EP2215334B1 - Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2215334B1
EP2215334B1 EP08843581A EP08843581A EP2215334B1 EP 2215334 B1 EP2215334 B1 EP 2215334B1 EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 2215334 B1 EP2215334 B1 EP 2215334B1
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Prior art keywords
valve
layer
nickel
chromium
nickel layer
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2215334A1 (en
Inventor
Vadim Verlotski
Helmut HÖNICKE
Rudolf Stanglmaier
Günther MOORMANN
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Maerkisches Werk GmbH
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Maerkisches Werk GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04Coated valve members or valve-seats

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine comprising a valve disk and a valve stem, wherein the valve stem is provided with a chromium layer forming the running surface of the valve and a method for its production.
  • valves are well known in the art and, for example, in the TRW edition " Large engine parts ", 1st edition, 1987, p. 9 ff , described.
  • the regularly several 10 microns thick and usual way galvanically applied chromium coating of the valve stem forms due to their hardness an excellent sliding layer for the valve while reducing wear.
  • the chrome coating of the valve stem provides some corrosion protection for the base material of the valve stem, so that such exhaust valves are used even in the highly corrosive environmental conditions in marine diesel engines.
  • a chromium layer covering a substrate can optionally also be combined with an underlying layer of nickel.
  • JP 63125875 AA known injection valve is a base material coated with a wear-resistant chromium layer, which is underlaid for improved removal of shock loads with a nickel layer.
  • an inlet or outlet valve according to claim 1.
  • This is - according to the invention - in addition to the features mentioned above, characterized in that between the base material of the valve stem and the chromium layer, a nickel layer is provided and further that the chromium layer has a greater layer thickness than the underlying nickel layer.
  • the valve according to the invention is much better protected against corrosive influences because of the crack-free intermediate nickel layer, with the overlying chromium layer having a greater layer thickness serving as an outer running surface for the valve stem. It turns out that in a valve according to the invention, the undesirable effect of premature damage to the chromium coating - even under highly corrosive environmental conditions - no longer occurs, which has a significantly increased life result.
  • the damage of the deposited directly on the base material of the valve stem chromium layer is thus not only as a result of friction caused by abrasive wear, but is determined by corrosive influences. This is especially true for wet corrosion, as e.g. by salt water, water-containing lubricating oils or sulphurous exhaust gases (in the condensation in the region of the outlet valve) may occur.
  • chromium is thoroughly resistant to corrosion, even as a result of a Cr 2 O 3 passivation.
  • the chromium layer as such is not corrosively attacked despite the usually existing layer thickness of several 10 microns, but it comes to a corrosion of the underlying base material, which then the adhesion of the chromium layer on the base material the valve stem worsens until it peels off.
  • Even chromium layers with layer thicknesses of several 10 microns namely have a microporosity with a crack structure that does not reliably exclude corrosive damage to the underlying base material.
  • the nickel intermediate layer provided in the context of the invention can counteract this effect, irrespective of its smaller layer thickness compared to the chromium layer, which ultimately results in the desired lifetime extension for the outlet valve.
  • a valve according to the invention now - compared to the prior art - thinner chrome layers are used, which must be designed essentially only in terms of expected over the life of the valve abrasive wear.
  • the multi-layer coating of the inlet or outlet valve with a nickel-chromium composite layer which is provided according to the invention, also proves to be particularly suitable in view of the fact that the nickel interlayer - particularly under high temperature load - is particularly suitable for the valve steels of the inlet and outlet valves which are usually used as the base material of internal combustion engines adheres.
  • a possible loss of hardness of the nickel layer at high temperatures, as they occur in the region of the outlet valve is not important, since the running surface exposed to the abrasive wear for the valve stem is formed by the overlying chromium layer.
  • the inventively provided chromium layer should preferably have a layer thickness of more than 12 microns, which can be limited to an advantageous layer thickness range of about 20 - 60 microns.
  • layer thicknesses in the range of 5-20 ⁇ m prove to be sufficient for the nickel layer in order to achieve the present invention
