EP3537466B1 - Appareil de commutation de protection électromécanique - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation de protection électromécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3537466B1
EP3537466B1 EP19155514.3A EP19155514A EP3537466B1 EP 3537466 B1 EP3537466 B1 EP 3537466B1 EP 19155514 A EP19155514 A EP 19155514A EP 3537466 B1 EP3537466 B1 EP 3537466B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
switching device
protective switching
main body
damping element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19155514.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3537466A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Mundt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3537466A1 publication Critical patent/EP3537466A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3537466B1 publication Critical patent/EP3537466B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromechanical protective switching device - in particular a residual current circuit breaker - with an insulating housing, an electromechanical tripping relay which is accommodated and held in the housing and has a plunger which is movably mounted between a ready-to-trip position and a tripped position, and a resetting device for resetting the plunger in the ready-to-release position.
  • Electromechanical protective switching devices for example circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers or residual current circuit breakers - are used to monitor and protect an electrical circuit and are used in particular as switching and safety elements in electrical energy supply and distribution networks.
  • the protective switching device is electrically conductively connected to an electrical line of the circuit to be monitored via two or more connection terminals in order to interrupt the electrical current in the respective monitored line if necessary.
  • the protective switching device has a switching contact which can be opened when a predefined state occurs—for example when a short circuit or a fault current is detected—in order to separate the monitored circuit from the electrical mains.
  • Such protective switching devices are also known as modular installation devices in the field of low-voltage technology.
  • protective switching devices suitable for this purpose for example residual current circuit breakers or residual current circuit breakers - are used to detect a so-called residual or residual current in order to protect people from dangers that can arise when live parts of electrical systems are touched.
  • differential currents can occur if, for example, a fault current flows to earth via defective insulation or - in the event of contact - through the human body.
  • the magnitude of the current in a line leading to an electrical consumer for example a phase line
  • This has a ring-shaped magnetic core through which the primary conductors (return electrical lines) are passed.
  • the magnetic core itself is wrapped with a secondary conductor or a secondary winding.
  • the sum of the electric currents flowing to the load is equal to the sum of the electric currents flowing back. If the currents are added vectorially, ie directional or signed, it follows that the signed sum of the electric currents in the outgoing and return lines in the fault-free state is equal to zero: no induction current is induced in the secondary conductor.
  • the sum of the electric currents flowing in or out, which is recorded in the summation current transformer is not equal to zero.
  • the resulting current difference causes a voltage that is proportional to the current difference to be induced at the secondary winding, as a result of which a secondary current flows in the secondary winding.
  • This secondary current serves as a fault current signal and, after a predetermined value has been exceeded, triggers the protective switching device and consequently—by opening a switching contact—to the disconnection of the correspondingly secured circuit.
  • FI circuit breaker short: FI switch
  • DI switch residual current circuit breaker
  • RCD residual current protective device
  • mains-voltage-dependent residual current circuit breakers have control electronics with a trigger that is dependent on an auxiliary or mains voltage to fulfill their function
  • mains-voltage-independent residual current circuit breakers do not need an auxiliary or mains voltage to implement the triggering function, but instead have an electronic control system
  • mains voltage-independent tripping it usually has a slightly larger summation current transformer, with which a larger induction current can be generated in the secondary winding. Since the residual currents determined in this way are usually comparatively small, they also only have a low energy density.
  • the fault current cannot be used directly and immediately to trigger a switching mechanism, as is the case with a circuit breaker, for example, with the help of a magnetic coil and an impact armature in the event of a short-circuit trip.
  • an electromechanical tripping relay is usually used to implement line-voltage-independent residual current tripping.
  • the tripping relay is electrically connected to the summation current transformer via the secondary winding.
  • the tripping relay has only a comparatively low tripping force, which is usually not sufficient for a direct tripping of the switching mechanism in order to open the switching contact immediately when a fault current occurs.
  • the protective switching device has an additional energy store, which the tripping relay acts on when tripping occurs.
  • Such an electromagnetic tripping device is known, for example, from the German patent specification DE19735413B4 previously known.
  • the tripping relay is designed as a precision mechanical assembly, which has a coil and a plunger mounted movably relative thereto in a housing.
  • the plunger can be actuated by a movably mounted armature which, in the rest state, is held in its rest position by a permanent magnet against the force of a release spring.
