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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
  • B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
  • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
  • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
  • C01B39/20—Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
  • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
  • C01B39/26—Mordenite type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
  • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
  • C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
  • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
  • C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
  • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
  • B01J2219/00029—Batch processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
  • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
  • B01J2219/00033—Continuous processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
  • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
  • B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
  • B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
  • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
  • B01J2219/0059—Sequential processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of zeolites, specifically the field of industrial synthesis of zeolite crystals and more particularly that of the industrial synthesis of zeolite crystals controlled particle size.
• zeolite synthesis is conventionally carried out in the industry in agitated "batch" stirred reactor, generally with heating of the gel. synthesis and / or reaction medium by steam injection and / or double jacket.
• the preparation of the synthesis gel consists in mixing a solution of sodium aluminate with a sodium silicate solution, this mixture can be carried out either in a plant upstream of the crystallization reactor or directly in the crystallization reactor.
• a low temperature curing phase generally at a temperature below 40 ° C, for a shorter or longer duration, generally ranging in a few tens of minutes to a few tens of hours , depending on the type of zeolitic structure desired.
• This ripening phase makes it possible to form seeds which, by their growth, will give zeolite crystals after the crystallization phase carried out at a higher temperature.
• seeding process however allows to remove this low temperature curing phase. Under these conditions, it is thus possible to control the average size of the crystals by adjusting the amount of seeds introduced into the synthesis gel and thus to form a reaction medium capable of forming zeolite crystals.
• zeolite crystals of different particle sizes varying for example from a few tens to even a few hundred nanometers to a few tens of micrometers, it being understood that synthesis reaction, with operating conditions specific to this synthesis, leads to the formation of zeolite crystals of relatively well-controlled particle size, generally monomodal characterized by a more or less wide particle size distribution.
• the method of the present invention comprises:
• reaction media suspensions of zeolite crystals thus produced
• the present invention firstly relates to a method for preparing zeolite crystals having a multimodal particle size distribution, and whose sizes are between 0.02 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ , said method comprising at least the following steps :
• a) preparation of a synthesis gel by mixing at least one source of silica, at least one source of alumina and optionally but preferably at least one aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal hydroxide; earth,
• step d filtration of the mixture of the reaction mediums obtained in step d), in order to separate the crystals produced from the mother liquors.
• the synthetic gel may be any type of composition well known to those skilled in the art depending on the type of zeolite to be prepared and typically comprises at least one source of silica and at least one source of alumina, and / or any another source of element (s) may constitute a zeolite framework, for example source of phosphorus, titanium, zirconium, and other. It is also possible, or even preferable, to add at least one aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, preferably of alkali metal, typically sodium and / or organic structuring agents ("structure-directing agent"). "Or” template "in English).
• silica source means any source well known to those skilled in the art and in particular a solution, preferably aqueous, silicate, in particular alkali or alkaline earth metal silicate, for example sodium, or of colloidal silica.
• source of alumina any source of alumina well known to those skilled in the art and in particular a solution, preferably aqueous, of aluminate, in particular of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal aluminate, for example sodium.
• the concentrations of the various solutions of silica and alumina are adapted according to the nature of the silica source, the source of alumina, the respective proportions of the sources of alumina and silica to which the solution is added.
• alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and / or one or more organic structuring agents according to the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
• the synthesis gel of step a) is prepared as described above by mixing the sources of silica and alumina in basic medium.
• This mixture is advantageously produced in a shear mixer of the "rotor-stator" type, that is to say a shear mixer comprising a rotor rotating at high speed and which passes the mixture through a stator whose geometry can vary.
• the level of shear is defined by the shear rate in s ⁇ "1 which is equal to the peripheral speed of the rotor divided by the thickness of the air gap between the rotor and the stator.
• the shear rate generally applied is between 10,000 s “1 and 200,000 s “ 1 , preferably between 10,000 s “1 and 100,000 s “ 1 .
• the at least two reactors are fed to step b) each with a synthesis gel of zeolite crystals by any appropriate means for transferring a fluid, for example by gravity flow, by siphonage or by pumping.
• Flow control the synthesis gel at the inlet of each of the at least two reactors and / or the production of crystals at the outlet of each of the at least two reactors can be obtained by any means known to those skilled in the art and preferably by means of pumps, possibly associated with flow regulators.
