EP3634638A1

EP3634638A1 - Device for separating conglomerates that consist of materials of different densities

Info

Publication number: EP3634638A1
Application number: EP17732774.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Claus Gronholz
Original assignee: Tartech eco Ind AG; Tartech Eco Industries AG
Current assignee: Tartech eco Ind AG; Tartech Eco Industries AG
Priority date: 2017-06-04
Filing date: 2017-06-04
Publication date: 2020-04-15
Also published as: US20200129986A1; CN110997149A; WO2018224118A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for separating conglomerates that consist of materials of different densities, having a rotor chamber (11), in which a rotor shaft (12) is mounted so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis (40), on which rotor shaft (12) striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) are arranged one beneath another in at least two planes (16, 17, 18, 19), which striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) are set into rotational movement by the rotor shaft (12) such that the conglomerates filled into the rotor chamber (11) from above are captured and separated by the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23). The invention proposes that the rotor chamber (11) widen conically downward, and that the outside radius of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) increase from top to bottom such that the spacing (a) of the radially outer end edges (30) of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) from the chamber wall (31) facing said striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) is substantially the same in the individual planes during operation.

Description

Device for separating conglomerates, which consist of materials of different density.

description

The invention relates to a device for separating conglomerates, which consist of materials of different density, with a rotor chamber in which a rotor shaft is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, on which rotor shaft in at least two levels with each other impact tools are arranged by the rotor shaft in Rotational motion are offset such that the filled from above into the rotor chamber conglomerates are detected and separated by the impact tools.

In metalworking or other manufacturing and processing processes, slags are generated which have metallic constituents. However, these are often present in scaled form or are embedded in mineral constituents. It is therefore known to mechanically digest such slags in order to separate the metallic constituents in a further process step from the mineral or non-metallic constituents.

From WO 2012/171597 AI it is known to crush such slags in a hammer mill. The conglomerates hit the high-speed rotating impact tools. The impact releases the lighter mineral component from the heavier metallic component. The arrangement is here made such that the striking tools arranged in the vertically aligned impact chamber in several levels with each other and that the lower impact tools rotate at a higher speed than the higher impact tools. Furthermore, the vertically aligned impact chamber has a substantially cylindrical shape, while the diameter of the rotor shaft increases from top to bottom. The rotor space is thus narrower from top to bottom and is moved to the outside. In order to reach the already smashed or smaller conglomerates in an outer area in which the impact tools have a higher speed. Thus, these conglomerates are smashed sure.

Good results can be achieved with this device. However, the structure of the rotor shaft is relatively complex, since it consists of several hollow shafts, so that in the different levels, the different rotational speeds are adjustable. Also, the conglomerates in the device have a relatively short residence time, so that the separation is only incomplete.

The invention has the object of providing a device of the type described above in such a way that these disadvantages are avoided. The object is achieved according to the invention in that the rotor chamber widens conically downwards, and that the outer radius of the impact tools increases from top to bottom such that the distance between the radially outer end edges of the impact tools to their facing chamber wall in the individual levels is essentially the same size in operation.

The rotor chamber expands steadily and conically from top to bottom with a substantially smooth inner surface. The length of the striking tools in the individual Planes is dimensioned so that in the operating position there is a substantially equal distance between the radially outer end edge of the striking tools and the inner surface of the rotor chamber.

Preferably, the inner surface of the rotor chamber in the region of the planes with the striking tools along a straight line, so that, seen in the central longitudinal section, the rotor chamber has the shape of a symmetrical and isosceles trapezium. The inner surface of the rotor chamber can also have a continuously curved and widening course. The rotor chamber thus has a bell-shaped central longitudinal section. This achieves the same effect as a straight course of the inner surface of the rotor chamber.

This design ensures that the rotational speed of the impact tools in the lower levels increases. The rotor space also increases from top to bottom, so that the slag boulders / conglomerates are likely to be hit several times by the striking tools and as they travel through the rotor chamber from top to bottom with higher impact velocity from the striking tools. This can be done a better digestion of the conglomerates.

