EP3608535B1 - Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine - Google Patents

Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3608535B1
EP3608535B1 EP18188151.7A EP18188151A EP3608535B1 EP 3608535 B1 EP3608535 B1 EP 3608535B1 EP 18188151 A EP18188151 A EP 18188151A EP 3608535 B1 EP3608535 B1 EP 3608535B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radial piston
piston machine
machine according
lobes
hydrostatic radial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18188151.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3608535A1 (de
Inventor
John HUTCHESON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to EP18188151.7A priority Critical patent/EP3608535B1/de
Publication of EP3608535A1 publication Critical patent/EP3608535A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3608535B1 publication Critical patent/EP3608535B1/de
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/22Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder
    • F03C1/24Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
    • F03C1/247Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement, the connection of the pistons with an actuated element being at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/003Reciprocating-piston liquid engines controlling
    • F03C1/004Reciprocating-piston liquid engines controlling speed-control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0403Details, component parts specially adapted of such engines
    • F03C1/0425Disconnecting the pistons from the actuated cam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0447Controlling
    • F03C1/045Controlling by using a valve in a system with several pump or motor chambers, wherein the flow path through the chambers can be changed, e.g. series-parallel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0435Arrangements for disconnecting the pistons from the actuated cam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/06Control
    • F04B1/063Control by using a valve in a system with several pumping chambers wherein the flow-path through the chambers can be changed, e.g. between series and parallel flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/10Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • F04B1/113Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary with actuating or actuated elements at the inner ends of the cylinders
    • F04B1/1133Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary with actuating or actuated elements at the inner ends of the cylinders with rotary cylinder blocks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F04B49/03Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrostatic radial piston machine.
  • Machines typically comprise a plurality of pistons pressed against a cam body via rollers, wherein the cam body has a plurality of lobes on its periphery.
  • the pistons are accommodated in cylinder holes of an internal cylinder block and thus enclose working spaces.
  • the piston performs working strokes, whose number corresponds to the number of lobes of the cam body.
  • the cylinder block can rotate relative to the cam body, or the cam body rotates relative to the cylinder block.
  • the motor When the radial piston machine is used as a motor, to which, e.g., a wheel of a mobile working machine is coupled in a rotationally-fixed manner, the motor is towed along in an overrun operation, e.g., when the mobile working machine rolls downhill.
  • US 3,999,465 discloses a radial piston motor with magnets on the pistons, via which all pistons can be retracted radially inwards into the associated cylinder holes and can be held there. With this, the rollers of the pistons are lifted from the lobes of the cam body. Then, the cam body of the motor of US 3,999,465 can rotate freely in a towing operation.
  • radial piston machines are known that can operate in different displacement modes, e.g. a motor with two different speeds. This can be achieved by turning off the pressure supply to the pistons related to only some of the lobes. These lobes are allocated in a so called switchable group. A reduced displacement mode is achieved by interrupting the pressure to each piston in turn as it passes through the angular extent of the lobes of the switchable group.
  • a motor is disclosed by the applicant in RE 15199: "Radial piston motor for integrated drives MCR-H" Edition 03.2017.
  • both flanks of the lobes of the switchable group are connected via a valve with control pressure. The corresponding pistons are towed along, so that under control pressure they carry out braking and wear-inducing idle strokes in a disadvantageous manner.
  • DE 10 2014 212 206 A1 shows a hydrostatic radial piston machine.
  • the pistons of an inactive group are lifted hydraulically from the cam body by adjusting a pressure difference between the interior space and corresponding work space.
  • It is an object of the invention to provide a hydrostatic radial piston machine comprising one group of lobes which is always active and comprising at least a further group of lobes, which can be activated and deactivated in order to realize at least two different displacement modes of the radial piston machine.
  • the first group is called active group and the second group is called switchable group. In the reduced displacement mode the machine shall have higher efficiency than current state of the art.