• the at least two reactors are each fed with a synthesis gel of zeolite crystals.
• the synthesis gels may be identical or different, that is to say that they may be prepared from various solutions of silica and alumina introduced in different concentrations and respective proportions and known to those skilled in the art or which can be easily adapted by those skilled in the art depending on the nature of the zeolite that it is desired to prepare, from data from the literature.
• a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention comprises introducing one or more seeding agent (s) into the synthetic gel (s) upstream or within at least one synthesis reactors or in the at least two synthesis reactors.
• seeding agent is meant a solution or a suspension, in liquid or gel form, of a solid or a liquid which promotes the orientation of the synthesis towards the desired zeolite.
• Such solids and liquids which favor the orientation of the synthesis towards the desired zeolite are well known to those skilled in the art and are for example chosen from nucleating gels, zeolite crystals, mineral particles of any kind, and others, as well as their mixtures.
• the seeding agent is a nucleation gel
• said nucleating gel comprises a homogeneous mixture of a source of silica (for example sodium silicate), a source of alumina (for example alumina trihydrate), optionally but advantageously a strong mineral base, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide, to mention only the main and most commonly used, and water .
• a source of silica for example sodium silicate
• a source of alumina for example alumina trihydrate
• a strong mineral base such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide, to mention only the main and most commonly used, and water .
• One or more structuring agents typically organic structuring agents, may also optionally be introduced into the nucleation gel.
• the mixture of the agent (s) of seeding with the synthesis gel can be carried out according to any technique well known to those skilled in the art and preferably with the aid of a static mixer, which has for the advantage of promoting the homogenization of said mixture.
• the reactors used may be of any type well known to those skilled in the art and adapted to the type of synthesis envisaged, for example agitated reactor for batch mode and tubular reactor syntheses for continuous mode syntheses.
• In the process of the invention are generally present 2 or more reactors, of types identical or different, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5 reactors of the same or different types, preferably 2 or 3 reactors of the same or different types, preferably 2 reactors of the same or different types, typically two reactors of identical types .
• stirred reactor a reactor provided with a stirring system, typically provided with one or more agitators mounted on the same axis or on different axes, for example and without limitation, d ' agitator (s) to pale, mixer (s), or mixer Archimedean screw type and possibly provided with one or more systems of counter-blades or baffles.
• tubular reactor is meant a reactor or a reactor system having length to diameter ratios (or equivalent diameter) greater than 3, preferably greater than 10 and more preferably greater than 50, and defining a reaction zone of crystallization subjected at least in part to stirring means, whether agitating stirrers, passive systems such as counter-blades, restrictions, rings or baffles or oscillating or pulsating system ( allowing to generate a reciprocating movement of the reaction medium by means for example of piston, membrane), and others, as well as two or more of these combined techniques.
• stirring means whether agitating stirrers, passive systems such as counter-blades, restrictions, rings or baffles or oscillating or pulsating system ( allowing to generate a reciprocating movement of the reaction medium by means for example of piston, membrane), and others, as well as two or more of these combined techniques.
• the tubular reactor is provided with restrictions and equipped with a system for conferring on the fluid circulating in the reactor pulsations, as for example described in application US 2009/0304890. from NiTech.
• Step c) of conducting the crystallization reactions is carried out according to modes known to those skilled in the art, that is to say either by ripening / crystallization from a synthesis gel, or by direct crystallization after seeding by different types of seeds.
• the inoculated process is preferred in that it allows better control of the size of the crystals produced.
• the crystallization reactions are carried out in parallel, each in a reactor, and can be carried out simultaneously and / or sequentially and / or sequentially, preferably simultaneously.
• the crystallization reaction is generally carried out at high temperature, that is to say at a temperature of between 60 ° C. and 200 ° C., preferably between 80 ° C. and 160 ° C.
• the crystallization of the synthesis gel occurs most often spontaneously in the reactor and is favored by the seeding agent (s) added (s) to said synthesis gel. Crystallization is also favored by the temperature applied to the synthesis gel, but also by any means of agitation, static or dynamic, of the synthesis gel within the reactor as explained above.
• favored is meant a better crystallization primer and / or greater crystallization kinetics.
• the crystallization reaction can be carried out under pressure, for example under autogenous pressure, at atmospheric pressure, or more generally under any pressure, typically between atmospheric pressure and 1.5 MPa.