  • a magnetic field caused by the coil energized with the induction current weakens the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, which reduces its holding force so that it is no longer sufficient to hold the armature against the force of the trigger spring against its pole faces in the rest state.
  • the tripping spring causes the armature, and thus the plunger, to move from its rest position ready for tripping to its tripped position.
  • the precision mechanics of the tripping relay are comparatively vulnerable and sensitive to shocks and/or vibrations. Such shocks, which occur in particular when the plunger is mechanically reset from its released position to its rest position ready for release, can lead to false releases and must therefore be avoided at all costs.
  • the protective switching device In order to return the plunger to its rest position ready for tripping, the protective switching device has a reset element which is mechanically coupled to the switching mechanism and is raised against a spring element when the protective switching device is switched on. After the switching mechanism has been triggered, the restoring element—driven by the spring element—is moved against the plunger, as a result of which the plunger is reset from its triggered position to its rest position. Since the movement of the switching mechanism is highly dynamic, the restoring element also hits the plunger at high speed and pushes it back into its rest position. This highly dynamic reset movement, which is tantamount to hitting the plunger, is undesirable because it can damage the sensitive tripping relay.
  • the highly dynamic movement of the restoring element lead to a change in the geometric arrangement of the components inside the tripping relay - in particular the magnetic air gap - as a result of which the holding force of the tripping relay - and thus the tripping properties of the protective switching device - are changed in an impermissible manner. Since the tripping currents of the protective switching device also change over the service life, up to and including its inoperability, this effect represents a significant risk for the tripping accuracy of the protective switching device and must therefore be avoided at all costs.
  • the protective switching devices should be able to be used or used for ever higher nominal current intensities. All of these developments mean that less and less installation space is available inside the devices.
  • the electromechanical protective switching device which is designed in particular as a residual current circuit breaker, has an insulating housing and an electromechanical tripping relay which is accommodated and held in the insulating housing and in turn has a plunger which is movably mounted between a rest position ready for tripping and a tripped position. Furthermore, the protective switching device has a resetting device for resetting the plunger into the rest position ready for triggering.
  • the restoring device has a base body that is movably mounted in the housing and to which a damping element is attached, which is designed to act on the plunger when the base body moves, in order to return it to the rest position ready for triggering.
  • the damping element is designed to be elastic in such a way that the impulse of the base body acting on the plunger is damped as a result.
  • the tripping relay is used to trip the protective switching device if a fault current occurs.
  • the plunger moves from the rest position ready for release to the released position emotional.
  • the reset device is used to reset the plunger to its original rest position.
  • the damping element acts on the plunger, as a result of which the plunger is moved back into its rest position. Due to the elastically designed damping element, the impulse of the sluggish and comparatively massive base body is not transmitted to the ram. Only the comparatively low mass of the damping element exerts an impulse on the plunger.
  • the risk of damage to the sensitive tripping relay can be significantly reduced by gently returning the plunger to its rest position, which means that consistently high tripping accuracy can also be achieved over the service life of the protective switching device.
  • the base body can be moved between a first position ready for recovery and a second position.
  • the damping element is not firmly clamped to the base body, but rather has a degree of freedom against the movement of the base body into the second position.
  • the plunger When the base body is moved into the second position, the plunger is returned to its rest position. Due to the coupling of the damping element to the base body according to the invention, the damping element can lift off the base body counter to this movement when the base body moves into the second position. This applies at least to the part or section of the damping element that comes into contact with the plunger. Due to this structural design, the damping element moves at a lower speed in the direction of the second position than the base body. Since the damping element is also designed to be spring-elastic, the impulse exerted on the plunger is thereby further damped, as a result of which the risk of damage to the sensitive tripping relay is further reduced.
  • the base body is rotatably mounted in the insulating material housing.
  • the base body can be moved via a spring element supported in the insulating material housing.
  • the spring element represents an energy accumulator which, when the protective switching device is triggered and the switching mechanism is released as a result, provides the force required to move the base body from its first position, which is ready to be reset, into its second position.
  • the insulating housing with a width of only one pitch unit (TE) has a first current path area for accommodating a first primary conductor and a second current path area for accommodating a second primary conductor.
  • the protective switching device has a compact design with a width of only one pitch unit, which corresponds to approx. 18 mm.
  • the two current path areas inside the insulating housing are separated from one another by a housing partition or the like, i.e. arranged separately from one another.
  • the protective switching device is designed as an RCBO combination device which, in addition to the functionality of a residual current circuit breaker, has the functionality of a circuit breaker.
