EP3601927A1 - Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape

Info

Publication number
EP3601927A1
EP3601927A1 EP18714591.7A EP18714591A EP3601927A1 EP 3601927 A1 EP3601927 A1 EP 3601927A1 EP 18714591 A EP18714591 A EP 18714591A EP 3601927 A1 EP3601927 A1 EP 3601927A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
orifice
section
fluid
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18714591.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3601927B1 (en
Inventor
Natacha Haik-Beraud
Philippe Grigoletto
Sophie LAZZARINI
Jean-Marc Peyron
Jorge Ernesto TOVAR RAMOS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3601927A1 publication Critical patent/EP3601927A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3601927B1 publication Critical patent/EP3601927B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/18—External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising series of passages for each of the fluids to be placed in heat exchange relationship, the exchanger comprising at least one mixing device configured to dispense at least one two-phase liquid / gas mixture into a series of passages.
  • the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
  • a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
  • the technology commonly used for a heat exchanger is that of brazed plate and finned aluminum exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices with a large exchange surface.
  • These exchangers comprise plates between which are inserted heat exchange waves, formed of a succession of fins or wavelength legs, thus constituting a stack of vaporization passages and condensation passages, one intended to vaporize water. refrigerant and the others to condense a caloric gas.
  • the heat exchanges between the fluids can take place with or without phase change.
  • liquid phase and gas phase In order to ensure the proper functioning of a heat exchanger using a liquid-gas mixture, the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase must be the same in all the passages and must be uniform within the same passage.
  • the dimensioning of the exchanger is calculated assuming a uniform distribution of the phases, and therefore a single end of vaporization temperature of the liquid phase, equal to the dew point temperature of the mixture.
  • the end-of-vaporization temperature will depend on the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase in the passages.
  • the temperature profile of the first fluid will therefore vary according to the passages, or even vary within the same passage. Due to this non-uniform distribution, it may then happen that the fluid or fluids in exchange relationship with the two-phase mixture have a temperature at the outlet of the exchanger greater than that expected, thereby degrading the performance of the heat exchanger.
  • a solution for distributing the liquid and gaseous phases of the mixture as uniformly as possible consists in introducing them separately into the exchanger and then mixing them together only inside the exchanger.
  • Document FR-A-2563620 describes such an exchanger in which a grooved bar is inserted in the series of passages intended to channel the two-phase mixture.
  • This mixing device comprises separate channels for a liquid phase and a gas phase and an outlet for distributing the liquid-gas mixture to the heat exchange zone.
  • the mixing device In order to proceed to the mixing of the two phases, the mixing device generally comprises a first channel for the flow of a phase. This channel is provided with a series of orifices arranged along the channel, each orifice being in fluid communication with the second channel for the flow of the other phase.
  • the inlet of the first channel When the inlet of the first channel is supplied with fluid, the flow velocity of the fluid will tend to decrease as the fluid flows along the channel. This is because the fluid flow rate decreases as the ports are energized.
  • the orifices are generally machined perpendicularly to the direction of flow of the fluid and are therefore less well fed when the fluid velocity is greater.
  • the orifices arranged on the side of the inlet of the channel therefore tend to be supercharged, while the holes located at the bottom of the channel are undernourished. It follows an unequal introduction of the phase considered in the channel for the other phase, and thence an unequal distribution of the liquid-gas mixture in the width of the passage of the exchanger.
  • Another known solution is to have cylindrical orifices having different diameters along the channel. However, this solution may be insufficient for some processes.
  • the present invention aims to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, in particular by providing a heat exchanger in which the distribution of the liquid and gaseous phases of a mixture is as uniform as possible, and without complicating excessively the structure of the exchanger, nor to increase its bulk.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of plates arranged parallel to one another so as to define a first series of passages for channeling at least one first fluid and a second series of passages for channeling at least one second fluid to be introduced.
  • a mixing device being arranged in said at least one passage of the first series and comprising:
  • At least one first channel for the flow of a first phase of the first fluid in a direction of flow
  • the exchanger of the invention may include one or more of the following technical characteristics:
  • the second portion (34b) opens into the second channel.
  • the first portion (34a) and / or the second portion (34b) are of cylindrical shape.
  • said orifice extends between the first channel and the second channel in a vertical direction.
  • the first portion of at least one orifice has a first variable cross section in the vertical direction.
  • the first cross section of the first portion increases towards the first channel.
  • said first portion is of frustoconical shape.
  • the first portion comprises a peripheral wall forming an angle of between 5 and 70 ° with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the ratio between the height of the first portion and the height of the orifice, measured in the vertical direction, is between 0.1 and 0.7.
  • the orifice comprises a peripheral shoulder projecting radially with respect to the vertical direction, said shoulder being arranged between the first portion and the second portion of the orifice.
  • the first channel comprises at least two orifices each having a first portion whose first cross section varies from one of the two orifices relative to the other.
  • the first channel comprises at least two orifices each having a second portion whose second cross section varies from one of the orifices relative to the other.
  • said at least two orifices each comprise a first portion of cylindrical shape whose diameter and / or height vary from one of the orifices relative to the other.
  • said at least two orifices each comprise a first portion of frustoconical shape whose angle and / or height vary from one of the orifices relative to the other.
  • the first fluid is a refrigerant.
  • the second fluid is a circulating fluid.
  • the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixture flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
  • natural gas refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons including at least methane. This includes a "raw” composition (prior to any treatment or wash), as well as any composition that has been partially, substantially, or wholly processed for the reduction and / or elimination of one or more compounds, including but not limited to limit, sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, mercury and some heavy and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, in a plane of section parallel to the plates of a heat exchanger, of part of a passage of a heat exchanger fed with a two-phase liquid-gas mixture in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; of the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane perpendicular to that of Figure 1, the mixing device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional view illustrating an embodiment of a mixing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic sectional views illustrating alternative embodiments of a mixing device according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a heat exchanger 1 comprising a stack of plates 2 (not visible) which extend in two dimensions, parallel to a plane defined by the directions z and y.
  • the plates 2 are arranged parallel to each other spacially and thus form a plurality of fluid passages in indirect heat exchange relationship via said plates.
  • each passage has a parallelepipedal and flat shape.
  • the gap between two successive plates is small in front of the length and the width of each successive plate.
  • the exchanger 1 may comprise a number of plates greater than 20, or even greater than 100, defining between them a first series of passages 10 for channeling at least a first fluid F1, and a second series of passages 20 (not visible in FIG. 1) for channeling at least one second fluid F2, the flow of said fluids occurring generally in the y direction.
  • the passages 1 0 of the first series may be arranged wholly or partly, alternately or adjacent to all or part of the passages 20 of the second series.
  • the exchanger 1 comprises distribution and evacuation means 40, 52, 45, 54, 55 configured to distribute the different fluids selectively in the passages 10, 20, as well as for discharging said fluids from said passages. 10, 20.
  • the tightness of the passages 10, 20 along the edges of the plates 2 is generally ensured by lateral and longitudinal sealing strips 4 fixed to the plates 2.
  • the lateral sealing strips 4 do not completely close the passages 10, But advantageously leave fluid inlet and outlet openings in the diagonally opposite corners of the passages.
  • the openings of the passages 10 of the first series are arranged coincidentally one above the other, while the openings of the passages 20 of the second series are arranged in the opposite corners.
  • the openings placed one above the other are joined respectively in collectors of semi-tubular form 40, 45, 50, 55, through which the distribution and evacuation of the fluids take place.
  • the semi-tubular collectors 50, 45 serve to introduce the fluids into the exchanger 1 and the semi-tubular collectors 40, 55 serve to evacuate these fluids from the exchanger 1.
  • the supply manifold of one of the fluids and the exhaust manifold of the other fluid are located at the same end of the exchanger, the fluids F1, F2 thus flowing against the current in the exchanger 1.
  • the first and second fluids can also flow cocurrently, the supply means for one of the fluids and the means for discharging the other fluid then being located at opposite ends of the fluid. exchanger 1.
  • the direction is oriented vertically when the exchanger 1 is in operation.
  • the first fluid F1 flows globally vertically and in the ascending direction.
  • Other directions and direction of flow of fluids F1, F2 are of course conceivable, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • first fluids F1 and one or more second fluids F2 of different natures can flow within the passages 10, 20 of the first and second series of the same exchanger.
  • the distribution and evacuation means of the exchanger advantageously comprise distribution waves 51, 54, arranged between two successive plates 2 in the form of corrugated sheets, which extend from the inlet and outlet openings.
  • the distribution waves 51, 54 ensure the uniform distribution and the recovery of the fluids over the entire width of the passages 10, 20.
  • the passages 1 0, 20 advantageously comprise heat exchange structures arranged between the plates 2. These structures have the function of increasing the heat exchange surface of the exchanger.
  • the heat exchange structures are in contact with the fluids circulating in the passages and transfer heat flows by conduction to the adjacent plates 2, to which they can be fixed by soldering, which increases the mechanical strength of the exchanger.
  • the heat exchange structures also have a function of spacers between the plates 2, in particular during assembly by brazing of the exchanger and to prevent any deformation of the plates during the implementation of fluids under pressure. They also guide the flow of fluid in the passages of the exchanger.
