EP2072136A1 - Dismantling device - Google Patents

Abstract

Decomposing device (1) comprises a rotating drum (2) for holding material to be crushed in an inner wall delimited by a wall (4) and a unit (20) arranged in the inner chamber for accelerating the material against the wall of the drum. An independent claim is also included for a method for decomposing material using the above device. Preferred Features: The accelerating unit comprises a shaft (21) connected to a rotary drive unit (24) and rotating about a rotary center (22). The shaft has carriers (27, 28) which protrude away from the rotary center.

Description

The invention relates to a cutting device, which is particularly suitable for the careful disassembly of technical equipment, but also for crushing the same or for crushing and / or decomposition of other objects.

In recycling technology, it is often important to treat waste materials. This includes, for example, the dismantling of electrical or electronic devices under certain specifications. For example, it is often desired to dissolve and separate the different modules installed in devices from one another, for which substance groups must be solved. On the other hand, however, certain individual components are often at least substantially intact in order to be separately recorded. This applies, for example, printed circuit boards, with their electronic components in particular also electrolytic capacitors with the liquids contained.

For gentle material shredding beats the WO 2006/021013 A1 a Zerlegeeinrichtung ago, which acts by gravitational impact. It is constructed in the manner of a tube mill and has an approximately horizontally arranged rotatably mounted tube. The pipe wall is internally loaded with dogs to lift devices placed in the pipe several meters as the pipe rotates. The devices then fall from a certain height and crash on the pipe wall in their respective lower area.

This principle requires considerable pipe diameter and thus extremely large systems to create the necessary drop height. Furthermore, the material to be comminuted must be raised several times by the tubular drum in order to achieve a certain degree of comminution by repeated falling in the interior of the drum. For a certain length of the tubular drum is required. The cost of materials for the preparation of such a system and the resulting difficulties in the required for noise protection reasons complete enclosure of the system are high.

It is an object of the invention to provide a cutting device that can be realized with a smaller size.

This object is achieved with the cutting device according to claim 1:

The dismantling device according to the invention has a horizontally arranged, rotating drum for receiving material to be broken up. By rotating the drum, the material is circulated and conveyed upwards until it falls down from a certain height. By doing Interior of the drum is provided a device for accelerating the material. This device can also be regarded as a throwing apparatus or spinner. The material falling downwardly from the drum wall strikes this device and receives from it an impulse which hurls the material in different directions against the wall of the drum. The paring effect is very efficient. Only a small drum diameter and a short overall length are required. The dismantling device causes a disintegration of the devices in their parts or assemblies, whereby a certain crushing of the parts can occur. Advantageously, in particular most or all material composites are solved. Plastic and metal can be easily separated after treatment.

Between the wall of the drum and the device arranged in the drum, a free space is present which is at least so large that the objects to be shredded can not clamp between the accelerating device and the drum wall. Rather, the objects to be crushed on the one hand to fall down from the drum wall on the accelerator and on the other hand are thrown by the accelerator against the wall of the drum. The crushing of the material thus takes place by impact. Here comes in particular the impact of the material on the wall of the drum to bear. The term "material" in this context means both devices and their fragments or other objects to be crushed or already partially or completely comminuted.

By accelerating the material from the accelerator as it falls off the drum wall, it becomes opposed to a purely gravitational disintegrator achieved several advantages. On the one hand, the drop height of the material and thus the drum diameter can be substantially reduced. On the other hand, by suitable adjustment of the acceleration effect of the acceleration device arranged in the interior of the drum acceleration means the strength of the impact of the material can be adjusted as needed. The acceleration effect can be set, for example, by the type of equipment or substances to be crushed according to specifications. It is also possible to make the strength of the acceleration effect dependent on the crushing result to be achieved, for example, the degree of pulping to be achieved.

The acceleration device can be formed for example by a shaft which extends into the interior of the drum or through it and is provided with at least one, preferably a plurality of drivers. The one or more drivers protrude from the center of rotation of the shaft. The dogs may be formed as teeth, arms or strips extending away from the center of rotation of the shaft. They can be oriented in the radial direction or inclined relative to the radial direction. Preferably, the drivers are rigidly connected to the shaft. However, if necessary, one or more of the drivers may also be movably connected to the shaft, for example, to be kept stretched in the radial direction by centrifugal force.

The one or more drivers preferably have a driver surface, which may be flat or rounded. The one or more drivers may be interrupted or continuously extend over part of the length of the shaft or along the entire shaft. They can have a uniform cross section along their length. But it is also possible to vary the cross section. For example, the drivers may have a lower radial length at one end of the shaft and a greater radial length at another end of the shaft. As a result, an adaptation of the driver can be achieved at the different degrees of decomposition of the material along the shaft.

