EP3609986A1 - Amines alcoxylées utilisées comme additifs pour carburants - Google Patents

Amines alcoxylées utilisées comme additifs pour carburants

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Publication number
EP3609986A1
EP3609986A1 EP18720112.4A EP18720112A EP3609986A1 EP 3609986 A1 EP3609986 A1 EP 3609986A1 EP 18720112 A EP18720112 A EP 18720112A EP 3609986 A1 EP3609986 A1 EP 3609986A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
propylene
chain
independently
group
ethylene
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP18720112.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3609986B1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Hansch
Jochen Mezger
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
    • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the present invention describes alkoxylated amines as fuel additives for reducing injector deposits in direct injection gasoline engines.
  • butoxylated polyetheramines of mono- or polyamines as additives in fuels for gasoline engines.
  • the polyetheramines show a reduction of deposits on the inlet valves.
  • the polyetheramines are prepared by butoxylation of alkanols followed by reductive amination of the resulting products with mono- or polyamines.
  • the polyetheramines therefore carry no free hydroxyl groups, but alkyl-capped Butylenoxidketten.
  • WO 201 1/076949 discloses the use of mixed ethoxylated / propoxylated polyetheramines of monoamines in alcohol-containing gasoline fuels for improving fuel consumption and / or reducing deposits on inlet valves and / or injection nozzles.
  • polyether amines such as tridecanol or isotridecanol propoxylate and / or butoxylate ammonia reaction products in fuels.
  • R is a divalent organic radical, preferably a 2 to 10 carbon atoms containing alkylene radical
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 independently of one another denote hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical or a radical - [- Xi-] n -H or R 1 and R 2 together and together with the nitrogen atom can form a five- to seven-membered ring, preferably hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a radical - [- Xi-] n -H, w is a positive integer and
  • x, y and z are independently zero or a positive integer
  • n is a positive integer
  • -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -CH 2 -O- very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -O-, -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -CH 2 -O -, CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -O- and -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O-, and in particular selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -O- and -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O-, with the proviso that - the sum of x, y and z is not equal to zero
  • At least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is not hydrogen and
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is a radical - [- Xi-] n -H, in gasoline fuels to prevent and / or reduce the formation of deposits on injection nozzles in Direct injection gasoline engines and / or removal and / or reduction of existing deposits on injectors in direct injection gasoline engines.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are preferred.
  • the compounds satisfy the formula (III)
  • R 1 , R 2 and Xi have the abovementioned meanings and p and q independently of one another denote a positive integer.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 independently of one another represent hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical or R 1 and R 2 may together and together with the nitrogen atom form a five- to seven-membered ring.
  • Preferred monovalent organic radicals are C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl, C 1 - to C 12 -cycloalkyl, C 6 - to C 12 -aryl or a radical - [- Xi-] n -H, particularly preferably C 1 - to C 1 -alkyl, C 2 - to C6- cycloalkyl, Ce to Ci2-aryl or a radical - [- Xi-] n -H, most preferably particularly preferably Cr to C4-alkyl, in particular methyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are both the same and in each case C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl and particularly preferably methyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 together and together with the nitrogen atom form a five- to seven-membered ring, especially a five- or six-membered ring, and more preferably a six-membered ring.
  • at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is not hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R applies 6 is a radical - [- Xi-] n -H, preferably at least two of the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are a radical - [- Xi-] n -H.
  • R is a divalent organic radical, preferably an alkylene radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, most preferably a 2 or 3 carbon atoms alkylene radical and especially a 3 carbon atoms having alkylene radical.
  • R 1 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 5-pentylene, 1, 6-hexylene , 1, 8-octylene or 1, 10-decylene, particularly preferably 1, 2-ethylene,
  • w is a positive integer, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, particularly preferably 1, 2 or 3, very particularly preferably 1 or 2 and in particular 1.
  • x, y and z are independently positive integers, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 1, 2 or 3, most preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1.
