EP2926077B1 - Gas heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gases of an engine - Google Patents

Gas heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gases of an engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2926077B1
EP2926077B1 EP13801494.9A EP13801494A EP2926077B1 EP 2926077 B1 EP2926077 B1 EP 2926077B1 EP 13801494 A EP13801494 A EP 13801494A EP 2926077 B1 EP2926077 B1 EP 2926077B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube
transverse
coolant
exchanger
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EP13801494.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2926077A1 (en
Inventor
Inigo TOLOSA ECHARRI
Rosa PUERTOLAS REBOLLAR
Juan Carlos De Francisco Moreno
Dario PENA SANCHEZ
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Valeo Termico SA
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Valeo Termico SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F02M26/32—Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gas, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine.
  • the invention is particularly applicable in heat exchangers of engine exhaust gas recirculation (EGRC).
  • EGRC engine exhaust gas recirculation
  • the two heat exchanging media are separated by a wall.
  • EGR exchangers on the market is a metal heat exchanger typically made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • EGR heat exchanger there are two types: a first type consists of a housing inside which there is a bundle of parallel tubes for the passage of gases, the refrigerant circulating in the housing, outside tubes, and the second type consists of a series of parallel plates which constitute the heat exchange surfaces, so that the exhaust gases and the refrigerant circulate between two plates, in alternating layers, with the possibility of include fins to improve heat exchange.
  • the assembly between the tubes and the housing can be of different types.
  • the tubes are fixed at their ends between two support plates connected to each end of the housing, the two support plates having a plurality of orifices for the installation of the respective tubes.
  • connection means with the recirculation line which may consist of a V-shaped connection or a peripheral collar or flange, depending on the design of the recirculation line in which is connected the exchanger.
  • the peripheral collar can be assembled with a gas tank, so that the gas tank is a part intermediate between the housing and the collar, or the collar can be assembled directly to the housing.
  • EGR exchangers In both types of EGR exchangers, most of their components are metallic, so that they are assembled by mechanical means and then oven-welded or arc-welded or laser-welded to ensure the proper sealing required this application. In some cases, they may also include some plastic components, which may have a single function or several functions integrated in one piece.
  • One of the conditions to be fulfilled by the EGR heat exchangers is to maintain an appropriate distribution of the coolant flow to ensure good efficiency and sufficient durability. If the distribution of the coolant flow is not good enough, the efficiency may decrease and may appear a boiling phenomenon, which will affect the durability of the heat exchanger subjected to thermal fatigue.
  • the distribution of the coolant flow depends fundamentally on the location of the inlet and outlet conduits of the refrigerant.
  • a general recommendation is that the coolant outlet duct must be located in the upper part of the exchanger, while the coolant inlet duct must be located opposite in the lower part of the exchanger, and the greater the distance between the two inlet and outlet conduits of the coolant, the better the distribution of the coolant.
  • Licences JP2000292089 and JP2000283666 disclose tube bundle heat exchangers which comprise a plurality of plate-shaped cross deflectors disposed within a circular section housing.
  • the design of said baffles is very similar to the configuration of the support plates at both ends of the housing; the diameter of these baffles is equal to the inside diameter of the housing and they include openings to allow the refrigerant fluid to pass through.
  • the positions of said passage openings in the different deflectors are distributed alternately.
  • the patent KR20080013457 discloses a tube bundle heat exchanger which comprises a helical shaped baffle inserted along a circular section housing.
  • the patent US2005161206 A1 discloses a stacked plate heat exchanger whose coolant inlet and outlet conduits are located at opposite ends but in the same side face of the housing. Each plate includes a transverse protuberance embossed in the lateral entry zone of the refrigerant fluid, as well as a plurality of shorter protuberances stamped along the plate, capable of distributing the refrigerant fluid from its lateral entry zone through any the surface of the plates.
  • the patent US2008169093 A1 discloses a stacked plate heat exchanger having the coolant inlet and outlet conduits at opposite ends and opposite sides of the exchanger housing.
  • Each plate includes a transverse protuberance embossed in the lateral entry zone of the refrigerant fluid, as well as a plurality of shorter protuberances stamped along the plate, capable of distributing the refrigerant fluid from its lateral entry zone through any the surface of the plates.
  • the objective of the gas heat exchanger, in particular the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the present invention is to solve the disadvantages that the exchangers known in the art present by proposing a heat exchanger which allows improve the distribution of the flow of refrigerant through it while avoiding the use of deflectors.