The provided with one or more drivers shaft can extend centrally through the drum, wherein the axis of rotation of the shaft and the drum are arranged concentrically with each other. But it is also possible to arrange the shaft eccentric to the drum. The eccentric offset may in particular be a vertical offset. This can be defined above the fast-running wave an enlarged baffle and Zerlegeraum.

In addition, it is possible to provide a transverse offset of the drum and the shaft of the accelerator. This transverse offset can be used to provide in the crushing space a free throwing zone through which the accelerated by the accelerator material flies against the drum wall.

It is also possible to align the axis of rotation of the drum and the axis of rotation of the shaft at an acute angle to each other in order to adapt the comminution ratios along the shaft to the different degree of comminution of the material.

Both the drum and the shaft are preferably driven in rotation. Both are preferably driven by separate drive motors. In a preferred embodiment, the rotational speed of at least the shaft or the drum can be influenced and adjusted by a suitable control device. The wave and the drum are in the preferred embodiment, driven in the same direction rotating. As a result, the crushing is mainly caused by impact of the crushed material on the drum wall. Even with bulky crushed material malfunctions are avoided by material accumulation.

In deviation, it is in principle also possible to let the drum and the acceleration device work in opposite directions. The material flow generated by the accelerator device is then thrown against the material falling from the drum wall. The comminution is then mainly caused by impact and shock processes within the ground material.

It is also possible to divide the shaft and / or the drum at a suitable location along a plane on which the axis of rotation is perpendicular. The two parts of the shaft and / or the drum can then each run at different speeds or rotate in opposite directions. In this way, the comminution ratios can be adapted to the different grain sizes at the beginning of comminution and towards the end of comminution.

The drum is preferably a cylindrical container which is externally mounted on a chassis. The drum is preferably inclined with respect to the horizontal in order to effect a material feed in the axial direction during the material comminution. The cutting device can work continuously. While material is constantly being dispensed at one end of the drum, material may be continually removed at the other end of the drum. The cross section of the drum may differ from the cylindrical shape. The drum may be internally filled with blades or projections to take material in the direction of rotation. It can have a polygonal cross-section with rounded or unrounded ones Have corners and, if necessary, have at appropriate locations of their wall screen openings.

Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the drawing, the description or claims.

• Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Zerlegeeinrichtung in teilweise aufgeschnittener Seitenansicht in Prinzipdarstellung,
• Figur 2 die Zerlegeeinrichtung nach Figur 1 in Stirnansicht,
• Figur 3 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Zerlegeeinrichtung in Stirnansicht als Prinzipdarstellung,
• Figur 4 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Zerlegeeinrichtung in schematisierter Darstellung in Seitenansicht,
• Figur 5 eine Trommel einer Zerlegeeinrichtung in aufgeschnittener Prinzipdarstellung, perspektivisch,
• Figur 6 eine Beschleunigungseinrichtung in perspektivischer Prinzipdarstellung,
• Figur 7 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Zerlegeeinrichtung in schematisierter Stirnansicht und
• Figur 8 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Zerlegeeinrichtung in fragmentarischer Seitenansicht.

The description is limited to essential aspects of the invention or other facts. The drawing reveals more details and is complementary. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a decomposing device according to the invention in a partially cutaway side view in schematic representation,
• FIG. 2 the decomposition device after FIG. 1 in front view,
• FIG. 3 a modified embodiment of the cutting device in front view as a schematic diagram,
• FIG. 4 a modified embodiment of the cutting device in a schematic representation in side view,
• FIG. 5 a drum of a decomposing device in a cutaway schematic representation, in perspective,
• FIG. 6 an acceleration device in perspective schematic representation,
• FIG. 7 a further embodiment of the cutting device in a schematic end view and
• FIG. 8 a further embodiment of a cutting device in fragmentary side view.

In FIG. 1 is a decomposing device 1 illustrates that can be used for crushing electrical or electronic equipment or other material crushing. The decomposing device 1 is set up to disassemble the corresponding devices, although certain components, such as circuit boards or certain components, such as capacitors, although separated from other modules, but should remain intact during disassembly. The decomposing device 1 ensures gentle material digestion.

It has a present example, cylindrical drum 2, which is rotatably mounted on a chassis 3, as it is made FIG. 2 evident. The drum 2 has a closed wall 4, which is formed closed, for example. At the end faces, the drum 2 can be completely or partially open.