  • these structures comprise heat exchange waves 1 1 which advantageously extend along the width and the length of the passages 10, 20, parallel to the plates 2, in the extension of the distribution waves along the length of the passages 10, 20.
  • the passages 10, 20 of the exchanger thus have a main part of their length constituting the actual heat exchange part, which is lined with a heat exchange structure, said main part being bordered by parts of distribution filled with distribution waves 51, 54.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a passage 10 of the first series 1 configured to dispense a first fluid F1 in the form of a two-phase liquid-gas mixture.
  • the first fluid F1 is separated in a separator device 6 in a liquid phase 61 and a gas phase 62 introduced separately into the exchanger 1 via a lateral collector 30 and the collector 50.
  • the two phases 61, 62 are then mixed with each other by means of a mixing device 3 arranged in the passage 10.
  • several passages 10, indeed all of the passages 10 of the first series comprise a mixing device 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view, in a plane perpendicular to that of FIG. 1, of a mixing device 3 advantageously consisting of a bar, or rod, housed in a passage 10.
  • the mixing device 3 preferably extends in the section of the passage 10 over almost all or all of the height of the passage 10, so that the mixing device is in contact with each plate 2a, 2b forming the passage 10.
  • the mixing device 3 is advantageously fixed to the plates 2 by soldering.
  • the mixing device 3 is advantageously of parallelepipedal general shape.
  • the mixing device 3 may have, parallel to the lateral direction y, a first dimension of between 20 and 200 mm and, parallel to the direction of flow z, a second dimension of between 100 and 1400 mm.
  • a mixing device 3 according to one embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of first channels 31a, 31b, ... adapted for the flow of a first phase 61 of the fluid F1.
  • Several orifices 34 (only one visible in FIG. 2) follow each other in the direction of flow z of a first phase 61, which in the example illustrated is a first liquid phase 61, in a first channel 31 a.
  • These orifices 34 are arranged in such a way as to fluidically connect the first channel 31a to at least one second channel 32 adapted for the flow of the other phase 62, in the example illustrated the gas phase 62.
  • the first channels 31a, 31 b ... and the second channels 32a, 32b, ... extend parallel to the plates 2.
  • the orifices 34 of the different first channels 31a, 31b, ... may be arranged in staggered rows, as shown in FIG. Figure 3, which promotes a more homogeneous distribution of the first phase 61 in the second channels 32a, 32b, ...
  • Figure 3 illustrates a mixing device 3 according to one embodiment of the invention with several orifices 34 fluidly connecting a series of first channels and a series of second channels.
  • At least one orifice 34 comprises a first portion 34a opening into the first channel 31, said first portion 34a having a first transverse section, and a second portion 34b arranged between the first portion 34a and the second channel 32, said second portion 34b having a second cross section, the first cross section being greater than the second cross section.
  • cross section means a surface of the orifice 34 measured perpendicular to the orifice 34, typically perpendicular to the axis of symmetry A of the orifice 34, the orifice 34 being advantageously cylindrical symmetry .
  • the cross section is measured along a cross sectional plane extending perpendicularly to the direction x.
  • the cross section of the orifice 34 is thus determined in a plane comprising the directions y and z.
  • the first cross section may be constant along the orifice 34, that is to say that the first portion 34a will be of cylindrical shape, or be variable but while remaining, along the orifice 34, greater than the second cross section of the second portion 34b.
  • the cross section of the first portion 34a may increase toward the first channel 31.
  • the second cross section of the second portion 34b may also be constant or variable along the orifice 34.
  • the first channel 31 comprises at least two orifices each having a first portion 34a whose first cross section varies from one of the two orifices relative to the other.
  • the variation of the first passage section from a first portion 34a to another first portion may for example result from a variation of the diameter in the case of first cylindrical portions. It may also result from a variation of angle in the case of first frustoconical portions.
  • ports of larger first sections will be arranged upstream of the first channel 31, where the speed of the first phase 61 is the largest, and smaller inlet section orifices downstream of the first channel 31.
  • the first channel 31 may comprise a first and a second orifice 34 opening into the first channel 31 by a first inlet and a second inlet 341 respectively.
  • first inlet and a second inlet 341 respectively.
  • At least two orifices 34, successive or otherwise, arranged in the same first channel 31 have different shapes.
  • the shape of the orifice 34 may be modified in particular by changing the shape of the first portion 34a of at least one orifice 34 relative to another.
  • orifices 34 of variable shape along the direction of flow z makes it possible to further fine-tune the flow of fluid in the orifices 34 succeeding one another along the direction z.
  • the number of different shapes, their dimensioning and their distribution, in the same first channel 31 or between several first channels 31a, 31b, ... may vary depending on the distribution of liquid mixture -gaz desired.
  • the shape of an orifice 34 will be varied to another orifice 34 by modifying the cross section of the orifice, at the inlet or outlet of the orifice, along all or part of an orifice, and / or by modifying the shape of the internal profile of one orifice relative to another.
  • the shape of the orifices 34 will be varied by varying the internal dimensions of said orifices.
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of mixing device 3 in the form of a bar, holes 34 being pierced in the bottom of several first channels 31.
  • the mixing device 3 generally forms a parallelepiped delimited in particular by a first surface 3a intended to be arranged facing a plate 2 of the exchanger and a second surface 3b arranged opposite another plate 2.
  • the first and second surfaces 3a, 3b preferably extend generally parallel to the plates 2.
  • the mixing device 3 is preferably arranged in the passage 10 so that the first and second surfaces 3a, 3b are in contact with the plates 2.
  • the first channels 31a, 31b are advantageously in the form of recesses formed in the mixing device 3. They may also be open at the surfaces 3a and / or 3b whose length is large in front of their width, measured according to the lateral direction y or their height, measured in a vertical direction x perpendicular to the directions y and z.
  • the orifices 34 are advantageously holes 34 made in the material of the device 3 and extending between the first channel 31 and the second channel 32, preferably in the vertical direction x. In operation, the first phase 61 then flows inside the orifice 34 generally in the vertical direction x.
  • the orifices 34 have a height, measured in the x direction, of at least 0.5 mm.
  • the ratio between the height of the first portion 34a and the total height of the orifice 34, measured in the vertical direction x, is between 0.1 and 0.7.
  • Such a range is preferably implemented in the case of a first portion of frustoconical shape.
  • the height ratio is advantageously between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • the orifices 34 are preferably cylindrically symmetrical about an axis of symmetry A.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate embodiments of orifices 34 that can be implemented in the mixing device of FIG. 3.
  • One or more orifices made according to one or more of these variants can be arranged in at least one first channel 31.
  • said first channel may also include conventional cylindrical orifices 34, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • Such orifices 34 are preferably arranged on the inlet 31 1 side.
  • the orifice 34 comprises a first portion 34a opening into the first channel 31 through an inlet 341 and a second portion 34b opening into the second channel 32 through an outlet 342 of the orifice 34.
  • the first and the second portion 34a, 34b are of cylindrical shape, the cross section of the first portion 34a being greater than the cross section of the second portion 34b.
  • the first portion 34a has a first diameter greater than the second diameter of the second portion 34b.
  • the enlargement of the passage section of the orifice 34 on the side of the first channel promotes the flow of the first phase 61 towards the orifice 34.
  • One or more orifices 34 of this type can be arranged in the first channel 31, the section of the first portion of the orifices 34 being able to vary along the same first channel 31.
  • the delimitation of the first and second portions 34a, 34b is achieved by means of a shoulder projecting radially relative to the vertical direction x.
  • the first portion 34a is of frustoconical shape and diverges towards the first channel 31.
  • This form of orifice 34 makes it possible to increase the passage section of the orifice considered on the side of the first channel 31 while creating a softer turn when a part of the first phase 61 flowing in the first channel penetrates in the orifice 34, which further facilitates its supply in the first phase 61.
  • a frustoconical shape may for example be obtained by drilling an orifice 34 with a conical drill whose advance is adjusted according to the desired shape.
  • the angle formed by the peripheral wall of the first frustoconical portion 34a with the vertical direction x may vary between the orifices 34 arranged within the same first channel 31, along the z direction of flow, as well as a first channel 31 to another.
  • the peripheral wall of said first portion forms an angle ⁇ of between 5 and 70 ° with respect to the vertical direction x.
  • the shape of the second portion 34b arranged downstream of the first portion 34a may optionally vary from one orifice 34 to another and in particular be of frustoconical shape.
  • orifices 34 with first and second portions 34a, 34b as described above are obtained after a first step of machining several holes 34b within the mixing device 3, one or more of these holes 34b being, in a second step, remanufactured to a height corresponding to the height of the first portion 34a.
  • the device 3 may comprise several lateral channels 32 succeeding each other within the device 3 and / or several first channels 31, the first and second channels 31, 32 being preferably parallel to one another.
  • the channels 31 and 32 may be of a shape and in a number that are distinct or identical.
  • the distances between the first successive channels 31 and the distances between the second successive channels 32 may also vary.
  • the exchanger according to the invention is mainly described in the case where the passages 10, 20 extend in the lateral direction y, the first longitudinal channel 31 extending in the direction of flow z and the lateral channel 32 extending in the lateral direction y orthogonal to the direction z.
  • the opposite is also conceivable, that is to say a first longitudinal channel 31 extending in the lateral direction y and a lateral channel 32 extending in the direction of flow z.
  • the directions y and z may also not be orthogonal to each other.