  • the gas heat exchanger in particular for the exhaust gas of an engine, is of the type which comprises a plurality of parallel tubes, arranged inside a housing, through which the gases circulate. cooling by heat exchange with a cooling fluid and wherein the refrigerant inlet and outlet conduits are each disposed at an opposite end of the housing, preferably on the same side of said housing; each tube comprises a protuberance facing the direction of the gases, said tubes being capable of being stacked together so that the protuberances of the respective tubes define a barrier, in the form of a baffle, for creating a predetermined path capable of ensuring an appropriate distribution of the flow of refrigerant fluid from its inlet to its exit around the tubes and along the exchanger; the parallel tubes have a substantially rectangular section, each tube comprising a protuberance transverse to the direction of the gases, so that said transverse protuberances of the respective tubes define a substantially vertical transverse barrier, it is characterized in that the tubes are oriented from whereby the upper half of the tube bundle has respective
  • the above-mentioned deflecting effect is obtained by contacting the protuberances of the respective tubes, so that the barrier or deflector obtained forces the circulation of the refrigerant fluid so that it flows along a path suitable for obtaining a good distribution of the refrigerant fluid.
  • the deflectors or cross barriers created force the flow of refrigerant fluid to fill the inside of the exchanger in all directions, but with an appropriate distribution of the refrigerant flow from the inlet to the coolant outlet, thus avoiding a direct flow of refrigerant flow from the inlet to the outlet thereof.
  • the flow generated within the housing has a "Z" shape, which differs completely from the refrigerant flow paths in the stacked plate heat exchangers known in the art that utilize a transverse protuberance.
  • each tube comprises a single transverse protuberance located on one of its faces.
  • each tube comprises two transverse protuberances located on the opposite faces of the tube.
  • each tube comprises a plurality of projections, preferably of circular section, distributed along the tube, intended for support and assembly between the adjacent tubes, which in turn delimit a predetermined space between the tubes for the passage refrigerant.
  • the heat exchanger 1 for gas in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the present invention is of the type which comprises a plurality of parallel tubes 2 of substantially rectangular section, arranged inside a housing 3, through which circulate the gases to be cooled by heat exchange with a cooling fluid. Similarly, it comprises two inlet ducts 4 and 5 of coolant outlet arranged at the opposite ends and in one and the same side of said casing 3.
  • each tube 2 comprises a transverse protuberance 6 with respect to the direction of the gases, situated, starting from one of its ends, at a distance of approximately one-third of the length of the tube.
  • the tubes 2 may comprise a single transverse protuberance 6 located on one of their faces (see Figure 3 ) or may comprise two transverse protuberances 6 located on the opposite faces of the tube 2 (see Figure 4 ).
  • Each tube 2 also comprises a plurality of projections 7 of circular section distributed along the tube 2, intended for support and assembly between the adjacent tubes 2, which in turn delimit a predetermined space between the tubes 2 for the passage refrigerant.
  • the tubes 2 are assembled by stacking one on the other and oriented so that the upper half of the tube bundle 2 has its respective transverse protuberances 6 located at a distance from to about a third of the length of the tube 2 relative to the gas inlet, thereby defining a first vertical transverse barrier 6a, while the lower half of the tube bundle 2 has its respective transverse protuberances 6 at a distance of approximately two thirds of the length of the tube 2 relative to the gas inlet, thus defining a second vertical transverse barrier 6b.
  • the two transverse barriers 6a and 6b define a "Z" -shaped path for the coolant flow, as shown by the arrows shown in FIG. Figure 6 .
  • the coolant inlet duct 4 is situated in the upper part at one end of a lateral face of the casing 3, upstream of said first transverse barrier 6a, while the refrigerant outlet duct 5 is located in the lower part of the opposite end of the same side face of the housing 3, downstream of said second transverse barrier 6b.
  • the deflecting effect is obtained thanks to the contact between the transverse protuberances 6 of the respective tubes 2, so that the deflectors or transverse barriers 6a and 6b created force the flow of refrigerant fluid to fill the inside of the exchanger 1 in all the directions, but with an appropriate distribution of the refrigerant flow from the inlet 4 to the outlet 5 of refrigerant, thus avoiding a direct flow of coolant flow from the inlet to the outlet thereof.
  • the flow generated within the housing has a "Z" shape, which differs completely from the refrigerant flow paths in the stacked plate heat exchangers known in the art that utilize a transverse protuberance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un échangeur thermique pour gaz, en particulier pour les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur. L'invention s'applique tout spécialement dans les échangeurs thermiques de recirculation des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur (EGRC).The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gas, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine. The invention is particularly applicable in heat exchangers of engine exhaust gas recirculation (EGRC).

