EP3623591B1 - Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren - Google Patents

Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3623591B1
EP3623591B1 EP18194008.1A EP18194008A EP3623591B1 EP 3623591 B1 EP3623591 B1 EP 3623591B1 EP 18194008 A EP18194008 A EP 18194008A EP 3623591 B1 EP3623591 B1 EP 3623591B1
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Prior art keywords
valve
weight
titanium
nitrided layer
aluminium
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EP18194008.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3623591A1 (de
Inventor
Pedro Martin LERMAN
Paulo Roberto VIEIRA DE MORAIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Metal Leve SA
Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle Metal Leve SA
Mahle International GmbH
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Publication of EP3623591A1 publication Critical patent/EP3623591A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve for internal-combustion engines, in particular a titanium valve, in which at least one region of the valve has a nitrided layer formed by titanium nitrides and aluminium-titanium nitrides, providing excellent wear resistance and high hardness.
  • High-speed engines result in high levels of inertia in the movement of the valves, causing excessive wear of the components. For this reason, high-speed engines usually use valves made of a titanium-based material in order to reduce the weight of these components. The lighter weight and the greater strength at high temperatures of titanium alloys result in same being used in these valves, due to the inertial characteristics thereof.
  • the steel lash cap is a somewhat unsatisfactory solution for the problem of the low wear resistance of titanium.
  • the assembly of the steel lash cap is a problem, since said lash cap may become removed from the valve when the engine is running. Since the engines that use titanium valves run at very high speeds, there is a very high level of inertia and the wear that may be caused between the parts can cause the steel lash cap to become detached and to cause significant damage to the engine.
  • treating the valve seat can also improve the durability of the component in the most critical applications in terms of wear resistance combined with contact fatigue.
  • Patent document US 5051140 discloses a method for treating a titanium or titanium-alloy surface comprising a process for pre-treating a workpiece comprising titanium or a titanium alloy with an acid to clean said workpiece, a heating process for heating the pre-treated workpiece in an oxidative atmosphere for a predetermined period of time to form a composite layer comprising oxide layers and oxygen-enriched layers on the surface of the workpiece, and a process for rapidly cooling the treated workpiece to remove a scale layer formed on the outermost layer of said composite layer on the surface of the workpiece.
  • This method is limited in that it can only be applied to layers up to 10 microns thick and causes dimensional distortions as a result of the high heat treatment temperatures, as well as being a very slow method.
  • Patent document US 4852531 discloses a valve for internal-combustion engines having a valve stem of a titanium alloy strengthened by the inclusion of a compound containing titanium such as titanium carbide (TiC), titanium boride (TiB) or titanium diboride (TiB 2 ).
  • the valve stem is joined to a valve tip formed from a powder of a titanium alloy, preferably of the same composition as the alloy of the stem.
  • the tip and the stem are joined by cold compaction followed by vacuum sintering and a high temperature compaction.
  • this method uses expensive, explosive materials with a complex consolidation method, and the product has limited resistance.
  • patent document US 5441235 discloses a valve made from titanium with an in situ zone of titanium nitride extending from the valve's outer surface by means of a plasma nitriding process. This solution is limited by the thickness of the coating, typically below 50 microns, investment in a costly technology and low nitride content.
  • the patent document JP S61 126312 A discloses a valve for internal-combustion engines provided with a body or a substrate including a titanium ally, wherein at least one region of the valve has a nitride layer formed by titanium nitrides.
  • the patent document WO 95/09932 A1 discloses a titanium alloy product having good tribological properties without the need to introduce alloy into the surface. This is obtained by casting or casting and forging a titanium alloy consisting of 2 to 15% by weight silicon or 5 to 15% by weight nickel, 0 to 7% by weight of at least one strengthening alloy selected from aluminium, tin, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum and niobium, and 0 to 2% by weight of a surface improving alloying element selected from boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and zirconium, the balance apart from impurities and incidental ingredients being titanium. Such alloy is then surface treated by surface melting and rapid solidification so as to produce a hard, wear-resistant surface layer without substantially affecting the bulk properties of the alloy.
  • the patent document EP 2 963 255 A1 discloses a valve for use in an internal combustion engine, in which at least one area subjected to a process of plastic deformation, such as the area of the neck of the valve, is provided with at least 17 % solubilized metallic chromium. Furthermore, a method capable of providing a mechanism of solubilization of chromium in the structure of the valve is disclosed.