  • At least one first longitudinal channel 31 may comprise one or more orifices 34 having a first portion 34a, itself formed of several sub-portions of cylindrical and / or frustoconical shape.

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising a plurality of plates (2) arranged in parallel so as to define a first series of passages (10) for channelling at least one first fluid (F1) and a second series of passages (20) for channelling at least one second fluid (F2) which is to be brought into a heat-exchanging arrangement with at least said first fluid (F1), a mixer device (3) being arranged in said at least one passage (10) of the first series and comprising at least one first channel (31) for the flow of a first phase (61) of the first fluid (F1) following a direction of flow (z), at least one second channel (32) for the flow of a second phase (62) of the first fluid (F1), and at least one opening (34) fluidically connecting the first channel (31) to the second channel (32). According to the invention, the opening (34) comprises a first portion (34a) leading into the first channel (31), said first portion (34a) having a first cross-section, and a second portion (34b) arranged between the first portion (34a) and the second channel (32), said second portion (34b) having a second cross-section, the first cross-section being higher than the second cross-section.

Description

ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR AVEC DISPOSITI F MELANGEUR LIQUIDE/GAZ A ORI FICES DE FORME AMELIOREE  HEAT EXCHANGER WITH DISPOSITION F LIQUID / GAS MIXER WITH ORI FITS OF ENHANCED FORM
La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant des séries de passages pour chacun des fluides à mettre en relation d'échange thermique, l'échangeur comprenant au moins un dispositif mélangeur configuré pour distribuer au moins un mélange à deux phases liquide/gaz dans une des séries de passages. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising series of passages for each of the fluids to be placed in heat exchange relationship, the exchanger comprising at least one mixing device configured to dispense at least one two-phase liquid / gas mixture into a series of passages.
En particulier, la présente invention peut s'appliquer à un échangeur de chaleur qui vaporise au moins un débit de mélange liquide-gaz, en particulier un débit de mélange à plusieurs constituants, par exemple un mélange d'hydrocarbures, par échange de chaleur avec au moins un autre fluide, par exemple du gaz naturel.  In particular, the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
La technologie couramment utilisée pour un échangeur est celle des échangeurs en aluminium à plaques et à ailettes brasés, qui permettent d'obtenir des dispositifs très compacts offrant une grande surface d'échange.  The technology commonly used for a heat exchanger is that of brazed plate and finned aluminum exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices with a large exchange surface.
Ces échangeurs comprennent des plaques entre lesquelles sont insérées des ondes d'échange thermique, formées d'une succession d'ailettes ou jambes d'onde, constituant ainsi un empilage de passages de vaporisation et de passages de condensation, les uns destinés à vaporiser du liquide frigorigène et les autres à condenser un gaz calorigène. Les échanges de chaleur entre les fluides peuvent avoir lieu avec ou sans changement de phase.  These exchangers comprise plates between which are inserted heat exchange waves, formed of a succession of fins or wavelength legs, thus constituting a stack of vaporization passages and condensation passages, one intended to vaporize water. refrigerant and the others to condense a caloric gas. The heat exchanges between the fluids can take place with or without phase change.
Afin d'assurer le bon fonctionnement d'un échangeur mettant en œuvre un mélange liquide-gaz, la proportion de phase liquide et de phase gazeuse doit être la même dans tous les passages et doit être uniforme au sein d'un même passage.  In order to ensure the proper functioning of a heat exchanger using a liquid-gas mixture, the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase must be the same in all the passages and must be uniform within the same passage.
Le dimensionnement de l'échangeur est calculé en supposant une répartition uniforme des phases, et donc une seule température de fin de vaporisation de la phase liquide, égale à la température de rosée du mélange.  The dimensioning of the exchanger is calculated assuming a uniform distribution of the phases, and therefore a single end of vaporization temperature of the liquid phase, equal to the dew point temperature of the mixture.
Pour un mélange à plusieurs constituants, la température de fin de vaporisation va dépendre de la proportion de phase liquide et de phase gazeuse dans les passages. Dans le cas d'une répartition inégale des deux phases, le profil de température du premier fluide va donc varier selon les passages, voire varier au sein d'un même passage. Du fait de cette répartition non uniforme, il peut alors arriver que le ou les fluides en relation d'échange avec le mélange à deux phases aient une température en sortie de l'échangeur supérieure à celle prévue, ce qui dégrade en conséquence les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur. For a multi-component mixture, the end-of-vaporization temperature will depend on the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase in the passages. In the case of unequal distribution of the two phases, the temperature profile of the first fluid will therefore vary according to the passages, or even vary within the same passage. Due to this non-uniform distribution, it may then happen that the fluid or fluids in exchange relationship with the two-phase mixture have a temperature at the outlet of the exchanger greater than that expected, thereby degrading the performance of the heat exchanger.
Une solution pour répartir le plus uniformément possible les phases liquide et gazeuse du mélange consiste à les introduire séparément dans l'échangeur, puis à les mélanger entre elles seulement à l'intérieur de l'échangeur.  A solution for distributing the liquid and gaseous phases of the mixture as uniformly as possible consists in introducing them separately into the exchanger and then mixing them together only inside the exchanger.
Le document FR-A-2563620 décrit un tel échangeur dans lequel une barre rainurée est insérée dans la série de passages destinée à canaliser le mélange à deux phases. Ce dispositif mélangeur comporte des canaux séparés pour une phase liquide et une phase gazeuse et une sortie pour distribuer le mélange liquide-gaz vers la zone d'échange thermique.  Document FR-A-2563620 describes such an exchanger in which a grooved bar is inserted in the series of passages intended to channel the two-phase mixture. This mixing device comprises separate channels for a liquid phase and a gas phase and an outlet for distributing the liquid-gas mixture to the heat exchange zone.
Un problème qui se pose avec ce type de dispositifs mélangeurs concerne la répartition du mélange liquide-gaz dans la largeur du passage incorporant le dispositif mélangeur. Afin de procéder au mélange des deux phases, le dispositif mélangeur comprend généralement un premier canal pour l'écoulement d'une phase. Ce canal est muni d'une série d'orifices disposés le long du canal, chaque orifice étant en communication fluidique avec le deuxième canal pour l'écoulement de l'autre phase. Lorsque l'entrée du premier canal est alimentée en fluide, la vitesse d'écoulement du fluide va avoir tendance à diminuer au fur et à mesure que le fluide s'écoule le long du canal. Ceci est dû au fait que le débit de fluide diminue lorsque les orifices sont alimentés.  A problem that arises with this type of mixing device relates to the distribution of the liquid-gas mixture in the width of the passage incorporating the mixing device. In order to proceed to the mixing of the two phases, the mixing device generally comprises a first channel for the flow of a phase. This channel is provided with a series of orifices arranged along the channel, each orifice being in fluid communication with the second channel for the flow of the other phase. When the inlet of the first channel is supplied with fluid, the flow velocity of the fluid will tend to decrease as the fluid flows along the channel. This is because the fluid flow rate decreases as the ports are energized.
Or, les orifices sont généralement usinés perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement du fluide et sont donc moins bien alimentés lorsque la vitesse du fluide est plus grande. Les orifices agencés du côté de l'entrée du canal ont donc tendance à être suralimentés, alors que les orifices situés au fond du canal sont sous-alimentés. Il s'ensuit une introduction inégale de la phase considérée dans le canal pour l'autre phase, et de là une répartition inégale du mélange liquide-gaz dans la largeur du passage de l'échangeur. However, the orifices are generally machined perpendicularly to the direction of flow of the fluid and are therefore less well fed when the fluid velocity is greater. The orifices arranged on the side of the inlet of the channel therefore tend to be supercharged, while the holes located at the bottom of the channel are undernourished. It follows an unequal introduction of the phase considered in the channel for the other phase, and thence an unequal distribution of the liquid-gas mixture in the width of the passage of the exchanger.
Afin de minimiser ce phénomène, une solution serait d'alimenter le canal considéré par deux entrées opposées du canal. Toutefois, il s'ensuit une complexification de l'échangeur et le problème de la distribution inhomogène demeure au moins dans la partie centrale du canal.  In order to minimize this phenomenon, one solution would be to feed the channel considered by two opposite inputs of the channel. However, it follows a complexification of the exchanger and the problem of the inhomogeneous distribution remains at least in the central part of the channel.
Augmenter le nombre de canaux n'est pas non plus une solution idéale du point de vue de la tenue mécanique et du brasage du dispositif.  Increasing the number of channels is also not an ideal solution from the point of view of the mechanical strength and soldering of the device.
Une autre solution connue consiste à disposer des orifices de forme cylindrique ayant différents diamètres le long du canal. Cependant, cet solution peut s'avérer insuffisante pour certains procédés.  Another known solution is to have cylindrical orifices having different diameters along the channel. However, this solution may be insufficient for some processes.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre en tout ou partie les problèmes mentionnés ci-avant, notamment en proposant un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel la répartition des phases liquide et gazeuse d'un mélange est la plus uniforme possible, et ce sans complexifier de façon excessive la structure de l'échangeur, ni en augmenter l'encombrement.  The present invention aims to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, in particular by providing a heat exchanger in which the distribution of the liquid and gaseous phases of a mixture is as uniform as possible, and without complicating excessively the structure of the exchanger, nor to increase its bulk.
