EP3575435A1 - Plasma spray method for coating a cylinder a cylinder liner of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating piston combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plasma spraying method for coating a cylinder raceway of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. The object of the invention is to provide a coating method by means of which the formation of oxides is limited or oxide lines in the layer formation and thus negative influences due to oxide breakouts and a micro-roughness which arises in particular thereby are avoided. According to the plasma spraying method according to the invention for coating a cylinder raceway of a cylinder crankcase (14) of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the coating (12) is at least partially applied to the cylinder raceway (18) of the cylinder crankcase (14) with the following parameter combination: a) rotational speed: 600-800 revolutions / minute, b) Spray material feed rate: 80 - 180 grams / minute and c) Feed speed: 24 - 75 mm / s

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a plasma spraying process for coating a cylinder bore of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

State of the art

Out WO 2017/202852 A1 For example, a coating process for coating a curved surface, a thermal coating and a cylinder with a thermal coating are known. Reference is made in particular to the use of powdered coating material using a thermal spray device, in particular a plasma spray gun or HVOF sprayer with a burner which rotates on a burner shaft about a shaft axis at a predetermined rotational frequency, wherein the coating jet for applying a coating to the curved Surface is at least partially radially directed away from the shaft axis to the curved surface. Reference is made to the use of increased rotational frequencies above 200 revolutions / minute (RPM), in particular up to 800 RPM or even more, whereby the delivery rate of the powdered coating material should be "suitably increased" accordingly.

The document WO 2017/202852 A1 makes no reference to the feed during the coating and is also not on the so-called oxide zeolicity of the coating to be achieved.

In the manufacture of cylinder crankcases for reciprocating internal combustion engines is increasingly trying to reduce the weight of the cylinder crankcases. For this purpose, cylinder crankcases made of aluminum are used, however, which require a protective layer in the region of the cylinder bore, for example a protective layer applied by means of plasma spraying. A positive side effect of the coating, in addition to a robustness increase of the cylinder bore a significantly reduced friction in the area of the piston group (and thereby also a reduced CO2 emission) as well as positive effects against corrosive media. Coating processes known in the art include powder plasma spraying (APS), wire spraying, such as plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA / RSW) coating, arc wire spraying (LDS) and high speed flame spraying (HVOF syringes).

Prior to a thermal coating of cylinder bores in aluminum crankcases and sometimes gray cast iron, a brazing process for brazing the coating, i. Improving the adhesion of the coating, carried out or is required so that the coating can be applied at all. This roughening process is represented by radiant processes using corundum and water (medium pressure / high pressure water jets), laser beam roughening or roughening with a geometrically defined cutting edge.

When using powder plasma spraying (APS process), increased oxide formation occurs due to inhomogeneities caused by the above-mentioned roughening process when a process control according to a coating process known from the prior art with for example 4 double cycles is selected. This can lead to a parallel to the surface resulting oxide zeolite in the coating. The Oxidzeiligkeit in turn causes a reduced layer stability and can lead in particular in a presence of oxides / oxide lines after the finish honing on the surface of the coating (cylinder barrel) to a breaking of the oxides and subsequently to a micro roughness of the cylinder surface. If the oxides / oxide lines on the surface are stressed by the honing process, increased breakouts of these oxides and thus an increased pore surface fraction of the raceway surface can occur. This can cause increased oil consumption and thus correspondingly lead to increased particulate emissions. Another disadvantage of the method known from the prior art is that it requires a relatively large amount of time for the coating process.

task

The object of the invention is to provide a coating method by means of which the formation of oxides is limited or oxide zones in the layer formation and thus negative influences due to oxide bursts occurring and a micro-roughness, which arises in particular due to such oxide breakdown or existing due to a high oxide line to avoid.

Presentation of the invention

The object is achieved according to the invention with the features of the independent claims. Further practical embodiments and advantages of the invention are described in connection with the dependent claims.

1. a) Rotationsgeschwindigkeit: 600 - 800 U/min,
2. b) Spritzgutförderrate: 80 - 180 g/min und
3. c) Vorschubgeschwindigkeit: 24 - 75 mm/s.

According to the plasma spraying method according to the invention for coating a cylinder bore of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the coating is at least partially applied to the cylinder bore of the cylinder crankcase with the following parameter combination:

1. a) rotational speed: 600-800 rpm,
2. b) Spraying rate: 80-180 g / min and
3. c) Feed rate: 24 - 75 mm / s.