  • the sum of x, y and z is preferably not greater than 10, particularly preferably not greater than 8, very particularly preferably not greater than 6 and in particular not greater than 5.
  • n, p and q independently of one another are a positive integer from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 25, particularly preferably from 2 to 20 and very particularly preferably from 5 to 15.
  • the sum of p and q is preferably from 2 to 50, particularly preferably from 5 to 40, very particularly preferably from 10 to 30 and in particular from 12 to 27.
  • C 1 - to C 2 o-alkyl are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- Octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-decyl, 2-propylheptyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl and n-eicosyl.
  • C 1 -C 10 -alkyl examples are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl , 2-ethylhexyl, n-decyl and 2-propylheptyl.
  • C 1 to C 4 -alkyl are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and n-butyl, preferably methyl, ethyl and n-butyl, particularly preferably Methl and ethyl and most preferably methyl.
  • C 1 -C 12 -cycloalkyl examples are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl and cyclododecyl; cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl are preferred.
  • C6 to C12 aryl examples include phenyl, tolyl, ethylphenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, xylyl and naphthyl.
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 are methyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 are ethyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 are n-butyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 4-Butylenkette
  • R be 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 5-pentylene chain
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ ethylene and R 1 and R 2 together are a 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene chain ng) R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 are methyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 are ethyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 n-butyl
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 4-Butylenkette
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 5-pentylene chain
  • R is 1, 2- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together form a 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene chain
  • R is 1, 3- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 are methyl
  • R is 1, 3- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 are ethyl
  • R is 1, 3- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 n-butyl
  • R is 1, 3- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 4-Butylenkette
  • R is 1, 3 ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 1, 5-pentylene chain
  • R is 1, 3- ⁇ propylene and R 1 and R 2 together a 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene chain Among these, compounds (II Ig) are particularly preferred.
  • the described compounds are used according to the invention to avoid or reduce the formation of deposits on direct injection injectors and / or to remove or reduce existing deposits during operation of direct injection gasoline engines with gasoline fuels.
  • Another object of the present invention are fuel additive concentrates containing
  • (A) at least one compound of the formula (I), (II) or (III), preferably (I) or (III) and particularly preferably (III), and
  • alkoxylated amines amines having primary and / or secondary amino groups
  • amines having primary and / or secondary amino groups are known in principle, for example it is described in HL Sanders et al., Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 1969, 46, 167-170 and WO 2013 / 076024.
  • the alkoxylation of amines and polyamines takes place in two stages: First, enough alkylene oxide is used to achieve an average degree of alkoxylation of from 0.5 to 1.5, preferably from 0.75 to 1.25 mol of alkylene oxide per NH function. This step is usually carried out in the presence of water (preferably 0.5-10.0% by weight, based on the amine used), but can also be carried out in the absence of water. The reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably 90 ° C to 160 ° C. The alkylene oxide is preferably metered in a period of 1 to 10 h.
  • polyalkylene oxide chains takes place under base catalysis after removal of the solvent, in particular water.
  • basic catalysts for example, a potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium methoxide or sodium methoxide, preferably potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
  • the structure of the alkoxylated amines can also be carried out in one stage, with potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium acetate or sodium acetate being used as possible catalysts.
  • the reaction can also take place without a catalyst since the amine used can itself catalyze the alkoxylation (see Mihail Jonescu, Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes, Rapra Technology Limited, 2005).
  • the Alkyenoxide usually contain 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Possible alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, 1,2-pentene oxide, 1,2-dodecene oxide, styrene oxide.
  • Possible alkylene oxides also include glycidyl ethers, for example 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether. Particularly preferred are propylene oxide and 1, 2-butylene oxide.
  • alkali or alkaline earth metals can be removed by adsorption on magnesium silicates (commercial products Ambosol® or Magnesol®). Potassium ions can be removed by precipitation with phosphoric acid as potassium hydrogen phosphate followed by filtration. Alkali or alkaline earth metals can also be removed by means of regenerable ion exchangers, wherein the alkoxylated amine can also be dissolved in a solvent.