La solution selon l'invention est alors un échangeur de chaleur comprenant plusieurs plaques agencées parallèlement entre elles de façon à définir une première série de passages pour canaliser au moins un premier fluide et une deuxième série de passages pour canaliser au moins un deuxième fluide à mettre en relation d'échange thermique avec au moins ledit premier fluide, un dispositif mélangeur étant agencé dans ledit au moins un passage de la première série et comprenant :  The solution according to the invention is then a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of plates arranged parallel to one another so as to define a first series of passages for channeling at least one first fluid and a second series of passages for channeling at least one second fluid to be introduced. in heat exchange relation with at least said first fluid, a mixing device being arranged in said at least one passage of the first series and comprising:
- au moins un premier canal pour l'écoulement d'une première phase du premier fluide suivant une direction d'écoulement, et  at least one first channel for the flow of a first phase of the first fluid in a direction of flow, and
- au moins un deuxième canal pour l'écoulement d'une deuxième phase du premier fluide,  at least one second channel for the flow of a second phase of the first fluid,
- au moins un orifice reliant fluidiquement le premier canal (31 ) au deuxième canal,  at least one orifice fluidly connecting the first channel (31) to the second channel,
caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un orifice comprend une première portion ayant une première section transversale et une deuxième portion ayant une deuxième section transversale, la première section transversale étant supérieure à la deuxième section transversale. Selon le cas, l'échangeur de l'invention peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques techniques suivantes : characterized in that said at least one orifice comprises a first portion having a first cross section and a second portion having a second cross section, the first cross section being greater than the second cross section. Depending on the case, the exchanger of the invention may include one or more of the following technical characteristics:
- la deuxième portion (34b) débouche dans le deuxième canal.  the second portion (34b) opens into the second channel.
- la première portion (34a) et/ou la deuxième portion (34b) sont de forme cylindrique.  - The first portion (34a) and / or the second portion (34b) are of cylindrical shape.
- ledit orifice s'étend entre le premier canal et le deuxième canal suivant une direction verticale.  said orifice extends between the first channel and the second channel in a vertical direction.
- la première portion d'au moins un orifice a une première section transversale variable suivant la direction verticale.  the first portion of at least one orifice has a first variable cross section in the vertical direction.
- la première section transversale de la première portion augmente en direction du premier canal.  - The first cross section of the first portion increases towards the first channel.
- ladite première portion est de forme tronconique.  said first portion is of frustoconical shape.
- la première portion comprend une paroi périphérique formant un angle compris entre 5 et 70° par rapport à la direction verticale.  the first portion comprises a peripheral wall forming an angle of between 5 and 70 ° with respect to the vertical direction.
- le rapport entre la hauteur de la première portion et la hauteur de l'orifice, mesurées suivant la direction verticale, est compris entre 0,1 et 0,7.  - The ratio between the height of the first portion and the height of the orifice, measured in the vertical direction, is between 0.1 and 0.7.
- l'orifice comprend un épaulement périphérique se projetant radialement par rapport à la direction verticale, ledit épaulement étant agencé entre la première portion et la deuxième portion de l'orifice.  the orifice comprises a peripheral shoulder projecting radially with respect to the vertical direction, said shoulder being arranged between the first portion and the second portion of the orifice.
- le premier canal comprend au moins deux orifices ayant chacun une première portion dont la première section transversale varie d'un des deux orifices par rapport à l'autre.  the first channel comprises at least two orifices each having a first portion whose first cross section varies from one of the two orifices relative to the other.
- le premier canal comprend au moins deux orifices ayant chacun une deuxième portion dont la deuxième section transversale varie d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre.  the first channel comprises at least two orifices each having a second portion whose second cross section varies from one of the orifices relative to the other.
- lesdits au moins deux orifices comprennent chacun une première portion de forme cylindrique dont le diamètre et/ou la hauteur varient d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre.  said at least two orifices each comprise a first portion of cylindrical shape whose diameter and / or height vary from one of the orifices relative to the other.
- lesdits au moins deux orifices comprennent chacun une première portion de forme tronconique dont l'angle et/ou la hauteur varient d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre.  said at least two orifices each comprise a first portion of frustoconical shape whose angle and / or height vary from one of the orifices relative to the other.
- le premier fluide est un fluide frigorigène.  the first fluid is a refrigerant.
- le deuxième fluide est un fluide calorigène. La présente invention peut s'appliquer à un échangeur de chaleur qui vaporise au moins un débit de mélange liquide-gaz, en particulier un débit de mélange à plusieurs constituants, par exemple un mélange d'hydrocarbures, par échange de chaleur avec au moins un autre fluide, par exemple du gaz naturel. the second fluid is a circulating fluid. The present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixture flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
L'expression "gaz naturel" se rapporte à toute composition contenant des hydrocarbures dont au moins du méthane. Cela comprend une composition « brute » (préalablement à tout traitement ou lavage), ainsi que toute composition ayant été partiellement, substantiellement ou entièrement traitée pour la réduction et/ou élimination d'un ou plusieurs composés, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, le soufre, le dioxyde de carbone, l'eau, le mercure et certains hydrocarbures lourds et aromatiques.  The term "natural gas" refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons including at least methane. This includes a "raw" composition (prior to any treatment or wash), as well as any composition that has been partially, substantially, or wholly processed for the reduction and / or elimination of one or more compounds, including but not limited to limit, sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, mercury and some heavy and aromatic hydrocarbons.
La présente invention va maintenant être mieux comprise grâce à la description suivante, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux schémas ci-annexés, parmi lesquels :  The present invention will now be better understood thanks to the following description, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the attached drawings, among which:
la Figure 1 est une vue schématique, dans un plan de coupe parallèle aux plaques d'un échangeur de chaleur, d'une partie d'un passage d'un échangeur alimenté en mélange à deux phases liquide-gaz conformément à un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, in a plane of section parallel to the plates of a heat exchanger, of part of a passage of a heat exchanger fed with a two-phase liquid-gas mixture in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; of the invention;
- la Figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe, suivant un plan perpendiculaire à celui de la Figure 1 , du dispositif mélangeur de la Figure 1 ;  - Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane perpendicular to that of Figure 1, the mixing device of Figure 1;
la Figure 3 est une vue schématique tridimensionnelle illustrant un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif mélangeur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional view illustrating an embodiment of a mixing device according to one embodiment of the invention;
- les Figures 4A et 4B sont des vues schématiques en coupe illustrant des variantes de réalisation d'un dispositif mélangeur selon l'invention.  - Figures 4A and 4B are schematic sectional views illustrating alternative embodiments of a mixing device according to the invention.
La Figure 1 illustre un échangeur de chaleur 1 comprenant un empilement de plaques 2 (non visibles) qui s'étendent suivant deux dimensions, parallèlement à un plan défini par les directions z et y. Les plaques 2 sont disposées parallèlement l'une au-dessus de l'autre avec espacement et forment ainsi une pluralité de passages pour des fluides en relation d'échange de chaleur indirect via lesdites plaques. De préférence, chaque passage a une forme parallélépipédique et plate. L'écart entre deux plaques successives est petit devant la longueur et la largeur de chaque plaque successive. Figure 1 illustrates a heat exchanger 1 comprising a stack of plates 2 (not visible) which extend in two dimensions, parallel to a plane defined by the directions z and y. The plates 2 are arranged parallel to each other spacially and thus form a plurality of fluid passages in indirect heat exchange relationship via said plates. Preferably, each passage has a parallelepipedal and flat shape. The gap between two successive plates is small in front of the length and the width of each successive plate.
L'échangeur 1 peut comprendre un nombre de plaques supérieur à 20, voire supérieur à 100, définissant entre elles une première série de passages 10 pour canaliser au moins un premier fluide F1 , et une deuxième série de passages 20 (non visible sur la Figure 1 ) pour canaliser au moins un deuxième fluide F2, l'écoulement desdits fluides ayant lieu globalement suivant la direction y. Les passages 1 0 de la première série peuvent être agencés, en tout ou partie, en alternance ou de façon adjacente avec tout ou partie des passages 20 de la deuxième série.  The exchanger 1 may comprise a number of plates greater than 20, or even greater than 100, defining between them a first series of passages 10 for channeling at least a first fluid F1, and a second series of passages 20 (not visible in FIG. 1) for channeling at least one second fluid F2, the flow of said fluids occurring generally in the y direction. The passages 1 0 of the first series may be arranged wholly or partly, alternately or adjacent to all or part of the passages 20 of the second series.
De façon connue en soi, l'échangeur 1 comprend des moyens de distribution et d'évacuation 40, 52, 45, 54, 55 configurés pour distribuer les différents fluides sélectivement dans les passages 10, 20, ainsi que pour évacuer lesdits fluides desdits passages 10, 20.  In a manner known per se, the exchanger 1 comprises distribution and evacuation means 40, 52, 45, 54, 55 configured to distribute the different fluids selectively in the passages 10, 20, as well as for discharging said fluids from said passages. 10, 20.