The metallic component is not crushed because, for example, no grinding takes place. The metallic components are merely blasted off of the mineral components, since these have a lower mass and thus a smaller kinetic energy or inertia compared to the metallic components of the same size, so that the heavier metallic components experience a different acceleration due to the impact. The brittle Serving is blasted off. In a subsequent process step, the metallic constituents with known separation devices, such as

Gravity separators, magnetic separators or eddy current separators are separated from the mineral components.

The striking tools can be arranged rigidly on the rotor shaft. Advantageously, the impact tools are hinged to the rotor shaft and pivot through the rotation in a horizontal position. Because of the high

Rotation speed, it is advantageous if the impact tools of a plane are arranged axisymmetric to the axis of rotation. This prevents imbalances.

The slag is fed continuously through an upper hopper of the rotor chamber. It is therefore further contemplated that above the top level a hood is arranged, which extends in the radial direction at least partially via the articulation of the impact tools on the rotor shaft. The hood surface has a widening from top to bottom course, so that the slag is passed to the rotating striking tools below. This avoids, on the one hand, that the slag, without being comminuted, reaches the discharge in the area of the rotor shaft downwards. On the other hand prevents the slag dry impinge on the articulation of impact tools that could otherwise wear out faster.

The slag boulders are thus reliably seized and crushed by the impact tools. The crushed parts bounce off the striking tools and hit the chamber wall, from which they return to the rotation space rebound. Then they are either captured in the same plane or in another and in particular lower level by the rotating striking tools there and further smashed. Due to the higher peripheral speed of the striking tools in the lower regions due to the larger diameter present there, even stubborn caking of the mineral slag from the metal components are safely blasted off.

It is also appropriate that are located between the striking tools in a plane deflection plates which are fixed to the rotor shaft and extending radially from the rotor shaft. The baffle plate prevents impact of the slag dry from the chamber wall on the rotor shaft, which is thus well protected against damage and wear. Specifically, the arrangement may be such that the impact tools are mounted in a plane on a flange and that the baffles are annular and secured with their inner edge regions on the flange. The radially outer edge of the baffles can project beyond the linkages of the striking tools on the rotor shaft. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least the upper portion of the rotor shaft is formed as a hollow shaft on which at least one upper level is arranged with striking tools and which is penetrated by at least one concentric shaft at the at least one lower level with striking tools are arranged. This makes it possible to set the rotation speeds and the direction of rotation of the lower levels independently of those of the upper levels. It can be provided that the striking tools are driven in a lower plane at a different and in particular higher speed in the same or opposite direction of rotation as that in an upper plane. In particular, by a change in the direction of rotation, a doubling of the relative speed of the underlying impact tools is achieved. The conglomerates are then safely digested and good separation of the metallic and non-metallic constituents is possible.

It can be provided that the speed of the striking tools in an upper level is 500 U / min to 1,200 U / min. The speed of impact tools in a lower level can be 600 rpm to 1,300 rpm. The effective outer diameter of the impact tools can be between 1.0 m and 3.0 m. With such a speed, the kinetic energy of the constituents of a conglomerate is so different that a secure bursting of the crumb is achieved.

It can be provided that the cone angle spanned by the chamber wall is 20 ° to 50 ° and in particular 24 ° to 30 °. As a result, the particles rebounding on the impact tools are safely redirected back into the rotor space. The front edges of the striking tools extend in the operating position relative to the vertical preferably at an angle of 2 ° to 15 °. This ensures that the particles that have been blown up hit the chamber wall in such a way that they largely return to the same level of impact tools. The residence time of the slag in the apparatus is thus increased, and the likelihood of slag-rock impact and fragmentation thereof is increased. This principle of fragmentation requires, among other things, that the slag boulders bounce in a defined manner from the chamber wall into the rotor space. However, the slag to be worked up has the property of adhering to walls or the like due to its moisture content of 5.0% by mass to 20.0% by mass (M% by mass) and to form encrustations there. It is therefore expedient if at least one knocking tool is arranged on the outside of the chamber wall. Regular knocking vibrates the chamber wall so that caking or encrustation dissolves again and the chamber wall retains the desired rebound properties. It can be provided that along the circumference of the rotor chamber several, for example, five or six, knocking tools are mounted, which are preferably successive effective. Thus, the chamber wall can be vibrated at short intervals, wherein the point of introduction of the vibration is in each case at a different location. This cleans the inside of the rotor chamber well from caking. It is also advantageous if the knocking tools are operative during operation. This ensures that the dissolved caking, which dissolve in the form of clods or plates from the inner wall, are detected by the rotating impact tools and crushed again. This is favorable for the subsequent workup. It can be provided, for example, that with five impact tools along the circumference of the rotor chamber every 30 seconds to 90 seconds a striking tool triggers a vibration. Then, after 150 sec to 450 sec, all impact tools would have been effective once, and the caking on the chamber inner wall would be safely released. That for the Proper operation provided rebound behavior of the chamber wall is thus maintained.