Contexte de l'inventionContext of the invention

Dans quelques échangeurs thermiques pour le refroidissement de gaz, par exemple ceux utilisés dans des systèmes de recirculation des gaz d'échappement vers l'admission d'un moteur à explosion, les deux milieux qui échangent de la chaleur sont séparés par une paroi.In some heat exchangers for gas cooling, for example those used in exhaust gas recirculation systems to the inlet of an internal combustion engine, the two heat exchanging media are separated by a wall.

La configuration actuelle des échangeurs EGR présents sur le marché correspond à un échangeur thermique métallique généralement fabriqué en acier inoxydable ou en aluminium.The current configuration of EGR exchangers on the market is a metal heat exchanger typically made of stainless steel or aluminum.

Fondamentalement, il y a deux types d'échangeurs de chaleur EGR: un premier type consiste en un boîtier à l'intérieur duquel on dispose un faisceau de tubes parallèles pour le passage des gaz, le réfrigérant circulant dans le boîtier, à l'extérieur des tubes, et le second type se compose d'une série de plaques parallèles qui constituent les surfaces d'échange de chaleur, de sorte que les gaz d'échappement et le réfrigérant circulent entre deux plaques, en couches alternées, avec possibilité d'inclure des ailettes pour améliorer l'échange de chaleur.Basically, there are two types of EGR heat exchanger: a first type consists of a housing inside which there is a bundle of parallel tubes for the passage of gases, the refrigerant circulating in the housing, outside tubes, and the second type consists of a series of parallel plates which constitute the heat exchange surfaces, so that the exhaust gases and the refrigerant circulate between two plates, in alternating layers, with the possibility of include fins to improve heat exchange.

Dans le cas d'échangeurs de chaleur à faisceau de tubes, l'assemblage entre les tubes et le boîtier peut être de différents types. Généralement, les tubes sont fixés par leurs extrémités entre deux plaques de support raccordées à chaque extrémité du boîtier, les deux plaques de support présentant une pluralité d'orifices pour l'installation des tubes respectifs.In the case of tube bundle heat exchangers, the assembly between the tubes and the housing can be of different types. Generally, the tubes are fixed at their ends between two support plates connected to each end of the housing, the two support plates having a plurality of orifices for the installation of the respective tubes.

Lesdites plaques de support sont fixées à leur tour à des moyens de raccordement avec la ligne de recirculation, qui peuvent consister en un montage en V ou bien en un collet périphérique de raccordement ou bride, en fonction de la conception de la ligne de recirculation dans laquelle est assemblé l'échangeur. Le collet périphérique peut être assemblé avec un réservoir à gaz, de façon à ce que le réservoir à gaz soit une pièce intermédiaire entre le boîtier et le collet, ou bien le collet peut être assemblé directement au boîtier.Said support plates are in turn fastened to connection means with the recirculation line, which may consist of a V-shaped connection or a peripheral collar or flange, depending on the design of the recirculation line in which is connected the exchanger. The peripheral collar can be assembled with a gas tank, so that the gas tank is a part intermediate between the housing and the collar, or the collar can be assembled directly to the housing.

Dans les deux types d'échangeurs EGR, la plupart de leurs composants sont métalliques, de sorte qu'ils sont assemblés par des moyens mécaniques et ensuite soudés au four ou soudés à l'arc ou au laser pour assurer l'étanchéité appropriée que requiert cette application. Dans certains cas, ils peuvent également comprendre quelques composants en plastique, qui peuvent avoir une seule fonction ou plusieurs fonctions intégrées dans une seule pièce.In both types of EGR exchangers, most of their components are metallic, so that they are assembled by mechanical means and then oven-welded or arc-welded or laser-welded to ensure the proper sealing required this application. In some cases, they may also include some plastic components, which may have a single function or several functions integrated in one piece.

Une des conditions à remplir par les échangeurs thermiques EGR est de maintenir une répartition appropriée du flux de fluide réfrigérant pour assurer une bonne efficacité et une durabilité suffisante. Si la répartition du flux de fluide réfrigérant n'est pas suffisamment bonne, l'efficacité peut diminuer et peut apparaître un phénomène d'ébullition, qui affectera la durabilité de l'échangeur thermique soumis à fatigue thermique.One of the conditions to be fulfilled by the EGR heat exchangers is to maintain an appropriate distribution of the coolant flow to ensure good efficiency and sufficient durability. If the distribution of the coolant flow is not good enough, the efficiency may decrease and may appear a boiling phenomenon, which will affect the durability of the heat exchanger subjected to thermal fatigue.

La répartition du flux de fluide réfrigérant dépend fondamentalement de l'emplacement des conduits d'entrée et de sortie du fluide réfrigérant. Une recommandation générale est que le conduit de sortie du fluide réfrigérant doit être situé dans la partie supérieure de l'échangeur, tandis que le conduit d'entrée du fluide réfrigérant doit être situé à l'opposé dans la partie inférieure de l'échangeur, et plus la distance qui existe entre les deux conduits d'entrée et de sortie du fluide réfrigérant est grande, meilleure est la répartition du fluide réfrigérant.The distribution of the coolant flow depends fundamentally on the location of the inlet and outlet conduits of the refrigerant. A general recommendation is that the coolant outlet duct must be located in the upper part of the exchanger, while the coolant inlet duct must be located opposite in the lower part of the exchanger, and the greater the distance between the two inlet and outlet conduits of the coolant, the better the distribution of the coolant.

