EP1533585B1 - Stacked plate heat exchanger - Google Patents

Stacked plate heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1533585B1
EP1533585B1 EP04105885A EP04105885A EP1533585B1 EP 1533585 B1 EP1533585 B1 EP 1533585B1 EP 04105885 A EP04105885 A EP 04105885A EP 04105885 A EP04105885 A EP 04105885A EP 1533585 B1 EP1533585 B1 EP 1533585B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
category
pipes
heat exchanger
distributors
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04105885A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1533585A2 (en
EP1533585A3 (en
Inventor
Christophe Bouzon
Jean-Antoine Gruss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP1533585A2 publication Critical patent/EP1533585A2/en
Publication of EP1533585A3 publication Critical patent/EP1533585A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1533585B1 publication Critical patent/EP1533585B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/14—Fastening; Joining by using form fitting connection, e.g. with tongue and groove

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention relates to a plate heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchangers are commonly used in several technical fields, such as transport, air conditioning, thermal or fuel cells. Many families also exist if one considers their structure, or the way the fluid transport channels are constructed and arranged.
  • the heat exchangers of which the invention comprises include plates in which the fluid transport channels are dug.
  • Such a structure offers the advantages of being compact while having good mechanical strength, particularly with regard to high pressure fluids.
  • a recent example is described in the document US 6,467,535 B1 , wherein the plates comprise an outer envelope circumscribing a volume that partitions, in one piece with the envelope, divide into channels of flow of the two fluids.
  • Such plates can be manufactured in one piece by an extrusion process which, together with a sufficient thickness of the envelope and partitions, provides the desired strength.
  • the heat exchanger plate comprises an outer envelope and partitions dividing a volume circumscribed by the envelope in channels, and the envelope has reliefs, the reliefs and channels extending in the same direction longitudinal, a first category of channels extends into the reliefs, and the reliefs and the envelope are cut on a portion in the longitudinal direction by opening the channels of the first category.
  • the reliefs can be established on two opposite sides of the envelope.
  • Plates of this type belong to the known art represented by US-A-4,746,479 and by EP-A-1 471 321 , the latter document being relevant under Article 54 (3) EPC.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least one of these plates in a stack, as well as a frame surrounding the stack and fluid inlet and outlet ducts passing through the frame and communicating with the channels, and it is remarkable in that the conduits comprise on the one hand ducts communicating with the channels of the first category and extending from a first side of the frame, and on the other hand conduits communicating to a second category of channels (separated from the first by the partitions and carrying the other fluid) and extending from a second side of the frame that is different from the first.
  • the frame comprises four rectangular sides, the first side and the second side of which are perpendicular to each other; the last two sides, or one of them, may comprise other fluid inlet and outlet ducts or connecting ducts between two plates.
  • the frame may also simply consist of two independent parts at the ends of the ducts.
  • the lateral sealing of the plates is achieved by assembling the lateral end reliefs thereof.
  • the fundamental advantage of the invention is that the inlet and outlet ducts of two fluids are not intertwined or adjacent, but separate, the ducts leading to the channels extending in the reliefs being placed on a lateral side of the chamber. plate, and the ducts leading to the other channels being placed on a longitudinal end side of the plate.
  • the channels of the two categories may take different forms, but it is advantageous that at least those of the first category have an oblong section, those of the second category having a section of more regular shape.
  • the exchange surface is increased if the channels have delimiting surfaces which are grooved in the longitudinal direction.
  • the plates are advantageously constructed by extrusion.
  • a heat exchanger plate has the section illustrated in Figure 1, with an outer shell 1 comprising periodic reliefs 2 protruding on two main faces 3 and 4 and opposite of this plate 5 and which extend in a longitudinal direction ; the plate 5 further comprises partitions 6 extending from one face 3 to the other 4 under the plumbs of the reliefs 2, and also extending in the longitudinal direction. These partitions 6 delimit channels 7 and 8, of which those of a first category 7 extend under the reliefs 2 and in them, and those of a second category 8 extend between the reliefs 2 alternating with the previous ones.
  • the first category channels 7 have a substantially rectangular or oblong section, and those of the second category 8 have a section of more regular size.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates with the arrows A that a fluid is introduced onto the plate 5 flows, by the notch 10 thus formed, in all the channels of the first category 7, and also, on the second category channels 8, in channels of the third category 9 extending between the reliefs 2.
  • One of the heat exchange fluids will actually follow these paths and the other will flow into the second category channels 8 according to the arrows B.