Furthermore, it is expedient if the rotor chamber is mounted elastically on vibration dampers in the device frame. The vibrations generated by the knocking tools are thereby damped and do not transfer to the other machine parts and in particular not to the bearings of the rotor shafts. The rotor shaft and thus the impact tools attached thereto are thereby decoupled from the rotor chamber and the wall thereof. The rotor shaft protrudes from above into the rotor chamber and has no direct mechanical connection to the rotor wall due to the vibration damper. The vibrations applied thereto thus do not affect the shaft bearings, which are already heavily loaded by the high rotational speeds. The service life of the device is thus increased. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 in longitudinal section a device according to the

Invention,

2 shows the rotor chamber in an enlarged representation,

Fig. 3 is a striking tool in plan view, Fig. 4 shows the impact tool of Figure 3 in the

Side View,

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a plane of the striking tools and 6 shows the section AA in Figure 5.

The device 10 shown in the drawing for bursting slag dry comprises a rotor chamber 11, in which a vertically extending rotor shaft 12 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis 40. The interior of the rotor chamber 11 has a circular shape in cross-section, and the rotor shaft 12 extends concentrically thereto. In the upper region of the rotor chamber 11, a hopper 13 is provided, through which the bulk material to be separated can be filled into the rotor chamber 11. At the lower end of the rotor chamber 11, a collecting funnel 14 is provided, through which the comminuted material is collected and discharged through a discharge device 15, not shown.

On the rotor shaft 12 19 impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23 are arranged in several levels 16, 17, 18 ,. In detail, the arrangement is such that each impact tool 20, 21, 22, 23 are held by two chain links 24, 25 between two circumferential flanges 26, 27 with a bolt 28. As a result, the striking tool 20, 21, 22, 23 is held pivotably on the rotor shaft 12 both about a horizontal axis and about a vertical axis. When the rotor shaft 12 is stopped, the percussion tools 20, 21, 22, 23 hang down on the suspension formed by the chain links 24, 25. As soon as the rotor shaft 12 rotates, the impact tools align themselves in the horizontal operating position. The dimensions are dimensioned such that in the horizontal operating position between the radially outer end walls 30 of the striking tools 20, 21, 22, 23 and the inner wall 31 of the rotor chamber a distance a remains. This ensures that the rotor shaft can rotate freely and the filled slag boulders are very likely to be hit by the impact tools. In the operating position with rotating rotor shaft 12, the material to be comminuted is filled into the rotor chamber 11 and thus enters the detection range of the rapidly rotating impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23. The individual chunks are hit by the impact tools and thus experience a strong impact, by which the chunks are crushed. In particular, in conglomerates of metallic and non-metallic components thereby the non-metallic components are knocked off the metallic components and thus separated.

The mixture of separate metallic and non-metallic constituents thus produced passes into the collecting funnel 14 and is therefrom fed to further processing and in particular to the actual separation of the metallic slag from the non-metallic slag. In that regard, the separation of slag scraps in an impact mill is well known and therefore needs no further explanation.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the rotor chamber 11 widens conically from top to bottom. The rotor chamber 11 thus has the shape of a circular cross-section truncated cone with smooth walls without paragraph.

The impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23 are adapted to the course of the chamber wall 29 and thus become longer from top to bottom. The rotor shaft has a substantially equal diameter over its entire length. It is provided that the distance a of the outer end edge 30 of a striking tool 20, 21, 22, 23 to the inner wall 31 of the rotor chamber 11 in each plane 16, 17, 18, 19 is substantially equal. The effective length 1 of a Impact tool 20, 21, 22, 23 thus increases from top to bottom. Overall, this arrangement ensures that even the smaller chunks are detected and blown up.

Due to the larger diameter of the impact tools in the lower region of the rotor chamber 11, the peripheral speed of the lower impact tools 22, 23 at their outer regions at the same rotational speeds of the upper shaft portion 32 and the lower shaft portion 33 is higher than in the higher overhead striking tools 20, 21. Die Higher speed makes it possible to break up even smaller chunks and separate the enclosed metallic component.

For an even higher impact speed of the slag dry on the impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23, the rotor shaft 12 is formed in two parts. The upper portion 32 is formed as a hollow shaft, in which the lower portion 33 is mounted concentrically rotatable. The upper shaft portion 32 carries the two upper levels 16, 17 with the striking tools 20, 21, while the lower shaft portion 33 holds the striking tools 22, 23 of the lower levels 18, 19. Both shaft sections 32, 33 can be driven via separate drives 41, 42 at different speeds in different or the same direction of rotation. In particular, it is provided that the lower shaft portion 33 is driven at a higher speed than the upper shaft portion. Furthermore, the lower shaft portion 33 preferably rotates in the opposite rotational direction as the upper shaft portion 32.

As a result, the impact speed of the chunks on the counter-rotating lower impact tools 22, 23 is essential elevated. The chunks are first accelerated by the upper impact tools 20, 21 in one direction. In the upper levels 16, 17, the larger chunks are crushed. These chunks are thrown to the rotor chamber wall 29 and bounce from there back onto the striking tools of the same plane or another plane. Subsequently, the crushed chunks reach the area of the lower levels 18, 19, in which they are detected by the counter-rotating impact tools 22, 23 and further smashed.

It can be provided here that the tangential and / or radial end edges 30, 34 of the impact tools extend obliquely upwards and inwards, so that the impacting chunks or their components are preferably thrown upwards. As a result, the residence time of a crack in the rotor chamber 11 is substantially increased, so that overall the probability grows to be crushed by a percussion tool.

In order to avoid caking or encrustations on the chamber inner wall 31 or 29 mechanical knock tools 36 are attached to the outside 35 of the chamber wall. These set the chamber wall 29 in vibration, so that any existing caking of the chamber inner wall 31 solve. The inner wall 31 therefore remains clean, so that the desired rebound direction and rebound speed of the impacting Brockenteile is maintained and are not attenuated by the caking. So that the applied vibrations do not propagate to the rotor shaft 12 and its shaft sections 32, 33 and in particular not to the bearings of the flying bearing of the shaft, the rotor chamber 11 is mounted on elastic vibration dampers 44 on the machine frame. Thereby, the rotor chamber 11 of the Rotor shaft 12 decoupled. The knocking tools work during operation, so that the falling caking is immediately shredded by the impact tools. Due to the downwardly conically widening course of the rotor chamber reach this in the form of clods from the Kammerinnenwandung 31 dissolved and falling caking directly into the sphere of action of the rotary impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23, without the possibility that these clods on the Slide chamber inner wall 31 without crushing.

Overall, this can be done a good to very good separation of slag boulders. At the discharge then there is only a mixture of non-metallic and metallic parts that can be sorted well with conventional separation methods.

Furthermore, a hood 37 is arranged on the rotor shaft 12 above the top level 16 of the percussion tools, which extends from the shaft radially to about the linkages 24, 25 of the percussion tools. As a result, the linkages 24, 25 are protected from falling chunks. In particular, it is achieved that the chunks arrive after entering the rotor chamber 11 directly into the detection area and the upper impact tools 20.