  • the design of the protective switching device as an RCBO combination device follows the fundamental trend of integrating more and more functionality into the switching devices while maintaining a design that is as compact as possible.
  • an electromechanical protective switching device 1 in the design as a mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker is shown schematically in various views. While figure 1 shows a view from below of the protective switching device 1 is in figure 2 a corresponding side view of the protective switching device 1 is shown; figure 3 shows a top view which in turn corresponds to this.
  • the protective switching device 1 according to the invention has an insulating housing 2 with a front side 4, a fastening side 5 opposite the front side 4, and narrow sides 6 and broad sides 7 connecting the front side 4 and the fastening side 5.
  • the insulating material housing 2 has a first current path area 8 and a second current path area 9 which are separated from one another by a housing partition 10 .
  • the housing partition 10 extends from one narrow side 6 to the other narrow side 6 and thus runs essentially parallel to the broad sides 7.
  • the two current path regions 8 and 9 are thus arranged next to one another in a width direction B.
  • a physical first current path 11 runs in the first current path region 8, which extends from one narrow side 6 to the other narrow side 6 and is electrically conductively connected during installation to an electrical first connection conductor—usually the phase conductor P—of the electrical circuit to be monitored.
  • a physical second current path 12 runs in the second current path area 9, which also extends from one narrow side 6 to the other narrow side 6 and is electrically conductively connected during installation to a second electrical connection conductor—usually the neutral conductor N—of the electrical circuit to be monitored .
  • the protective switching device 1 thus has a phase conductor side (P-side), in which the first current path 11 is arranged and which thus corresponds to the first current path area 8, and a neutral conductor side (N-side), which corresponds to the second current path area 9 corresponds and in which the second current path 12 is arranged.
  • P-side phase conductor side
  • N-side neutral conductor side
  • each of the two current path areas 8 and 9 has electrical connection terminals 13—an input terminal assigned to the respective current path area 8 or 9 and an output terminal correspondingly assigned to this current path area 8 or 9.
  • the connection terminals 13 are accommodated and held in the insulating material housing 2 .
  • the connection conductors P and N can be plugged into the associated connection terminal 13 through openings (not shown) formed in the insulating material housing 2 and can be fastened there in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the respective input terminal 13 of the respective current path area 8 or 9 is electrically conductively connected to the respective output terminal 13 of this current path area 8 or 9 via the two current paths 11 or 12 .
  • the mains voltage-independent residual current protective switching device 1 On its front side 4, the mains voltage-independent residual current protective switching device 1 according to the invention also has an actuating element 3 for manual operation of the protective switching device 1 on.
  • the actuating element 3 is coupled inside the insulating housing 2 via a switching mechanism of the protective switching device 1 with one or more switching contacts 15 in such a way that these can be opened and closed manually by means of the actuating element 3 .
  • the protective switching device 1 can be fastened to a snap-in or top-hat rail via the fastening side 5 opposite the front side 4 .
  • Such snap-in or top-hat rails are used as standard in electrical installation distribution boards for fastening series installation devices.
  • the insulating housing 2 has a width of only one pitch unit (1TE, corresponds to approximately 18 mm).
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show schematic detailed representations of the open protective switching device 1 in different operating states. These representations each show a side view of the broad side of the neutral conductor 7 of the protective switching device 1, with a front housing cover of the insulating housing 2 having been removed in each case in order to enable a glimpse into the interior of the protective switching device 1 in this way.
  • the protective switching device 1 has an electromechanical tripping relay 20 on its neutral conductor side, which is accommodated and held in the insulating housing 2 .
  • the tripping relay 20 for its part, has a plunger 21, which is movably mounted between a rest position ready for tripping and a tripped position and, when a fault current is present at the residual current circuit breaker and its detection via a summation current transformer (not shown), actuates a tripping lever, thereby releasing a latch and as a result, the opening of the switching contacts 15 is initiated.
  • the plunger 21 is not automatically pulled back into the triggering relay 20 from its triggered position into its rest position ready for triggering, but has to be pushed back into the triggering relay 20 from the outside.
  • the protective switching device 1 has a resetting device 30, which is used to reset the plunger 21 from the tripped position back into its rest position ready for tripping.
  • the restoring device 30 in turn has a base body 31 which is mounted in the insulating material housing 2 so that it can rotate between a first position ready for restoring and a second position.