Il arrive que la configuration du circuit de fluide réfrigérant du moteur ne soit pas conçue pour pouvoir respecter de manière simple les recommandations citées; il est alors nécessaire d'utiliser des déflecteurs supplémentaires pour obtenir que le flux de fluide réfrigérant atteigne la totalité de l'espace intérieur de l'échangeur thermique. D'autre part, l'emploi de déflecteurs augmente le prix de l'échangeur et rend plus complexe le processus d'assemblage, ce qui implique des investissements importants pour permettre l'assemblage du déflecteur.It is possible that the configuration of the refrigerant circuit of the engine is not designed to be able to comply in a simple manner with the recommendations cited; it is then necessary to use additional baffles to obtain that the flow of refrigerant fluid reaches the entire interior space of the heat exchanger. On the other hand, the use of baffles increases the price of the exchanger and makes more complex the assembly process, which involves significant investments to allow the assembly of the deflector.

Les brevets JP2000292089 et JP2000283666 décrivent des échangeurs thermiques à faisceau de tubes qui comprennent une pluralité de déflecteurs transversaux en forme de plaques disposés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier de section circulaire. La conception desdits déflecteurs ressemble beaucoup à la configuration des plaques de support situées aux deux extrémités du boîtier; le diamètre de ces déflecteurs est égal au diamètre intérieur du boîtier et ils comprennent des ouvertures pour permettre au fluide réfrigérant de les traverser. Les positions desdites ouvertures de passage dans les différents déflecteurs sont réparties en alternance.Licences JP2000292089 and JP2000283666 disclose tube bundle heat exchangers which comprise a plurality of plate-shaped cross deflectors disposed within a circular section housing. The design of said baffles is very similar to the configuration of the support plates at both ends of the housing; the diameter of these baffles is equal to the inside diameter of the housing and they include openings to allow the refrigerant fluid to pass through. The positions of said passage openings in the different deflectors are distributed alternately.

Le brevet KR20080013457 décrit un échangeur thermique à faisceau de tubes qui comprend un déflecteur de forme hélicoïdale inséré le long d'un boîtier de section circulaire.
Le brevet US2005161206 A1 décrit un échangeur thermique à plaques empilées dont les conduits d'entrée et sortie de fluide réfrigérant sont situés aux extrémités opposées mais dans la même face latérale du boîtier. Chaque plaque comprend une protubérance transversale emboutie dans la zone d'entrée latérale du fluide réfrigérant, ainsi qu'une pluralité de protubérances plus courtes embouties le long de la plaque, susceptibles de répartir le fluide réfrigérant depuis sa zone d'entrée latérale à travers toute la surface des plaques.
Le brevet US2008169093 A1 décrit un échangeur thermique à plaques empilées dont les conduits d'entrée et sortie de fluide réfrigérant sont situés aux extrémités opposées et sur les faces opposées du boîtier de l'échangeur. Chaque plaque comprend une protubérance transversale emboutie dans la zone d'entrée latérale du fluide réfrigérant, ainsi qu'une pluralité de protubérances plus courtes embouties le long de la plaque, susceptibles de répartir le fluide réfrigérant depuis sa zone d'entrée latérale à travers toute la surface des plaques.The patent KR20080013457 discloses a tube bundle heat exchanger which comprises a helical shaped baffle inserted along a circular section housing.
The patent US2005161206 A1 discloses a stacked plate heat exchanger whose coolant inlet and outlet conduits are located at opposite ends but in the same side face of the housing. Each plate includes a transverse protuberance embossed in the lateral entry zone of the refrigerant fluid, as well as a plurality of shorter protuberances stamped along the plate, capable of distributing the refrigerant fluid from its lateral entry zone through any the surface of the plates.
The patent US2008169093 A1 discloses a stacked plate heat exchanger having the coolant inlet and outlet conduits at opposite ends and opposite sides of the exchanger housing. Each plate includes a transverse protuberance embossed in the lateral entry zone of the refrigerant fluid, as well as a plurality of shorter protuberances stamped along the plate, capable of distributing the refrigerant fluid from its lateral entry zone through any the surface of the plates.

Les documents JP 2004 263616 A , US 2009/126918 A1 , US 2010/044019 A1 , US 3 291 081 et FR 2 936 043 décrivent également de tels échangeurs.The documents JP 2004 263616 A , US 2009/126918 A1 , US 2010/044019 A1 , US 3,291,081 and FR 2 936 043 also describe such exchangers.

Toutefois, on ne connaît pas d'échangeurs thermiques à faisceau de tubes qui présentent sur les tubes des protubérances transversales par rapport à la direction des gaz, afin d'améliorer la répartition du flux de fluide réfrigérant, ce qui serait souhaitable.However, there are no known heat exchangers tube bundle which have on the tubes protrusions transverse to the direction of the gas, to improve the distribution of the coolant flow, which would be desirable.

Description de l'inventionDescription of the invention

L'objectif de l'échangeur thermique pour gaz, en particulier les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, selon la présente invention est de résoudre les inconvénients que présentent les échangeurs connus dans l'art, en proposant un échangeur thermique qui permette d'améliorer la répartition du flux de fluide réfrigérant qui le traverse tout en évitant le recours à des déflecteurs.The objective of the gas heat exchanger, in particular the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the present invention is to solve the disadvantages that the exchangers known in the art present by proposing a heat exchanger which allows improve the distribution of the flow of refrigerant through it while avoiding the use of deflectors.