  • the patent document JP 3 018804 B2 discloses a treatment method for forming a treatment layer having high strength and wear resistance by diffusing aluminium and nitrogen on the surface of a titanium alloy.
  • valves for internal-combustion engines in particular a titanium valve, in which at least one region of the valve has a nitrided layer formed by titanium nitrides and/or aluminium-titanium nitrides, providing excellent wear resistance and high hardness and durability.
  • a first objective of the present invention is to provide a valve for internal-combustion engines, in particular a titanium valve, in which at least one region of the valve has a nitrided layer formed by titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ).
  • the present invention is intended to provide a valve that has a nitrided layer that is up to 500 microns thick, with surface hardness of between 1100 HV and 2000 HV, and hardness of at least 700 HV to a depth of at least 200 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a valve that has a nitrided layer that comprises at least 50% by volume of titanium nitrides (TiN) and/or aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ) to a depth of at least 50 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer.
  • TiN titanium nitrides
  • AlTiN 2 aluminium-titanium nitrides
  • the present invention is also intended to provide a valve that is provided with a nitrided layer obtained by means of a nitriding process by laser remelting in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a valve that has excellent wear resistance, with high hardness and durability, delivering properties that are superior to valves made from a titanium alloy.
  • a valve for internal-combustion engines provided with a body or substrate including a titanium alloy, in which at least one region of the valve has a nitrided layer formed by titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ), the nitrided layer comprising at least 50% by volume of titanium nitrides (TiN) and/or aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ) to a depth of at least 50 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer, that is up to 500 microns thick and has a surface hardness of between 1100 HV and 2000 HV, the hardness of the nitrided layer being at least 700 HV to a depth of at least 200 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer, same being applied to all of the surfaces of the valve, in particular to a region corresponding to the tip of the
  • the objectives of the present invention are also achieved by a method for obtaining a valve for an internal-combustion engine, the valve having a body or substrate made of a titanium alloy, the method including the following steps:
  • an internal-combustion engine that includes at least one valve, as described above.
  • the present invention relates to a valve 1 for internal-combustion engines, in particular a titanium valve 1, in which at least one region of the valve 1 has a nitrided layer 10 formed by titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ), the nitrided layer 10 being obtained by means of a nitriding process by laser remelting carried out in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere and having high hardness, providing the titanium valve 1 with excellent wear resistance.
  • TiN titanium nitrides
  • AlTiN 2 aluminium-titanium nitrides
  • high-speed engines result in high levels of inertia in the movement of the valves, causing excessive wear of the components. For this reason, high-speed engines usually use valves made of a titanium-based material in order to reduce the weight of these components.
  • titanium alone provides relatively limited wear resistance.
  • valves used in internal-combustion engines are high-precision components installed in the cylinder head of the engine, that are used for different tasks and are subjected to high thermal and mechanical stresses.
  • a valve 1 comprises a disk-shaped head 2 having a seat region 3 and a neck region 4 that acts as a transition portion to a stem 5, the tip 6 of the valve 1 being positioned at the end of the stem opposite the head. Furthermore, there are one or more recesses that form the channels 7 in the valve 1 in the region of the stem 5 next to the tip 6 of the valve 1. Each region of the valve 1 is subjected to different working loads and is therefore stressed in a distinct way.
  • the valve 1 has a nitrided layer 10, shown in Figure 2 , made of titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ) with a high nitride content provided on the surface of the valve 1 and throughout the thickness of the nitrided layer 10.
  • TiN titanium nitrides
  • AlTiN 2 aluminium-titanium nitrides
  • the valve 1 according to the present invention includes a body or substrate 8 preferably made of an alloy containing between 5.5% and 6.75% by weight of aluminium, and between 3.5% and 4.5% by weight of vanadium, the remainder being titanium and impurities, the alloy being known commercially as Ti6Al4V.
  • the substrate 8 is made of an alloy that contains between 5.5% and 6.75% by weight of aluminium, between 1.30% and 2.00% by weight of iron, between 0.07% and 0.13% by weight of silicon, and between 0.15% and 0.20% by weight of oxygen, the remainder being titanium and impurities, the alloy being known commercially as Ti6Al2Fe0.1Si.
  • the substrate 8 is made of an alloy containing between 5.5% and 6.75% by weight of aluminium, between 2.4% and 3.00% by weight of tin, between 3.50% and 4.50% by weight of zirconium, between 0.35% and 0.50% by weight of silicon, and between 0.35% and 0.50% by weight of molybdenum, the remainder being titanium and impurities, the alloy being known commercially as Ti6Al2.8Sn4Zr0.4Si.
