EP1949399A1 - Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction

Info

Publication number
EP1949399A1
EP1949399A1 EP05806784A EP05806784A EP1949399A1 EP 1949399 A1 EP1949399 A1 EP 1949399A1 EP 05806784 A EP05806784 A EP 05806784A EP 05806784 A EP05806784 A EP 05806784A EP 1949399 A1 EP1949399 A1 EP 1949399A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
electrical switching
contact point
influence
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05806784A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Patrick Claeys
Joachim Becker
Ralf Weber
Richard Kommert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB AG Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB AG Germany filed Critical ABB AG Germany
Publication of EP1949399A1 publication Critical patent/EP1949399A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/127—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive trip units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H55/00—Magnetostrictive relays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/12—Shape memory
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/034—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H using magnetic shape memory [MSM] also an austenite-martensite transformation, but then magnetically controlled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/145—Electrothermal mechanisms using shape memory materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching device having at least one contact point, which is opened by means of an actuator directly or via a switch lock with a Verklinkungsstelle, wherein actuator opens the Verklinkungsstelle and / or the contact point.
  • a switching mechanism which has a Verklinkungsstelle, on the one hand by a thermal release, such as a bimetallic strip or a strip of a shape memory alloy is unlatched, so that the contact point is opened; the thermal release triggers when an overcurrent occurs.
  • a thermal release such as a bimetallic strip or a strip of a shape memory alloy is unlatched, so that the contact point is opened; the thermal release triggers when an overcurrent occurs.
  • an electromagnetic release is further provided which has a coil, a magnetic yoke, a magnetic core and an armature; If necessary, the armature strikes the contact lever of the circuit breaker via a spindle or rod and actuates the latching point via a coupling designed as a slide so that the contact lever is held in the open position after the contact lever has been opened by the armature because the latching point is unlatched.
  • Miniature circuit breakers have to fulfill their task under load or when a short-circuit current occurs.
  • the contact point is replaced by a double contact point, wherein two fixed contact pieces are provided, which are bridged by a contact bridge.
  • the contact bridge is spent by the electromagnetic release in the open position and simultaneously solved the Verklinkungsstelle; due to an overcurrent will be like the circuit breaker exploited the deflection of a thermal release to open the Verklinkungsstelle.
  • Residual current circuit breakers have the task of opening a contact point when a fault current occurs. Since the feeder current is generally in the milli-ampere range, an electromagnetic release, as intended for a circuit breaker, at least in a mains voltage-independent release can not be used.
  • the detection of a fault current via a residual current transformer, wherein the lines form the primary winding.
  • the converter is associated with a secondary winding which is connected to an electromagnetic trigger.
  • a trigger usually has a U-shaped yoke, the leg ends are covered by a hinged armature, which is acted upon by a spring permanently in the Ausschalttraum.
  • the yoke is associated with a permanent magnet which generates a permanent magnet flux in the yoke, by which the armature is held in the closed position, that is, in a position in which the armature rests on the Jochschenkelenden.
  • a coil associated with the yoke which surrounds one of the yoke legs or the web, the voltage originating from the secondary winding of the converter is converted into a magnetic flux, which is directed opposite to the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet.
  • the force of attraction on the armature is reduced and the armature is moved by the spring into the open position, whereby a latching mechanism is unlocked via a pin coupled to the armature so that the switching contacts of the residual current circuit breaker are brought into open position.
  • the problem with such a trigger may be that an opening of the hinged armature is sometimes not possible, because on the yoke, from which the armature is withdrawn, due to environmental influences and other influences, a bonding process is possible, so that a residual current circuit breaker even when they occur of a fault current does not trip. Due to the sensitivity of such a trigger, it is also necessary to use this in a housing which must be sealed from the environment.
  • test button simulates a fault current that causes a tripping current in the secondary winding and in the Magnetic release associated coil is generated, so that the residual current circuit breaker is turned off.
  • a so-called magnetic trigger can also be used.
  • a yoke is present, which has a comparatively narrow portion in which, when a fault current occurs, the material reaches saturation, so that the armature can be pulled off the yoke by means of a spring.
  • contactors Electrical switching devices that only switch on and off are referred to as contactors, which usually iron a U- or E-shaped magnetic core, which is associated with an anchor, wherein the yoke is associated with a winding that attracts the armature when passing an electric current or a dropping de anchor generated, whereby a contact point can be opened or closed.
