EP3577019B1 - System for securing a submerged beacon - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a system for securing against theft and external attacks of a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command, meeting the standards and directives in force.

Prior art

In the field of underwater beacons, we already know a submerged beacon for locating fishing gear and consisting of a box containing a receiver, a radio-acoustic signal, a mooring attached to one of its ends at a mooring point, a mechanism for releasing the beacon allowing it to rise to the surface and a reserve of buoyancy; said electromechanical release mechanism is enclosed in a hermetic tank thus constituting the reserve of buoyancy and controls a pawl which may or may not block the free rotation of a winding drum around which the tether is wound. This type of beacon is very simple in design and its operation is fully reversible. However, this type of beacon does not offer any guarantee in terms of safety against external aggressions such as, for example, theft or strong sea currents causing the impossibility of spotting or even the loss of the beacon and therefore the loss of the light. 'associated object. In addition, this drawback goes against recent requests from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization in English, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in French) which is an intergovernmental organization aimed in particular at harmonizing standards. in the fields of fishing. Indeed, the FAO in its report dating from 2010 asks the fishing sector to do everything possible to recover the gear fishing lost at sea in order to avoid "ghost fishing" which unnecessarily destroys the fishery resource in a very important way and which therefore has a very important ecological impact.

Moreover, this known type of beacon does not comply with international legislation either, the aim of which is to prohibit concealing any device whatsoever under water in order to avoid the risk of collision with boats.

These various drawbacks are partly overcome by a submerged beacon similar to that previously described and provided with a securing mechanism such as, for example, that described in the application for patent FR 3 033 156 filed on behalf of the Applicant. Said securing system comprises a signaling element capable of floating on the surface and connected to the submerged beacon by a link comprising a weakening means capable of breaking, when a force greater than a predetermined value is exerted at its end located on the side of the signaling element, and a weighted keel extending under the beacon and being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the beacon with the pivot point of the submerged beacon and the point of attachment of said link and between these.

However, this assembly has a certain number of drawbacks. Thus, the "brittle" link capable of breaking has a weakness in terms of use, because if the user does not correctly dimension the predetermined breaking value of the brittle link, the break may occur prematurely or, on the contrary, do not. happen at all. Determining said predetermined value is particularly difficult, since account must be taken in particular of the force due to the winds and currents which will be liable to be applied to the signaling element on the surface and to the brittle link. The determination of said value is all the more delicate as the signaling element on the surface is very often artisanal and therefore differs from one beacon to another on the same boat.

Finally, said securing system does not make it possible to differentiate between the different types of movements of the submerged beacon: descending or ascending, slow or fast, normal, due for example to the tide, or abnormal.

Disclosure of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system for securing a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command, responding to the demands and legislation in force relating to ghost fishing and submerged objects, said system making it possible to secure the submerged beacon reliably and permanently against theft, damage caused by its use and / or the marine environment.

In this regard, the present invention relates to a system for securing a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command and comprising at least one housing containing a receiver for a radio-acoustic signal, an attached mooring line. at one of its ends to an anchored mooring point, a release mechanism allowing said beacon to be raised to the surface and a battery; the securing system comprising a signaling element capable of floating on the surface and connected to the beacon by a link, said securing system being remarkable in that it comprises a reversible coupling device comprising a hooking member fixed to the end of the link opposite the signaling element, a complementary fastening member integral with the beacon and able to cooperate with said fastening member to allow the attachment or disconnection of the link from the beacon, a pressure sensor , a control unit associated with a time measurement unit, said control unit commanding said complementary fastening member to separate of said fastening member when a pressure variation, measured by combining said pressure sensor and time measurement unit, is greater than a set value.

The setpoint preferably corresponds to the pressure variation over time due to the highest tidal range recorded in the world.

According to an alternative embodiment, the coupling device comprises a "breakable" fastener attached on one side to the beacon and on the other to the fastening member of the link, and dimensioned to break, when said force of traction exceeds a predetermined value.

According to another variant embodiment, the coupling device comprises a "breakable" fastener attached on one side to the fastening member of the link and on the other to the beacon by means of a trigger clamp. able to separate from the beacon when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a weighted keel extending under the beacon and arranged between the pivot point of the beacon and the attachment member of the link, said keel, the pivot point of the beacon and the 'hooking member of the link being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the beacon.