L'étanchéité des passages 10, 20 le long des bords des plaques 2 est généralement assurée par des bandes d'étanchéité latérales et longitudinales 4 fixées sur les plaques 2. Les bandes d'étanchéité latérales 4 n'obturent pas complètement les passages 10, 20 mais laissent avantageusement des ouvertures d'entrée et de sortie de fluide situées dans les coins diagonalement opposés des passages.  The tightness of the passages 10, 20 along the edges of the plates 2 is generally ensured by lateral and longitudinal sealing strips 4 fixed to the plates 2. The lateral sealing strips 4 do not completely close the passages 10, But advantageously leave fluid inlet and outlet openings in the diagonally opposite corners of the passages.
Les ouvertures des passages 10 de la première série sont disposées en coïncidence l'une au-dessus de l'autre, tandis que les ouvertures des passages 20 de la deuxième série sont disposées dans les coins opposés. Les ouvertures placées l'une au-dessus de l'autre sont réunies respectivement dans des collecteurs de forme semi-tubulaire 40, 45, 50, 55, par lesquels s'effectuent la distribution et l'évacuation des fluides.  The openings of the passages 10 of the first series are arranged coincidentally one above the other, while the openings of the passages 20 of the second series are arranged in the opposite corners. The openings placed one above the other are joined respectively in collectors of semi-tubular form 40, 45, 50, 55, through which the distribution and evacuation of the fluids take place.
Dans la représentation de la Figure 1 , les collecteurs semi-tubulaires 50, 45 servent à l'introduction des fluides dans l'échangeur 1 et les collecteurs semi-tubulaires 40, 55 servent à l'évacuation de ces fluides hors de l'échangeur 1 .  In the representation of FIG. 1, the semi-tubular collectors 50, 45 serve to introduce the fluids into the exchanger 1 and the semi-tubular collectors 40, 55 serve to evacuate these fluids from the exchanger 1.
Dans cette variante de réalisation, le collecteur d'alimentation d'un des fluides et le collecteur d'évacuation de l'autre fluide sont situés à une même extrémité de l'échangeur, les fluides F1 , F2 circulant ainsi à contre-courant dans l'échangeur 1 . In this variant embodiment, the supply manifold of one of the fluids and the exhaust manifold of the other fluid are located at the same end of the exchanger, the fluids F1, F2 thus flowing against the current in the exchanger 1.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation, les premier et deuxième fluides peuvent également circuler à co-courant, les moyens d'alimentation d'un des fluides et les moyens d'évacuation de l'autre fluide étant alors situés à des extrémités opposées de l'échangeur 1 .  According to another variant embodiment, the first and second fluids can also flow cocurrently, the supply means for one of the fluids and the means for discharging the other fluid then being located at opposite ends of the fluid. exchanger 1.
De préférence, la direction y est orientée verticalement lorsque l'échangeur 1 est en fonctionnement. Le premier fluide F1 s'écoule globalement verticalement et dans le sens ascendant. D'autres directions et sens d'écoulement des fluides F1 , F2 sont bien entendu envisageables, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.  Preferably, the direction is oriented vertically when the exchanger 1 is in operation. The first fluid F1 flows globally vertically and in the ascending direction. Other directions and direction of flow of fluids F1, F2 are of course conceivable, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
A noter que dans le cadre de l'invention, un ou plusieurs premiers fluides F1 et un ou plusieurs deuxièmes fluides F2 de natures différentes peuvent s'écouler au sein des passages 10, 20 des première et deuxième séries d'un même échangeur.  It should be noted that in the context of the invention, one or more first fluids F1 and one or more second fluids F2 of different natures can flow within the passages 10, 20 of the first and second series of the same exchanger.
Les moyens de distribution et d'évacuation de l'échangeur comprennent avantageusement des ondes de distribution 51 , 54, agencées entre deux plaques 2 successives sous forme de tôles ondulées, qui s'étendent à partir des ouvertures d'entrée et de sortie. Les ondes de distribution 51 , 54 assurent la répartition uniforme et la récupération des fluides sur toute la largeur des passages 10, 20.  The distribution and evacuation means of the exchanger advantageously comprise distribution waves 51, 54, arranged between two successive plates 2 in the form of corrugated sheets, which extend from the inlet and outlet openings. The distribution waves 51, 54 ensure the uniform distribution and the recovery of the fluids over the entire width of the passages 10, 20.
En outre, les passages 1 0, 20 comprennent avantageusement des structures d'échange thermique disposées entre les plaques 2. Ces structures ont pour fonction d'augmenter la surface d'échange thermique de l'échangeur. En effet, les structures d'échange thermique sont en contact avec les fluides circulant dans les passages et transferrent des flux thermiques par conduction jusqu'aux plaques 2 adajcentes, auxquelles elles peuvent être fixées par brasage, ce qui augmente la résistance mécanique de l'échangeur.  In addition, the passages 1 0, 20 advantageously comprise heat exchange structures arranged between the plates 2. These structures have the function of increasing the heat exchange surface of the exchanger. In fact, the heat exchange structures are in contact with the fluids circulating in the passages and transfer heat flows by conduction to the adjacent plates 2, to which they can be fixed by soldering, which increases the mechanical strength of the exchanger.
Les structures d'échange thermique ont aussi une fonction d'entretoises entre les plaques 2, notamment lors de l'assemblage par brasage de l'échangeur et pour éviter toute déformation des plaques lors de la mise en oeuvre des fluides sous pression. Elles assurent également le guidage des écoulements de fluide dans les passages de l'échangeur. De préférence, ces structures comprennent des ondes d'échange thermique 1 1 qui s'étendent avantageusement suivant la largeur et la longueur des passages 10, 20, parallèlement aux plaques 2, dans le prolongement des ondes de distribution selon la longueur des passages 10, 20. Les passages 10, 20 de l'échangeur présentent ainsi une partie principale de leur longueur constituant la partie d'échange thermique proprement dite, qui est garnie d'une structure d'échange thermique, ladite partie principale étant bordée par des parties de distribution garnies des ondes de distribution 51 , 54. The heat exchange structures also have a function of spacers between the plates 2, in particular during assembly by brazing of the exchanger and to prevent any deformation of the plates during the implementation of fluids under pressure. They also guide the flow of fluid in the passages of the exchanger. Preferably, these structures comprise heat exchange waves 1 1 which advantageously extend along the width and the length of the passages 10, 20, parallel to the plates 2, in the extension of the distribution waves along the length of the passages 10, 20. The passages 10, 20 of the exchanger thus have a main part of their length constituting the actual heat exchange part, which is lined with a heat exchange structure, said main part being bordered by parts of distribution filled with distribution waves 51, 54.
La Figure 1 illustre un passage 10 de la première série 1 configuré pour distribuer un premier fluide F1 se présentant sous la forme d'un mélange liquide-gaz à deux phases. Le premier fluide F1 est séparé dans un dispositif séparateur 6 en une phase liquide 61 et une phase gazeuse 62 introduites séparément dans l'échangeur 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un collecteur latéral 30 et du collecteur 50. Les deux phases 61 , 62 sont ensuite mélangées l'une avec l'autre au moyen d'un dispositif mélangeur 3 agencé dans le passage 10. Avantageusement, plusieurs passages 10, voire la totalité des passages 10 de la première série comporte un dispositif mélangeur 3.  Figure 1 illustrates a passage 10 of the first series 1 configured to dispense a first fluid F1 in the form of a two-phase liquid-gas mixture. The first fluid F1 is separated in a separator device 6 in a liquid phase 61 and a gas phase 62 introduced separately into the exchanger 1 via a lateral collector 30 and the collector 50. The two phases 61, 62 are then mixed with each other by means of a mixing device 3 arranged in the passage 10. Advantageously, several passages 10, indeed all of the passages 10 of the first series comprise a mixing device 3.
La Figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe, dans un plan perpendiculaire à celui de la Figure 1 , d'un dispositif mélangeur 3 se composant avantageusement d'une barre, ou baguette, logée dans un passage 10.  FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view, in a plane perpendicular to that of FIG. 1, of a mixing device 3 advantageously consisting of a bar, or rod, housed in a passage 10.
Le dispositif mélangeur 3 s'étend de préférence dans la section du passage 10 sur la quasi-totalité, voire la totalité, de la hauteur du passage 10, de sorte que le dispositif mélangeur est en contact avec chaque plaque 2a, 2b formant le passage 10.  The mixing device 3 preferably extends in the section of the passage 10 over almost all or all of the height of the passage 10, so that the mixing device is in contact with each plate 2a, 2b forming the passage 10.
Le dispositif mélangeur 3 est avantageusement fixé aux plaques 2 par brasage.  The mixing device 3 is advantageously fixed to the plates 2 by soldering.
Le dispositif mélangeur 3 est avantageusement de forme générale parallélépipédique.  The mixing device 3 is advantageously of parallelepipedal general shape.