The chassis 3 comprises a plurality of wheels 5, 6, 7, 8, which are rotatably mounted on a base frame 9. At least one of the wheels 5 to 8 is connected to a drive device 10. If necessary, several or all wheels can be driven 5 to 8. The drive device 10 comprises e.g. an electric motor 11 and a reduction gear 12, which connects the electric motor 11 with one or more of the wheels 5 to 8. The reduction gear 12 may be formed as a gear or belt transmission with flywheel energy storage. The flywheel makes her big pulley. Alternatively, the electric motor 11 may be connected via a toothing or one or more belts directly to the drum 2.

The wheels 5 to 8 can rest directly on the wall 4. It is also possible to provide two annular rails 13, 14 on the wall 4. About this is if necessary not only a radial but also an axial support of the drum 2 possible. Alternatively or additionally, the axial support of the Trommel2 can be effected by means of at least one roller, which is rotatably mounted on the base frame and on the front side of the drum 2 is supported,

The chassis 3 defines for the drum 2 an axis of rotation 15 which is at an acute angle, e.g. inclined by a few degrees to the horizontal. In a preferred embodiment, the inclination of this axis of rotation 15 is adjustable.

The wall 4 of the drum 2 is preferably made of steel. To minimize noise, it can be provided over the full surface or at suitable locations with damping elements 16, for example in the form of damping rubber flooring. The advantage of this measure lies in the achievable sound attenuation without the need for a complete enclosure of the decomposing device. 1

The drum 2 may, as mentioned, be largely open at their end faces. At one end 17 of the drum 2, an in FIG. 1 only indicated by dashed lines material supply device 7.8 be arranged. The end 17 is that end of the drum 2, which is positioned higher than the other end 19. As indicated by an arrow, there can be given to be crushed Good or material in the interior of the drum 2. Through this extends a device 20 for accelerating the material given in it. To the device 20 includes, for example, a shaft 21 which is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 22. The axis of rotation 22 is in the present embodiment with the axis of rotation 15 match. The bearing of the shaft 21 can be effected by a bearing 23, the the base frame 9 is supported. The bearing 23 is located outside the drum 2. However, it may also be arranged on the end face of the drum 2 and be connected to the wall 4 via at least one, but preferably a plurality of spokes.

The other end of the shaft 21 is connected to a shaft drive means 24, to which e.g. an electric motor 25 and a transmission 26 include. The transmission 26 may be a gear transmission or a belt transmission. Preferably, the electric motors 11, 25 independently controllable in their speed.

The shaft 21 is at least one but preferably several drivers 27, 28 occupied, which may be formed, for example, as rib-like from the shaft 21 radially outwardly projecting wings. The radius of this driver 27, 28 is dimensioned so that between its outermost edges and the inside of the wall 4 of the drum 2 each leaves a distance which is greater than the grain size of the material to be crushed there. The drivers 27, 28 may, as shown, extend through almost the entire length of the interior of the drum 2. They have their front in the direction of rotation side impact surfaces 29, 30, the flat or, as FIG. 3 shows, can also be formed rounded. Likewise, as well FIG. 3 shows the wall 4 of the drum 2 polygonal, for example, six or octagonal limited. The wall 4 is preferably occupied on its inside with a plurality of blade-like projections 31 which form drivers for the material 32 to be shredded.

The decomposing device 1 operates as follows:

In operation, material to be processed, for example Office equipment, household appliances, electronic music devices, communication devices, electric hand tools, craft equipment, electrical engineering tools, sports equipment but also all other composite materials that contain wood, plastic, metal, glass and / or ceramic, etc. Also possible are electrical or electronic devices, such as copiers, printers, refrigerators, microwave ovens or the like, via the material supply device 18 into the interior of the drum 2. The drive means 10, 24 thereby rotate the drum 2 and the device 20 in preferably the same direction of rotation. The shaft 21 preferably rotates much faster than the drum 2. As in FIG. 3 indicated, the material 32 from the projections 31 on one side, in FIG. 3 left, promoted upwards and falls down from a certain height. It hits on the drivers 27, 28 of the relatively fast rotating shaft 21. The individual parts 32 are considerably accelerated by the impact with the drivers 27, 28 and thrown against the inside of the wall 4 of the drum 2. The individual particles fly in FIG. 3 vertically upwards, diagonally to the right or to the right and to the bottom right. If they meet in an upper area on the drum wall, they can fall back on the drivers 27, 28 and in turn be thrown against the drum wall. There are thus multiple collisions between the material and the wall 4, the impact energy resulting in part from gravity and partly from the acceleration of the material by the drivers 27, 28.