  • the valve of the present invention relates to a bimetallic valve, in which case it must be ensured in an advantageous manner that the transition region between the two metals is at least covered by the nickel layer.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that bimetal valves in the transition region of the usually friction-welded metal or valve steel alloys are particularly exposed to harmful corrosion. In the presence of an electrolyte (for example, a salt or acid solution), increased corrosion of the less noble material components of the various alloys occurs at the weld seam and in its vicinity (ie in the transition region of the two materials) by forming a galvanic pair.
  • an electrolyte for example, a salt or acid solution
  • valves with so-called seat armor so valves made of conventional valve steel, in which the valve seat is armored with a material of higher quality (for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co-base alloy). Again, there may be an increase in corrosion in the transition region between armor and the base material of the valve.
  • a material of higher quality for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co-base alloy.
  • the nickel layer can thus in a preferred manner - which is also considered as an independent development of the invention - cover a larger area of the valve, as the only necessary for Gleit sulfuren chromium layer in the shaft region, which then only partially covers the nickel layer. It is advantageous that such a coating can be produced in a particularly simple manner within the scope of the manufacturing method explained below.
  • the nickel layer provided according to the invention is advantageously an electroplated nickel layer, with a semi-bright nickel layer preferably being desired in the context of the invention. Alternatively, however, a chemically applied (high-gloss) nickel layer may also be provided.
  • the chromium layer is preferably a hard chrome layer, so that sufficient wear protection is ensured.
  • both the nickel layer and the chromium layer are preferably pure nickel or chromium layers, ie not corresponding alloys.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exhaust valve 1 for an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine, which is formed of two different valve steels as a bimetallic valve. While the valve stem 2 from a comparatively cheap valve steel (For example, X45CrSi9.3) is formed, it is in the material of the valve cone or valve disc 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A). These were in the transition region 5 in the usual manner, for example by means of friction welding, assembled.
  • a high-quality nickel-based superalloy eg Nimonic 80A
  • the outlet valve 1 shown in the drawing was first galvanically coated with an approximately 15 microns thick nickel layer 6, wherein advantageously the area of the valve seat 4 serves as a contact surface for electroplating and otherwise only a clamping groove 8 having shank end 7 remains uncoated.
  • the shaft end 7 is masked during galvanization by means of a rubber cap (not shown).
  • the valve stem 2 or the nickel layer 6 already present in this region is coated with a chromium layer 9 forming the running surface of the valve 1, the chromium layer having a layer thickness of 40 ⁇ m being thicker than the nickel layer 6.
  • Both the nickel layer 6 and the chromium layer 9 are in Fig. 1 shown oversized in their layer thickness for better illustration.
  • the nickel layer 6 covers a larger part of the illustrated outlet valve 1 in comparison to the chromium layer 9. In the present case, even the underside 10 of the valve disk is covered by the nickel layer 6. In particular, however, the nickel layer 6 also covers the transition region 5 of the bimetallic valve shown, so that according to the invention also effective corrosion protection is provided in this region.
  • the chrome layer 9, however, is applied only in the area of the valve stem 2.
  • valve 1 shown was finally subjected to the seating area 4 a grinding treatment, so that there are no disturbing nickel residues on the valve seat 4 forming base material available.
  • the hard surface covered with hard chrome was ground to size to ensure good sliding properties of the exhaust valve 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
  • Indole Compounds (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an intake or discharge valve (1) for a combustion engine, comprising a valve disk (3) and a valve stem (2) that has a chromium layer (9) as a running surface. In order to increase the service life, a nickel layer (6) is provided between the basic material of the valve stem (2) and the chromium layer (9), and the chromium layer (9) is thicker than the nickel layer (6) that lies thereunder.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Ein- oder Auslassventil für einen Verbrennungsmotor umfassend einen Ventilteller und einen Ventilschaft, wobei der Ventilschaft mit einer die Laufoberfläche des Ventils bildenden Chromschicht versehen ist sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The present invention relates to an intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine comprising a valve disk and a valve stem, wherein the valve stem is provided with a chromium layer forming the running surface of the valve and a method for its production.