• reaction media of the at least two reactors operating in parallel are then mixed at any time, since the crystallization reaction has started in one of the at least two reactors, preferably in the at least two reactors and this in the proportion that makes it possible to obtain the desired multimodal distribution.
• XRD X-ray diffraction
• the synthesis gel is preferably prepared continuously using a shear mixer operating continuously.
• the synthesis gel it is then possible to introduce by any suitable means and described above one or more seeding agent (s) continuously, in order to seed and adjust the size of the crystals that will be obtained after the crystallization.
• reactors (at least two) operate in parallel, at suitable rates, to adjust the proportion of the different size classes of zeolite crystals.
• the reaction media produced continuously in these reactors and which contain the zeolite crystals, are continuously mixed as soon as the crystallization reaction has started in at least two reactors, preferably in the at least two in the proportion that makes it possible to obtain the desired multimodal distribution.
• the method of the present invention is carried out in continuous mode.
• the continuous mode offers the advantage of facilitating the adjustment of the multimodal distribution by controlling the flow rates of each tubular reactor.
• the process of the present invention is characterized in that at least two syntheses of zeolite crystals are carried out in parallel, the reaction media of which are joined once the crystallization reaction has started in one of the at least two reactors, preferably in the at least two reactors and this, in the proportion that provides the desired multimodal distribution.
• the mixture of reaction media can be carried out according to any method well known to those skilled in the art, the particularly suitable methods are those that allow an efficient and homogeneous mixture of aqueous media in which solid particles are in suspension.
• the methods that can be used include, by way of nonlimiting examples, those using a static mixer, or any other type of mixer with blades, propellers, baffles, or a simple system of pipes that meet in one (for example, a "Y" tube in the case of two reactors). It is also possible to combine one or more mixing techniques.
• Mixing reaction media containing the zeolite crystals in the form of liquid suspensions provides after filtration / washing and drying a mixture of zeolite crystals homogeneous in terms of particle size distribution. This result can not be obtained easily, that is to say economically and with good reproducibility, when mixing dried zeolite crystals of different granulometries. Indeed, in this case, we often observe segregation phenomena inherent in the dry mixing of zeolite crystals of different sizes, therefore different individual masses.
• the reaction media from step c) of crystallization are different in that they contain different zeolite crystals, either in size, or in kind, or in kind and in size.
• zeolite crystal populations with controlled and controlled particle size distributions.
• the respective flow rates and / or the respective amounts of each of the reaction media can be adjusted in order to adjust the proportions of each of the reaction media entering the mixing step d) and thus easily control the desired particle size distribution of the reaction medium.
• mixture of zeolite crystals at the end of the process of the present invention can be adjusted in order to adjust the proportions of each of the reaction media entering the mixing step d) and thus easily control the desired particle size distribution of the reaction medium.
• the method of the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a multimodal crystal size distribution that is adjustable and controlled by mixing a plurality of reaction media, each of which is derived from a synthesis whose parameters require a well-determined and controlled particle size distribution. .
• the process of the invention is a process for the continuous synthesis of a mixture of zeolite crystals having a bimodal particle size distribution, said process being carried out in two tubular reactors working in parallel with different synthesis conditions so as to produce crystals of different particle size, the outputs of the two reactors being joined by means of a tube-shaped "Y".
• the synthesis reactions of the zeolite crystals are carried out in the presence of one or more seeding agent (s), as defined above.
• the mixture of said reaction media is filtered to separate the crystals produced on the one hand and the mother liquors on the other hand.
• This filtration can be carried out according to any method well known to those skilled in the art, and for example by one or more methods chosen from centrifugation, filtration on a filter press, filtering on a belt filter, filtration on a rotary filter and the like.
• the crystals obtained at the end of step e) may optionally be subjected to one or more conventional treatments well known to those skilled in the art, such as washing, cation exchange, drying, impregnation, activation, and others, this or these treatments that can be carried out batchwise or continuously, advantageously continuously.
• the crystals obtained may be subjected to one or more washings with water, so as to eliminate the residual mother liquors that may still be present.
• the crystals obtained can also be dried, according to conventional techniques for drying zeolite crystals, for example at temperatures of between 40 ° C. and 150 ° C., for a duration that may vary between a few minutes and a few hours, typically between a few minutes and 10 hours.