  • the notch 10 does not reach the channels of the second category 8, the fluids remain separated.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 which illustrate elliptic first-category channels 7 and circular and elliptical second-category channels 8 respectively;
  • FIG. 5 shows that the channels 7 and 8 may have delimiting walls provided with longitudinal micro-grooves 11 giving them a serrated section which increases the heat exchange surface between the fluids. This provision will therefore be adopted before any on the side walls, which are the faces of the partitions 6.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a stack of plates 5, the reliefs 2 of stacked plates 5 being in mutual support and closing the sections of the third category channels 9.
  • the exchanger can be completed by a frame 12 assembled around the stack plates 5 (which also includes two end plates, solid, not shown).
  • the frame 12 has four rectangular sides, and adjusts around the plates 5 by connecting to the channels 7 and 8. It is composed of elementary frames 15 of height at least equal to the plates 5, which they respectively surround and which are stacked like them.
  • the channels 8 of the second category are disengaged by machining beyond the notch 10 and fit in slots 40 machined in a first side 14 of the elementary frames 15.
  • a second side 16 of the elementary frames 15, adjacent to the previous it is noted that the heat exchange is effected by all sides of the channels 8 of the second category, to the channels 7 and 9 of first and third category which surround them almost completely, and that is very good.
  • the tightness and cohesion of the heat exchanger are provided by solders or glues 42 between the elementary frames 15.
  • the seal can also be made by welding at the periphery. The addition of gaskets is not necessary elsewhere.
  • the assembly is completed by distributors such as that of FIG. 8.
  • the first side 14 receives an outlet distributor 18 of the second fluid and communicates the second category channels 8 with an outlet duct 19.
  • the second side 16 of the frame 12 receives a third distributor 23, which is an inlet distributor of the first fluid and communicates an inlet conduit 24 to the orifices 41, the notches 10 and the first and third category channels 7 and 9
  • a fourth side 25 of the frame 12 receives an outlet distributor 26 of the first fluid provided with a conduit 27; this distributor 26 is at the longitudinal end opposite the preceding distributor 23 of the stack of the plates 5; the distributors 23 and 26, and their connections and communications, are similar.
  • This device allows a countercurrent flow in the heat exchanger. A cocurrent flow configuration is also possible. Other reasons are obviously possible, and one of them is represented in FIG. 9, where the distributors 18 and 23 are replaced by distributors 28 and 29 each having an inlet duct 30 or 31 and a duct 32 or 33 each of which communicates to a respective portion of the dispenser and a respective group of plates 5 and channels.
  • the other distributors 21 and 26 are replaced by blind boxes 34 and 35 allowing the passage of the respective fluid from one group of plates 5 and channels to the other group.
  • This device therefore allows multipass flow configurations on each of the two fluids. Two groups of plates and channels must of course be separated by a continuous plate.
  • the plates 5 can be constructed by an extrusion process using a suitable material, metal or polymer, which gives them a unitary structure with uniform section, then a simple machining is performed to make the notches 10. It is possible to leave abutments 36 to limit the depression of the plates 5 in the longitudinal ends of the frame 12. It should also be mentioned the possibility, shown in Figure 10, to build the ends of the plates 5 in the transverse direction with complementary shapes 37 and 38, to allow butt jointing resulting in a larger resultant plate.
  • a frame construction 12 completely surrounding the plates 5 is not necessary to construct a heat exchanger. It is possible to use end pieces, placed only at the longitudinal ends of the plates. As in the previous embodiment, it would be possible to stack and assemble parts having the same height as the plates 5.
  • One of these parts, comb-shaped, is shown in Figure 11 at reference 50. It is consisting of a lower reach 43 and teeth 44 se standing on it. The channels 8 of the second category still fit in the crenellations 45, similar to the crenals 40, separating the teeth 44.
  • the plate 5 is held in place by the lower bearing surface 43 of another end piece 50 that is laid on the previous one and who will receive another plate 5.
  • FIG. 12 An end piece 51 in the form of a perforated plate, through which the ends of the channels 8 of the second category pass through all the stack of the plates 5, is illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • This perforated plate 51 is of unitary structure from the 'origin.
  • Dispensers analogous to the above can communicate to channels 7 and 9 of first and third category, even if the lateral sides of the stack of plates 5 are not coated.
  • the junctions of the plates 5 are brazed or glued, no sealing material being necessary.
  • the invention can be applied to channels having a hydraulic diameter of about 0.5 mm, with a low manufacturing cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

The plate has an outer casing, and partitions separating a volume defined by the casing into channels for flow of fluids. The casing has flat regions (2), where the flat regions and the channels extend in a same longitudinal direction. The flat regions and the casing are provided in a notch (10) in a longitudinal direction by opening one channel that extends till the flat regions. An independent claim is also included for a heat exchanger having several plates.