Le dispositif mélangeur 3 peut présenter, parallèlement à la direction latérale y, une première dimension comprise entre 20 et 200 mm et, parallèlement à la direction d'écoulement z, une deuxième dimension comprise entre 1 00 et 1400 mm. Comme représenté sur la Figure 2, un dispositif mélangeur 3 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention comprend plusieurs premiers canaux 31 a, 31 b, ... adaptés pour l'écoulement d'une première phase 61 du fluide F1 . Plusieurs orifices 34 (un seul visible sur la Figure 2) se succèdent suivant la direction d'écoulement z d'une première phase 61 , qui est dans l'exemple illustré une première phase liquide 61 , dans un premier canal 31 a. Ces orifices 34 sont agencés de manière à relier fluidiquement le premier canal 31 a à au moins un deuxième canal 32 adapté pour l'écoulement de l'autre phase 62, dans l'exemple illustré la phase gazeuse 62. Les premiers canaux 31 a , 31 b... et les deuxièmes canaux 32a, 32b, ... s'étendent parallèlement aux plaques 2. Les orifices 34 des différents premiers canaux 31 a, 31 b, ... peuvent être disposés en quinconce, comme représentés sur la Figure 3, ce qui favorise une distribution plus homogène de la première phase 61 dans les deuxièmes canaux 32a, 32b, ... The mixing device 3 may have, parallel to the lateral direction y, a first dimension of between 20 and 200 mm and, parallel to the direction of flow z, a second dimension of between 100 and 1400 mm. As shown in Figure 2, a mixing device 3 according to one embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of first channels 31a, 31b, ... adapted for the flow of a first phase 61 of the fluid F1. Several orifices 34 (only one visible in FIG. 2) follow each other in the direction of flow z of a first phase 61, which in the example illustrated is a first liquid phase 61, in a first channel 31 a. These orifices 34 are arranged in such a way as to fluidically connect the first channel 31a to at least one second channel 32 adapted for the flow of the other phase 62, in the example illustrated the gas phase 62. The first channels 31a, 31 b ... and the second channels 32a, 32b, ... extend parallel to the plates 2. The orifices 34 of the different first channels 31a, 31b, ... may be arranged in staggered rows, as shown in FIG. Figure 3, which promotes a more homogeneous distribution of the first phase 61 in the second channels 32a, 32b, ...
La Figure 3 illustre un dispositif mélangeur 3 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention avec plusieurs orifices 34 reliant fluidiquement une série de premiers canaux et une série de deuxièmes canaux.  Figure 3 illustrates a mixing device 3 according to one embodiment of the invention with several orifices 34 fluidly connecting a series of first channels and a series of second channels.
Selon l'invention, au moins un orifice 34 comprend une première portion 34a débouchant dans le premier canal 31 , ladite première portion 34a ayant une première section transversale, et une deuxième portion 34b agencée entre la première portion 34a et le deuxième canal 32, ladite deuxième portion 34b ayant une deuxième section transversale, la première section transversale étant supérieure à la deuxième section transversale.  According to the invention, at least one orifice 34 comprises a first portion 34a opening into the first channel 31, said first portion 34a having a first transverse section, and a second portion 34b arranged between the first portion 34a and the second channel 32, said second portion 34b having a second cross section, the first cross section being greater than the second cross section.
A noter que par « section transversale », on entend une surface de l'orifice 34 mesurée perpendiculairement à l'orifice 34, typiquement perpendiculairement à l'axe de symétrie A de l'orifice 34, l'orifice 34 étant avantageusement à symétrie cylindrique. Dans le cas d'un orifice 34 s'étendant selon une direction verticale x, la section transversale est mesurée selon un plan de coupe transversale s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction x. Dans les exemples donnés sur les Figures 2, 3, 4A et 4B, la section transversale de l'orifice 34 est donc déterminée dans un plan comprenant les directions y et z. En agençant une première portion à section transversale plus grande à l'entrée d'au moins un orifice 34, il est possible de favoriser le débit de fluide injecté dans certains des orifices 34. Ainsi, lorsque la première phase 61 s'écoule à des vitesses différentes le long du premier canal 31 , il est possible d'adapter en conséquence le débit de fluide dans les orifices 34 se succédant le long de la direction z, afin d'uniformiser leur alimentation. Note that "cross section" means a surface of the orifice 34 measured perpendicular to the orifice 34, typically perpendicular to the axis of symmetry A of the orifice 34, the orifice 34 being advantageously cylindrical symmetry . In the case of an orifice 34 extending in a vertical direction x, the cross section is measured along a cross sectional plane extending perpendicularly to the direction x. In the examples given in FIGS. 2, 3, 4A and 4B, the cross section of the orifice 34 is thus determined in a plane comprising the directions y and z. By arranging a first portion with a larger cross-section at the inlet of at least one orifice 34, it is possible to favor the flow of fluid injected into some of the orifices 34. Thus, when the first phase 61 flows to Different speeds along the first channel 31, it is possible to adapt accordingly the flow of fluid in the orifices 34 succeeding along the z direction, to standardize their supply.
Il s'ensuit une distribution plus homogène du mélange liquide-gaz dans la largeur du passage 10. Cette solution présente les avantages d'être simple de mise en œuvre, de ne pas modifier l'encombrement de l'échangeur et de ne pas complexifier sa structure.  It follows a more homogeneous distribution of the liquid-gas mixture in the width of the passage 10. This solution has the advantages of being simple to implement, not to change the size of the exchanger and not to complicate its structure.
Selon le cas, la première section transversale pourra être constante le long de l'orifice 34, c'est-à-dire que la première portion 34a sera de forme cylindrique, ou bien être variable mais tout en restant, le long de l'orifice 34, supérieure à la deuxième section transversale de la deuxième portion 34b. En particulier, la section transversale de la première portion 34a pourra augmenter en direction du premier canal 31 .  Depending on the case, the first cross section may be constant along the orifice 34, that is to say that the first portion 34a will be of cylindrical shape, or be variable but while remaining, along the orifice 34, greater than the second cross section of the second portion 34b. In particular, the cross section of the first portion 34a may increase toward the first channel 31.
La deuxième section transversale de la deuxième portion 34b pourra aussi être constante ou variable le long de l'orifice 34.  The second cross section of the second portion 34b may also be constant or variable along the orifice 34.
De préférence, le premier canal 31 comprend au moins deux orifices ayant chacun une première portion 34a dont la première section transversale varie d'un des deux orifices par rapport à l'autre.  Preferably, the first channel 31 comprises at least two orifices each having a first portion 34a whose first cross section varies from one of the two orifices relative to the other.
La variation de la première section de passage d'une première portion 34a à une autre première portion pourra par exemple résulter d'une variation du diamètre dans le cas de premières portions cylindriques. Elle pourra encore résulter d'une variation d'angle dans le cas de premières portions tronconiques.  The variation of the first passage section from a first portion 34a to another first portion may for example result from a variation of the diameter in the case of first cylindrical portions. It may also result from a variation of angle in the case of first frustoconical portions.
Avantageusement, on agencera des orifices de plus grandes premières sections en amont du premier canal 31 , là où la vitesse de la première phase 61 est la plus grande, et des orifices de section d'entrée plus faibles en aval du premier canal 31 .  Advantageously, ports of larger first sections will be arranged upstream of the first channel 31, where the speed of the first phase 61 is the largest, and smaller inlet section orifices downstream of the first channel 31.
En particulier, le premier canal 31 pourra comprendre un premier et un deuxième orifice 34 débouchant dans le premier canal 31 par une première entrée et une deuxième entrée 341 respectivement. On fera varier la section transversale d'au moins du premier canal 31 au moins au niveau de leurs entrées 341 respectives. In particular, the first channel 31 may comprise a first and a second orifice 34 opening into the first channel 31 by a first inlet and a second inlet 341 respectively. We will vary the section transverse of at least first channel 31 at least at their respective inputs 341.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, au moins deux orifices 34, successifs ou non, agencés dans un même premier canal 31 ont des formes différentes. On pourra par exemple disposer un orifice 34 à première portion cylindrique et un orifice 34 à première portion tronconique le long d'un même premier canal. De préférence, on donnera à un orifice 34 agencé du côté de l'entrée 31 1 du premier canal 31 une forme favorisant l'injection de la première phase 61 dans l'orifice 34, de manière à compenser l'effet de vitesse plus grande à l'entrée du premier canal. La forme de l'orifice 34 pourra être modifiée notamment en modifiant la forme de la première portion 34a d'au moins un orifice 34 par rapport à un autre.  According to a particular embodiment, at least two orifices 34, successive or otherwise, arranged in the same first channel 31 have different shapes. For example, it is possible to have an orifice 34 with a first cylindrical portion and an orifice 34 with a first frustoconical portion along the same first channel. Preferably, there will be given to an orifice 34 arranged on the side of the inlet 31 1 of the first channel 31 a shape promoting the injection of the first phase 61 into the orifice 34, so as to compensate for the effect of greater speed. at the entrance of the first channel. The shape of the orifice 34 may be modified in particular by changing the shape of the first portion 34a of at least one orifice 34 relative to another.
La disposition d'orifices 34 de forme variable le long de la direction d'écoulement z permet d'adapter encore plus finement le débit de fluide dans les orifices 34 se succédant le long de la direction z.  The arrangement of orifices 34 of variable shape along the direction of flow z makes it possible to further fine-tune the flow of fluid in the orifices 34 succeeding one another along the direction z.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, le nombre de formes différentes, leur dimensionnement et leur répartition, dans un même premier canal 31 ou entre plusieurs premiers canaux 31 a, 31 b, ... pourra varier en fonction de la distribution de mélange liquide-gaz souhaitée.  In the context of the invention, the number of different shapes, their dimensioning and their distribution, in the same first channel 31 or between several first channels 31a, 31b, ... may vary depending on the distribution of liquid mixture -gaz desired.