  • the substrate 8 is made of an alloy that contains between 5.5% and 6.75% by weight of aluminium, between 1.80% and 2.20% by weight of tin, between 3.60% and 4.40% by weight of zirconium, between 0.06% and 0.13% by weight of silicon, and between 1.80% and 2.20% by weight of molybdenum, the remainder being titanium and impurities, the alloy being known commercially as Ti6Al2Sn4Zr2Mo.
  • titanium nitrides TiN
  • aluminium-titanium nitrides AlTiN 2
  • nitrides It is also possible for nitrides to form from the other elements contained in the alloy. However, these nitrides are much more difficult to obtain and no such formation was observed in any relevant quantities for the method parameters used.
  • titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ) are necessarily formed.
  • the high-wear-resistance nitrided layer 10 is defined by a predominance of titanium nitrides (TiN) and aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ) and is obtained by means of a nitriding process by laser remelting of the titanium alloy in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere, preferably containing at least 50% by volume of nitrogen.
  • the method for obtaining the nitrided layer 10, applied to the surface of at least one region of the valve 1, is done by means of a laser, the treatment essentially involving remelting the titanium alloy in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere to form nitrides.
  • the laser generates a treated remelted layer that is very rich in titanium nitrides (TiN) and/or aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ).
  • the nitrided layer 10 is applied to the region of the tip 6 of the valve 1, and may be applied to all of the surfaces of the valve 1.
  • the method for manufacturing the valve 1 according to the present invention includes steps for forging and machining the shape of the valve 1, followed by an optional step of thermal oxidation, polishing of the tip 6 of the valve 1, laser remelting in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere and finally a machining finishing step to ensure a suitable roughness of the surface of the tip 6.
  • the nitriding carried out by laser remelting in a nitrogen atmosphere enables nitrides to form without the need for a thermal treatment, making the process quicker and able to be localized, i.e. the nitriding need not be applied to all of the surfaces of the valve 1, but only to the regions subject to the greatest wear.
  • the method achieves high thicknesses of the nitride layer, with layers of up to 500 microns thick and with high hardness and high nitride content being able to be obtained, this enabling a finishing method to be carried out.
  • the nitrided layer 10 is obtained using a nitriding process by remelting in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere, the remelting process being carried out with a tungsten electrode (TIG - tungsten inert gas) or else using an electron beam (EBW - electron beam welding), both processes being carried out in atmospheres containing at least 50% by volume of nitrogen.
  • a tungsten electrode TMG - tungsten inert gas
  • EBW - electron beam welding electron beam
  • a comparative study of the parameters of the laser remelting process was carried out to assess the characteristics of the nitrided layer 10 as a function of the nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the process used a laser beam with a diameter of between 0.5 and 6 millimetres, preferably 0.5 millimetres, an angle of incidence of the laser of between 75° and 110°, preferably 90°, a laser speed of between 5.0 and 60 mm/s (millimetres per second), preferably 8.0 mm/s, and a laser power of between 200 and 3000 watts, preferably 300 watts.
  • sample A a first sample, hereinafter referred to as sample A, was subjected to a laser remelting process in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere with a minimum nitrogen flow of 8 l/min (litres per minute), preferably between 10 l/min and 15 l/min, and a second sample, hereinafter referred to as sample B, was subjected to the same laser remelting process, but with no nitrogen-rich atmosphere, i.e. with zero nitrogen flow.
  • sample B a second sample
  • Figure 3 is a photograph of the nitrided layer 10 obtained with sample A
  • Figure 4 is a photograph of the nitrided layer 10 obtained with sample B.
  • a nitrided layer 10 between 150 and 500 microns deep, preferably between 200 and 300 microns deep, was obtained, with a maximum surface deformation of 20 microns.
  • a comparative analysis by wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) shows a higher incorporation of nitrogen, up to 10% by weight of nitrogen, on the surface of the tip 6 of the valve 1 of the present invention when a nitrogen atmosphere is used (sample A). Conversely, a greater quantity of oxygen, up to 13% by weight of oxygen, is incorporated when a nitrogen atmosphere is not used (sample B).
  • the hardness obtained on the surface of the tip 6 of the valve 1 is between 1100 HV and 2000 HV, while the hardness obtained at a depth of 200 microns into the thickness of the nitrided layer 10 is at least 700 HV, as shown in Figure 5 .