Description

Le sujet de l'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à plaques.The subject of the invention relates to a plate heat exchanger.

Les échangeurs de chaleur sont couramment utilisés dans plusieurs domaines techniques, comme les transports, la climatisation, la thermique ou les piles à combustible. De nombreuses familles existent aussi si on considère leur structure, ou la façon dont les canaux de transport des fluides sont construits et disposés. Les échangeurs de chaleur dont fait partie l'invention comprennent des plaques dans lesquelles les canaux de transport de fluide sont creusés. Une telle structure offre les avantages d'être compacte tout en ayant une bonne résistance mécanique, notamment à l'égard de fluides à haute pression. Un exemple récent est décrit dans le document US 6 467 535 B1 , où les plaques comprennent une enveloppe extérieure circonscrivant un volume que des cloisons, d'une pièce avec l'enveloppe, divisent en canaux d'écoulement des deux fluides. De telles plaques peuvent être fabriquées d'un seul tenant par un procédé d'extrusion qui, conjointement à une épaisseur suffisante de l'enveloppe et des cloisons, assure la résistance souhaitée.Heat exchangers are commonly used in several technical fields, such as transport, air conditioning, thermal or fuel cells. Many families also exist if one considers their structure, or the way the fluid transport channels are constructed and arranged. The heat exchangers of which the invention comprises include plates in which the fluid transport channels are dug. Such a structure offers the advantages of being compact while having good mechanical strength, particularly with regard to high pressure fluids. A recent example is described in the document US 6,467,535 B1 , wherein the plates comprise an outer envelope circumscribing a volume that partitions, in one piece with the envelope, divide into channels of flow of the two fluids. Such plates can be manufactured in one piece by an extrusion process which, together with a sufficient thickness of the envelope and partitions, provides the desired strength.

Il subsiste cependant un problème de raccordement des canaux des plaques. Comme les canaux sont parallèles et adjacents, les conduits qui apportent les deux fluides à l'échangeur et les en emportent doivent l'être aussi, en alternant sur la largeur de la plaque, ce qui est très contraignant puisque le montage est délicat et que les conduits doivent aussi résister aux pressions de fluides, or il est improbable qu'on puisse les construire avec la même résistance que les canaux. Les raccordements deviennent ainsi les endroits faibles de l'échangeur de chaleur, sans qu'il soit possible de les renforcer.There remains however a problem of connection of the channels of the plates. As the channels are parallel and adjacent, the ducts that bring the two fluids to the exchanger and carry them must also be, alternately on the width of the plate, which is very restrictive since the assembly is delicate and the ducts must also withstand the pressures of fluids, but it is unlikely that they can be built with the same resistance as the channels. The connections thus become the weak places of the heat exchanger, without it being possible to strengthen them.

C'est pourquoi l'invention a été conçue, en utilisant une plaque d'échangeur de chaleur de forme particulière et se prêtant facilement à des raccordements par des moyens simples.This is why the invention has been designed using a heat exchanger plate of particular shape that is easy to connect by simple means.

Sous sa forme générale, la plaque d'échangeur de chaleur comprend une enveloppe extérieure et des cloisons divisant un volume circonscrit par l'enveloppe en canaux, et l'enveloppe possède des reliefs, les reliefs et les canaux s'étendant dans une même direction longitudinale, une première catégorie des canaux s'étend jusque dans les reliefs, et les reliefs et l'enveloppe sont entaillés sur une partie dans la direction longitudinale en ouvrant les canaux de la première catégorie.In its general form, the heat exchanger plate comprises an outer envelope and partitions dividing a volume circumscribed by the envelope in channels, and the envelope has reliefs, the reliefs and channels extending in the same direction longitudinal, a first category of channels extends into the reliefs, and the reliefs and the envelope are cut on a portion in the longitudinal direction by opening the channels of the first category.