  • the compounds (A) according to the invention can be added to the fuels to be additive individually or in admixture with other effective additive components (coadditives).
  • detergent additives detergency additives and / or valve seat wear-inhibiting effect
  • This detergent additive has at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20,000 and at least one polar grouping selected from:
  • the hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the above detergent additives which provides sufficient solubility in the fuel, has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 85 to 20,000, in particular from 1 13 to 10,000, especially from 300 to 5000.
  • Mn number average molecular weight
  • amines such as, for example, ammonia, monoamines or polyamines, such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine, can be used here.
  • Corresponding additives based on polypropene are described in particular in WO-A-94/24231.
  • monoamino groups (a) containing additives are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A-196 20 262.
  • Carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (d) containing additives are preferably copolymers of C2-C4o-olefins with maleic anhydride having a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, their carboxyl groups wholly or partially to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining radical of the carboxyl groups Alcohols or amines are implemented.
  • Such additives are known in particular from EP-A-307 815.
  • Such additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A-87/01 126, can be advantageously used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (e) containing additives are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a Sulfobernsteinklakylesters, as described in particular in EP-A-639 632.
  • Such additives are primarily used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used to advantage in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Polyoxy-C2-C4-alkylene (f) containing additives are preferably polyether or polyetheramines, which by reaction of C2-C6o-alkanols, C6-C3o-alkanediols, mono- or di-C2-C3o-alkylamines, Ci-C3o-Alkylcyclohexanolen or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols having 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of polyetheramines, are obtainable by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
  • Such products are described in particular in EP-A-310 875, EP-A-356 725, EP-A-700 985 and US-A-4 877 416.
  • polyethers such products also meet carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, Isononylphenolbutoxylate and polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • Carboxyl ester groups (g) containing additives are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, especially those having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C, as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918 are described.
  • mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and of isotridecanol. Such products also meet carrier oil properties.
  • derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
  • Such gasoline additives are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,849,572.
  • Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines generated groupings (i) containing additives are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
  • Such "polyisobutene-Mannich bases" are described in particular in EP-A-831 141.
  • the additive formulations according to the invention can moreover be combined with still further customary components and additives.
  • carrier oils are primarily carrier oils without pronounced detergent action to call.
  • Suitable mineral carrier oils are fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as bright stock or base oils with viscosities such as from class SN 500-2000; but also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols.
  • Another useful fraction is a fraction known as "hydrocrack oil” and obtained from the refining of mineral oil (vacuum distillate section having a boiling range of about 360 to 500 ° C., obtainable from high pressure, catalytically hydrogenated and isomerized and deproteinized natural mineral oil).
  • mineral oil vacuum distillate section having a boiling range of about 360 to 500 ° C., obtainable from high pressure, catalytically hydrogenated and isomerized and deproteinized natural mineral oil.
  • mixtures of the abovementioned mineral carrier oils are also suitable.
  • Examples of synthetic carrier oils which can be used according to the invention are selected from: polyolefins (polyalphaolefins or polyinternalolefins), (poly) esters, (poly) alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyetheramines, alkylphenol-initiated polyethers, alkylphenol-initiated polyetheramines and carboxylic esters of long-chain alkanols.
  • Examples of particularly suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers containing about 5 to 35 C3 to C6 alkylene oxide units, usually selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and isobutylene oxide units or mixtures thereof.
  • Nonlimiting examples of starter alcohols suitable for this purpose are long-chain alkanols or long-chain alkyl-substituted phenols, where the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C6-to-de-alkyl radical. Preferred examples of this are tridecanol, heptadecanol and nonylphenol.
  • Suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds containing polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene groups which are obtained by reacting C 2 -C 60
  • Such products are described in particular in EPA-310 875, EP-A-356 725, EP-A-700 985 and US-A-4,877,416.