L'échangeur thermique pour gaz, en particulier pour les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, selon la présente invention est du type qui comprend une pluralité de tubes parallèles, disposés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier, par lesquels circulent les gaz à refroidir par échange thermique avec un fluide de refroidissement et dans lequel les conduits d'entrée et sortie de fluide réfrigérant sont chacun disposés à une extrémité opposée du boîtier, de préférence d'un même côté dudit boîtier; chaque tube comprend une protubérance faisant face à la direction des gaz, lesdits tubes étant susceptibles d'être assemblés par empilement l'un sur l'autre de sorte que les protubérances des tubes respectifs définissent une barrière, en forme de déflecteur, destinée à créer une trajectoire prédéterminée susceptible de garantir une répartition appropriée du flux de fluide réfrigérant depuis son entrée jusqu'à sa sortie autour des tubes et le long de l'échangeur; les tubes parallèles présentent une section sensiblement rectangulaire, chaque tube comprenant une protubérance transversale par rapport à la direction des gaz, de sorte que lesdites protubérances transversales des tubes respectifs définissent une barrière transversale sensiblement verticale, il se caractérise en ce que les tubes sont orientés de façon à ce que la moitié supérieure du faisceau de tubes présente ses protubérances transversales respectives situées à une distance d'à peu près un tiers de la longueur du tube par rapport à l'entrée des gaz, définissant ainsi une première barrière transversale verticale, tandis que la moitié inférieure du faisceau de tubes présente ses protubérances transversales respectives situées à une distance d'à peu près deux tiers de la longueur du tube par rapport à l'entrée des gaz, définissant ainsi une seconde barrière transversale verticale, de sorte que les deux barrières transversales définissent une trajectoire sous forme de "Z" pour le flux de fluide réfrigérant, le conduit d'entrée de fluide réfrigérant étant situé dans la partie supérieure à une extrémité d'une face latérale du boîtier, en amont de ladite première barrière transversale, et le conduit de sortie de fluide réfrigérant étant situé dans la partie inférieure de l'extrémité opposée de la même face latérale du boîtier, en aval de ladite seconde barrière transversale.The gas heat exchanger, in particular for the exhaust gas of an engine, according to the present invention is of the type which comprises a plurality of parallel tubes, arranged inside a housing, through which the gases circulate. cooling by heat exchange with a cooling fluid and wherein the refrigerant inlet and outlet conduits are each disposed at an opposite end of the housing, preferably on the same side of said housing; each tube comprises a protuberance facing the direction of the gases, said tubes being capable of being stacked together so that the protuberances of the respective tubes define a barrier, in the form of a baffle, for creating a predetermined path capable of ensuring an appropriate distribution of the flow of refrigerant fluid from its inlet to its exit around the tubes and along the exchanger; the parallel tubes have a substantially rectangular section, each tube comprising a protuberance transverse to the direction of the gases, so that said transverse protuberances of the respective tubes define a substantially vertical transverse barrier, it is characterized in that the tubes are oriented from whereby the upper half of the tube bundle has respective transverse protuberances located at a distance of about one-third of the length of the tube from the gas inlet, thereby defining a first vertical transverse barrier, while that the lower half of the tube bundle has its respective transverse protuberances located at a distance of about two-thirds of the length of the tube from the gas inlet, thereby defining a second vertical transverse barrier, so that the two transversal barriers define a trajec in the form of "Z" for the refrigerant flow, the refrigerant inlet duct being located in the upper part at one end of a lateral face of the casing, upstream of said first transverse barrier, and the duct coolant outlet outlet being located in the lower portion of the opposite end of the same side face of the housing, downstream of said second transverse barrier.

Grâce à l'utilisation des protubérances sur les tubes on évite l'emploi de déflecteurs tels que ceux connus dans l'état de la technique. De cette façon, en orientant la protubérance de chaque tube d'une manière adéquate pendant le processus d'assemblage du faisceau de tubes, on parvient à créer une barrière qui joue le rôle d'un déflecteur, capable de diriger le flux de fluide réfrigérant à travers l'intérieur de l'échangeur thermique, en permettant ainsi une répartition améliorée dudit flux de fluide réfrigérant.Thanks to the use of the protuberances on the tubes, the use of deflectors such as those known in the state of the art is avoided. In this way, by orienting the protuberance of each tube in a suitable manner during the assembly process of the bundle of tubes, it is possible to create a barrier which acts as a deflector, capable of directing the flow of refrigerant fluid. through the interior of the heat exchanger, thus allowing an improved distribution of said refrigerant flow.