Solche Ventile sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt und beispielsweise in der TRW-Ausgabe " Großmotorenteile", 1. Auflage, 1987, S. 9 ff . beschrieben. Die regelmäßig mehrere 10 µm dicke und üblicher Weise galvanisch aufgetragene Chrombeschichtung des Ventilschafts bildet infolge ihrer Härte eine hervorragende Gleitschicht für das Ventil bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung des Verschleißes. Zudem stellt die Chrombeschichtung des Ventilschaftes einen gewissen Korrosionsschutz für das Basismaterial des Ventilschafts dar, so dass solche Auslassventile auch in den hochkorrosiven Umgebungsbedingungen in Schiffsdieselmotoren Verwendung finden.Such valves are well known in the art and, for example, in the TRW edition " Large engine parts ", 1st edition, 1987, p. 9 ff , described. The regularly several 10 microns thick and usual way galvanically applied chromium coating of the valve stem forms due to their hardness an excellent sliding layer for the valve while reducing wear. In addition, the chrome coating of the valve stem provides some corrosion protection for the base material of the valve stem, so that such exhaust valves are used even in the highly corrosive environmental conditions in marine diesel engines.

Bei einem in DE 2856232 A1 beschriebenen thermisch und korrosiv beanspruchten Tellerventil ist im Bereich des Ventilkopfes ein Schutzmantel aus einer metallischen Grundschicht und einer Deckschicht aus einem keramischen Stoff aufgetragen.At an in DE 2856232 A1 described thermally and corrosively stressed poppet valve in the valve head a protective coat of a metallic base layer and a cover layer of a ceramic material is applied.

Die Anmelderin hat jedoch in Zusammenhang mit hochwertigen und langlebigen Bimetallventilen von Schiffsdieselmotoren, bei denen Ventilteller- und Ventilschaft aus verschiedenen Legierungen bestehen, festgestellt, dass die Chromschicht nach gewisser Betriebsdauer beschädigt wird, was somit lebensdauerbeschränkend für das Ventil sein kann. Infolge der hohen Temperaturbelastung von Auslassventilen tritt der vorstehend genannte nachteilige Effekt dort noch gravierender in Erscheinung. Dies wurde zunächst als eine mehr oder weniger unvermeidliche Folge des abrasiven Verschleißes der Chromschicht angesehen, dem man prinzipiell mit einer größeren Schichtdicke für die Chromschicht begegnen könnte. Dies erweist sich jedoch - auch in Anbetracht der Größe von Auslassventilen in Schiffsdieselmotoren - als äußerst kostenintensiv.However, Applicant has found, in the context of high quality and durable bimetallic valves of marine diesel engines, where the valve disk and valve stem consist of different alloys, that the chrome layer is damaged after a certain period of operation, which can thus be life-limiting for the valve. Due to the high temperature load of exhaust valves, the above-mentioned disadvantageous effect occurs even more seriously there. This was initially regarded as a more or less unavoidable consequence of the abrasive wear of the chromium layer, which could in principle be counteracted with a greater layer thickness for the chromium layer. However, this proves to be extremely costly, also considering the size of exhaust valves in marine diesel engines.

Ferner ist es an sich bekannt, dass eine ein Substrat bedeckende Chromschicht gegebenenfalls auch mit einer darunter liegenden Schicht aus Nickel kombiniert werden kann.Furthermore, it is known per se that a chromium layer covering a substrate can optionally also be combined with an underlying layer of nickel.

Dies betrifft vor allem Zierteile mit einer dünnen dekorativen Chrom-Oberfläche, bei denen die Chromschicht zwar eine gewisse Schutzwirkung erzielt, jedoch alleine - infolge ihrer geringen Schichtdicke und wegen der unvermeidbaren Mikroporosität von Chromschichten - keinen ausreichenden Korrosionsschutz für solche Zierteile bietet.This applies especially to decorative parts with a thin decorative chrome surface, in which the chromium layer achieves a certain protective effect, but alone - due to its small layer thickness and because of the unavoidable microporosity of chrome layers - does not provide sufficient corrosion protection for such decorative parts.

Insoweit sei beispielhaft auf die EP 1624092 A1 verwiesen, wo zur Vermeidung einer Verfärbung der nur etwa 0,2 bis 0,9 µm dicken Chromschicht eines Auspuffrohrs eines Motorrads eine Nickelzwischenschicht vorgeschlagen wird, die auch noch eine antikorrosive Wirkung entfaltet. Solche Verbundschichten eignen sich jedoch nicht für Auslassventile der eingangs genannten Art.In that regard, be exemplary of the EP 1624092 A1 referenced, where to avoid discoloration of only about 0.2 to 0.9 microns thick chromium layer of an exhaust pipe of a motorcycle, a nickel intermediate layer is proposed, which also unfolds an anti-corrosive effect. However, such composite layers are not suitable for exhaust valves of the type mentioned.