Les reliefs peuvent être établis de deux côtés opposés de l'enveloppe.The reliefs can be established on two opposite sides of the envelope.

Des plaques de ce genre appartiennent à l'art connu représenté par US-A-4 746 479 et par EP-A- 1 471 321 , ce dernier document étant pertinent d'après l'article 54(3) de la CBE.Plates of this type belong to the known art represented by US-A-4,746,479 and by EP-A-1 471 321 , the latter document being relevant under Article 54 (3) EPC.

L'échangeur de chaleur conforme à l'invention comprend au moins une de ces plaques dans un empilement, ainsi qu'un cadre entourant l'empilement et des conduits d'entrée et de sortie de fluide traversant le cadre et communiquant aux canaux, et il est remarquable en ce que les conduits comprennent d'une part des conduits communiquant aux canaux de la première catégorie et s'étendant d'un premier côté du cadre, et d'autre part des conduits communiquant à une deuxième catégorie de canaux (séparés des premiers par les cloisons et transportant l'autre fluide) et s'étendant d'un deuxième côté du cadre qui est différent du premier. Typiquement, le cadre comprend quatre côtés en rectangle, dont le premier côté et le deuxième côté cités, qui sont perpendiculaires entre eux ; les deux derniers côtés, ou l'un d'entre eux, peuvent comprendre d'autres conduits d'entrée et de sortie du fluide ou des conduits de raccordement entre deux plaques. Le cadre peut également être simplement constitué de deux pièces indépendantes au niveau des extrémités des conduits.The heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least one of these plates in a stack, as well as a frame surrounding the stack and fluid inlet and outlet ducts passing through the frame and communicating with the channels, and it is remarkable in that the conduits comprise on the one hand ducts communicating with the channels of the first category and extending from a first side of the frame, and on the other hand conduits communicating to a second category of channels (separated from the first by the partitions and carrying the other fluid) and extending from a second side of the frame that is different from the first. Typically, the frame comprises four rectangular sides, the first side and the second side of which are perpendicular to each other; the last two sides, or one of them, may comprise other fluid inlet and outlet ducts or connecting ducts between two plates. The frame may also simply consist of two independent parts at the ends of the ducts.

Dans ce cas l'étanchéité latérale des plaques est réalisée par assemblage des reliefs d'extrémités latéraux de celle-ci.In this case the lateral sealing of the plates is achieved by assembling the lateral end reliefs thereof.

L'avantage fondamental de l'invention est que les conduits d'entrée et de sortie de deux fluides ne sont pas entremêlés ni adjacents, mais séparés, les conduits menant aux canaux s'étendant dans les reliefs étant placés sur un côté latéral de la plaque, et les conduits menant aux autres canaux étant placés sur un côté d'extrémité longitudinal de la plaque.The fundamental advantage of the invention is that the inlet and outlet ducts of two fluids are not intertwined or adjacent, but separate, the ducts leading to the channels extending in the reliefs being placed on a lateral side of the chamber. plate, and the ducts leading to the other channels being placed on a longitudinal end side of the plate.

Les canaux des deux catégories peuvent prendre des formes différentes, mais il est avantageux qu'au moins ceux de la première catégorie aient une section oblongue, ceux de la deuxième catégorie ayant une section de forme plus régulière.The channels of the two categories may take different forms, but it is advantageous that at least those of the first category have an oblong section, those of the second category having a section of more regular shape.

La surface d'échange est accrue si les canaux ont des surfaces délimitantes qui sont rainurées dans la direction longitudinale.The exchange surface is increased if the channels have delimiting surfaces which are grooved in the longitudinal direction.

Les plaques sont avantageusement construites par extrusion.The plates are advantageously constructed by extrusion.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite en liaison aux figures, dont :

  • les figures 1 et 2 illustrent un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 3, 4 et 5 représentent certaines variantes possibles du premier mode,
  • les figures 6 et 7 représentent deux vues d'un empilement de plaque,
  • les figures 8 et 9 deux modes d'échangeur de chaleur,
  • la figure 10 un mode possible d'assemblage de plaques,
  • et les figures 11 et 12 illustrent deux autres modes de réalisation d'échangeur.
The invention will now be described with reference to the figures, of which:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a first embodiment of the invention,
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 show some possible variants of the first mode,
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show two views of a plate stack,
  • Figures 8 and 9 two modes of heat exchanger,
  • FIG. 10 a possible mode of plate assembly,
  • and Figures 11 and 12 illustrate two further embodiments of the exchanger.