  • the hydrostatic radial piston machine comprises lobes arranged in a circumferential direction on a cam body, each lobe comprising a lobe portion or flank of rising type and a lobe portion or flank of falling type.
  • Pistons are movable relative to the cam and guided in cylinder holes or cylinder bores which are arranged in a cylinder block radially or in a star-shaped manner.
  • the lobes are divided into an active group and at least one switchable group in order to realize at least two displacement modes of the radial piston machine.
  • the lobes of the switchable group are switched on and activated in the full displacement mode and switched off and deactivated in the reduced displacement mode.
  • the lobes of the active group are active in each displacement mode.
  • each piston is individually pullable into the cylinder block by magnetic force and can be kept there in a retained position when the assigned cylinder hole is in operative connection with a lobe of the switchable group.
  • Operative connection means that the cylinder hole is arranged in an angular range or passes through an angular range assigned to a lobe of the switchable group.
  • the pistons may have a radial distance or gap even to the innermost portions of the lobes in the retained positions of the pistons. In this way, the deactivated lobes are not contacted in any way by the pistons or their rollers in the retained positions of the pistons, thus the efficiency of the machine is optimized.
  • the gap can be provided to account for manufacturing tolerances.
  • a main valve is used to select the displacement mode whose valve body is adjustable to a full displacement position and a reduced displacement position.
  • the main valve is continuously adjustable between the two displacement positions to allow a smooth transition between the two displacement modes.
  • the main valve is preferably a 5/2-way valve, which in the full displacement position connects the cylinder holes being in operative connection with the lobes of the switchable group with the working ports of the radial piston machine, while in the reduced displacement position it connects the cylinder holes being in operative connection with lobes of the switchable group with an interior of a case or with a tank connection or with a leakage connection.
  • the radial piston machine is a motor, wherein the main valve is a speed valve, since it serves for selecting a speed of the motor.
  • the pistons preferably are stepped pistons which have a portion of larger diameter and a portion of smaller diameter.
  • the magnetic force is applied by magnets.
  • Standard magnets can be active all the time as the motor runs. This does not have a detrimental effect on the efficiency of the motor - as well as resisting the outgoing stroke, the magnets aid the return stroke of the pistons, so the effect of having the magnets on all the time as the motor runs is cancelled out over a full stroke of each piston.
  • the magnet only has enough pulling force to hold he piston in when it is very near.
  • the magnets are fixed to the respective piston.
  • the magnets are concentrically accommodated in a blind hole or through hole of the portion of smaller diameter.
  • a diameter of the magnets should be smaller than a diameter of the portions of smaller diameter of the pistons.
  • a length of the magnets may correspond to approximately a length of the portion of smaller diameter.
  • the pistons also can be non stepped pistons.
  • the magnets preferably have smaller diameter than the non stepped pistons.
  • the magnets are fixed in the respective cylinder hole at the cylinder block.
  • the magnets are concentrically accommodated in a blind hole or through hole on one end face of the cylinder hole and/or of the cylinder block.
  • a diameter of the magnets should be smaller than a diameter of the front end of the cylinder hole and/or of the cylinder block.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hydrostatic radial piston machine 1 according to both embodiments of the invention. It has a case 2 formed in sections by a cam body 4.
  • the cam body 4 is circumferentially circular and has six lobes 6a, 6b on its inner side, which are seen here as reductions in the thickness of the cam body 4, i.e. as "valleys".
  • lobes 6a, 6b could also be regarded as mountains.
  • each lobe 6a, 6b has an angle range 8a, 8b of 60°.
  • the radial piston machine 1 of the two embodiments described here is designed as a motor and has a circumferential or rotating case 2 or cam body 4.
  • a stationary cylinder block 10 is arranged in the interior of case 2, in which a number of stepped cylinder holes 12 deviating from the number of lobes 6a, 6b is formed.
  • the respective stepped pistons 14, 14a, 14b are radially guided.