Schließlich ist es auf anderen Anwendungsgebieten wie bei Hydraulikanlagen oder sonstiger Hardware in maritimer Umgebung an sich bekannt, dass mittels einer stromlos abgeschiedenen Nickelzwischenschicht die Korrosionsschutzwirkung einer Hartchromschicht verbessert werden kann (vgl. z.B. den Artikel " Hard Chrome Plated Electroless Nickel", Daniel A. Brockman, Products Finishing, January 1982 ). Eine Anwendung solcher Verbundschichten bei Ein- oder Auslassventilen von Verbrennungsmotoren wurde indessen bisher nicht in Betracht gezogen.Finally, it is known in other fields of application, such as in hydraulic systems or other hardware in a maritime environment, that the corrosion protection effect of a hard chrome layer can be improved by means of an electrolessly deposited nickel intermediate layer (cf., for example, the article " Hard Chrome Plated Electroless Nickel, "Daniel A. Brockman, Products Finishing, January 1982 ). However, use of such composite layers in intake or exhaust valves of internal combustion engines has not been considered.

Bei einem aus JP 63125875 AA bekannten Einspritzventil ist ein Basismaterial mit einer verschleißfesten Chromschicht überzogen, die zur verbesserten Abtragung von Stoßbelastungen mit einer Nickelschicht unterlegt ist.At one off JP 63125875 AA known injection valve is a base material coated with a wear-resistant chromium layer, which is underlaid for improved removal of shock loads with a nickel layer.

Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, mit möglichst einfachen Mitteln ein Ein- oder Auslassventil der eingangs genannten Art hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer seiner Beschichtung zu verbessern und ein entsprechendes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Ventils bereitzustellen.Against this background, it is the object of the present invention with the simplest possible means to improve an inlet or outlet valve of the type mentioned in terms of the life of its coating and to provide a corresponding method for producing such a valve.

Diese Aufgabe wird von einem Ein- oder Auslassventil nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Dieses ist - neben den eingangs genannten Merkmalen - erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Basismaterial des Ventilschafts und der Chromschicht eine Nickelschicht vorgesehen ist und dass ferner die Chromschicht eine größere Schichtdicke als die darunter liegende Nickelschicht aufweist.This object is achieved by an inlet or outlet valve according to claim 1. This is - according to the invention - in addition to the features mentioned above, characterized in that between the base material of the valve stem and the chromium layer, a nickel layer is provided and further that the chromium layer has a greater layer thickness than the underlying nickel layer.

Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil ist wegen der rissfreien Nickelzwischenschicht wesentlich besser gegen korrosive Einflüsse,geschützt, wobei die darüber liegende Chromschicht mit größerer Schichtdicke als äußere Lauffläche für den Ventilschaft dient. Es zeigt sich, dass bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Ventil der unerwünschte Effekt einer frühzeitigen Beschädigung der Chrombeschichtung - auch unter höchst korrosiven Umgebungsbedingungen - nicht mehr auftritt, was eine maßgeblich erhöhte Lebensdauer zur Folge hat. Die Beschädigung der direkt auf das Basismaterial des Ventilschafts abgeschiedenen Chromschicht stellt sich somit nicht nur als Folge eines durch Reibung verursachten abrasiven Verschleißes dar, sondern ist wesentlich durch korrosive Einflüsse bestimmt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Nasskorrosion, wie sie z.B. durch Salzwasser, wasserhaltigen Schmieröle oder schwefelhaltigen Abgase (bei deren Kondensation im Bereich des Austrittsventils) auftreten kann.The valve according to the invention is much better protected against corrosive influences because of the crack-free intermediate nickel layer, with the overlying chromium layer having a greater layer thickness serving as an outer running surface for the valve stem. It turns out that in a valve according to the invention, the undesirable effect of premature damage to the chromium coating - even under highly corrosive environmental conditions - no longer occurs, which has a significantly increased life result. The damage of the deposited directly on the base material of the valve stem chromium layer is thus not only as a result of friction caused by abrasive wear, but is determined by corrosive influences. This is especially true for wet corrosion, as e.g. by salt water, water-containing lubricating oils or sulphurous exhaust gases (in the condensation in the region of the outlet valve) may occur.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist von Bedeutung, dass Chrom selbst infolge einer Cr2O3-Passivierung durchaus korrosionsbeständig ist. Bei direkter Beschichtung der Lauffläche eines gattungsgemäßen Ventils mit Chrom wird somit trotz der üblicherweise vorhandenen Schichtdicke von mehreren 10 µm letztlich nicht die Chromschicht als solche korrosiv angegriffen, sondern es kommt zu einer Korrosion des darunter liegenden Basismaterials, was dann die Haftung der Chromschicht auf dem Basismaterial des Ventilschafts verschlechtert bis diese abblättert. Auch Chromschichten mit Schichtdicken von mehreren 10 µm weisen nämlich noch eine Mikroporosität mit einer Rissstruktur auf, die eine korrosive Schädigung des darunter liegenden Basismaterials nicht zuverlässig ausschließt.In the context of the invention, it is important that chromium is thoroughly resistant to corrosion, even as a result of a Cr 2 O 3 passivation. In the case of direct coating of the running surface of a generic valve with chromium, therefore, the chromium layer as such is not corrosively attacked despite the usually existing layer thickness of several 10 microns, but it comes to a corrosion of the underlying base material, which then the adhesion of the chromium layer on the base material the valve stem worsens until it peels off. Even chromium layers with layer thicknesses of several 10 microns namely have a microporosity with a crack structure that does not reliably exclude corrosive damage to the underlying base material.