Une plaque d'échangeur de chaleur présente la section illustrée à la figure 1, avec une enveloppe 1 extérieure comprenant des reliefs 2 périodiques en saillie sur deux faces principales 3 et 4 et opposées de cette plaque 5 et qui s'étendent dans une direction longitudinale ; la plaque 5 comprend encore des cloisons 6 s'étendant d'une face 3 à l'autre 4 sous les aplombs des reliefs 2, et s'étendant aussi dans la direction longitudinale. Ces cloisons 6 délimitent des canaux 7 et 8, dont ceux d'une première catégorie 7 s'étendent sous les reliefs 2 et en eux, et ceux d'une deuxième catégorie 8 s'étendent entre les reliefs 2 en alternant avec les précédents. Les canaux de première catégorie 7 ont une section sensiblement rectangulaire ou oblongue, et ceux de deuxième catégorie 8 une section de dimension plus régulière.A heat exchanger plate has the section illustrated in Figure 1, with an outer shell 1 comprising periodic reliefs 2 protruding on two main faces 3 and 4 and opposite of this plate 5 and which extend in a longitudinal direction ; the plate 5 further comprises partitions 6 extending from one face 3 to the other 4 under the plumbs of the reliefs 2, and also extending in the longitudinal direction. These partitions 6 delimit channels 7 and 8, of which those of a first category 7 extend under the reliefs 2 and in them, and those of a second category 8 extend between the reliefs 2 alternating with the previous ones. The first category channels 7 have a substantially rectangular or oblong section, and those of the second category 8 have a section of more regular size.

On prévoit que les reliefs 2 soient coupés ou entaillés au moins sur une partie de la longueur de la plaque 5 de manière à ouvrir latéralement les canaux de première catégorie 7. La figure 2 illustre par les flèches A qu'un fluide introduit sur la plaque 5 s'écoule, par l'entaille 10 ainsi formée, dans tous les canaux de première catégorie 7, et aussi, sur les canaux de deuxième catégorie 8, dans des canaux de troisième catégorie 9 s'étendant entre les reliefs 2. Un des fluides d'échange de chaleur suivra effectivement ces chemins et l'autre coulera dans les canaux de deuxième catégorie 8 d'après les flèches B. L'entaille 10 n'atteignant pas les canaux de deuxième catégorie 8, les fluides restent séparés.It is expected that the reliefs 2 are cut or cut at least along part of the length of the plate 5 so as to laterally open the first category channels 7. FIG. 2 illustrates with the arrows A that a fluid is introduced onto the plate 5 flows, by the notch 10 thus formed, in all the channels of the first category 7, and also, on the second category channels 8, in channels of the third category 9 extending between the reliefs 2. One of the heat exchange fluids will actually follow these paths and the other will flow into the second category channels 8 according to the arrows B. The notch 10 does not reach the channels of the second category 8, the fluids remain separated.

On a représenté des canaux 7 et 8 sensiblement rectangulaires ; d'autres sections seraient possibles, comme le représentent les figures 3 et 4 qui illustrent des canaux de première catégorie 7 elliptiques et des canaux de deuxième catégorie 8 respectivement circulaires et elliptiques ; un autre genre d'aménagement est celui de la figure 5, qui montre que les canaux 7 et 8 peuvent présenter des parois les délimitant pourvues de micro-rainures 11 longitudinales leur donnant une section dentelée qui accroît la surface d'échange de chaleur entre les fluides. Cette disposition sera donc adoptée avant tout sur les parois latérales, qui sont les faces des cloisons 6.There are shown substantially rectangular channels 7 and 8; other sections would be possible, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 which illustrate elliptic first-category channels 7 and circular and elliptical second-category channels 8 respectively; another type of arrangement is that of FIG. 5, which shows that the channels 7 and 8 may have delimiting walls provided with longitudinal micro-grooves 11 giving them a serrated section which increases the heat exchange surface between the fluids. This provision will therefore be adopted before any on the side walls, which are the faces of the partitions 6.