Due to the inclination of the drum 2, the material is simultaneously conveyed in the axial direction during comminution, so that it can emerge at the end 19 in comminuted form. There, a material conveyor 33 may be provided to remove the crushed material. It can be one further treatment, for example in the form of various classifiers are supplied.

The comminution by impact is relatively gentle. Material composites, in particular material composites between different modules are reliably solved. However, the destruction of individual components, in particular electronic components, is largely eliminated, so that the generated material flow can be fed to an orderly recycling.

At the so far described invention a variety of modifications are possible. In the foregoing, it has been assumed that continuous operation is facilitated by the inclination of the drum 2. But it can also be done batchwise operation. A drum skew is then not required. Also, the axes of rotation 15, 22 do not like FIG. 4 shows, not necessarily parallel or coaxially oriented to each other. If desired, they can also be oriented differently and include, for example, an acute angle with each other.

In addition, the protrusions 31, as they are made FIG. 3 can be seen over a portion of the length of the drum 2 or over its entire length. There may be provided a plurality of groups of projections which each extend over only a part of the axial length of the drum 2. The cross sections of the projections 31 may be constant over their axial extent or, as seen FIG. 5 shows to be variable. Alternatively to the in FIG. 5 can also be provided protrusions which extend over only a part of the length of the drum 2, wherein in different sections of the drum 2 arranged projections a different May have size. In addition, the projections 31 may be inclined in the direction of rotation in order to act particularly intensively in the manner of a blade and to release the parts conveyed upwards only above the acceleration device 20.

As FIG. 6 illustrated, the provided on the shaft 21 driver 27, 28 have a varying along its axial extension cross-section. For example, at the material inlet, where the devices to be comminuted are still coarse-grained, they can be made smaller and larger in a rear region in the vicinity of the material outlet. It is also possible to provide different sized drivers, for example smaller ones near the material input and larger ones near the material outlet or vice versa.

Next it is according to FIG. 7 possible to offset the axes of rotation 15, 22 both vertically and laterally against each other. Preferably, the shaft 21 is thereby displaced to that side at which the material to be comminuted is conveyed upward due to the direction of rotation of the drum 2. In this way, a largely free crushing space 34 is created on the opposite side, in which the material to be crushed against the wall 4 of the drum 2 and can be thrown. As FIG. 9 illustrated, the axis 22 of the shaft 21 may be offset against the axis 15 of the drum 2 down to increase the free flight space (crushing space 34) possible. Also, in this as in all other embodiments of the cutting device 1, the projections 31 may be formed as blades curved in the direction of rotation.

Another variation goes out FIG. 8 out. The drum 2 is here in at least one eg annular zone 35 provided near its lower end 19 with a screen structure 36 through which a certain fraction of material can be screened. Below this screening zone, a Materialtranaportvorrichtung 37 may be provided, for example in the form of a conveyor belt. If necessary, a plurality of such screening zones can be arranged at different axial locations of the drum 2 in order to screen off different material fractions. Otherwise, the above description applies accordingly also for this embodiment.

Another variation illustrates FIG. 10 ,

As can be seen, the shaft 21 is divided into two mutually aligned sub-waves 21a, 21b. The partial shaft 21a carries drivers 27a, 28a, whose shape and number can be determined as described above. The partial shaft 21b also carries drivers 27b, 28b. The shape and number of these drivers 27b, 28b may also be consistent with the description above. However, in terms of their shape and / or size and / or number, the drivers 27b, 28b of the partial shaft 21b differ from the drivers 27a, 28a of the partial shaft 21a. In addition, the two partial shafts 21a, 21b can be driven permanently or from time to time with different rotational speeds and / or rotational directions. If necessary, the partial waves 21a, 21b can also not be aligned. Preferably, the partial shafts 21a, 21b each individual drive means associated, which attaches to the respective end face of the relevant partial shaft 21a, 21b. This type of shared device 20 can be used in particular at Zerlegeeinrichtungen application that should cause a decomposition of the feedstock in a first stage and in a second stage a post-shredding. If necessary, the drum 2 may be provided for this purpose in a zone between the two differently operating cutting zones provided Ausschleuseeinrichtung. This can be provided direction. This can for example consist in a screening zone, as they are made FIG. 8 evident. This screening zone is then arranged on the drum 2, for example centrally. The sieve can be relatively coarse and serve, for example, to dislodge plastic components, condensers or the like, whereupon coarser parts are fed to the secondary comminution stage.

A similar principle is with the device 20 after FIG. 11 realized. For this figure, the description of the applies FIG. 10 according to the same reference numerals. As can be seen, the drivers 27b, 28b may be articulated. For example, blunt impact tools in the form of stretched by centrifugal chains or the like come into question.

