EP2215334A1 - Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP2215334A1 EP2215334A1 EP08843581A EP08843581A EP2215334A1 EP 2215334 A1 EP2215334 A1 EP 2215334A1 EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 2215334 A1 EP2215334 A1 EP 2215334A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- layer
- nickel
- chromium
- nickel layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 81
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine comprising a valve disk and a valve stem, wherein the valve stem is provided with a chromium layer forming the running surface of the valve and a method for the production thereof.
- valves are well known from the prior art and described for example in the TRW edition "Large Engine Parts", 1st edition, 1987, p 9 ff.
- the regularly several 10 microns thick and usual way galvanically applied chromium coating of the valve stem forms due to their hardness an excellent sliding layer for the valve while reducing wear.
- the chrome coating of the valve stem provides some corrosion protection for the base material of the valve stem, so that such exhaust valves are used even in the highly corrosive environmental conditions in marine diesel engines.
- a protective jacket made of a metallic base layer and a cover layer made of a ceramic material is applied in the region of the valve head.
- a chromium layer covering a substrate can optionally also be combined with an underlying layer of nickel.
- a base material is coated with a wear-resistant chromium layer, which is underlaid for improved removal of shock loads with a nickel layer.
- an inlet or outlet valve according to claim 1 This is - according to the invention - in addition to the features mentioned above, characterized in that between the base material of the valve stem and the chromium layer, a nickel layer is provided and further that the chromium layer has a greater layer thickness than the underlying nickel layer.
- the valve according to the invention is much better protected against corrosive influences because of the crack-free intermediate nickel layer, wherein the overlying chromium layer with a greater layer thickness serves as an outer running surface for the valve stem. It turns out that in a valve according to the invention, the undesirable effect of premature damage to the chromium coating - even under highly corrosive environmental conditions - no longer occurs, which has a significantly increased life result.
- the damage of the deposited directly on the base material of the valve stem chromium layer is thus not only as a result of friction caused by abrasive wear, but is determined by corrosive influences. This applies in particular to wet corrosion, as may occur, for example, due to salt water, water-containing lubricating oils or sulphurous exhaust gases (in their condensation in the region of the outlet valve).
- chromium is thoroughly resistant to corrosion, even as a result of a Cr 2 O 3 passivation.
- the chromium layer as such is not corrosively attacked despite the usually existing layer thickness of several 10 microns, but it comes to a corrosion of the underlying base material, which then the adhesion of the chromium layer on the base material the valve stem worsens until it peels off.
- Even chromium layers with layer thicknesses of several 10 microns namely have a microporosity with a crack structure that does not reliably exclude corrosive damage to the underlying base material.
- the nickel intermediate layer provided in the context of the invention can counteract this effect, irrespective of its smaller layer thickness compared to the chromium layer, which ultimately results in the desired lifetime extension for the outlet valve.
- a valve according to the invention now - compared to the prior art - thinner chrome layers are used, which must be designed essentially only in terms of expected over the life of the valve abrasive wear.
- the multi-layer coating of the inlet or outlet valve with a nickel-chromium composite layer which is provided according to the invention, also proves to be particularly suitable in view of the fact that the nickel interlayer - particularly under high temperature load - is particularly well suited for the valve steels of the inlet or outlet usually used as the base material Exhaust valves of combustion engines are liable. A possible loss of hardness of the nickel layer at high temperatures, as they occur in the region of the outlet valve is not important, since the running surface exposed to the abrasive wear for the valve stem is formed by the overlying chromium layer.
- the inventively provided chromium layer should preferably have a layer thickness of more than 12 microns, which can be limited to an advantageous layer thickness range of about 20 - 60 microns.
- layer thicknesses in the range of 5-20 ⁇ m prove to be sufficient for the nickel layer in order to achieve the present invention
- the valve of the present invention relates to a bimetallic valve, in which case it must be ensured in an advantageous manner that the transition region between the two metals is at least covered by the nickel layer.
- This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that bimetallic valves in the transition region of the usually friction-welded metal or valve - steel alloys are particularly exposed to harmful corrosion. In the presence of an electrolyte (for example, a salt or acid solution), increased corrosion of the less noble material components of the various alloys occurs at the weld seam and in its vicinity (ie in the transition region of the two materials) by forming a galvanic pair.
- an electrolyte for example, a salt or acid solution
- valves with so-called seat armor so valves made of conventional valve steel, in which the valve seat is armored with a material of higher quality (for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co base alloy). Again, there may be an increase in corrosion in the transition region between armor and the base material of the valve.
- a material of higher quality for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co base alloy.
- the nickel layer can thus in a preferred manner - which is also considered as an independent development of the invention - cover a larger area of the valve, as the only necessary for Gleit sulfuren chromium layer in the shaft region, which then only partially covers the nickel layer. It is advantageous that such a coating can be produced in a particularly simple manner within the scope of the manufacturing method explained below.