Les figures 6 et 7 représentent un empilement de plaques 5, les reliefs 2 de plaques 5 empilées étant en appui mutuel et fermant les sections des canaux de troisième catégorie 9. L'échangeur peut être complété par un cadre 12 assemblé autour de l'empilement des plaques 5 (qui comprend aussi deux plaques d'extrémité, pleines, pas représentées). Le cadre 12 possède quatre côtés en rectangle, et s'ajuste autour des plaques 5 en se raccordant aux canaux 7 et 8. Il est composé de cadres élémentaires 15 de hauteur au moins égale aux plaques 5, qu'ils entourent respectivement et qui sont empilés comme elles. Les canaux 8 de deuxième catégorie sont dégagés par un usinage au-delà de l'entaille 10 et s'ajustent dans des créneaux 40 usinés dans un premier côté 14 des cadres élémentaires 15. Un deuxième côté 16 des cadres élémentaires 15, adjacent au précédent, est percé d'orifices 41 en regard de l'entaille 10. On remarquera que l'échange de chaleur s'effectue par tous les côtés des canaux 8 de deuxième catégorie, vers les canaux 7 et 9 de première et de troisième catégorie qui les entourent presque complètement, et qu'il est donc très bon.Figures 6 and 7 show a stack of plates 5, the reliefs 2 of stacked plates 5 being in mutual support and closing the sections of the third category channels 9. The exchanger can be completed by a frame 12 assembled around the stack plates 5 (which also includes two end plates, solid, not shown). The frame 12 has four rectangular sides, and adjusts around the plates 5 by connecting to the channels 7 and 8. It is composed of elementary frames 15 of height at least equal to the plates 5, which they respectively surround and which are stacked like them. The channels 8 of the second category are disengaged by machining beyond the notch 10 and fit in slots 40 machined in a first side 14 of the elementary frames 15. A second side 16 of the elementary frames 15, adjacent to the previous , it is noted that the heat exchange is effected by all sides of the channels 8 of the second category, to the channels 7 and 9 of first and third category which surround them almost completely, and that is very good.

L'étanchéité et la cohésion de l'échangeur de chaleur sont assurées par des brasures ou des collages 42 entre les cadres élémentaires 15. L'étanchéité peut être également réalisée par soudure en périphérie. L'addition de garnitures d'étanchéité n'est pas nécessaire ailleurs.The tightness and cohesion of the heat exchanger are provided by solders or glues 42 between the elementary frames 15. The seal can also be made by welding at the periphery. The addition of gaskets is not necessary elsewhere.

L'ensemble est complété par des distributeurs comme celui de la figure 8. Le premier côté 14 reçoit un distributeur 18 de sortie du second fluide et fait communiquer les canaux de deuxième catégorie 8 avec un conduit de sortie 19. Un troisième côté 20 du cadre 12, opposé au premier et raccordé aux canaux de deuxième catégorie 8 de la même façon, reçoit un distributeur 21 semblable au précédent et comprenant un conduit 22 d'entrée du second fluide. Le deuxième côté 16 du cadre 12 reçoit un troisième distributeur 23, qui est un distributeur d'entrée du premier fluide et fait communiquer un conduit d'entrée 24 aux orifices 41, aux entailles 10 et aux canaux de première et troisième catégorie 7 et 9. Enfin, un quatrième côté 25 du cadre 12 reçoit un distributeur 26 de sortie du premier fluide pourvu d'un conduit 27 ; ce distributeur 26 est à l'extrémité longitudinale opposée au distributeur 23 précédent de l'empilement des plaques 5 ; les distributeurs 23 et 26, et leurs raccordements et communications, sont semblables.The assembly is completed by distributors such as that of FIG. 8. The first side 14 receives an outlet distributor 18 of the second fluid and communicates the second category channels 8 with an outlet duct 19. A third side 20 of the frame 12, opposite the first and connected to the second category channels 8 in the same way, receives a distributor 21 similar to the previous and comprising a conduit 22 of the second fluid inlet. The second side 16 of the frame 12 receives a third distributor 23, which is an inlet distributor of the first fluid and communicates an inlet conduit 24 to the orifices 41, the notches 10 and the first and third category channels 7 and 9 Finally, a fourth side 25 of the frame 12 receives an outlet distributor 26 of the first fluid provided with a conduit 27; this distributor 26 is at the longitudinal end opposite the preceding distributor 23 of the stack of the plates 5; the distributors 23 and 26, and their connections and communications, are similar.