On obtient l'effet déflecteur susvisé grâce au contact des protubérances des tubes respectifs, de sorte que la barrière ou déflecteur obtenue force la circulation du fluide réfrigérant pour qu'il s'écoule selon une trajectoire convenant pour obtenir une bonne répartition du fluide réfrigérant.The above-mentioned deflecting effect is obtained by contacting the protuberances of the respective tubes, so that the barrier or deflector obtained forces the circulation of the refrigerant fluid so that it flows along a path suitable for obtaining a good distribution of the refrigerant fluid.

Grâce à cet effet déflecteur, la turbulence créée dans toutes les directions et la trajectoire améliorée depuis l'entrée jusqu'à la sortie du fluide réfrigérant permettent d'accroître le refroidissement du faisceau de tubes. Il convient de souligner que, sans cet effet déflecteur, le flux de fluide réfrigérant effectuerait un parcours directement de l'entrée à la sortie sans circuler autour des tubes, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable.Thanks to this deflector effect, the turbulence created in all directions and the improved trajectory from the inlet to the outlet of the refrigerant fluid makes it possible to increase the cooling of the bundle of tubes. It should be emphasized that without this deflector effect, the flow of refrigerant would flow directly from the inlet to the outlet without circulating around the tubes, which is undesirable.

Cette solution est particulièrement avantageuse quand le fluide réfrigérant entre et sort de l'échangeur par le même côté du boîtier.This solution is particularly advantageous when the refrigerant enters and leaves the exchanger on the same side of the housing.

Les déflecteurs ou barrières transversales créées forcent le flux de fluide réfrigérant à remplir l'intérieur de l'échangeur dans toutes les directions, mais avec une répartition appropriée du flux de fluide réfrigérant de l'entrée à la sortie de fluide réfrigérant, évitant ainsi un parcours direct de flux de fluide réfrigérant de l'entrée à la sortie de celui-ci. En outre, le flux provoqué à l'intérieur du boîtier a une forme de "Z", qui diffère complètement des trajectoires de flux de fluide réfrigérant dans les échangeurs à plaques empilées connus dans l'art qui utilisent une protubérance transversale.The deflectors or cross barriers created force the flow of refrigerant fluid to fill the inside of the exchanger in all directions, but with an appropriate distribution of the refrigerant flow from the inlet to the coolant outlet, thus avoiding a direct flow of refrigerant flow from the inlet to the outlet thereof. In addition, the flow generated within the housing has a "Z" shape, which differs completely from the refrigerant flow paths in the stacked plate heat exchangers known in the art that utilize a transverse protuberance.

Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque tube comprend une seule protubérance transversale située sur une de ses faces.According to one embodiment, each tube comprises a single transverse protuberance located on one of its faces.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, chaque tube comprend deux protubérances transversales situées sur les faces opposées du tube.According to another embodiment, each tube comprises two transverse protuberances located on the opposite faces of the tube.

Avantageusement, chaque tube comprend une pluralité de saillies, de préférence de section circulaire, réparties le long du tube, destinées à l'appui et l'assemblage entre les tubes adjacents, qui délimitent à leur tour un espace prédéterminé entre les tubes pour le passage du fluide réfrigérant.Advantageously, each tube comprises a plurality of projections, preferably of circular section, distributed along the tube, intended for support and assembly between the adjacent tubes, which in turn delimit a predetermined space between the tubes for the passage refrigerant.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Afin de faciliter la description de ce que nous avons exposé précédemment, nous joignons des dessins sur lesquels, schématiquement et uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, est représenté un cas pratique de mode de réalisation de l'échangeur thermique pour gaz, en particulier pour les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, selon l'invention, parmi lesquels:

  • la Figure 1 est une vue en perspective de l'échangeur thermique selon la présente invention, montrant le boîtier avec le faisceau de tubes et les deux conduits d'entrée et sortie de fluide réfrigérant;
  • la Figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un tube, montrant la protubérance transversale et les saillies d'appui;
  • la Figure 3 est une vue de profil d'un tube avec une seule protubérance transversale, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la Figure 4 est une vue de profil du tube avec deux protubérances transversales disposées sur des faces opposées, selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la Figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'échangeur thermique de la Figure 1, montrant un plan de coupe longitudinale T; et
  • la Figure 6 est une section longitudinale de l'échangeur thermique suivant plan de coupe T représenté sur la Figure 5.
In order to facilitate the description of what we have explained above, we enclose drawings in which, schematically and solely by way of non-limiting example, is shown a practical case of embodiment of the gas heat exchanger, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the invention, among which:
  • the Figure 1 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger according to the present invention, showing the housing with the tube bundle and the two refrigerant inlet and outlet conduits;
  • the Figure 2 is a perspective view of a tube, showing the transverse protuberance and the support projections;
  • the Figure 3 is a profile view of a tube with a single transverse protuberance, according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 4 is a profile view of the tube with two transverse protuberances disposed on opposite sides, according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 5 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of the Figure 1 , showing a longitudinal sectional plane T; and
  • the Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the heat exchanger along sectional plane T shown in FIG. Figure 5 .