The security system preferably comprises a pressure sensor, integral with the beacon, capable of recording a sudden increase in pressure beyond a set depth and of sending, if necessary, the information to the release mechanism. to raise said beacon up to said set depth.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a humidity sensor located inside the box in the area accommodating the electrical and / or electronic components, and is capable, if necessary, of triggering the release mechanism and raising the tag at the area.

The security system preferably comprises a permanent monitoring device for the battery of the beacon capable of triggering the release mechanism and raising the beacon to the surface, as soon as the battery level reaches a minimum threshold.

The humidity sensor and the battery monitoring device are advantageously associated with indicator lights visible from outside the housing of the beacon.

Advantageously, the security system comprises a flash lamp fitted to the housing of the beacon and comprising at least one bulb arranged under a transparent protective block fixed on the top of a body containing a control unit associated with a penumbra sensor. and a pressure sensor, so that the lamp only flashes when it is dark and if the lamp is out of the water.

The lamp preferably comprises a communication antenna compatible with the signals of the AIS network and associated with a geolocation device, to alert the owner of the beacon if the latter rises to the surface.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a probe arranged to be integral with the hull of a boat and comprising a ceramic transducer of generally hemispherical shape.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the security system comprises a remote probe similar to said probe.

Finally, the submerged beacon securing system which comprises a specific and unique code for the actuation of the beacon on the surface by its owner is advantageously provided with an additional coding device allowing the simultaneous actuation of the control mechanism. release of a batch of submerged beacons thanks to a unique code, called the “Pass” code.

Brief description of the figures

• la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble schématique d'une balise immergée munie du système de sécurisation selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue de détail agrandie du système de sécurisation de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 3 est une vue de détail schématique du dispositif d'accouplement du système de sécurisation de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une vue de détail schématique d'une variante du dispositif d'accouplement du système de sécurisation de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 5 est une vue de détail schématique de la lampe flash du système de sécurisation de la figure 1.

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge better from the description which follows of an alternative embodiment of a securing system according to the invention of a submerged beacon with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a schematic overview of a submerged beacon provided with the securing system according to the invention;
• the figure 2 is an enlarged detail view of the security system of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 3 is a schematic detail view of the coupling device of the securing system of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 4 is a schematic detail view of a variant of the coupling device of the securing system of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 5 is a schematic detail view of the flash lamp of the safety system of the figure 1 .

Best way to carry out the technical invention

• un boîtier 3 renfermant un récepteur d'un signal radio-acoustique et constitué de deux demi-coques assemblées entre elles par vissage ou par tout autre moyen approprié, ledit boitier 3 ayant, de préférence, une forme extérieure présentant un profil hydrodynamique, en forme générale avantageusement d'ellipsoïde de révolution, lui permettant d'être peu sensible aux courants marins,
• une amarre 4 rattachée à l'une de ses extrémités à un point d'amarrage 5 ancré de manière classique dans le fond de la mer,
• un mécanisme de libération, non représenté sur les figures, permettant la remontée à la surface de ladite balise 2, ledit mécanisme de libération étant avantageusement du type électromécanique et renfermé dans une cuve hermétique constituant une réserve de flottabilité, ledit mécanisme de libération commandant un cliquet bloquant ou non la rotation libre d'un tambour enrouleur autour duquel l'amarre 4 est bobinée, l'amarre 4 passant au travers d'un point de sortie 6 aménagé sur le boitier 3 de la balise 2 pour être rattachée audit point d'ancrage 5, ledit point de sortie 6 correspondant au point de pivotement de la balise 2 et
• au moins une batterie procurant de l'énergie électrique notamment audit mécanisme de libération.

On the figures 1 to 2 , there is shown the securing system 1 according to the invention of a submerged beacon 2 provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command. According to a partially shown embodiment, said beacon 2 advantageously comprises:

• a housing 3 containing a receiver for a radio-acoustic signal and consisting of two half-shells assembled together by screwing or by any other suitable means, said housing 3 preferably having an outer shape having a hydrodynamic profile, in the form of general advantageously of an ellipsoid of revolution, allowing it to be insensitive to sea currents,
• a mooring line 4 attached at one of its ends to a mooring point 5 anchored in a conventional manner in the seabed,
• a release mechanism, not shown in the figures, allowing the rise to the surface of said beacon 2, said release mechanism being advantageously of the electromechanical type and enclosed in a hermetic tank constituting a reserve of buoyancy, said release mechanism controlling a pawl blocking or not the free rotation of a winding drum around which the rope 4 is wound, the rope 4 passing through an exit point 6 arranged on the housing 3 of the beacon 2 to be attached to said point of anchor 5, said exit point 6 corresponding to the pivot point of the beacon 2 and
• at least one battery providing electrical energy in particular to said release mechanism.