  • polyetheramines poly-C 2 -C 6 -alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof can be used. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotndecanolbutoxylate, heptadecanol or Isoheptadecanolbutoxyla- te, Isononylphenolbutoxylate and Polyisobutenolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols are, in particular, esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as are described in particular in US Pat DE-A-38 38 918 are described.
  • mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and of isotridecanol, for example di (n- or iso-tridecyl) phthalate or di- (isoheptadecyl) phthalate.
  • Examples of particularly suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers containing from about 5 to 35, preferably from about 5 to 30, more preferably from 7 to 25, C3-C6 alkylene oxide units, e.g. selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and i-butylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof, preferably selected from propylene oxide and i-butylene oxide units.
  • suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or long-chain alkyl-substituted phenols, where the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C6-Cis-alkyl radical.
  • alkanols include decanol, tridecanol, heptadecanol and nonylphenol, particularly preferably branched decanol, tridecanol and heptadecanol.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A-10 102 913 B3) Further co-additives
  • corrosion inhibitors for example based on film-forming ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids or of heterocyclic aromatics in the case of non-ferrous metal corrosion protection;
  • Preferred corrosion inhibitors are mono-, di- and polycarboxylic acids which have at least 12 carbon atoms, preferably at least 14, more preferably at least 16 and most preferably at least 18 carbon atoms, and preferably have no further functionalities other than hydrocarbon radicals and carboxyl groups.
  • fatty acids dimer fatty acids, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic acids and hydrolyzed olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers
  • dodecanoic acid lauric acid
  • tridecanoic acid tetradecanoic acid
  • pentadecanoic acid palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid ),
  • Nonadecanoic acid arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid), cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid), tria-conta- nic acid (melissic acid), palmitoleic acid [(9Z) -hexadec-9-enoic acid], oleic acid [(9Z)
  • antioxidants or stabilizers for example based on amines such as p-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine or derivatives thereof or of phenols such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-. hydroxyphenyl propionic acid; demulsifiers; Antistatic agents; Metallocenes such as ferrocene; methylcyclopentadienyl; Lubricity improvers (other than the triazoles according to the invention), such as certain fatty acids, alkenylsuccinic esters, bis (hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines, hydroxyacetamides or castor oil; as well as dyes (markers).
  • amines are added to lower the pH of the fuel.
  • solvents are, for example, aromatics, such as solvent naphtha, preferably naphthalene-depleted solvent naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene, kerosene with an aromatic content of less than 50% by volume, a sulfur content of less than 10 mg / kg and a flash point according to DIN EN ISO 13736: 2000 -04 above 60 ° C and higher alcohols having a flash point according to DIN EN ISO 13736: 2000-04 above 60 ° C, preferably 2-ethylhexanol or 2-propylheptanol.
  • aromatics such as solvent naphtha, preferably naphthalene-depleted solvent naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene, kerosene with an aromatic content of less than 50% by volume, a sulfur content of less than 10 mg / kg and a flash point according to DIN EN ISO 13736: 2000 -04 above 60 ° C and higher alcohols having a
  • the components or additives may be added to the fuel individually or as a previously prepared concentrate (additive package) together with the compound (A) according to the invention.
  • the said detergent additives (B1) with the polar groups (a) to (i) are added to the fuel usually in an amount of 10 to 5000 ppm by weight, in particular 50 to 1000 ppm by weight.
  • the other components and additives mentioned are added, if desired, in customary amounts.
  • a preferred embodiment is fuel additive concentrates containing,
  • the fuel additive concentrates are composed as follows,
  • the additive compositions according to the invention can be used in all conventional gasoline fuels, as described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Ed. 1990, Vol. A16, p. 719 et seq. Therefore, a further subject of the present invention is fuel compositions comprising,
  • a gasoline having an aromatic content of at most 60 e.g. a maximum of 42 or a maximum of 35% by volume and / or a maximum sulfur content of 2000, e.g. maximum 150 or maximum 10 ppm by weight possible.