Description d'un mode de réalisation préféréDescription of a preferred embodiment

Si l'on se reporte à la Figure 1, l'échangeur thermique 1 pour gaz, en particulier pour les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, selon la présente invention est du type qui comprend une pluralité de tubes 2 parallèles de section sensiblement rectangulaire, disposés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier 3, par lesquels circulent les gaz à refroidir par échange thermique avec un fluide de refroidissement. De même, il comprend deux conduits d'entrée 4 et de sortie 5 de fluide réfrigérant disposés aux extrémités opposées et dans un même côté dudit boîtier 3.If we go back to Figure 1 , the heat exchanger 1 for gas, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the present invention is of the type which comprises a plurality of parallel tubes 2 of substantially rectangular section, arranged inside a housing 3, through which circulate the gases to be cooled by heat exchange with a cooling fluid. Similarly, it comprises two inlet ducts 4 and 5 of coolant outlet arranged at the opposite ends and in one and the same side of said casing 3.

Comme on peut le discerner sur la Figure 2, chaque tube 2 comprend une protubérance transversale 6 par rapport à la direction des gaz, située, en partant d'une de ses extrémités, à une distance d'à peu près le tiers de la longueur du tube.As can be discerned on the Figure 2 each tube 2 comprises a transverse protuberance 6 with respect to the direction of the gases, situated, starting from one of its ends, at a distance of approximately one-third of the length of the tube.

Les tubes 2 peuvent comporter une seule protubérance transversale 6 située sur une de leurs faces (voir Figure 3) ou bien peuvent comporter deux protubérances transversales 6 situées sur les faces opposées du tube 2 (voir Figure 4).The tubes 2 may comprise a single transverse protuberance 6 located on one of their faces (see Figure 3 ) or may comprise two transverse protuberances 6 located on the opposite faces of the tube 2 (see Figure 4 ).

Chaque tube 2 comprend également une pluralité de saillies 7 de section circulaire réparties le long du tube 2, destinées à l'appui et l'assemblage entre les tubes 2 adjacents, qui délimitent à leur tour un espace prédéterminé entre les tubes 2 pour le passage du fluide réfrigérant.Each tube 2 also comprises a plurality of projections 7 of circular section distributed along the tube 2, intended for support and assembly between the adjacent tubes 2, which in turn delimit a predetermined space between the tubes 2 for the passage refrigerant.

Sur la Figure 6 on a représenté une section longitudinale de l'échangeur thermique 1 suivant un plan de coupe T illustré sur la Figure 5. Dans ce cas, les tubes 2 sont assemblés par empilement l'un sur l'autre et orientés de façon à ce que la moitié supérieure du faisceau de tubes 2 présente ses protubérances transversales 6 respectives situées à une distance d'à peu près un tiers de la longueur du tube 2 par rapport à l'entrée des gaz, définissant ainsi une première barrière transversale verticale 6a, tandis que la moitié inférieure du faisceau de tubes 2 présente ses protubérances transversales 6 respectives situées à une distance d'à peu près deux tiers de la longueur du tube 2 par rapport à l'entrée des gaz, définissant ainsi une seconde barrière transversale verticale 6b. De cette façon, les deux barrières transversales 6a et 6b définissent une trajectoire en forme de "Z" pour le flux de fluide réfrigérant, comme le montrent les flèches représentées sur la Figure 6.On the Figure 6 there is shown a longitudinal section of the heat exchanger 1 according to a sectional plane T illustrated on the Figure 5 . In this case, the tubes 2 are assembled by stacking one on the other and oriented so that the upper half of the tube bundle 2 has its respective transverse protuberances 6 located at a distance from to about a third of the length of the tube 2 relative to the gas inlet, thereby defining a first vertical transverse barrier 6a, while the lower half of the tube bundle 2 has its respective transverse protuberances 6 at a distance of approximately two thirds of the length of the tube 2 relative to the gas inlet, thus defining a second vertical transverse barrier 6b. In this way, the two transverse barriers 6a and 6b define a "Z" -shaped path for the coolant flow, as shown by the arrows shown in FIG. Figure 6 .

Dans ce cas, le conduit d'entrée 4 de fluide réfrigérant est situé dans la partie supérieure à une extrémité d'une face latérale du boîtier 3, en amont de ladite première barrière transversale 6a, tandis que le conduit de sortie 5 de fluide réfrigérant est situé dans la partie inférieure de l'extrémité opposée de la même face latérale du boîtier 3, en aval de ladite seconde barrière transversale 6b.In this case, the coolant inlet duct 4 is situated in the upper part at one end of a lateral face of the casing 3, upstream of said first transverse barrier 6a, while the refrigerant outlet duct 5 is located in the lower part of the opposite end of the same side face of the housing 3, downstream of said second transverse barrier 6b.