Selon le cas, on fera varier la forme d'un orifice 34 à un autre orifice 34 en modifiant la section transversale de l'orifice, en entrée ou en sortie de l'orifice, le long de tout ou partie d'un orifice, et/ou en modifiant la forme du profil interne d'un orifice par rapport à un autre. Typiquement, on fera varier la forme des orifices 34 en jouant sur les dimensions internes desdits orifices.  As the case may be, the shape of an orifice 34 will be varied to another orifice 34 by modifying the cross section of the orifice, at the inlet or outlet of the orifice, along all or part of an orifice, and / or by modifying the shape of the internal profile of one orifice relative to another. Typically, the shape of the orifices 34 will be varied by varying the internal dimensions of said orifices.
La Figure 3 représente un exemple de dispositif mélangeur 3 sous forme de barre, des orifices 34 étant percés dans le fond de plusieurs premiers canaux 31 .  FIG. 3 represents an example of mixing device 3 in the form of a bar, holes 34 being pierced in the bottom of several first channels 31.
Le dispositif mélangeur 3 forme globalement un parallélépipède délimité notamment par une première surface 3a destinée à être agencée en regard d'une plaque 2 de l'échangeur et une deuxième surface 3b agencée en regard d'une autre plaque 2. Les premières et deuxième surfaces 3a, 3b s'étendent de préférence globalement parallèlement aux plaques 2. Le dispositif mélangeur 3 est de préférence agencé dans le passage 10 de sorte que les premières et deuxième surfaces 3a, 3b se trouvent en contact avec les plaques 2. The mixing device 3 generally forms a parallelepiped delimited in particular by a first surface 3a intended to be arranged facing a plate 2 of the exchanger and a second surface 3b arranged opposite another plate 2. The first and second surfaces 3a, 3b preferably extend generally parallel to the plates 2. The mixing device 3 is preferably arranged in the passage 10 so that the first and second surfaces 3a, 3b are in contact with the plates 2.
Les premiers canaux 31 a, 31 b se présentent avantageusement sous la forme d'évidements ménagés au sein du dispositif mélangeur 3. Ils peuvent aussi être débouchants au niveau des surfaces 3a et/ou 3b dont la longueur est grande devant leur largeur, mesurée selon la direction latérale y ou leur hauteur, mesurée selon une direction verticale x perpendiculaire aux directions y et z.  The first channels 31a, 31b are advantageously in the form of recesses formed in the mixing device 3. They may also be open at the surfaces 3a and / or 3b whose length is large in front of their width, measured according to the lateral direction y or their height, measured in a vertical direction x perpendicular to the directions y and z.
Les orifices 34 sont avantageusement des perçages 34 pratiqués dans la matière du dispositif 3 et s'étendant entre le premier canal 31 et le deuxième canal 32, de préférence selon la direction verticale x. En fontionnement, la première phase 61 s'écoule alors à l'intérieur de la l'orifice 34 globalement selon la direction verticale x.  The orifices 34 are advantageously holes 34 made in the material of the device 3 and extending between the first channel 31 and the second channel 32, preferably in the vertical direction x. In operation, the first phase 61 then flows inside the orifice 34 generally in the vertical direction x.
De préférence, les orifices 34 ont une hauteur, mesurée selon la direction x, d'au moins 0,5 mm.  Preferably, the orifices 34 have a height, measured in the x direction, of at least 0.5 mm.
Avantageusement, le rapport entre la hauteur de la première portion 34a et la hauteur totale de l'orifice 34, mesurées suivant la direction verticale x, est compris entre 0,1 et 0,7. Une telle plage est de préférence mise en œuvre dans le cas d'une première portion de forme tronconique. Dans le cas d'une première portion de forme cylindrique, le rapport de hauteur est avantageusement compris entre 0,3 et 0,5.  Advantageously, the ratio between the height of the first portion 34a and the total height of the orifice 34, measured in the vertical direction x, is between 0.1 and 0.7. Such a range is preferably implemented in the case of a first portion of frustoconical shape. In the case of a first portion of cylindrical shape, the height ratio is advantageously between 0.3 and 0.5.
Les orifices 34 sont de préférence à symétrie cylindrique autour d'un axe de symétrie A.  The orifices 34 are preferably cylindrically symmetrical about an axis of symmetry A.
Les Figures 4A et 4B illustrent des modes de réalisation d'orifices 34 pouvant être mis en oeuvre dans le dispositif mélangeur de la Figure 3. Un ou plusieurs orifices réalisés selon une ou plusieurs de ces variantes peuvent être agencés dans au moins un premier canal 31 , ledit premier canal pouvant aussi comprendre des orifices 34 de forme cylindrique conventionnels, comme illustré sur la Figure 2. De tels orifices 34 sont de préférence agencés du côté de l'entrée 31 1 .  FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate embodiments of orifices 34 that can be implemented in the mixing device of FIG. 3. One or more orifices made according to one or more of these variants can be arranged in at least one first channel 31. said first channel may also include conventional cylindrical orifices 34, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Such orifices 34 are preferably arranged on the inlet 31 1 side.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré en Figure 4A, l'orifice 34 comprend une première portion 34a débouchant dans le premier canal 31 par une entrée 341 et une deuxième portion 34b débouchant dans le deuxième canal 32 par une sortie 342 de l'orifice 34. La première et la deuxième portion 34a, 34b sont de forme cylindrique, la section transversale de la première portion 34a étant supérieure à la section transversale de la deuxième portion 34b. En d'autres termes, la première portion 34a a un premier diamètre supérieur au deuxième diamètre de la deuxième portion 34b. According to a first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4A, the orifice 34 comprises a first portion 34a opening into the first channel 31 through an inlet 341 and a second portion 34b opening into the second channel 32 through an outlet 342 of the orifice 34. The first and the second portion 34a, 34b are of cylindrical shape, the cross section of the first portion 34a being greater than the cross section of the second portion 34b. In other words, the first portion 34a has a first diameter greater than the second diameter of the second portion 34b.
L'élargissement de la section de passage de l'orifice 34 du côté du premier canal favorise l'écoulement de la première phase 61 vers l'orifice 34. Un ou plusieurs orifices 34 de ce type peuvent être agencés dans le premier canal 31 , la section de la première portion des orifices 34 pouvant varier le long d'un même premier canal 31 . Dans la représentation de la Figure 4A, la délimitation des première et deuxième portions 34a, 34b est réalisée au moyen d'un épaulement se projetant radialement par rapport à la direction verticale x.  The enlargement of the passage section of the orifice 34 on the side of the first channel promotes the flow of the first phase 61 towards the orifice 34. One or more orifices 34 of this type can be arranged in the first channel 31, the section of the first portion of the orifices 34 being able to vary along the same first channel 31. In the representation of Figure 4A, the delimitation of the first and second portions 34a, 34b is achieved by means of a shoulder projecting radially relative to the vertical direction x.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation illustré en Figure 4B, la première portion 34a est de forme tronconique et diverge vers le premier canal 31 .  According to a second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4B, the first portion 34a is of frustoconical shape and diverges towards the first channel 31.
Cette forme d'orifice 34 permet d'augmenter la section de passage de l'orifice considéré du côté du premier canal 31 tout en créant un virage plus doux lorsque qu'une partie de la première phase 61 s'écoulant dans le premier canal pénètre dans l'orifice 34, ce qui facilite encore plus son alimentation en première phase 61 . Une telle forme tronconique peut par exemple être obtenue en perçant un orifice 34 avec un foret conique dont l'avancée est ajustée en fonction de la forme souhaitée.  This form of orifice 34 makes it possible to increase the passage section of the orifice considered on the side of the first channel 31 while creating a softer turn when a part of the first phase 61 flowing in the first channel penetrates in the orifice 34, which further facilitates its supply in the first phase 61. Such a frustoconical shape may for example be obtained by drilling an orifice 34 with a conical drill whose advance is adjusted according to the desired shape.
L'angle a formé par la paroi périphérique de la première portion 34a tronconique avec la direction verticale x pourra varier entre les orifices 34 agencés au sein d'un même premier canal 31 , le long de la direction d'écoulement z, ainsi que d'un premier canal 31 à un autre. De préférence, la paroi périphérique de ladite première portion forme un angle a compris entre 5 et 70° par rapport à la direction verticale x.  The angle formed by the peripheral wall of the first frustoconical portion 34a with the vertical direction x may vary between the orifices 34 arranged within the same first channel 31, along the z direction of flow, as well as a first channel 31 to another. Preferably, the peripheral wall of said first portion forms an angle α of between 5 and 70 ° with respect to the vertical direction x.
La forme de la deuxième portion 34b agencée en aval de la première portion 34a pourra éventuellement varier d'un orifice 34 à un autre et en particulier être de forme tronconique.  The shape of the second portion 34b arranged downstream of the first portion 34a may optionally vary from one orifice 34 to another and in particular be of frustoconical shape.
De préférence, des orifices 34 avec première et deuxième portions 34a, 34b tels que décrits ci-dessus sont obtenus après une première étape d'usinage de plusieurs trous 34b au sein du dispositif mélangeur 3, un ou plusieurs de ces trous 34b étant, dans une deuxième étape, réusinées sur une hauteur correspondant à la hauteur de la première portion 34a. Preferably, orifices 34 with first and second portions 34a, 34b as described above are obtained after a first step of machining several holes 34b within the mixing device 3, one or more of these holes 34b being, in a second step, remanufactured to a height corresponding to the height of the first portion 34a.