The beacon 2, which under normal conditions of use is submerged to a depth of about 40 meters, is obviously designed to withstand, in particular its housing 3, immersion to a depth of up to 80 meters in order to overcome errors. handling and action of sea currents up to 9.26 km / h (5 knots).

To meet international regulations aimed at prohibiting hiding an object under water, the security system 1 comprises a signaling element 7 floating on the surface and connected to the beacon 2 by a link 8, said signaling element 7 comprising advantageously a float 71 provided with a flag 72.

The link 8 is connected to the beacon 2 by a coupling device 9 capable of separating said link 8 from the beacon 2, under certain conditions.

With reference to the figure 3 , the device reversible coupling 9 comprises a fastening member 91 fixed to the end of the link 8 opposite the signaling element 7, a complementary fastening member 92 integral with the housing 3 of the beacon 2 and able to cooperate with said hooking member 91 to allow the attachment or separation of the link 8 of the housing 3 of the beacon 2, a pressure sensor 93, a control unit 94 associated with a time measurement unit 95.

The fastening member 91 is advantageously chosen from the group comprising a metal part, a ring, a shackle, a thimble or even a loop. The complementary fastening member 92 is then advantageously chosen from the group comprising an electromagnet, a clamp, a hook or even a lever. Said complementary fastening member 92 is able to retain the link 8 secured to the beacon 2 despite the forces due to winds, waves and sea currents exerted on the signaling element 7.

However, it is well understood that the attachment members 91 and complementary attachment 92 could be replaced by any member providing the same effects without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The control unit 94 is an electronic card powered by the battery associated with the release mechanism or by a specific battery, not shown. Said control unit 94 is able to control the complementary attachment member 92 to allow the attachment or separation of the attachment member 91 and therefore the attachment or separation of the link 8 of the housing 3 of the tag 2, in function of the data of the pressure sensor 93 coupled to those of the time measurement unit 95.

Thus, in the absence of normal triggering of the release mechanism which has the effect of raising quickly the beacon 2, when a large and rapid variation in the pressure, measured by associating the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95, is detected by the control unit 94, the latter command to the complementary attachment member 92 to allow the separation of the attachment member 91 and therefore the separation of the signaling element 7 from the beacon 2.

In order to be sure that this large (compared to the quantity) and rapid (compared to time) variation is due only to an accidental raising of the beacon 2 (link 8 caught in the propeller or thread of a boat for example) or intentional (attempted theft of the beacon 2), the control unit 94 is calibrated with respect to a set point advantageously corresponding to the pressure variation over time, that is to say by unit of time such as the minute for example, (important and rapid) due to the strongest tidal range, that is to say to the greatest difference in water height between a high tide and a successive low tide, noted in the world, namely currently the tidal range recorded in the Bay of Fundy in Canada which is equal to 3.4 meters per hour. Therefore, when a variation in pressure per unit of time, measured by associating the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95, is greater than said set value, then the control unit 94 commands the complementary attachment member 92 to separate from the attachment member 91, otherwise there will be no separation.

Thus, it is well understood that if the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95 measure a significant pressure variation in a short time lapse, of the order of a few seconds or even a minute, the unit of control 94 will then command the complementary attachment member 92 to separate from the member hooking 91, because it will probably be an unauthorized ascent of beacon 2.

Furthermore, to ensure that the beacon 2 is submerged to the desired depth, the pressure sensor 93 of the security system 1 can be used to record a sudden increase in pressure beyond a set depth, at know 40 meters deep. In the event of such a sudden increase in pressure being recorded, said pressure sensor 93 sends the information to the release mechanism to bring said beacon 2 up to said set depth. In general, the pressure sensor readjusts the position of the beacon as soon as the pressure measured increases by 0.5 bar.

However, in the case where the descent of the beacon 2 beyond 40 meters is due specifically to sea currents, the pressure increases gradually and the pressure sensor 93 does not send any message to the release mechanism.

This pressure sensor 93 also makes it possible to determine the responsibilities in the event of damage due to waterways on the beacon 2 by acting as a snitch making it possible to know the maximum depth to which the beacon 2 has been immersed.