Die im Rahmen der Erfindung vorgesehene Nickelzwischenschicht kann ungeachtet ihrer im Vergleich zur Chromschicht geringeren Schichtdicke diesem Effekt entgegentreten, was letztlich die erwünschte Lebensdauerverlängerung für das Auslassventil zur Folge hat. Außerdem können bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Ventil nun auch - im Vergleich zum vorbekannten Stand der Technik - dünnere Chromschichten Verwendung finden, die im Wesentlichen nur noch hinsichtlich des über die Lebensdauer des Ventils zu erwartenden abrasiven Verschleißes ausgelegt sein müssen.The nickel intermediate layer provided in the context of the invention can counteract this effect, irrespective of its smaller layer thickness compared to the chromium layer, which ultimately results in the desired lifetime extension for the outlet valve. In addition, in a valve according to the invention now - compared to the prior art - thinner chrome layers are used, which must be designed essentially only in terms of expected over the life of the valve abrasive wear.

Als besonders geeignet erweist sich die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Mehrfachbeschichtung des Ein- oder Auslassventils mit einer Nickel-Chrom-Verbundschicht auch im Hinblick darauf, dass die Nickelzwischenschicht - auch unter hoher Temperaturbelastung - besonders gut auf den üblicherweise als Basiswerkstoff verwendeten Ventilstählen der Ein- bzw. Auslassventile von Verbrennungsmotoren haftet. Ein etwaiger Härteverlust der Nickelschicht bei hohen Temperaturen, wie sie im Bereich des Austrittsventils auftreten, ist nicht von Bedeutung, da die dem abrasiven Verschleiß ausgesetzte Laufoberfläche für den Ventilschaft durch die darüber liegende Chromschicht gebildet wird.The multi-layer coating of the inlet or outlet valve with a nickel-chromium composite layer, which is provided according to the invention, also proves to be particularly suitable in view of the fact that the nickel interlayer - particularly under high temperature load - is particularly suitable for the valve steels of the inlet and outlet valves which are usually used as the base material of internal combustion engines adheres. A possible loss of hardness of the nickel layer at high temperatures, as they occur in the region of the outlet valve is not important, since the running surface exposed to the abrasive wear for the valve stem is formed by the overlying chromium layer.

Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Chromschicht sollte bevorzugt eine Schichtdicke von mehr als 12 µm aufweisen, wobei man sich in vorteilhafter Weise auf einen Schichtdickenbereich von etwa 20 - 60 µm beschränken kann. Für die Nickelschicht erweisen sich demgegenüber bereits Schichtdicken im Bereich von 5 - 20 µm als ausreichend, um im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung den Korrosionsschutz insgesamt so zu verbessern, dass die Chromschicht ihrer eigentlichen Aufgabe als Gleitfläche entsprechen kann - ohne gleichzeitig einer verschlechterten Haftung durch Korrosion des Basismaterials ausgesetzt zu sein.The inventively provided chromium layer should preferably have a layer thickness of more than 12 microns, which can be limited to an advantageous layer thickness range of about 20 - 60 microns. On the other hand, layer thicknesses in the range of 5-20 μm prove to be sufficient for the nickel layer in order to achieve the present invention Overall, to improve corrosion protection so that the chrome layer can fulfill their actual task as a sliding surface - without at the same time being exposed to a deteriorated adhesion due to corrosion of the base material.