Le dispositif 3 peut comprendre plusieurs canaux latéraux 32 se succédant au sein du dispositif 3 et/ou plusieurs premiers canaux 31 , les premiers et deuxièmes canaux 31 , 32 étant de préférence parallèles entre eux.  The device 3 may comprise several lateral channels 32 succeeding each other within the device 3 and / or several first channels 31, the first and second channels 31, 32 being preferably parallel to one another.
Etant précisé que les canaux 31 et 32 peuvent être de forme et en nombre distincts ou identiques. Les distances entre les premiers canaux 31 successifs et les distances entre les deuxièmes canaux 32 successifs peuvent aussi varier.  It being specified that the channels 31 and 32 may be of a shape and in a number that are distinct or identical. The distances between the first successive channels 31 and the distances between the second successive channels 32 may also vary.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples particuliers décrits et illustrés dans la présente demande. D'autres variantes ou modes de réalisation à la portée de l'homme du métier peuvent aussi être envisagés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the particular examples described and illustrated in the present application. Other variants or embodiments within the reach of those skilled in the art can also be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention.
Par exemple, l'échangeur selon l'invention est principalement décrit dans le cas où les passages 10, 20 s'étendent suivant la direction latérale y, le premier canal longitudinal 31 s'étendant suivant la direction d'écoulement z et le canal latéral 32 s'étendant suivant la direction latérale y orthogonale à la direction z. L'inverse est aussi envisageable, c'est-à-dire un premier canal longitudinal 31 s'étendant suivant la direction latérale y et un canal latéral 32 s'étendant suivant la direction d'écoulement z. Les directions y et z peuvent aussi ne pas être orthogonales entre elles.  For example, the exchanger according to the invention is mainly described in the case where the passages 10, 20 extend in the lateral direction y, the first longitudinal channel 31 extending in the direction of flow z and the lateral channel 32 extending in the lateral direction y orthogonal to the direction z. The opposite is also conceivable, that is to say a first longitudinal channel 31 extending in the lateral direction y and a lateral channel 32 extending in the direction of flow z. The directions y and z may also not be orthogonal to each other.
En outre, au moins un premier canal longitudinal 31 pourra comprendre un ou plusieurs orifices 34 ayant une première portion 34a, elle-même formée de plusieurs sous-portions de forme cylindrique et/ou tronconique.  In addition, at least one first longitudinal channel 31 may comprise one or more orifices 34 having a first portion 34a, itself formed of several sub-portions of cylindrical and / or frustoconical shape.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Echangeur de chaleur (1 ) comprenant plusieurs plaques (2) agencées parallèlement entre elles de façon à définir une première série de passages (10) pour canaliser au moins un premier fluide (F1 ) et une deuxième série de passages (20) pour canaliser au moins un deuxième fluide (F2) à mettre en relation d'échange thermique avec au moins ledit premier fluide (F1 ), un dispositif mélangeur (3) étant agencé dans ledit au moins un passage (10) de la première série et comprenant : 1. Heat exchanger (1) comprising a plurality of plates (2) arranged parallel to one another so as to define a first series of passages (10) for channeling at least a first fluid (F1) and a second series of passages (20) for channeling at at least one second fluid (F2) to be in heat exchange relation with at least said first fluid (F1), a mixing device (3) being arranged in said at least one passage (10) of the first series and comprising:
- au moins un premier canal (31 ) pour l'écoulement d'une première phase (61 ) du premier fluide (F1 ) suivant une direction d'écoulement (z),  at least one first channel (31) for the flow of a first phase (61) of the first fluid (F1) in a flow direction (z),
- au moins un deuxième canal (32) pour l'écoulement d'une deuxième phase (62) du premier fluide (F1 ), et  at least one second channel (32) for the flow of a second phase (62) of the first fluid (F1), and
- au moins un orifice (34) reliant fluidiquement le premier canal (31 ) au deuxième canal (32),  at least one orifice (34) fluidly connecting the first channel (31) to the second channel (32),
caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un orifice (34) comprend une première portion (34a) débouchant dans le premier canal (31 ), ladite première portion (34a) ayant une première section transversale, et une deuxième portion (34b) agencée entre la première portion (34a) et le deuxième canal (32), ladite deuxième portion (34b) ayant une deuxième section transversale, la première section transversale étant supérieure à la deuxième section transversale.  characterized in that said at least one orifice (34) comprises a first portion (34a) opening into the first channel (31), said first portion (34a) having a first transverse section, and a second portion (34b) arranged between the first portion (34a) and the second channel (32), said second portion (34b) having a second cross section, the first cross section being greater than the second cross section.
2. Echangeur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la deuxième portion (34b) débouche dans le deuxième canal (32). 2. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the second portion (34b) opens into the second channel (32).
3. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la première portion (34a) et/ou la deuxième portion (34b) sont de forme cylindrique. 3. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first portion (34a) and / or the second portion (34b) are of cylindrical shape.
4. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice (34) s'étend entre le premier canal (31 ) et le deuxième canal (32) suivant une direction verticale (x). 4. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice (34) extends between the first channel (31) and the second channel (32) in a vertical direction (x).
5. Echangeur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la première portion (34a) d'au moins un orifice (34) a une première section transversale variable suivant la direction verticale (x). 5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the first portion (34a) of at least one orifice (34) has a first variable cross section in the vertical direction (x).
6. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première section transversale de la première portion (34a) augmente en direction du premier canal (31 ). 6. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first cross section of the first portion (34a) increases towards the first channel (31).
7. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite première portion (34a) est de forme tronconique. 7. Exchanger according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said first portion (34a) is of frustoconical shape.
8. Echangeur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la première portion (34a) comprend une paroi périphérique formant un angle (a) compris entre 5 et 70° par rapport à la direction verticale (x). 8. Exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the first portion (34a) comprises a peripheral wall forming an angle (a) between 5 and 70 ° relative to the vertical direction (x).
9. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre la hauteur de la première portion (34a) et la hauteur de l'orifice (34), mesurées suivant la direction verticale (x), est compris entre 0,1 et 0,7. 9. Exchanger according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the ratio between the height of the first portion (34a) and the height of the orifice (34), measured in the vertical direction (x), is between 0.1 and 0.7.
10. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice (34) comprend un épaulement périphérique se projetant radialement par rapport à la direction verticale (x), ledit épaulement étant agencé entre la première portion (34a) et la deuxième portion (34b) de l'orifice (34). 10. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice (34) comprises a peripheral shoulder projecting radially relative to the vertical direction (x), said shoulder being arranged between the first portion (34a) and the second portion (34b) of the orifice (34).
1 1 . Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier canal (31 ) comprend au moins deux orifices ayant chacun une première portion (34a) dont la première section transversale varie d'un des deux orifices par rapport à l'autre. 1 1. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first channel (31) comprises at least two orifices each having a first portion (34a) whose first cross section varies from one of the two orifices relative to the other .
12. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier canal (31 ) comprend au moins deux orifices ayant chacun une deuxième portion (34b) dont la deuxième section transversale varie d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre. 12. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first channel (31) comprises at least two holes each having a second portion (34b) whose second cross section varies from one of the orifices relative to the other.
13. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications 1 1 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdits au moins deux orifices comprennent chacun une première portion (34a) de forme cylindrique dont le diamètre et/ou la hauteur varient d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre. 13. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 1 or 12, characterized in that said at least two holes each comprise a first portion (34a) of cylindrical shape whose diameter and / or height varies from one of the orifices relative to to the other.
14. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications 1 1 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdits au moins deux orifices comprennent chacun une première portion (34a) de forme tronconique dont l'angle et/ou la hauteur varient d'un des orifices par rapport à l'autre. 14. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 1 or 12, characterized in that said at least two holes each comprise a first portion (34a) of frustoconical shape whose angle and / or height vary from one of the orifices by report to the other.
EP18714591.7A 2017-03-24 2018-03-20 Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape Active EP3601927B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1752474A FR3064345B1 (en) 2017-03-24 2017-03-24 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH IMPROVED SHAPE LIQUID / GAS MIXER DEVICE
PCT/FR2018/050666 WO2018172685A1 (en) 2017-03-24 2018-03-20 Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape

Publications (2)

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EP3601927A1 true EP3601927A1 (en) 2020-02-05
EP3601927B1 EP3601927B1 (en) 2020-12-09

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US (1) US11221178B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3601927B1 (en)
JP (1) JP7102434B2 (en)
CN (1) CN110582682B (en)
FR (1) FR3064345B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2750511C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2018172685A1 (en)

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FR3110098B1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2022-04-08 Lair Liquide Sa Pour L’Etude Et Lexploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising a temperature sensor

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RU2019133350A3 (en) 2021-05-27
JP7102434B2 (en) 2022-07-19
RU2750511C2 (en) 2021-06-29
US11221178B2 (en) 2022-01-11
WO2018172685A1 (en) 2018-09-27
CN110582682A (en) 2019-12-17
EP3601927B1 (en) 2020-12-09
CN110582682B (en) 2021-08-20
FR3064345B1 (en) 2019-03-29
RU2019133350A (en) 2021-04-21
US20210108855A1 (en) 2021-04-15
FR3064345A1 (en) 2018-09-28
JP2020511624A (en) 2020-04-16

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