However, for these last two uses, the security system 1 may include a pressure sensor other than the pressure sensor 93 associated with the coupling device 9, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

According to an alternative embodiment shown in figure 4 , the coupling device 9 of the securing system 1 comprises a "breakable" fastener 96 attached on one side to the housing 3 of the beacon 2, for example by being tied to the carrying handle 10 of the beacon 2 and of the other side of the fastening member 91 of the link 8. This "brittle" fastener 96 is either dimensioned to break when the force exceeds the determined value, or fixed to the tag 2 by means of a trigger clamp, not shown, able to separate from the tag 2 when the force exceeds said predetermined value. Those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in calculating this predetermined value as a function of the dimensions of the beacon 2, of its mooring 4 and of the value of the sea current applied to the float 71 of the signaling element 7.

This variant embodiment makes it possible to avoid the loss of the signaling element 7 during an ascent of a beacon 2. In fact, during the ascent of a fishing gear, the fisherman will normally trigger the control mechanism. release of a beacon 2, which has the effect of making it go up quickly. However, fishing gear is generally equipped with at least two beacons 2. Thus, when raising a fishing gear, the second beacon 2, whose release mechanism has not been triggered, will rise quickly. and its coupling device 9 will therefore be triggered and command the separation of the signaling element 7 from the beacon 2, but the link 8 will be retained by the "brittle" clip 96 in order to avoid, in this specific case , the loss of said signaling element 7. However, the "brittle" fastener 96 is intended to break during an accidental lifting of the beacon 2 (link 8 caught in the propeller or net of a boat for example) or intentional (attempted theft of the beacon 2).

Moreover, even if the beacon 2 is designed to withstand immersion to a depth of up to 80 meters, it may have a manufacturing defect that could cause a tiny leak. To overcome this drawback, the security system 1 comprises a humidity sensor, not shown, which is located at inside the box 3 in the area accommodating the electrical and / or electronic components. Thus, if a tiny trace of humidity is detected, the release mechanism is automatically triggered and the beacon 2 rises quickly, in less than 8 seconds, to the surface. The box 3 is then no longer subjected to the slightest pressure and the damage to said components is minimized.

The security system 1 according to the invention also comprises a device for permanent monitoring of the battery of the beacon 2. Thus, as soon as the battery level reaches a minimum threshold, said monitoring device sends information to trigger the device. release and bring the beacon 2 to the surface, so as to allow the owner of said beacon 2 to recover it.

According to a preferred embodiment, the humidity sensor and battery monitoring device are associated with indicator lights visible from outside the box 3 of the beacon 2 and indicating the type of fault to the user. Thus, said user immediately knows whether it is a water inlet or a badly charged battery.

With this configuration, the assembly comprising the beacon 2, its mooring 4, the signaling element 7, the link 8 and the coupling device 9 does not exhibit satisfactory stability, especially when sea currents exceed 9.26 km / h ( 5 knots). However, it is essential to guarantee the stability of the beacon 2, that is to say that the beacon 2 is always arranged so that the angle between an axis perpendicular to its waterline and the vertical is between - 10 and +10 degrees so that the radio-acoustic signal receiver of the box 3 of the beacon 2 is always able to receive a signal emitted by a probe attached, for example, to a boat. Indeed, if the beacon 2 is badly positioned, the receiver will no longer be able to receive a signal, and the owner of the beacon 2 will no longer be able to receive it. recover and not more the associated fishing gear, which goes against the requests of the FAO to fight against ghost fishing. To overcome this problem, it is understood that it is necessary to take into account many factors such as, for example, the position of the pivot point of the beacon 2 corresponding to the outlet 6 of the mooring 4, the position of the 'hooking member 91 of the link 8, the drag exerted by the sea current on the beacon 2, the signaling element 7 and the link 8, or the drag exerted by the sea current on the mooring line 4.

However, to make it possible to solve this problem more simply, the securing system comprises a weighted keel 11 extending under the beacon 2, the dimensions and position of which in relation to the positions of the pivot points of the beacon 2 and of attachment. of link 8 make it possible to guarantee the stability of beacon 2 for sea currents of up to 12.96 km / h (7 knots) the keel 11 and the pivot point of the beacon 2 and the attachment member 91 of the link 8 being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the housing 3 of the beacon 2, the keel 11 being arranged between said pivot point of the beacon 2 and the attachment member 91 of the link 8.