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • the analysis carried out confirmed the existence of nitrides on the surface of the tip 6 of the valve 1 and a study was performed of how the nitrides behave through the depth of the nitrided layer 10, to enable the nitrided layer 10 to have improved wear resistance.
  • TiN titanium nitrides
  • AlTiN 2 aluminium-titanium nitrides
  • the graph in Figure 6 shows the content of the phases found through the depth of the thickness of the nitrided layer 10.
  • Sample A treated with a nitrogen atmosphere, had at least 35% of titanium nitrides (TiN) and at least 47% of aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTi2), containing at least 82% of nitrides (TiN + AlTiN 2 ) on the surface of the nitrided layer 10.
  • sample A had at least 50% by volume of titanium nitrides (TiN) and at least 19% by volume of aluminium-titanium nitrides (AlTiN 2 ), containing at least 69% of nitrides (TiN + AlTiN 2 ) to a depth of at least 50 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer 10.
  • sample B treated in an atmosphere without nitrogen, had just 16% of titanium nitrides (TiN) and a predominance of 82% of titanium oxides (TiO) on the surface of the nitrided layer 10, and 38% of titanium nitrides and/or titanium aluminium nitrides (TiN and/or AlTiN 2 ) with a predominance of 48% of titanium oxides (TiO) to a depth of at least 50 microns in the thickness of the nitrided layer 10.
  • TiN titanium nitrides
  • TiO titanium oxides
  • the application of the laser in an environment that includes nitrogen ensures the formation of nitrides through the depth of the thickness of the nitrided layer 10.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show the graphical results obtained from a durability test carried out in order to measure the resulting depth of wear for valves in the prior art that include nitrided steel, obtained by induction hardening, and the titanium valves according to the present invention that include the nitrided layer 10 obtained by the remelting process.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show that the resulting wear of the nitrided-steel valves (prior art) and the titanium valves treated by remelting (present invention) was similar, around 2.1 to 2.8 microns.
  • the valve 1 according to the present invention has a single region of greater wear, up to 4.6 microns, which is nonetheless very advantageous and enables the replacement of the steel lash cap on the tip of the valve.
  • the other valves show wear similar to the treated-steel valve, i.e. less than 2.8 microns in the other regions of the surface thereof.
  • the presence of large quantities of titanium nitrides and/or aluminium-titanium nitrides on the surface of the tip 6 of the valve 1 provides high wear resistance, achieving wear resistance similar to valves made of hardened steels, but with less weight on account of the use of a titanium alloy. Furthermore, the valve 1 according to the present invention can achieve the same strength as a titanium valve that uses the steel lash cap.
  • Figure 9 shows graphical results for an analysis carried out by X-ray diffraction, demonstrating that the wear resistance is guaranteed up to approximately 270 microns from the treated surface, since same has at least 50% of hard nitride phases, such as TiN and AlTiN 2 .
  • This replacement of the steel lash cap with the nitrided layer 10 has advantages in terms of the method, since same comprises just one part and one step, as well as advantages in terms of the product on account of the elimination of the steel lash cap, which is liable to become detached and to cause damage to the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Ventil (1) für Brennkraftmaschinen, welche mit einem eine Titanlegierung beinhaltenden Körper oder Substrat (8) versehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Region des Ventils (1) eine nitrierte Schicht (10) aufweist, welche durch Titannitride (TiN) und Aluminium-Titannitride (AlTiN2) gebildet wird.
  2. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nitrierte Schicht (10) zumindest 50 Vol.-% Titannitride (TiN) und Aluminium-Titannitride (AlTiN2) bis zu einer Tiefe von zumindest 50 µm der Dicke der nitrierten Schicht (10) umfasst.
  3. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der nitrierten Schicht (10) bis zu 500 µm beträgt.
  4. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberflächenhärte der nitrierten Schicht (10) zwischen 1100 HV und 2000 HV beträgt.
  5. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte der nitrierten Schicht (10) bis zu einer Tiefe von zumindest 200 µm in der Dicke der nitrierten Schicht (10) zumindest 700 HV beträgt.
  6. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nitrierte Schicht (10) auf alle Oberflächen des Ventils (1) aufgebracht wird.
  7. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nitrierte Schicht (10) auf eine Region aufgebracht wird, welche der Spitze (6) des Ventils (1) entspricht.