On obtient l'effet déflecteur susvisé grâce au contact entre les protubérances transversales 6 des tubes 2 respectifs, de sorte que les déflecteurs ou barrières transversales 6a et 6b créées forcent le flux de fluide réfrigérant à remplir l'intérieur de l'échangeur 1 dans toutes les directions, mais avec une répartition appropriée du flux de fluide réfrigérant de l'entrée 4 à la sortie 5 de fluide réfrigérant, évitant ainsi un parcours direct de flux de fluide réfrigérant de l'entrée à la sortie de celui-ci. En outre, le flux provoqué à l'intérieur du boîtier a une forme de "Z", qui diffère complètement des trajectoires de flux de fluide réfrigérant dans les échangeurs à plaques empilées connus dans l'art qui utilisent une protubérance transversale.The above-mentioned deflecting effect is obtained thanks to the contact between the transverse protuberances 6 of the respective tubes 2, so that the deflectors or transverse barriers 6a and 6b created force the flow of refrigerant fluid to fill the inside of the exchanger 1 in all the directions, but with an appropriate distribution of the refrigerant flow from the inlet 4 to the outlet 5 of refrigerant, thus avoiding a direct flow of coolant flow from the inlet to the outlet thereof. In addition, the flow generated within the housing has a "Z" shape, which differs completely from the refrigerant flow paths in the stacked plate heat exchangers known in the art that utilize a transverse protuberance.

Bien que l'on ait fait référence à un mode de réalisation concret de l'invention, il est évident pour un homme du métier que l'échangeur thermique pour gaz, en particulier pour les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, décrit ici est susceptible de nombreuses variantes et modifications et que tous les détails mentionnés peuvent être remplacés par d'autres techniquement équivalents, sans que l'on s'écarte du cadre de protection défini par les revendications ci-jointes.Although reference has been made to a concrete embodiment of the invention, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the heat exchanger for gas, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, is described here. is subject to many variations and modifications and that all the details mentioned may be replaced by other technically equivalent ones, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

  1. Gas heat exchanger (1), in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, that includes a plurality of parallel tubes (2) that are arranged inside a casing (3) and through which flow the gases to be cooled by heat exchange with a coolant, and in which the coolant inlet and outlet conduits (4, 5) are each arranged at an opposing extremity of the casing (3), preferably on a single side of said casing (3), wherein each tube (2) has a protuberance (6) opposing the direction of the gases, it being possible to assemble said tubes (2) by stacking same on one another such that the protuberances (6) of the respective tubes (2) form a barrier (6a, 6b), in the form of a deflector, intended to create a predetermined pathway guaranteeing an appropriate distribution of the coolant flow from the inlet (4) of same to the outlet (5) of same about the tubes (2) and along the entire length of the exchanger (1), and wherein the parallel tubes (2) have a substantially rectangular section, each tube (2) having a protuberance (6) transverse to the direction of the gases, such that said transverse protuberances (6) of the respective tubes (2) form a substantially vertical transverse barrier (6a, 6b), characterized in that the tubes (2) are oriented such that the respective transverse protuberances (6) of the top half of the set of tubes (2) are located at a distance of approximately one third of the length of the tube (2) from the gas inlet, thereby forming a first vertical transverse barrier (6a), while the respective transverse protuberances (6) of the bottom half of the set of tubes (2) are located at a distance of approximately two thirds of the length of the tube (2) from the gas inlet, thereby forming a second vertical transverse barrier (6b), such that the two transverse barriers (6a, 6b) form a Z-shaped pathway for the coolant flow, the coolant inlet conduit (4) being located in the upper portion at one extremity of a side face of the casing (3), upstream of said first transverse barrier (6a), and the coolant outlet conduit (5) being located in the lower portion of the opposing extremity of the same side face of the casing (3), downstream of said second transverse barrier (6b).
  2. Exchanger (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that each tube (2) has just one transverse protuberance (6) located on one of the faces of same.
  3. Exchanger (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that each tube (2) has two transverse protuberances (6) located on opposing faces of the tube (2).
  4. Exchanger (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that each tube (2) has a plurality of projections (7), preferably of circular section, that are distributed along the tube (2) and used to support and assemble adjacent tubes (2) on one another, said tubes (2) in turn delimiting a predetermined space between the tubes (2) for the coolant to pass through.
EP13801494.9A 2012-11-28 2013-11-22 Gas heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gases of an engine Active EP2926077B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ES201231852A ES2463616B1 (en) 2012-11-28 2012-11-28 Heat exchanger for gases, especially the exhaust gases of an engine
PCT/EP2013/074480 WO2014082931A1 (en) 2012-11-28 2013-11-22 Gas heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gases of an engine

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EP2926077A1 (en) 2015-10-07
US20150308387A1 (en) 2015-10-29
ES2716569T3 (en) 2019-06-13
ES2463616A1 (en) 2014-05-28
ES2463616B1 (en) 2015-03-04
CN104981678B (en) 2018-11-27
CN104981678A (en) 2015-10-14
KR20150088872A (en) 2015-08-03
WO2014082931A1 (en) 2014-06-05
KR101694083B1 (en) 2017-01-06

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