By means of extensive empirical test series and with the aid of modified plant technology, it has been determined that with the abovementioned parameter ranges, which must all be fulfilled according to a), b) and c), in order to achieve the advantages according to the invention, the formation of oxides decreases and the resultant Oxidzeiligkeit can be drastically reduced. As a result, it is possible to achieve a particularly homogeneous surface, which is largely free of undesirable microcracking, which results from increased oxide formation and high oxide zeolite. In addition, a high rotational speed can be used during the process and thus the desired coating can be applied in a shorter time than with the methods known from the prior art. With regard to the rotational speed of the burner technology, values between 600-700 rpm have proven to be preferred. Further preferred values are between 630 rpm and 770 rpm, more preferably values between 640 rpm and 660 rpm. Particularly good results were achieved with rotational speeds of 650 rpm.

With regard to the rate of injection of material, reference is made in particular to the narrower value range between 80 and 150 g / min. More preferably, the range of values is between 90 and 130 g / min and more preferably the value range between 100 and 120 g / min. With regard to the rate of spray conveyance, reference is made in particular to the value of 110 g / min, with which, in particular in conjunction with the rotation speed of 650 rpm, a particularly high-quality result of coating the cylinder bore has been achieved.

The feed rate according to feature c) is referred to the value range between 30 and 70 mm / s, more preferably to the value range between 40 and 65 mm / s and particularly preferably to the value range between 50 and 65 mm / s. In addition, reference is made to the even narrower value ranges between 52 and 60 mm / s and more preferably between 54 and 58 mm / s.

In a practical embodiment of the plasma spraying process according to the invention, the coating is applied in the form of double strokes by means of 5-8 injection cycles. Particularly preferred in this regard is the application with 6-7 injection cycles to mention. It has been found that the thickness and the structure of a corresponding coating in conjunction with the required processing time in this case is particularly high-quality and efficient.

As a coating, a steel layer or a ceramic layer are preferably applied. With respect to the steel layers, particular reference is made to low alloy and high alloy steel layers, i. on steel layers with steels in which the sum of the alloying elements does not exceed a content of 5% by mass (low-alloyed steels) or steels in which the average mass content of at least one alloying element is greater than or equal to 5% (high-alloyed steels). The use of low alloy steels is preferred over high alloy steels. With high-alloy steels, however, results are also achieved which are advantageous over the results known from the prior art.

With regard to the application of a ceramic layer, particular reference is made to layers of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ).

A ceramic layer, irrespective of the above, is preferably applied in conjunction with a previous roughening process and the previous application of an adhesion-promoting layer. As an adhesion-promoting layer in particular a nickel-aluminum layer, a bronze layer or a low-alloy steel layer in question. The thickness of an adhesion-promoting layer is preferably less than 100 μm, preferably less than 60 μm and particularly preferably not more than 40 μm.

If a coating in the form of a low-alloy steel layer is to be achieved in a plasma spraying process according to the invention, this coating is preferably by means of a low alloy steel powder applied. His steel powder with a predominantly spherical morphology with low proportions of satellites is particularly preferred.

In a further practical embodiment of a plasma spraying process according to the invention, in which a steel layer is applied as the coating, the coating is applied by means of a steel powder containing less than 2% by weight of carbon (C), less than 2% by weight of manganese (Mn). , less than 2 wt.% chromium (Cr), less than 1 wt.% nickel (Ni), less than 1 wt.% oxygen (O2), and less than 1 wt.% nitrogen (N ₂ ) , With regard to the proportion of carbon, reference is made in particular to a percentage by weight of 1.0 to 1.3. With regard to the proportion of manganese, particular reference is made to a proportion of 1.2 to 1.6% by weight. With regard to the proportion by weight of chromium, particular reference is made to a value range from 1.2 to 1.6% by weight. With regard to the proportion by weight of nickel, reference is made in particular to the value range of less than 0.5% by weight. With regard to the proportion by weight of oxygen, reference is made in particular to values of less than 0.2% by weight and, with regard to the proportion by weight of nitrogen, in particular to the value range of less than 0.5% by weight. The abovementioned ranges of values preferably apply cumulatively, ie linked to one another in this combination.

A particularly high-quality coating is obtained when a steel layer is applied by means of a steel powder whose grain size is exclusively smaller than 60 microns and / or whose grain size is for the most part less than 42 microns. The proportion in weight percent of steel powder having a particle size of less than 42 microns is preferably at most 90 percent. The proportion with a particle size of less than 26 microns is preferably at most 50 percent. The proportion with a particle size of less than 16 microns is preferably at most 10 percent.