The slag boulders are accelerated and crushed by the impact tools and collide with the inner wall 31 of the rotor chamber 11. From there they return to the rotor space. In order to avoid damage to the shaft by the impact of the slag dry baffles 38 are disposed between the linkages 24, 25 of the striking tools at least in the lower levels 17, 18, 19. The rebounding slugs from the inner wall 31 also have one because of the inclination of the rotor wall Speed component down. The baffles 38 prevent the rebounding chunks from reaching the shaft, so that their service life can be significantly increased. The deflection plates 38 extend in the radial direction at least as far as the outer articulation region 24, 25 of a percussion tool 20, 21, 22, 23.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 5, the impact tools, not shown in this figure, of a plane 16, 17, 18, 19 are held axially symmetrically on the flanges 26, 27. In the embodiment shown in the drawing four striking tools are arranged in a plane on the associated flanges. Between the striking tools is in each case a baffle 38. The mating flanges 26, 27 have twelve evenly distributed around the circumference holes. In each third bore 39, a bolt 28 is attached for holding a striking tool. Between each impact tool of a plane are then two free holes in which the ring-shaped baffles are held with its inner edge. This protects the shaft well from the slag slag. The

Impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23 of the individual levels 16, 17, 18, 19 may be arranged offset in the direction of rotation to each other.

The impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23 are paddle-shaped in plan view. The impact tools 20, 21, 22, 23 have a greater width than conventional impact tools. The width of the conventional impact tools is indicated in Figure 3 by the line 43. As a result, the service life of the striking tools 20, 21, 22, 23 is significantly increased, since the wear occurs in particular at the end edges 30, 34, where the slag dry preferably be smashed.

Claims

Device for separating conglomerates, which consist of materials of different density. claims

1. A device for separating conglomerates, which consist of materials of different density, with a rotor chamber (11) in which a rotor shaft (12) about a vertical axis (40) is rotatably mounted on which rotor shaft (12) in at least two planes (16, 17, 18, 19) with each other impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) are arranged, which are rotated by the rotor shaft (12) in rotary motion such that the from above into the rotor chamber (11) filled conglomerates through the Impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) are detected and separated, characterized in that the rotor chamber (11) flared downwards, and that the outer radius of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) from top to bottom increases such that the distance (a) of the radially outer end edges (30) of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) to the chamber wall facing them (31) in the individual planes during operation is substantially equal.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) are pivotally mounted on the rotor shaft (12) and pivot by the rotation in a horizontal operating position.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) of a plane (16, 16, 18, 19) are arranged axially symmetrically to the axis of rotation (40). 2

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that above the uppermost level (16) a hood (37) is arranged, which in the radial direction at least partially via the articulation (24, 25) of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) extends on the rotor shaft.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the striking tools

(20, 21, 22, 23) are in a plane baffles (38) which are fixed to the rotor shaft (12) and extending radially from the rotor shaft.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) in a plane at least one flange (26, 27) are fixed and that the baffles (38) are formed ring-shaped and with their inner Edge regions on the flange (26, 27) are attached.

7. Device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the radially outer edge of the baffles (38), the linkages (24, 25) of the impact tools (20, 21, 22, 23) projects beyond the rotor shaft (12).

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least the upper portion (32) of the rotor shaft is formed as a hollow shaft on which at least one upper level (16, 17) is arranged with striking tools (20, 21) and which is penetrated by at least one concentrically extending shaft (33) and at the at least one lower level (18, 19) with impact tools (22, 23) are arranged. 3

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the impact tools (22, 23) in a lower plane (18, 19) with a different and especially higher speed in the same or opposite direction of rotation as in an upper level (16, 17 ) are driven.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotational speed of the impact tools (20, 21) in an upper level (16, 17) 500 U / min to 1200 U / min.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the rotational speed of the impact tools (22, 23) in a lower level (18, 19) 600 U / min to 1,300 U / min.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the of the chamber wall (29) spanned cone angle is 20 ° to 50 ° and in particular 24 ° to 30 °.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the end edges (30, 34) of the striking tools (20, 21, 22, 23) in the operating position relative to the vertical at an angle of 2 ° to 15 ° upwards and run inside.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that on the outer side (35) of the

Chamber wall (29) at least one knocking tool (36) is arranged.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rotor chamber (11) is elastically mounted on elastic vibration dampers (44).