Besonders bevorzugt betrifft das Ventil der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Bimetallventil, wobei dann in vorteilhafter Weise dafür zu sorgen ist, dass der Übergangsbereich zwischen den beiden Metallen wenigstens von der Nickelschicht überdeckt ist. Dieser Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zu Grunde, dass Bimetallventile im Übergangsbereich der üblicherweise reibverschweißten Metall- bzw. Ventilstahllegierungen in besonderem Maße einer schädlichen Korrosion ausgesetzt sind. In Anwesenheit eines Elektrolyten (z.B. einer Salz- oder Säurelösung) erfolgt nämlich an der Schweißnaht und in deren Nähe (also im Übergangsbereich der beiden Werkstoffe) eine verstärkte Korrosion der weniger edlen Materialkomponenten der verschiedenen Legierungen durch Bildung eines galvanischen Paars. Ein vergleichbarer Effekt ergibt sich auch bei Ventilen mit so genannter Sitzpanzerung, also bei aus üblichem Ventilstahl hergestellten Ventilen, bei denen der Ventilsitz mit einem Werkstoff höherer Güte (z.B. mit Stellite, einer besonders harten Co-Basislegierung) gepanzert ist. Auch hier kann es im Übergangsbereich zwischen Panzerung und dem Basiswerkstoff des Ventils zu einer erhöhten Korrosionsbildung kommen.Particularly preferably, the valve of the present invention relates to a bimetallic valve, in which case it must be ensured in an advantageous manner that the transition region between the two metals is at least covered by the nickel layer. This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that bimetal valves in the transition region of the usually friction-welded metal or valve steel alloys are particularly exposed to harmful corrosion. In the presence of an electrolyte (for example, a salt or acid solution), increased corrosion of the less noble material components of the various alloys occurs at the weld seam and in its vicinity (ie in the transition region of the two materials) by forming a galvanic pair. A similar effect also applies to valves with so-called seat armor, so valves made of conventional valve steel, in which the valve seat is armored with a material of higher quality (for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co-base alloy). Again, there may be an increase in corrosion in the transition region between armor and the base material of the valve.

Dieser Korrosion kann im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung effektiv vorgebeugt werden, wenn der Übergangsbereich - wie vorstehend beschrieben - wenigstens von der einen guten Korrosionsschutz bietenden Nickelschicht überdeckt ist. In diesem Bereich, der üblicherweise nicht mehr der Lauffläche des Ventilschafts zuzurechnen ist, muss die Nickelschicht also nicht zwangsläufig mit der im Bereich des Ventilschafts vorzusehenden Chromschicht bedeckt sein.This corrosion can be effectively prevented in the context of the present invention, if the transition region - as described above - at least from a good corrosion protection bidding nickel layer is covered. In this area, which is usually no longer attributable to the running surface of the valve stem, the nickel layer does not necessarily have to be covered with the chromium layer to be provided in the area of the valve stem.

Die Nickelschicht kann somit in bevorzugter Weise - was im Übrigen auch als eigenständige Weiterbildung der Erfindung angesehen wird - einen größeren Bereich des Ventils überdecken, als die zu Gleitzwecken lediglich im Schaftbereich zwingend vorzusehende Chromschicht, die dann die Nickelschicht also nur teilweise überdeckt. Dabei ist von Vorteil, dass sich eine solche Beschichtung im Rahmen des später erläuterten Herstellungsverfahrens in besonders einfacher Weise herstellen lässt.The nickel layer can thus in a preferred manner - which is also considered as an independent development of the invention - cover a larger area of the valve, as the only necessary for Gleitzwecken chromium layer in the shaft region, which then only partially covers the nickel layer. It is advantageous that such a coating can be produced in a particularly simple manner within the scope of the manufacturing method explained below.

Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Nickelschicht handelt es sich in vorteilhafter Weise um eine galvanisch aufgebrachte Nickelschicht, wobei im Rahmen der Erfindung bevorzugt eine Halbglanznickelschicht angestrebt ist. Alternativ kann jedoch auch eine chemisch aufgebrachte (Hochglanz-)Nickelschicht vorgesehen sein.The nickel layer provided according to the invention is advantageously an electroplated nickel layer, with a semi-bright nickel layer preferably being desired in the context of the invention. Alternatively, however, a chemically applied (high-gloss) nickel layer may also be provided.