Ce dispositif autorise un écoulement à contre-courant dans l'échangeur de chaleur. Une configuration d'écoulement à co-courant est également possible. D'autres motifs sont évidemment possibles, et l'un d'entre eux est représenté à la figure 9, où les distributeurs 18 et 23 sont remplacés par des distributeurs 28 et 29 présentant chacun un conduit d'entrée 30 ou 31 et un conduit de sortie 32 ou 33 dont chacun communique à une portion respective du distributeur et à un groupe respectif des plaques 5 et des canaux. Les autres distributeurs 21 et 26 sont remplacés par des boîtes 34 et 35 aveugles autorisant le passage du fluide respectif d'un des groupes des plaques 5 et des canaux à l'autre groupe. Ce dispositif permet donc des configurations d'écoulement multipasses sur chacun des deux fluides. Deux groupes de plaques 5 et de canaux doivent évidemment être séparés par une plaque continue.This device allows a countercurrent flow in the heat exchanger. A cocurrent flow configuration is also possible. Other reasons are obviously possible, and one of them is represented in FIG. 9, where the distributors 18 and 23 are replaced by distributors 28 and 29 each having an inlet duct 30 or 31 and a duct 32 or 33 each of which communicates to a respective portion of the dispenser and a respective group of plates 5 and channels. The other distributors 21 and 26 are replaced by blind boxes 34 and 35 allowing the passage of the respective fluid from one group of plates 5 and channels to the other group. This device therefore allows multipass flow configurations on each of the two fluids. Two groups of plates and channels must of course be separated by a continuous plate.

Les plaques 5 peuvent être construites par un procédé d'extrusion en utilisant une matière convenable, métallique ou en polymère, ce qui leur donne une structure unitaire à section uniforme, puis un usinage simple est accompli pour réaliser les entailles 10. Il est possible de laisser subsister des butées 36 afin de limiter l'enfoncement des plaques 5 dans les extrémités longitudinales du cadre 12. On doit aussi mentionner la possibilité, représentée à la figure 10, de construire les extrémités des plaques 5 en direction transversale avec des formes complémentaires 37 et 38, pour permettre un assemblage par aboutement donnant une plaque résultante plus large.The plates 5 can be constructed by an extrusion process using a suitable material, metal or polymer, which gives them a unitary structure with uniform section, then a simple machining is performed to make the notches 10. It is possible to leave abutments 36 to limit the depression of the plates 5 in the longitudinal ends of the frame 12. It should also be mentioned the possibility, shown in Figure 10, to build the ends of the plates 5 in the transverse direction with complementary shapes 37 and 38, to allow butt jointing resulting in a larger resultant plate.

Une construction au cadre 12 entourant complètement les plaques 5 n'est pas nécessaire pour construire un échangeur de chaleur. Il est possible d'utiliser des pièces d'extrémité, placées seulement aux extrémités longitudinales des plaques. Comme dans la réalisation précédente, il serait possible d'empiler et d'assembler des pièces ayant la même hauteur que les plaques 5. Une de ces pièces, en forme de peigne, est représentée à la figure 11 à la référence 50. Elle est composée d'une portée inférieure 43 et de dents 44 se dressant sur elle. Les canaux 8 de deuxième catégorie s'ajustent encore dans les créneaux 45, analogues aux crénaux 40, séparant les dents 44. La plaque 5 est maintenue en place par la portée inférieure 43 d'une autre pièce d'extrémité 50 qu'on pose sur la précédente et qui recevra une autre plaque 5.A frame construction 12 completely surrounding the plates 5 is not necessary to construct a heat exchanger. It is possible to use end pieces, placed only at the longitudinal ends of the plates. As in the previous embodiment, it would be possible to stack and assemble parts having the same height as the plates 5. One of these parts, comb-shaped, is shown in Figure 11 at reference 50. It is consisting of a lower reach 43 and teeth 44 se standing on it. The channels 8 of the second category still fit in the crenellations 45, similar to the crenals 40, separating the teeth 44. The plate 5 is held in place by the lower bearing surface 43 of another end piece 50 that is laid on the previous one and who will receive another plate 5.

Une pièce d'extrémité 51 en forme de plaque trouée, à travers laquelle passent les extrémités des canaux 8 de deuxième catégorie de tout l'empilement des plaques 5, est illustrée à la figure 12. Cette plaque trouée 51 est de structure unitaire dès l'origine.An end piece 51 in the form of a perforated plate, through which the ends of the channels 8 of the second category pass through all the stack of the plates 5, is illustrated in FIG. 12. This perforated plate 51 is of unitary structure from the 'origin.