  • the aromatics content of the gasoline is, for example, from 0 to 50, e.g. 30 to 42 vol.%, In particular 32 to 40 vol.%, Or at most 35 vol.%.
  • the sulfur content of the gasoline is, for example, 2 to 500, e.g. 5 to 100 ppm by weight, or maximally 0 ppm by weight.
  • the gasoline may, for example, have an olefin content of up to 50% by volume, e.g. from 6 to 21% by volume, especially 7 to 18% by volume; a benzene content of up to 5% by volume, e.g. 0.5 to 1.0% by volume, in particular 0.6 to 0.9% by volume and / or an oxygen content of up to 25% by volume, such as e.g. up to 10 wt .-% or 1, 0 to 2.7 wt .-%, in particular from 1, 2 to 2.0 wt .-%, have.
  • an olefin content of up to 50% by volume, e.g. from 6 to 21% by volume, especially 7 to 18% by volume
  • a benzene content of up to 5% by volume e.g. 0.5 to 1.0% by volume, in particular 0.6 to 0.9% by volume
  • an oxygen content of up to 25% by volume such as e.g. up to 10 wt .-% or 1, 0 to 2.7 w
  • gasoline fuels may be mentioned by way of example, which at the same time have an aromatic content of not more than 38 or 35% by volume, an olefin content of not more than 21% by volume, a sulfur content of not more than 50 or 10 ppm by weight, a benzene content of not more than 1, 0 vol .-% and an oxygen content of 1, 0 to 2.7 wt .-% have.
  • the content of alcohols and ethers in gasoline can vary over a wide range.
  • Examples of typical maximum contents for methanol are 15% by volume, for ethanol 85% by volume, for isopropanol 20% by volume, for tert-butanol 15% by volume, for isobutanol 20% by volume and for ethers with 5 or more C atoms in the molecule 30 vol .-%.
  • the summer vapor pressure of the gasoline is usually not more than 70 kPa, in particular 60 kPa (each at 37 ° C).
  • the ROZ of the gasoline is usually 75 to 105.
  • a common range for the corresponding MOZ is 65 to 95.
  • the specified specifications are determined by conventional methods (DIN EN 228).
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention is fuel compositions containing,
  • At least one alcohol preferably at least one C 1 -C 4 -alkanol, particularly preferably methanol or ethanol, very particularly preferably ethanol.
  • the dosage is such that the compound (A) according to the invention in the fuel in amounts of 10 to 5000 Gew.ppm, preferably in amounts of 20-2000 Gew.ppm, more preferably in amounts of 30-1000 Gew.ppm, very particularly preferred in amounts of 40-500 ppm by weight, in particular in quantities of 50-300 ppm by weight and especially in quantities of 10-100 ppm by weight.
  • the contents of the other co-additives in the fuel result from the amounts given above for the fuel additive concentrates in relation to the component (A).
  • DMAPA 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine (CAS 109-55-7) from BASF SE
  • BuO 1,2-butylene oxide (CAS 106-88-7) from BASF SE
  • Quadrol L® from BASF SE ethylenediaminex4PO
  • DETA diethylenetriamine from BASF SE, CAS 1 1 1 -40-0
  • Ambosol® Hydrated magnesium silicate from PQ Corporation.
  • Viscosities and densities were determined with a Stabinger viscometer according to ASTM D7042.
  • DMAPA 8.8 g, 4.0 mol
  • water 4.1 g, fully desalted
  • the reactor was rendered inert with nitrogen, then heated to 130 ° C and adjusted to a pressure of 2.0 bar absolute with nitrogen.
  • Propylene oxide (465 g, 8.0 mol) was metered in over a period of 6 h.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to react at 130 ° C. for 6 h, cooled to 50 ° C., the reactor was purged with nitrogen and the product was left to drain off. The product was then freed from low boilers on a rotary evaporator (90 ° C / 10 mbar / 2 h).