Here, in particular, the decomposition (partial wave 21a) and the crushing (partial wave 21b) are combined with each other.

It is also possible to divide the drum 2 in all the above-described embodiments and to let the two drum parts rotating in each case about the rotation axis 15 rotate in the same direction or in opposite directions at the same or different rotational speeds. Also by this, the intensity of the crushing of the material in the axial direction of the drum can be varied.

Each of the cutting devices described above can be operated continuously. For this purpose, a decomposition or a post-shredding, such as the metal fraction can be achieved depending on the material. The effect can be varied by the rotational speed of the drum but in particular the shaft 21. Runs the shaft 21 at a first speed relatively slow, a disassembly of devices or material networks is mainly achieved. Running the wave 21, however, fast, a re-crushing is mainly achieved. It can thus be used successively in the material flow several Zerlegeeinrichtungen of the type mentioned.

It is also possible batchwise operation in which the cutting device 1 initially works as a cutting machine. For example, devices, e.g. the entertainment electronics in the drum 2 given. The cutting device 1 works as a litter crusher, the devices are essentially disintegrated and disassembled into fragments. From the material mixture thus obtained, circuit boards and other components, in particular pollutant-loaded components, such as mercury switches, relays with cadmium-coated contacts, electrolytic capacitors, batteries containing mercury or Braustein or the like containing harmful materials, etc. can be removed. The material classified so far can be fed back to the cutting device 1. This then works with the same or preferably a higher speed in particular the shaft 21 and now causes a crushing, in particular of the plastic components. As can be seen, thus by batch operation of one and the same cutting device 1 different tasks, namely the disassembly of the equipment and the crushing of the resulting material mixture can be achieved. The material flow ultimately passes through the cutting device twice, whereby after the first pass certain components can be sorted out by hand or by machine.

This example shows the versatility of the cutting device according to the invention.

The invention relates to a cutting device 1, which operates on the principle of a throw grinder, wherein the breaking energy is generated by the spinning action of a material acceleration device 20. The acceleration device 20 extends into the interior of a preferably slowly rotating drum 2 and hurls the material falling down from the drum wall once or several times against the drum wall in order to smash it.

reference numeral

1

separating device

2

drum

3

landing gear

4

wall

5, 6, 7, 8

bikes

9

base frame

10

driving means

11

electric motor

12

Reduction gear

13, 14

rails

15

axis of rotation

16

damping elements

17

The End

18

Material supply device

19

The End

20

Device for material acceleration

21

wave

21a, 21b

partial wave

22

axis of rotation

23

camp

24

Shaft drive device

25

electric motor

26

transmission

27, 28

takeaway

29, 30

baffles

31

projections

32

material

33

Material conveyor

34

shredding chamber

35

Zone

36

screen structure

37

Material conveyor

Claims (25)

Cutting device (1)
with a lying arranged, rotating drum (2) for receiving material to be shredded in its by a wall (4) limited interior and
with a device (20) arranged in its interior for accelerating the material against the wall (4) of the drum (2). Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (20) comprises a shaft (21) rotatably mounted about a rotation center (22) and connected to a rotary drive device (24), comprising at least one driver (27, 28) coming from the turning center (22) projects away. Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) interrupted or uninterrupted by the entire length of the interior of the drum (2). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) is rigid. Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) is rigidly connected to the shaft (21). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) is pivotally connected to the shaft (21). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) has a flat baffle surface (29, 30). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) has a curved baffle surface (29, 30). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one driver (27, 28) has an axially changing cross-section. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (20) is driven at a speed which is greater than the rotational speed of the drum (2). Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) and the device (20) are driven in the same direction of rotation. Disassembling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaft (21) extends longitudinally through the interior and is mounted outside the drum (2). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaft (21) and the drum (2) mutually parallel axes of rotation (22, 15). Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the drum (2) and the shaft (21) are arranged concentrically with each other. Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaft (21) and the drum (2) have axes of rotation (22, 15) which enclose an acute angle with each other. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) has a length which exceeds its diameter. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) is arranged inclined to the horizontal. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) is mounted on a chassis (3). Cutting device according to claim 18, characterized in that the chassis (3) has at least four wheels (5, 6, 7, 8), of which at least one is driven. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) is a cylindrical container. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) has a non-circular cross-section. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) is open on at least one end face. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (2) has a screen wall at least in a section (35). Method for comminuting material, including the material
placed in a rotating, horizontally arranged drum and is moved in ascending order by the rotation of the drum
the material is dropped from above onto a spinner,
The material is thrown from the spinner to the inside of the drum. Method according to Claim 24, applied to the dismantling of electrical or electronic devices.

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