Bei der Chromschicht handelt es sich im Rahmen der Erfindung bevorzugt um eine Hartchromschicht, damit ein ausreichender Verschleißschutz gewährleistet ist. Es handelt sich im Übrigen sowohl bei der Nickel- als auch bei der Chromschicht bevorzugt um reine Nickel- bzw. Chromschichten, also nicht um entsprechende Legierungen.In the context of the invention, the chromium layer is preferably a hard chrome layer, so that sufficient wear protection is ensured. Incidentally, both the nickel layer and the chromium layer are preferably pure nickel or chromium layers, ie not corresponding alloys.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung der vorstehend erläuterten Ventile umfasst insbesondere die folgenden Schritte:

  • galvanisches Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf das Basismaterial des Ventils, wobei der Bereich des Ventilsitzes als Kontaktfläche für das Galvanisieren dient,
  • Aufbringen einer im Bereich des Ventilschafts als Laufoberfläche für das Ventil dienenden Chromschicht mit einer im Vergleich zur Nickelschicht größeren Schichtdicke und
  • Schleifen des Ventils im Bereich des Ventilsitzes zur Entfernung etwaiger Nickelreste in diesem Bereich.
The method according to the invention for producing the above-described valves comprises in particular the following steps:
  • electroplating a nickel layer onto the base material of the valve, the area of the valve seat serving as a contact surface for plating,
  • Application of a serving in the valve stem area as a running surface for the valve chromium layer with a larger compared to the nickel layer thickness and
  • Grinding the valve in the area of the valve seat to remove any nickel residues in this area.

Dabei ist ersichtlich unerheblich, ob der vorstehend zuletzt genannte Verfahrensschritt vor oder nach dem Aufbringen der Chromschicht durchgeführt wird, so dass es insoweit nicht auf die Reihenfolge der angegebenen Verfahrensschritte ankommt.It is obviously irrelevant whether the last-mentioned method step is carried out before or after the application of the chromium layer, so that it does not depend on the order of the specified method steps insofar.

Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die vorstehenden Ausführungen zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Ventil in gleicher Weise auf das erfindungsgemäße Herstellungsverfahren übertragbar sind.It goes without saying that the above statements on the valve according to the invention are transferable in the same way to the production method according to the invention.

Nachstehend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Auslassventil 1 für einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere einen Schiffsdieselmotor, welches aus zwei verschiedenen Ventilstählen als Bimetallventil ausgebildet ist. Während der Ventilschaft 2 aus einem vergleichsweise günstigen Ventilstahl (z.B. X45CrSi9.3) ausgebildet ist, handelt es sich bei dem Werkstoff des Ventilkegels bzw. Ventiltellers 3 mit Ventilsitz 4 um eine hochwertige Superlegierung auf Nickelbasis (z.B. Nimonic 80A). Diese wurden im Übergangsbereich 5 auf übliche Weise, z.B. mittels Reibschweißen, zusammengefügt. Fig. 1 shows an exhaust valve 1 for an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine, which is formed of two different valve steels as a bimetallic valve. While the valve stem 2 from a comparatively cheap valve steel (For example, X45CrSi9.3) is formed, it is in the material of the valve cone or valve disc 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A). These were in the transition region 5 in the usual manner, for example by means of friction welding, assembled.

Das in der Zeichnung dargestellte Auslassventil 1 wurde zunächst galvanisch mit einer ca. 15 µm dicken Nickelschicht 6 beschichtet, wobei für das Galvanisieren vorteilhaft der Bereich des Ventilsitzes 4 als Kontaktfläche dient und im übrigen lediglich das eine Klemmrille 8 aufweisende Schaftende 7 unbeschichtet bleibt. Hierzu wird das Schaftende 7 beim Galvanisieren mittels einer Gummikappe (nicht dargestellt) maskiert. Anschließend wird der Ventilschaft 2 bzw. die in diesem Bereich bereits vorhandene Nickelschicht 6 mit einer die Laufoberfläche des Ventils 1 bildenden Chromschicht 9 überzogen, wobei die Chromschicht mit einer Schichtdicke von 40 µm dicker als die Nickelschicht 6 ist. Sowohl die Nickelschicht 6 als auch die Chromschicht 9 sind in Fig. 1 in ihrer Schichtdicke zur besseren Veranschaulichung überzeichnet dargestellt.The outlet valve 1 shown in the drawing was first galvanically coated with an approximately 15 microns thick nickel layer 6, wherein advantageously the area of the valve seat 4 serves as a contact surface for electroplating and otherwise only a clamping groove 8 having shank end 7 remains uncoated. For this purpose, the shaft end 7 is masked during galvanization by means of a rubber cap (not shown). Subsequently, the valve stem 2 or the nickel layer 6 already present in this region is coated with a chromium layer 9 forming the running surface of the valve 1, the chromium layer having a layer thickness of 40 μm being thicker than the nickel layer 6. Both the nickel layer 6 and the chromium layer 9 are in Fig. 1 shown oversized in their layer thickness for better illustration.