  • the product was freed from low boilers on a rotary evaporator (90 ° C / 10 mbar / 2 h). The product was then treated with 73 g of ammonium bosol®, stirred for 2 h at 80 ° C and filtered using a pressure filter suction filter (filter medium Seitz K 150 depth filter). This gave 2412 g of the product (99.9% of theory) in the form of a yellow oil.
  • the product was freed from low boilers on a rotary evaporator (90 ° C / 10 mbar / 2 h). Subsequently, the product was mixed with 30 g of Ambosol®, stirred for 2 h at 80 ° C./100 mbar and filtered with the aid of a pressure filter suction filter (Seitz K 900 depth filter filter medium). The product was obtained in the form of a yellow oil.
  • the formulations were single-phase and showed no phase separations or precipitations when stored for 6 weeks at -10 ° C, as when stored at -5 ° C for 3 months.
  • the check of valve sticking behavior was carried out by investigations in the VW Wasserboxer test according to CEC F-16-T-96.
  • the base fuel used was a Euro Super fuel in accordance with EN 228. It was tested according to the criteria of the test specification, whether a "pass" (no valve sticking in three consecutive test runs) or a "fail” (valve sticking in the first, second or third consecutive test runs ).
  • the sticking of the valve is noticeable by the fact that the engine can only be started with a delay or not at all. In order to enable a differentiation, it was deliberately tested at the limit of expected valve sticking.
  • the stated dosage amounts of the respective additives in ppm by weight relate to the total amount of the gasoline formulation used.
  • the fuel was mixed with 80 ppm by weight of the specified products from the synthesis examples or formulations and determined over the term of the FR value.
  • the FR value is a parameter created by the engine control and corresponds to the injection time of the engine Stoffs in the combustion chamber. If the FR value increases during the test run, this indicates deposits on the injection nozzle, the larger the increase, the more deposits have formed. By contrast, if the FR value remains constant or even drops during the course of a residual run, the injection nozzle remains free of deposits.
  • combustion chamber deposits are determined (deposits on the top of the piston: PTD, deposits in the cylinder head: CHD).
  • the FR value initially drops to reach 0 again after approx. 30 hours and reaches a final value of +2.60 after 50 hours of running time.
  • Test Run 2 Add 80 ppm by weight of the compound from Synthesis Example 2 to the fuel
  • the FR value decreases permanently and reaches a final value of -2.00 after 50 hours running time.
  • Test Run 3 Add 80 ppm by weight of the compound from Synthesis Example 3 to the fuel
  • the FR value decreases permanently and reaches a final value of -1.58 after 50 hours of running time - again rising slightly.
  • the FR value reaches a value of 7.0 after 80 hours (dirty-up). Thereafter, the fuel is 65 ppm and 55 ppm PIBA polyetheramine of Preparation Example B of EP700985 (iso-C 3 H270 (CH2CHEtO) 2i- (CH 2 Chet) -NH 2) was added. After another 20 h running time, a FR value of 4.1 is reached (clean-up). The relative clean-up is 41%.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des amines alcoxylées utilisées comme additifs de carburants pour réduire les dépôts formés sur les injecteurs dans les moteurs essence à injection directe.
EP18720112.4A 2017-04-11 2018-04-03 Des amines alcoxylées pour additifs de carburant Active EP3609986B1 (fr)

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EP17165955 2017-04-11
PCT/EP2018/058398 WO2018188982A1 (fr) 2017-04-11 2018-04-03 Amines alcoxylées utilisées comme additifs pour carburants

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CN110494534A (zh) 2019-11-22
US11130923B2 (en) 2021-09-28
SG11201909437RA (en) 2019-11-28
AU2018253240A1 (en) 2019-10-17
US20200102515A1 (en) 2020-04-02
WO2018188982A1 (fr) 2018-10-18
RU2019135830A (ru) 2021-05-11

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