• the drying operation at a temperature below 40 ° C could be much longer and thus economically unprofitable, while a drying temperature greater than 150 ° C could lead to a more or less significant deterioration of the crystals.
• zeolite still wet.
• the zeolite crystals can be used as such, but they are advantageously activated, again according to conventional activation techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example at temperatures between 150 ° C. C and 800 ° C, for a period ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, and typically from a few minutes to 10 hours.
• the mother liquors from the filtration step e) may advantageously be recycled.
• One of the advantages of this recycling is thus to allow the reduction of sodium hydroxide consumption by introducing the mother liquors directly into the reaction medium of one of the at least two reactors or into the silicate solution or into the solution aluminate (typically which are respectively the sources of silica and alumina in step a) of the process) or in the synthesis gel, but can also allow a substantial reduction in energy consumption.
• the mother liquors Before being recycled, may or may not have undergone one or more treatments chosen from ultrafiltration, reconcentration, distillation, and others.
• the process of the present invention is very advantageously carried out continuously, preferably completely continuously, that is to say without a step in batch mode.
• each reactor delivers a given particle size fraction and advantageously narrow, determined by the quality and quantity of seeding agent (s) introduced into the gel of synthesis.
• the total amount of seeding agent (s) added in the process of the present invention represents between 0.005% and 10% by weight relative to the synthesis gel, preferably between 0.01% and 5% and still preferred between 0.01% and 3% by weight relative to the synthesis gel initially introduced into each reactor.
• the different reaction media are mixed to obtain a multimodal size distribution which is the sum of the different monomodal fractions produced in each of the synthesis reactors.
• the process of the present invention allows the synthesis, advantageously continuously, of zeolite crystals with a multimodal particle size distribution, and this in a homogeneous and reproducible manner, stable over time.
• the determination of the particle size distribution corresponds here to the particle size distribution in the diameter of the zeolite crystals. This determination is made from snapshots obtained by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For this, we perform a set of shots at a magnification of at least 3000. We measure using a dedicated software, for example the Smile View software LoGraMi editor, all the crystals present on the snapshots so as to measure at least 300 crystals and then the number distribution in the form of a histogram with classes adapted to the particle size of the crystals, for example classes every 0.2 ⁇ for the counting of micrometric crystals or by example classes every 0.02 ⁇ for counting crystals of a few tens of nanometers.
• SEM scanning electron microscope
• multimodal particle size distribution is meant a multimodal size distribution, that is to say having at least two “separate” peaks, in other words at least two “resolved” peaks.
• the value of the diameter at the top of the peak is called “mode” or “dominant value”, and represents the most frequent value of the peak.
• the resolution factor R of 2 adjacent peaks A and B is defined in a conventional manner (see for example: "basic fundamentals of chromatography” by Marie-Paule Bassez: http://chemphys.u-strasbg.fr/mpb /teach/chromato1/img0.html) using the following equation:
• dA and dB are respectively the modes of the peaks A and B (in ⁇ ), and ⁇ and ⁇ are respectively the widths of the base of the peaks A and B (in ⁇ ).
• R the resolution factor
• a particle size distribution has a difference in modality when the resolution factor R is greater than 0.5.
• the particle size distribution is multimodal since at least two peaks are solved. When the particle size distribution comprises only two resolved peaks, this is called a bimodal particle size distribution.
• the method according to the present invention thus allows the production of zeolites whose crystals have a bimodal or even multimodal particle size distribution, controlled or even controlled, this production can very easily be carried out on an industrial scale, thus allowing a production of quantities.
• Such zeolites of controlled or even controlled particle size zeolites have been produced with production costs which are much lower than those observed, for example with productions according to the conventional methods known today.
• the zeolites which can be prepared according to the process of the present invention may be of any type, and for example, and without limitation, any MFI-type zeolite, and in particular silicalite, any type MOR zeolite, OFF type, MAZ type, CHA type and HEU type, any FAU type zeolite, and in particular Y zeolite, X zeolite, MSX zeolite, LSX zeolite, any EMT type zeolite or any type LTA zeolite, that is zeolite A, as well as the other zeotypes, such as, for example, titanosilicalites.