In a further practical embodiment of a plasma spraying process according to the invention, the coating is applied under the influence of the atmosphere. In this case, the method is also referred to as atmospheric plasma spraying or APS method. An advantage of the APS process is that it avoids the use of inert gases and the associated additional costs. Alternatively, the coating can be applied in a plasma spraying process according to the invention but also by using a protective gas or in a vacuum. Although in this case the costs for carrying out the process are increased, in individual cases a qualitatively even better result of a coating can be achieved, ie in particular a coating can be achieved which has a lower oxide content or has a lower oxide content.

The plasma spraying process according to the invention is particularly advantageous if, prior to the application of the coating, at least one radiating roughening process is carried out by means of corundum and / or water, by means of laser beam roughening or by roughening with a geometrically defined cutting edge. In this case, the adhesiveness of the coating to be applied improves, and at the same time, the durability of the obtained coating increases.

Further practical embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Figur 1:

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Ausschnitts einer Zylinderlaufbahn mit einer Beschichtung,

Figur 2:

einen Blick auf eine Oberfläche einer Beschichtung einer Zylinderlaufbahn gemäß Stand der Technik,

Figur 3:

einen Querschnitt durch eine mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Beschichtung auf einer Zylinderlaufbahn und

Figur 4:

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts gemäß Figur 3.

Show it:

FIG. 1:

a cross-sectional view of a section of a cylinder liner with a coating,

FIG. 2:

a view of a surface of a coating of a cylinder bore according to the prior art,

FIG. 3:

a cross section through a coating produced by a method according to the invention on a cylinder bore and

FIG. 4:

an enlarged view of the section according to FIG. 3 ,

Description of preferred embodiments

FIG. 1 shows a detail of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a section of a cylinder bore of an aluminum body 10 of a cylinder crankcase 14, wherein the aluminum body 10 is provided with a coating 12 and the aluminum body 10 facing away from surface 16 is part of the cylinder bore 18 of the cylinder crankcase 14. The partly marked black areas 20 are oxides which have formed during the application of the coating 12 by means of a plasma spraying process.

FIG. 2 shows the surface 16 of the cylinder barrel 18. As can be seen in the figure, 16 individual oxide rows 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d have formed on the surface, which are formed by black dots, which are arranged approximately in one row. This is the above-mentioned oxide zeolite.

FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 1 wherein the coating 12 has been applied by means of a plasma spraying process according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the view FIG. 3 , As can be seen, the surface 16, which forms the cylinder bore 18 of the cylinder crankcase 14, a significantly increased quality in that no oxide zeolite is more recognizable. In addition, it can be seen that significantly fewer oxides have formed in the coating 12 than in the coating 12 according to the prior art, which is described in US Pat FIG. 1 is shown.

The features of the invention disclosed in the present description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combinations for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments. The invention may be varied within the scope of the claims and in consideration of the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Aluminum body

12

coating

14

cylinder crankcase

16

surface

18

Cylinder liner

20

black area (oxide)

22a-d

Oxidzeilen

Claims (10)

Plasma spraying process for coating a cylinder bore of a cylinder crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, characterized in that the coating (12) at least partially with the following parameter combination on the cylinder bore (18) of the cylinder crankcase (14) is applied: a) rotation speed: 600-800 revolutions / minute, b) Spraying rate: 80 - 180 grams / minute and c) Feed rate: 24 - 75 mm / s Plasma spraying method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the coating (12) is applied by means of 5 to 8 injection cycles each in the form of double strokes. Plasma spraying method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a steel layer or a ceramic layer is applied as the coating (12). Plasma spraying method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the coating (12) is applied by means of a low-alloyed steel powder. Plasma spraying method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that a steel layer is applied by means of a steel powder having a predominantly spherical morphology with small proportions of satellites as coating (12). Plasma spraying process according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that as coating (12) a steel layer is applied by means of a steel powder containing less than 2% by weight of carbon (C), less than 2% by weight of manganese (Mn), less than 2 wt.% chromium (Cr), less than 1 wt.% nickel (Ni), less than 1 wt.% oxygen (O2) and less than 1 wt.% nitrogen (N2). Plasma spraying method according to one of the four preceding claims, characterized in that a steel layer is applied by means of a steel powder whose grain size is exclusively smaller than 60 microns and / or to a predominant Part is smaller than 42 microns. Plasma spraying method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (12) is applied under the influence of the atmosphere (APS method). Plasma spraying method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (12) is applied using a protective gas or in a vacuum. Plasma spraying method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that prior to the application of the coating (12) at least one radiating roughening process by means of corundum and / or water, by laser beam roughening or by roughening with geometrically defined cutting edge is performed.

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