  • Fig. 3 shows a piston from Fig. 1 , on which a roller 16 is rotatably mounted.
  • the piston 14 By applying pressure to the two-part cylinder hole 12, the piston 14 is pressed radially outwards, wherein its roller 16 rolls off the cam body 4 and sets it in rotation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic according to both embodiments of the radial piston machine 1 according to the invention.
  • the group of permanently activated lobes 6a and the group of switchable lobes 6b are shown separately, each with the symbol of a hydraulic motor.
  • the group of permanently activated lobes 6a is always connected via the distributor holes 21 to the two working ports A, B of the machine, while the group of switchable lobes 6b can be activated and deactivated via the distributor holes 21 and via a main valve 22.
  • the main valve 22 is designed as a 5/2-way valve. Its valve body can have a full displacement position y (shown in Fig. 2 ) and a reduced displacement position z. The valve body is preloaded via a spring into the full displacement position y (shown in Fig. 2 ). In this position, the group of switchable lobes 6b is also connected to the working ports A, B. In the reduced displacement position z, which can be switched by a control pressure x, the group of switchable lobes 6b is "short-circuited" and connected to a leakage connection L or to the interior of the case 2a (see Fig. 1 ). More precisely, the openings 20 (cf. Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 and Fig.
  • Fig. 3 shows a piston 14 passing over an innermost portion 24 of the cam body 4.
  • the rotational position of the cam body 4 shown in Fig. 3 is exactly the transition between two lobes 6a, 6b.
  • each transition between two lobes 6a, 6b always also means switching of the relevant cylinder hole 12 or respectively of the relevant piston 14.
  • Piston 14 is designed as a stepped piston 14 and has a circular cylindrical portion of larger diameter 26 on the outer circumference, in which the rotating roller 16 is accommodated. Furthermore, the piston 14 has a circular cylindrical portion of smaller diameter 28, which is also on the outer circumference. A hole 29 is concentrically drilled into this portion 28, the diameter of which corresponds to about half of the diameter of the portion of smaller diameter 28 in the embodiment shown. A magnet 30 is inserted to fit precisely into this bore 29, which is switched by a control unit (not shown) of the radial piston machine 1 at each transition from a lobe 6a, 6b to an adjacent lobe 6a, 6b.
  • the magnet 30 draws the piston 14 radially inwards into the cylinder block 10. This means that the piston 14 does not carry out any wear-inducing and loss energy-generating idle strokes in the corresponding angle ranges 8b.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section of a cylinder block 10 according to the second embodiment of the radial piston machine 1 according to the invention, in which a cylinder hole 12 is shown without piston. It can be seen that a hole 129 is drilled into an inner end face of the cylinder hole 12, so that a portion of larger diameter of cylinder hole 12 and a portion of smaller diameter of cylinder hole 12 and the hole 129 are formed to be circular-cylindrical and are arranged concentrically to each other. A respective radial step is provided in between.
  • a magnet 130 is inserted to fit precisely into hole 129, via which the piston 14 (not shown in Fig. 4 ) can be retracted in principally the same way as in the first embodiment.
  • a lobe according to the invention is not necessarily understood to be only a radially rising portion or flank followed by a radially falling portion or flank of the cam body in the direction of rotation.
  • a lobe may also be understood to be a radially falling portion or flank followed by a radially rising portion or flank of the cam body in either circumferential direction.
  • pistons, cylinder holes and rollers may be provided radially outside of a cam body whose cam surface is on its outer periphery.
  • cylinder holes may be provided as individual elements rather than in an integral cylinder body.
  • the pistons may bear directly on the cam surface, rather than via rollers.
  • the machine of the invention may be a motor and/or a pump.
  • the machine is configured to operate in the full displacement mode and additionally in one or more reduced-displacement modes.