  • the restoring device 30 also has a spring element 33, the first end 33-1 of which acts eccentrically on the base body 31, and the second end 33-2 of which acts on a spring element formed on the insulating material housing 2 Holding element 14 is fixed.
  • the reset device 30 When the protective switching device 1 is switched on, the reset device 30 is first pulled up by the switching mechanism against the spring force of the spring element 33 and remains in this raised, reset-ready first position until the protective switching device 1 is triggered and its switching mechanism is triggered. As a result of this triggering, on the one hand the switching contacts 15 are opened and on the other hand the resetting device 30 is no longer held in the first position. Instead, the base body 31 moves at high speed towards the tripping relay 20 within a few milliseconds and pushes the plunger 21 back into its starting position, i.e. into its rest position.
  • the highly dynamic movement of the base body 31 in the direction of the plunger 21 is not unproblematic, since it is equivalent to a hit or impact on the plunger 21, which results in the armature (not shown) of the tripping relay 20 coupled to the plunger 21 at the end of the contact movement of the plunger 21 would hit the pole faces of the magnet legs (not shown) of the triggering relay 20 with its pole faces. Because of the high speed and the relatively large, inertial mass of the base body 31, there is a risk that the pole faces could be damaged and the magnetic air gap could be changed, thereby reducing the holding force—and thus the tripping properties of the tripping relay 20 - would change. In order to avoid these consequences, the restoring device 30 has an elastic damping element 32 which is intended to act on the plunger 21 when the base body 31 moves into the second position in such a way that the latter is gently returned to its rest position ready for triggering.
  • FIG 4 a first state is shown for this purpose, in which the base body 31 is twisted counterclockwise against the force of the spring element 33 and is in the first position ready for reset.
  • the spring element 33 serves as a tension spring, against the tensile force of which the reset device 30 is pulled up via its switching mechanism when the protective switching device 1 is switched on and is fixed in this state - which is also referred to as the "ready-to-trip state" or "loaded state” of the reset device 30.
  • figure 5 shows a second state of the protective switching device 1 immediately after the plunger 21 has been returned to its rest position by the damping element 32.
  • the base body 31 of the restoring device 30 has not yet reached its end position of the restoring movement, ie its second position.
  • the plunger 21 on the other hand, has already been completely returned to its rest position ready for triggering by the damping element 32 , with the damping element 32 still being in contact with the plunger 21 .
  • This state in which the plunger 21 is already in its rest position and the damping element 32 is still in contact with the end of the plunger 21, is also referred to as the “applied state”.
  • figure 6 shows a third state of the triggering relay 20 and the reset device 30 immediately after the in figure 5 state shown: the damping element 32 is still in contact with the plunger 21, which has been returned to its rest position, but the base body 31 has now reached its second position, into which it can be moved after the protective switching device 1 has been triggered and the associated loosening of the fixing of the Restoring device 30 was accelerated by the spring force applied via the spring element 33 .
  • the impulse required to return the plunger 21 to its rest position ready for triggering is not transmitted directly from the base body 31 but indirectly via the damping element 32 to the plunger 21 . Since the damping element 32 is elastic, the momentum of the base body 31 acting on the plunger 21 during the movement of the base body 31 into the second position is thereby damped.
  • the damping element 32 is not only elastic, but also has a degree of freedom relative to the base body 31 against its movement into the second position, i.e. the damping element 32 is not firmly clamped to the base body 31, but mechanically coupled to the base body 31 in such a way that the free end of the damping element 32, which serves to reset the plunger 21, can lift relative to the movement of the base body 31 in its second position.
  • This moment of lifting of the free end of the damping element 32 from the base body 31 against its direction of movement into the second position is in figure 6 shown: the position of the free end of the damping element 32 corresponds to that in figure 5 position shown, but the base body 31 has now reached its second position.
  • the movement of the base body 31 into its second position is stopped by the housing of the tripping relay 20 .
  • the inertial mass of the base body 31 thus meets at the end of the movement in the second position not on the plunger 21, but on the housing of the trigger relay 20, whereby the risk of damage to the sensitive components of the trigger relay 20 is significantly reduced.
  • no rigid base body 31 acts on the plunger 21 to reset it.
  • a damping element 32 is provided for this purpose, which is coupled to the base body 31 in such a way that the free end of the damping element 32 can release from the base body 31 when it moves into the second position.