Aus der Zeichnung ist gut ersichtlich, dass die Nickelschicht 6 im Vergleich zur Chromschicht 9 einen größeren Teil des dargestellten Auslassventils 1 überdeckt. Vorliegend ist sogar die Unterseite 10 des Ventiltellers von der Nickelschicht 6 überzogen. Insbesondere überdeckt die Nickelschicht 6 jedoch auch den Übergangsbereich 5 des dargestellten Bimetallventils, so dass erfindungsgemäß auch in diesem Bereich für einen effektiven Korrosionsschutz gesorgt ist. Die Chromschicht 9 ist hingegen nur im Bereich des Ventilschafts 2 appliziert.It can be clearly seen from the drawing that the nickel layer 6 covers a larger part of the illustrated outlet valve 1 in comparison to the chromium layer 9. In the present case, even the underside 10 of the valve disk is covered by the nickel layer 6. In particular, however, the nickel layer 6 also covers the transition region 5 of the bimetallic valve shown, so that according to the invention also effective corrosion protection is provided in this region. The chrome layer 9, however, is applied only in the area of the valve stem 2.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ventil 1 wurde schließlich noch der Sitzbereich 4 einer Schleifbehandlung unterzogen, so dass dort keine störenden Nickelreste mehr auf dem den Ventilsitz 4 bildenden Basiswerkstoff vorhanden sind. Außerdem wurde auch die mit Hartchrom überdeckte Schaftfläche auf Maß geschliffen, um gute Gleiteigenschaften des Auslassventils 1 zu gewährleisten. At the in Fig. 1 valve 1 shown was finally subjected to the seating area 4 a grinding treatment, so that there are no disturbing nickel residues on the valve seat 4 forming base material available. In addition, the hard surface covered with hard chrome was ground to size to ensure good sliding properties of the exhaust valve 1.

Claims (10)

  1. Intake or discharge valve (1) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a valve disc (3) and a valve stem (2), wherein the valve stem (2) is provided with a chromium layer (9) which forms the running surface of the valve (1),
    characterised in that
    a nickel layer (6) is provided between the base material of the valve stem (2) and the chromium layer (9) and that the chromium layer (9) has a greater layer thickness than the underlying nickel layer (6).
  2. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the chromium layer (9) has a layer thickness of more than 12 µm.
  3. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the chromium layer (9) has a layer thickness of between 20 and 60 µm.
  4. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the nickel layer (6) has a layer thickness of between 5 and 20 µm.
  5. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the valve (1) is a bimetal valve, wherein the transition region (5) between the two metals is covered at least by the nickel layer (6).
  6. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the nickel layer (6) covers a greater part of the overall valve (1) than the chromium layer (9) which then only partially covers the nickel layer (6).
  7. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the nickel layer (6) is applied by electroplating.
  8. Valve according to Claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the nickel layer (6) is a semi-bright nickel layer.
  9. Valve according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the chromium layer (9) is a hard chromium layer.
  10. Method for coating an intake or discharge valve (1) for an internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps:
    - electroplating a nickel layer (6) onto the base material of the valve, the region of the valve seat (4) acting as a contact face for the electroplating,
    - applying a chromium layer (9) which acts as the running surface for the valve (1) in the region of the valve stem (2), with a greater layer thickness than the nickel layer (6), and
    - polishing the valve (1) in the region of the valve seat (4) to remove any nickel residues in this region.
EP08843581A 2007-11-02 2008-10-17 Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof Active EP2215334B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007052800A DE102007052800B3 (en) 2007-11-02 2007-11-02 Inlet or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine and method for its production
PCT/EP2008/008792 WO2009056239A1 (en) 2007-11-02 2008-10-17 Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2215334A1 EP2215334A1 (en) 2010-08-11
EP2215334B1 true EP2215334B1 (en) 2011-05-04

Family

ID=40377461

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08843581A Active EP2215334B1 (en) 2007-11-02 2008-10-17 Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2215334B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE508255T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102007052800B3 (en)
DK (1) DK2215334T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009056239A1 (en)

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DE102017007079A1 (en) 2017-07-27 2018-01-25 Daimler Ag Valve stem seal of a reciprocating engine, reciprocating engine and motor vehicle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019129128A1 (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-04-29 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Engine valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502008003457D1 (en) 2011-06-16
DE102007052800B3 (en) 2009-05-07
EP2215334A1 (en) 2010-08-11
WO2009056239A1 (en) 2009-05-07
ATE508255T1 (en) 2011-05-15
DK2215334T3 (en) 2011-07-18

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