Des distributeurs analogues aux précédents peuvent communiquer aux canaux 7 et 9 de première et de troisième catégorie, même si les côtés latéraux de l'empilement des plaques 5 ne sont pas revêtus. Les jonctions des plaques 5 sont brasées ou collées, aucune matière d'étanchéité n'étant nécessaire.Dispensers analogous to the above can communicate to channels 7 and 9 of first and third category, even if the lateral sides of the stack of plates 5 are not coated. The junctions of the plates 5 are brazed or glued, no sealing material being necessary.

L'invention peut être appliquée à des canaux dont le diamètre hydraulique est d'environ 0,5 mm, avec un coût de fabrication bas.The invention can be applied to channels having a hydraulic diameter of about 0.5 mm, with a low manufacturing cost.

Claims (9)

  1. Heat exchanger comprising a plate stack defining pipes, inlet and outlet fluid distributors, where at least one of the plates comprises an external envelope (1) and walls (6) dividing a volume circumscribed by the envelope into pipes of a first category (7) and a second category (8), said distributors comprising distributors communicating with the pipes of the first category and distributors communicating with the pipes of the second category, the pipes of the second category (8) being separated from the pipes of the first category (7) by walls (6), characterized in that the envelope has raised sections (2), the raised sections and pipes extending in a same longitudinal direction, the first category of pipes (7) extending into the raised sections, and the raised sections and the envelope are notched (10) over a part in the longitudinal direction by opening the pipes of the first category for communicating with the distributors communicating with the pipes of the first category (7).
  2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a frame (12) surrounding the plate stack (5), the distributors comprise distributors communicating with the pipes of the first category and running along a first side of the frame and distributors communicating with a second category of pipes, running along a second side of the frame, the pipes of the second category (8) being separated from the pipes of the first category (7) by the walls (6), the first side and the second side of the frame being different.
  3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized by the use of end pieces at the longitudinal ends, the distributors comprise distributors communicating with the pipes of the first category and running along a lateral side of the stack and distributors communicating with a second category of pipes and running along an end part, the pipes of the second category (8) being separated from pipes of the first category (7) by the walls (6), the first side and the second side of the frame being different.
  4. Heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the frame comprises four sides in rectangular form, of which the first side and the second side are perpendicular to one another.
  5. Heat exchanger according to either of the claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the frame (12) is composed of elementary frames (15) of the same height as the plates, stacked and unified (42), and comprising serrations (40) of external housings cleared by the pipes of the second category and orifices (41) positioned in front of the notched parts of the raised sections and the envelope.
  6. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes of the first category have an oblong section.
  7. Heat exchanger plate according to either of claims 1 or 6, characterized in that the pipes have limiting surfaces grooved in the longitudinal direction.
  8. Heat exchanger plate according to any one of claims 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that the raised sections (2) are established from two opposed faces (3, 4) of the envelope.
  9. Heat exchanger plate according to any one of claims 1, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that it has a one piece structure, of uniform section and made by extrusion.
EP04105885A 2003-11-20 2004-11-18 Stacked plate heat exchanger Not-in-force EP1533585B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0350865A FR2862747B1 (en) 2003-11-20 2003-11-20 HEAT EXCHANGER PLATE, AND THIS EXCHANGER
FR0350865 2003-11-20

Publications (3)

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EP1533585A2 EP1533585A2 (en) 2005-05-25
EP1533585A3 EP1533585A3 (en) 2006-04-26
EP1533585B1 true EP1533585B1 (en) 2008-01-09

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EP04105885A Not-in-force EP1533585B1 (en) 2003-11-20 2004-11-18 Stacked plate heat exchanger

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US (1) US7222664B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1533585B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE383561T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2485308A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004011171T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2299798T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2862747B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
ES2299798T3 (en) 2008-06-01
FR2862747B1 (en) 2008-09-05
DE602004011171D1 (en) 2008-02-21
CA2485308A1 (en) 2005-05-20
FR2862747A1 (en) 2005-05-27
US7222664B2 (en) 2007-05-29
EP1533585A2 (en) 2005-05-25
EP1533585A3 (en) 2006-04-26
ATE383561T1 (en) 2008-01-15
US20060016587A1 (en) 2006-01-26
DE602004011171T2 (en) 2008-12-24

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