  • the inertial mass of the base body 31 does not strike the plunger 21.
  • the base body 31 moves further into its second position until it finally hits a suitable stop - for example the housing of the triggering relay 20 or a contour fixed to the housing - which triggers the pulse of the base body 31 receives.
  • the pole faces of the magnet legs are not additionally loaded by the inertial mass of the base body 31, since only the small inertial mass of the damping element 32 strikes the pole faces via the plunger 21.
  • the dynamic load on the pole faces of the magnet legs is thereby minimized without reducing the static force component that is required for a reliable reset process.
  • the cushioned return function was divided into two separate springs: the relatively strong tension spring 33 provides the force required to reset the plunger 21, while the damping element 32, designed as a torsion spring, reduces the dynamic load - i.e. the impact or impact that is exerted on the plunger 21 hits the pole faces of the magnet legs.
  • This division allows the plunger 21 to be returned in a damped manner to its rest position ready for tripping, particularly in compact switching devices with a housing width of only one division unit.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Appareil de commutation de protection électromécanique (1), en particulier disjoncteur différentiel, comportant
    - un boîtier en matière isolante (2),
    - un relais de déclenchement électromécanique (20) qui est logé et maintenu dans le boîtier en matière isolante (2) et présente un poussoir (21) qui est monté de manière mobile entre une position de repos prête au déclenchement et une position déclenchée,
    - un dispositif de rappel (30) pour ramener le poussoir (21) dans la position prête au déclenchement,
    dans lequel
    le dispositif de rappel (30) présente un corps de base (31) qui est monté de manière mobile dans le boîtier en matière isolante (2) et auquel est fixé un élément amortisseur (32) qui est conçu pour agir sur le poussoir (21) lorsque le corps de base (31) se déplace, pour le ramener dans la position prête au déclenchement, dans lequel l'élément amortisseur (32) est réalisé de manière élastique de sorte que l'impulsion du corps de base (31) agissant sur le poussoir (21) est amorti en conséquence,
    - et dans lequel
    le corps de base (31) peut être déplacé entre une première position prête à la réinitialisation et une seconde position, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'élément amortisseur (32) n'est pas serré fixement sur le corps de base (31), mais présente un certain degré de liberté à l'encontre du déplacement dans la seconde position, de sorte qu'une extrémité libre de l'élément amortisseur (32), qui sert au rappel du poussoir (21), peut se soulever par rapport au corps de base (31) en s'opposant à un déplacement de celui-ci dans sa seconde position.
  2. Appareil de commutation de protection (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de base (31) est monté en rotation dans le boîtier en matière isolante (2).
  3. Appareil de commutation de protection (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de base (31) peut être déplacé par l'intermédiaire d'un élément à ressort (33) supporté dans le boîtier en matière isolante (2).
  4. Appareil de commutation de protection (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le boîtier en matière isolante (2) présente, pour une largeur de seulement une unité de division (TE), une première zone de trajet de courant (8) pour recevoir un premier conducteur primaire (P) et une seconde zone de trajet de courant (9) pour recevoir un second conducteur primaire (N).
  5. Appareil de commutation de protection (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil de commutation de protection (1) est réalisé comme un appareil combiné RCBO qui, en plus de la fonctionnalité d'un disjoncteur différentiel, présente la fonctionnalité d'un disjoncteur de ligne.
EP19155514.3A 2018-03-08 2019-02-05 Appareil de commutation de protection électromécanique Active EP3537466B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018203521.0A DE102018203521A1 (de) 2018-03-08 2018-03-08 Elektromechanisches Schutzschaltgerät

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3537466A1 EP3537466A1 (fr) 2019-09-11
EP3537466B1 true EP3537466B1 (fr) 2022-06-01

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EP19155514.3A Active EP3537466B1 (fr) 2018-03-08 2019-02-05 Appareil de commutation de protection électromécanique

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EP (1) EP3537466B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018203521A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114420477B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2024-04-05 深圳市泰永电气科技有限公司 旋转机构、切换开关装置及自动转换开关电器

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19735413B4 (de) * 1997-08-14 2007-11-29 Siemens Ag Auslösevorrichtung für einen Schutzschalter
DE102014208564A1 (de) * 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät mit zwei Auslösemechaniken mit unterschiedlichen Hebelverhältnissen

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DE102018203521A1 (de) 2019-09-12
EP3537466A1 (fr) 2019-09-11

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