- the nickel layer provided according to the invention is advantageously an electroplated nickel layer, with a semi-bright nickel layer preferably being desired in the context of the invention. Alternatively, however, a chemically applied (high-gloss) nickel layer may also be provided.
- the chromium layer is preferably a hard chrome layer, so that sufficient wear protection is ensured.
- both the nickel layer and the chromium layer are preferably pure nickel or chromium layers, ie not corresponding alloys.
- the method according to the invention for producing the above-described valves comprises the following steps: electroplating a nickel layer onto the base material of the valve, the area of the valve seat serving as a contact surface for plating,
- Fig. 1 shows an exhaust valve 1 for an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine, which is formed of two different valve steels as a bimetallic valve. While the valve stem 2 from a comparatively favorable valve steel (eg X45CrSi9.3), the material of the valve cone or valve disk 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A). These were in the transition region 5 in the usual manner, for example by means of friction welding, assembled.
- a comparatively favorable valve steel eg X45CrSi9.3
- the material of the valve cone or valve disk 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A).
- the outlet valve 1 shown in the drawing was first galvanically coated with an approximately 15 ⁇ m thick nickel layer 6, the region of the valve seat 4 advantageously serving as a contact surface for plating and, moreover, only the shank end 7 having a clamping groove 8 remaining uncoated.
- the shaft end 7 is masked during galvanization by means of a rubber cap (not shown).
- the valve stem 2 or the nickel layer 6 already present in this region is coated with a chromium layer 9 forming the running surface of the valve 1, the chromium layer having a layer thickness of 40 ⁇ m being thicker than the nickel layer 6. Both the nickel layer 6 and the chromium layer 9 are shown in Figure 1 in their layer thickness for better illustration oversubscribed.
- the nickel layer 6 covers a larger part of the illustrated outlet valve 1 in comparison to the chromium layer 9. In the present case, even the underside 10 of the valve disk is covered by the nickel layer 6. In particular, however, the nickel layer 6 also covers the transition region 5 of the bimetallic valve shown, so that according to the invention also effective corrosion protection is provided in this region.
- the chrome Layer 9, however, is applied only in the area of the valve stem 2.
- the seating area 4 was finally subjected to a grinding treatment, so that there are no longer any interfering nickel residues on the base material forming the valve seat 4.
- the hard surface covered with hard chrome was ground to size to ensure good sliding properties of the exhaust valve 1.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007052800A DE102007052800B3 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Inlet or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine and method for its production |
PCT/EP2008/008792 WO2009056239A1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-17 | Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2215334A1 true EP2215334A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
EP2215334B1 EP2215334B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
Family
ID=40377461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08843581A Active EP2215334B1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-17 | Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2215334B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE508255T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102007052800B3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2215334T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009056239A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008054266A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | Movable, hot gases exposed closure body of a valve |
CN102965695B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江市华阳机电制造有限公司 | Chromium plating process used for valve rod |
DE102017007079A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2018-01-25 | Daimler Ag | Valve stem seal of a reciprocating engine, reciprocating engine and motor vehicle |
DE102019129128A1 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-29 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Engine valve |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB618607A (en) * | 1946-06-04 | 1949-02-24 | William Thomas Davies | Improvements in or relating to the production of corrosion resistant coatings on poppet valves for internal-combustion engines |
DE2856232A1 (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-17 | Teves Thompson Gmbh | Mushroom valve for exhaust gas turbocharger - has hard metal seat on base covered with corrosion and temp.-resistant layer |
JPS63125875A (en) * | 1986-11-15 | 1988-05-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Electromagnetic fuel injection valve |
US5271823A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-21 | Eaton Corporation | Method of making a trivalent chromium plated engine valve |
EP0679736B1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-03-04 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Improvement of properties of the surface of a titanium alloy engine valve |
US5543029A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-08-06 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Properties of the surface of a titanium alloy engine valve |
US5441024A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-08-15 | Val-Kro, Inc. | Engine valve |
JP3853100B2 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2006-12-06 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Copper alloy with excellent wear resistance |
DE10011154A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Mahle Gmbh | Cylinder head has rotary valve made of austenitic cast iron, and bore housing rotary valve is at least partially coated in region of running surface for rotary valve |
US7011067B2 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2006-03-14 | Trw | Chrome plated engine valve |
US7726121B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2010-06-01 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine part |
-
2007
- 2007-11-02 DE DE102007052800A patent/DE102007052800B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-10-17 WO PCT/EP2008/008792 patent/WO2009056239A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-10-17 DK DK08843581.3T patent/DK2215334T3/en active
- 2008-10-17 EP EP08843581A patent/EP2215334B1/en active Active
- 2008-10-17 AT AT08843581T patent/ATE508255T1/en active
- 2008-10-17 DE DE502008003457T patent/DE502008003457D1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009056239A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2215334T3 (en) | 2011-07-18 |
EP2215334B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
DE102007052800B3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
WO2009056239A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
DE502008003457D1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
ATE508255T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
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