Moreover, with reference to figures 2 and 5 , in order to comply with regulations aimed at improving floating object signaling at night in order to limit the risk of collision, the security system 1 comprises a flash lamp 12 fitted to the box 3 of the beacon 2.

Said lamp 12 advantageously comprises at least one bulb 121 arranged under a transparent protective block 122 fixed to the top of a body 123 containing a control unit 124 associated with a penumbra sensor 125 and a pressure sensor 126 similar to the pressure sensor. pressure 93 of the previously described coupling device.

Thus, when it is dark, the lamp 12 will only flash if the beacon 2 is on the surface, that is to say if the lamp 12 is out of the water.

Lamp 12 can be powered by its own battery but is preferably powered by the battery associated with the release mechanism.

Furthermore, the lamp 12 may include a communication antenna 127 compatible with the signals of the AIS network, the AIS (Automatic Identification System in English) being an automatic identification system for ships developed at the beginning to be an anti-collision tool for ships. merchant ships, allowing everyone to “see” other ships in their immediate environment. The communication antenna 127 is associated with a geolocation device, not shown, of the GPS type (Global Positioning System in English which can be translated into French by global positioning system), contained in the box 3 of the beacon 2 and using the AIS network.

Thus, with the geolocation device, if the beacon 2 rises to the surface, the owner of the beacon 2 is alerted and receives the position of said beacon 2 so that he can go there and retrieve it. Then, if the position of the beacon 2 varies, indicating a collision or a transhipment, the owner can also trace the latter to recover it or have it recovered by the competent authorities.

In addition, the on-board AIS allows all equipped boats to spot, even in poor visibility, an obstacle that the beacon 2 may represent on the surface and therefore to avoid it.

In addition, like the radio stations of ships, the beacon 2 is equipped, in a regulatory manner, with an MMSI code (Maritime Mobile Service Identity in English, Identity of the maritime mobile service in French) encoding all digital selective calling equipment issued by the national frequency agencies. Thus, if the beacon 2 is on board by the boat of a third party, the two MMSI codes, that of the boat of the third party and that of the beacon 2, will be superimposed on the control screen of the owner of the beacon 2 and he can then immediately know the identification of the third party's boat and, if necessary, call the police authorities to settle a possible dispute.

Further, with reference to the figure 1 , to reinforce the security of the reception of a signal by the radio-acoustic signal receiver of the box 3 of the beacon 2, the security system 1 comprises a probe 13 arranged to be secured, for example, to the hull of a boat 14 comprising a ceramic transducer of generally hemispherical shape making it possible to have a propagation of the trains of codes in a hemispherical manner and at high rates, approximately one train every 200 milliseconds. Said probe 13 thus enables the release mechanism to be triggered and the beacon 2 to rise to the surface whatever the position of the latter, the attitude and the list of the boat even in heavy seas. Moreover, this probe 13 makes it possible to increase the range of the signals transmitted and to significantly reduce the cavitation phenomena which appeared when the boat was sailing at a speed greater than 18.52 km / h (10 knots) and which disturbed the transmitted signal.

Furthermore, the power to be used to make the probe 13 operate is such that, when said probe 13 is too close to the beacon, the transmitted signal becomes inaudible, somewhat like the feedback phenomenon. This somewhat surprising phenomenon makes it possible to avoid the risk of seeing a beacon go up under the boat carrying the probe 13 and of being damaged therein.

The securing system 1 may include a remote probe, not shown, which is of similar design to the probe 13 previously described and which has two main functions. The first function allows the user to raise his beacons 2 in the event of damage to the probe 13 positioned under the boat. The second function concerns certain regions of the world. Indeed, in certain cases one can find strong thermoclines at sea which can greatly degrade the range of the transmitted signal, to the point that in some rare cases the signal does not pass at all. In such a case, however exceptional it may be, the user then connects the remote probe and lowers it a few meters above the level of the beacon 2 to be raised in order to be able to guarantee the reception of the signal by the receiver of said beacon 2. .

Finally, the submerged beacon 2 security system 1 which comprises a specific and unique code for the actuation of the beacon 2 on the surface by its owner is advantageously provided with an additional coding device allowing the simultaneous actuation of the release mechanism. a set of beacons 2 submerged using a unique code, called the “Pass” code.

This allows the owner of a batch of beacons 2 or the user approved by him, to avoid successively sending the specific code of each beacon 2 constituting the batch to activate it, by reassembling all the beacons 2. suddenly to the surface.