  • the pistons can be retained in their cylinder holes when they pass one of the deactivated lobes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine, Nocken (6a, 6b) umfassend, die in Umfangsrichtung auf einem Nockenkörper (4) angeordnet sind, wobei Kolben (14, 14a, 14b) in Bezug zum Nockenkörper (4) beweglich sind und in Zylinderbohrungen (12) geführt werden, die in einem Zylinderblock (10) radial oder sternenförmig angeordnet sind, wobei die Nocken (6a, 6b) in eine aktive Gruppe (6a) und mindestens eine schaltbare Gruppe (6b) unterteilt sind, um mindestens zwei Verdrängungsmodi der Radialkolbenmaschine umzusetzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Kolben (14, 14a, 14b) durch Magnetkraft einzeln in den Zylinderblock (10) gezogen werden und dort in einer Halteposition gehalten werden kann, wenn die zugehörige Zylinderbohrung (12) mit einer Nocke (6b) der schaltbaren Gruppe wirkverbunden ist.
  2. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 1, die ein Hauptventil (22) aufweist, um den Verdrängungsmodus auszuwählen, eine Vollverdrängungsposition (y) und eine Teilverdrängungsposition (z) umfassend.
  3. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Zylinderbohrungen (12) in der Vollverdrängungsposition (y) in der Wirkverbindung mit den Nocken (6b) der schaltbaren Gruppe mit Arbeitsanschlüssen (A, B) der Radialkolbenmaschine verbunden sind, während die Zylinderbohrungen (12) in der Teilverdrängungsposition (z) in der Wirkverbindung mit den Nocken (6b) der schaltbaren Gruppe mit dem Inneren eines Gehäuses (2) oder mit einem Tankanschluss oder mit einem Leckageanschluss (L) verbunden sind.
  4. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, die ein Motor ist, wobei das Hauptventil (22) ein Geschwindigkeitsventil ist.
  5. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kolben (14, 14a, 14b) Stufenkolben sind, die einen Abschnitt mit einem größeren Durchmesser (26) und einen Abschnitt mit einem kleineren Durchmesser (28) aufweisen.
  6. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Magnetkraft von Magneten (30) aufgebracht wird, die an dem jeweiligen Kolben (14, 14a, 14b) befestigt sind.
  7. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 6, wobei jeder Magnet (30) in einer Bohrung (29) des Abschnitts mit einem kleineren Durchmesser (28) aufgenommen ist.
  8. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei der Durchmesser der Magneten (30) kleiner als der Durchmesser der Abschnitte mit einem kleineren Durchmesser (28) ist.
  9. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach einem Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Magnetkraft von Magneten (130) aufgebracht wird, die in der jeweiligen Zylinderbohrung (12) am Zylinderblock (10) fixiert sind.
  10. Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 9, wobei jeder Magnet (130) in einer Bohrung (129) der Zylinderbohrung (12) und/oder des Zylinderblocks (10) aufgenommen ist.
EP18188151.7A 2018-08-09 2018-08-09 Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine Active EP3608535B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18188151.7A EP3608535B1 (de) 2018-08-09 2018-08-09 Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18188151.7A EP3608535B1 (de) 2018-08-09 2018-08-09 Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine

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EP3608535A1 EP3608535A1 (de) 2020-02-12
EP3608535B1 true EP3608535B1 (de) 2021-06-09

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4299879A1 (de) 2022-06-30 2024-01-03 Robert Bosch GmbH Antriebssystem

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760691A (en) * 1971-12-17 1973-09-25 Deere & Co Step variable displacement hydraulic motor
US3999465A (en) 1974-11-01 1976-12-28 Clark Equipment Company Magnet piston retention for free wheeling
DE102014212206A1 (de) * 2014-06-25 2015-12-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydrostatische Radialkolbenmaschine und hydrostatische Radialkolbeneinheit mit derartigen Radialkolbenmaschinen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4299879A1 (de) 2022-06-30 2024-01-03 Robert Bosch GmbH Antriebssystem
DE102022206651A1 (de) 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Antriebssystem

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