  8. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Substrat (8) aus der Titanlegierung hergestellt wird, welche zwischen 5,5 Gew.-% und 6,75 Gew.-% Aluminium, und zwischen 3,5 Gew.-% und 4,5 Gew.-% Vanadium beträgt, wobei der Rest Titan und Verunreinigungen sind.
  9. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Substrat (8) aus der Titanlegierung hergestellt ist, welche zwischen 5,5 Gew.-% und 6,75 Gew.-% Aluminium, zwischen 1,30 Gew.-% und 2,00 Gew.-% Eisen, zwischen 0,07 Gew.-% und 0,13 Gew.-% Silizium und zwischen 0,15 Gew.-% und 0,20 Gew.-% Sauerstoff enthält, wobei der Rest Titan und Verunreinigungen sind.
  10. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Substrat (8) aus der Titanlegierung hergestellt ist, welche zwischen 5,5 Gew.-% und 6,75 Gew.-% Aluminium, zwischen 2,4 Gew.-% und 3,00 Gew.-% Zinn, zwischen 3,50 Gew.-% und 4,50 Gew.-% Zirkonium, zwischen 0,35 Gew.-% und 0,50 Gew.-% Silizium und zwischen 0,35 Gew.-% und 0,50 Gew.-% Molybdän enthält, wobei der Rest Titan und Verunreinigungen sind.
  11. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Substrat (8) aus der Titanlegierung hergestellt ist, welche zwischen 5,5 Gew.-% und 6,75 Gew.-% Aluminium, zwischen 1,80 Gew.-% und 2,20 Gew.-% Zinn, zwischen 3,60 Gew.-% und 4,40 Gew.-% Zirkonium, zwischen 0,06 Gew.-% und 0,13 Gew.-% Silizium und zwischen 1,80 Gew.-% und 2,20 Gew.-% Molybdän enthält, wobei der Rest Titan und Verunreinigungen sind.
  12. Ventil (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Ansaugventil (1) ist.
  13. Verfahren zum Erhalten eines Ventils (1) für Brennkraftmaschinen, wobei das Ventil (1) einen Körper oder ein Substrat (8) aufweist, welche aus einer Titanlegierung hergestellt sind, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    Schritt i) Schmieden und Spanen der Form des Ventils (1),
    Schritt ii) Nitrieren zumindest einer Region des Ventils (1), um eine nitrierte Schicht (10) zu erhalten,
    Schritt iii) Fertigstellen durch Spanen,
    wobei der Schritt des Nitrierens ii) durch Laserumschmelzen in einer stickstoffreichen Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird,
    wobei ein zusätzlicher Schritt der thermischen Oxidation und des Polierens optional für zumindest eine Region des Ventils (1) zwischen den Schritten i) und ii) durchgeführt wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Nitrierens ii) in einer Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird, welche zumindest 50 Vol.-% Stickstoff enthält.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Nitrierens ii) durch Laserumschmelzen einen Laserstrahl mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,5 und 6,0 Millimeter, einen Einfallswinkel zwischen 75° und 110°, eine Lasergeschwindigkeit zwischen 5,0 und 60 Millimeter pro Sekunde und eine Laserleistung zwischen 200 und 3000 Watt, bei einem minimalen Stickstoffstrom von 8 Litern pro Minute verwendet.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt iii) des Fertigstellens durch Spanen Entfernen von Material von der behandelten Oberfläche bis zu einer Tiefe von 70 µm beinhaltet.
  17. Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zumindest ein Ventil (1) wie in Anspruch 1 definiert beinhaltet.
EP18194008.1A 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren Active EP3623591B1 (de)

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61126312A (ja) * 1984-11-21 1986-06-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd きのこ状弁
US4852531A (en) 1988-03-10 1989-08-01 Dynamet Technology Inc. Titanium poppet valve
US5051140A (en) 1989-03-23 1991-09-24 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Surface treatment method for titanium or titanium alloy
JP3018804B2 (ja) * 1991-12-13 2000-03-13 トヨタ自動車株式会社 チタン系合金部材の表面処理法
DK0722510T3 (da) * 1993-10-06 1999-11-01 Univ Birmingham Fremgangsmåde til dannelse af et titanlegeringsprodukt
US5441235A (en) 1994-05-20 1995-08-15 Eaton Corporation Titanium nitride coated valve and method for making
BR102014016213A2 (pt) * 2014-06-30 2016-02-10 Mahle Int Gmbh válvula para motores de combustão interna e processo para obtenção de uma válvula

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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