Incidentally, in addition to saving him a lot of time, the owner who would have omitted to note a particular code at the time of the immersion of the beacons 2 is assured of recovering them all thanks to the “Pass” code.

Possibility of industrial application

It is well understood that the securing system 1 according to the invention is mainly used to secure the beacons 2 intended for submerged fishing gear. However, the invention will advantageously find another application for securing beacons 2 intended for the delimitation of a sensitive area, for example a wreck or marine mines.

Finally, it goes without saying that the examples of securing system 1 in accordance with the invention which have just been described are only specific illustrations, in no way limiting the invention.

Claims (14)

1. System (1) for securing a submerged buoy (2) equipped with means for ensuring the rise thereof to the surface on command and comprising at least one casing (3) enclosing a radio-acoustic signal receiver, a mooring rope (4) attached at one of the ends thereof to an anchored mooring point (5), a release mechanism allowing said buoy (2) to rise to the surface, and a battery; the securing system (1) including a signalling element (7) capable of floating on the surface and connected to the buoy (2) by a link (8), said securing system (1) being characterised in that it includes a reversible coupling device (9) comprising an attachment member (91) secured to the end of the link (8) opposite the signalling element (7), a complementary attachment member (92) rigidly connected to the buoy (2) and capable of engaging with said attachment member (91) in order to allow the link (8) to be rigidly connected to or separated from the buoy (2), a pressure sensor (93), and a control unit (94) associated with a time-measurement unit (95), said control unit (94) instructing said complementary attachment member (92) to separate from said attachment member (91) when a pressure variation, measured by associating said pressure sensor (93) and said time-measurement unit (95), is higher than a setpoint value.
2. Securing system (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the setpoint value corresponds to the pressure variation in time as a result of the world's greatest recorded tidal range.
3. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the coupling device (9) includes a "breakable" fastener (96) fastened on one side to the buoy (2) and on the other side to the attachment member (91) of the link (8), and dimensioned so as to rupture when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value.
4. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the coupling device (9) includes a "breakable" fastener (96) fastened on one side to the attachment member (91) of the link (8) and on the other side to the buoy (2) via a release clip capable of separating from the buoy (2) when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value.
5. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it includes a ballasted keel (11) extending beneath the buoy (2) and disposed between the point of pivoting of the buoy (2) and the attachment member (91) of the link (8), said keel (11), the point of pivoting of the buoy (2) and the attachment member (91) of the link (8) being disposed in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the buoy (2).
6. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it includes a pressure sensor rigidly connected to the buoy (2), capable of recording a sudden pressure rise beyond a setpoint depth and of sending, where appropriate, the information to the release mechanism in order to raise said buoy (2) to said setpoint depth.
7. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it comprises a humidity sensor located inside the casing (3) in the area receiving the electrical and/or electronic components, and capable, where appropriate, of triggering the release mechanism and of raising the buoy (2) to the surface.
8. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it comprises a member for permanently monitoring the battery of the buoy (2) capable of triggering the release mechanism and of raising the buoy (2) to the surface as soon as the level of the battery reaches a minimum threshold.
9. Securing system (1) according to claims 7 and 8, characterised in that the humidity sensor and the battery monitoring member are associated with indicator lights visible from the outside of the casing (3) of the buoy (2) .
10. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises a flash lamp (12) equipping the casing (3) of the buoy (2) and including at least one bulb (121) disposed beneath a transparent protective enclosure (122) secured to the top of a body (123) containing a control unit (124) associated with a twilight sensor (125) and a pressure sensor (126), such that the lamp (12) only flashes when it is dark and if the lamp (12) is out of the water.
11. Securing system (1) according to claim 10, characterised in that the lamp (12) includes a communication antenna compatible with AIS network signals and associated with a position determination device for alerting the owner of the buoy (2) if the latter rises to the surface.
12. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it includes a probe (13) arranged such that it is rigidly connected to the hull of a boat (14) and comprising a ceramic transducer having an overall hemispherical shape.
13. Securing system (1) according to claim 12, characterised in that it includes a remote probe similar to said probe (13).
14. Securing system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 13, including a specific and unique code for actuating the release mechanism of the buoy (2), characterised in that it includes a complementary coding device enabling the simultaneous actuation of the release mechanism of a series of buoys (2) thanks to a single "Passcode".

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