• zeolite MSX Silica X Medium
• zeolite FAU zeolite FAU type having an Si / Al atomic ratio of between about 1, 05 and about 1, 15, inclusive terminals
• zeolite LSX Low Silica X
• the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of zeolites chosen from MFI-type zeolites, and in particular silicalite, of the FAU type, and in particular zeolite Y, zeolite X, zeolite MSX, zeolite LSX, and type LTA, that is to say zeolite A, as well as type zeolites CHA and zeolites type HEU.
• zeolites chosen from MFI-type zeolites, and in particular silicalite, of the FAU type, and in particular zeolite Y, zeolite X, zeolite MSX, zeolite LSX, and type LTA, that is to say zeolite A, as well as type zeolites CHA and zeolites type HEU.
• the process according to the invention is furthermore particularly suitable for the preparation of any type FAU zeolite, and in particular zeolite X, zeolite MSX, zeolite LSX.
• zeolite X zeolite X
• zeolite MSX zeolite MSX
• zeolite LSX zeolite LSX.
• the MFI-type zeolites, and especially silicalite, can also be very advantageously prepared according to the process of the invention.
• the process for the continuous preparation of the present invention is not limited to the preparation of the zeolites described above, but also includes zeolites. corresponding with hierarchical porosity.
• the zeolites with hierarchical porosity are solids comprising a microporous network bonded to a mesopore network, and thus make it possible to reconcile the properties of accessibility to the active sites of the mesoporous zeolites known from the prior art and those of crystallinity and maximum microporosity of the so-called "classic" zeolites (without mesoporosity).
• specific structuring agents are introduced into the reaction medium of step a), for example structuring agents of organosilane type as described in document FR 1 357 762.
• the synthesis process of the present invention therefore allows an easy and economical industrial synthesis of zeolite crystals whose particle size distribution at least bimodal, is homogeneous, controlled or even controlled.
• the method according to the invention is very stable over time when it is implemented in continuous mode. These zeolite crystals find uses quite interesting in many application areas.
• the multimodal particle size distribution of the zeolite crystals obtained by means of the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain crystals having in particular a high bulk density, and in particular higher relative to monomodal granulometric distribution crystals. We can indeed consider that the small crystals occupy the spaces between the large crystals.
• This high bulk density of the zeolite crystals obtained with the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain adsorption performance quite particular, especially in terms of adsorption capacity volume.
• the zeolite crystals obtained with the process of the invention thus find applications quite interesting in the field of adsorption, separation, purification of gases, liquids.
• the zeolite crystals obtained according to the process of the present invention may advantageously be used as adsorbent fillers in polymer-based composites, as constituting agglomerated zeolite adsorbents used in separation processes or purification by adsorption such as pressure and / or temperature modulated processes, or in chromatographic separation processes (fixed beds, moving beds, simulated moving beds), in applications as varied as purification industrial gases, separation of nitrogen and oxygen, gas purification natural gas or synthesis gas, or the purification of various petrochemical cuts, the separation of isomers in refining, and others.
• the degree of crystallinity and the purity of the synthesized zeolite are evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, a technique known to those skilled in the art under the acronym DRX. This identification is for example carried out on a device DRX Bruker brand.
• This analysis makes it possible not only to determine the amount of crystalline phase (s) present (s) present, and also to identify and quantify the possible different zeolites present, each of the zeolites having a single diffractogram defined by the positioning of the diffraction peaks and their relative intensities. Non-crystalline phases are not detected by X-ray diffraction analysis.
• This analysis is also used to determine the degree of crystallinity of the reaction medium in order to evaluate whether the crystallization reaction has started.
• a sample of the reaction medium is taken, dried at 80 ° C. for 4 hours and then analyzed by XRD.
• the zeolite crystals (or dried samples) are crushed then spread and smoothed on a sample holder by simple mechanical compression.
• the conditions of acquisition of the diffractogram realized on the device D5000 Bruker are the following ones:
• the interpretation of the diffractogram obtained is performed with the EVA software with identification of zeolites using the ICDD database PDF-2, release 201 1.
• the amount of crystals, by weight, is determined by XRD analysis, this method is also used to measure the amount of non-crystalline phases. This analysis is carried out on a Bruker brand apparatus, then the quantity by weight of the zeolite crystals is evaluated using the Bruker TOPAS software.
• the crystallinity corresponds to the ratio of the sum of the mass fractions of the crystalline phases present, relative to the total weight of the sample.
• the purity is expressed as mass percentage of desired crystalline phase relative to the total weight of the sample.

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