  • contactors double contact points are provided, which are each bridged by a contact bridge.
  • a trigger for a residual current circuit breaker is neither suitable for a contactor nor for a circuit breaker; conversely, an electromagnetic trip device, which may be housed in a circuit breaker, at least suitable for a residual current circuit breaker, when the trigger is to address mains voltage independent.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a trigger that can be used for all types of such switching devices, the basic design should be the same and adjustments can be made only on the current.
  • the actuator comprises an element of a predetermined length consisting of a shape memory alloy that changes its length under the influence of an electromagnetic field.
  • the element may be located in direct proximity to an electromagnetic field generating device, so that this field affects the element.
  • the device may be a coil which surrounds the element formed as an elongate spindle.
  • Such shape memory alloys are known from WO 98/08261, see p. 2 - 5, end of the second paragraph. It is also indicated at which electric field strength the material responds; about applications is initially not stated.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a residual current circuit breaker
  • Fig. 5 is a remote drive for an electrical switching device
  • FIG. 6 shows a remote drive according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1 a switching device 1 is schematically shown with a housing 2, an electromagnetic release 20 and a switching mechanism 36 in the untripped condition.
  • Fig. 2 the switching device of FIG. 1 is shown in the tripped state, wherein the same or similar-acting assemblies or parts are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the contact point 4 is closed.
  • a yoke 40 is connected via an oh-renförmigem intermediate piece 42.
  • thermal release acts on occurrence of an overcurrent to the rear derailleur, so that this then permanently opens the contact point.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 20 includes the trip coil 22 and a trip arm 24, which is here bar-shaped and arranged inside the trip coil 22 so that the coil longitudinal axis and the trip anchor longitudinal axis coincide.
  • the trigger armature 24 is held in a trigger armature bearing 28 connected to the housing 2.
  • free end 24 "of the trigger armature 24 is in operative connection with a plunger 26.
  • the operative connection is shown here as a positive connection, but alternatively, non-positive or cohesive connections can be realized.
  • the tripping armature 24 has a notch 25 into which engages a tripping lever 30 mounted in a tripping lever bearing 32, for example with a fork located at its first free end 30.
  • the second free end 30" of the tripping lever 30 engages in a recess 35 in a slide 34, which is in operative connection with the rear derailleur 36 via a line of action 38.
  • the trigger anchor 24 is made of a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy based on nickel, manganese and gallium. Such ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are known in principle and available, they are for example from the Finnish company AdaptaMat Ltd. manufactured and sold.
  • a typical composition of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys for use in switching devices according to the invention is given by the structural formula Ni ⁇ s-x- y Mn 20+ ⁇ Ga i 5 + y , where x is between 3 atomic percent and 15 atomic percent and y is between 3 atomic percent and 12 atomic percent ,
  • the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy used herein has the property that in its martensitic phase, that is, the phase occupying the material below the thermal transition temperature, a transition occurs between two crystal structure variants of a twin crystal structure under the action of an external magnetic field on a microscopic scale is associated macroscopically with a change in shape.
  • the change in shape is in a linear strain in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the beam.
  • the thermal transition temperature in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys used here is in the range of room temperature and can be adjusted by varying the atomic percentages x and y within a bandwidth.
  • the working temperature range within which the electromagnetic actuator operates within a range by selecting the material composition is adjustable.
  • the trip armature 24 expands due to the effect described above, and as a result, the plunger 26, the movable contact piece 6 away from the fixed contact 8, so that the contact point 4 is opened and triggered the switching device is as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the expansion of the ferromagnetic shape memory material happens very quickly and almost without delay.
  • the delay time as the time difference between the occurrence of the short-circuit current and the maximum length of the trip armature 24 is typically on the order of one millisecond.
  • the triggering is supported here by the release lever 30, which rotates in the extension of the trigger armature 24 in a clockwise direction about the trigger lever bearing 32 while the slider 34 in its longitudinal direction, indicated by the direction arrow S, shifts, so that the slide 34 on the Wirkline 38 the rear derailleur 36 is actuated.
  • the current path is interrupted and the magnetic field of the tripping coil 22 breaks down again.
  • the trigger armature 24 will contract again to its original dimensions, whereby the trigger lever 30 is moved back to the starting position, as shown in Fig. 1, back.
  • the contact point 4 is now kept in the open position by operating lines, not shown here, by the switching mechanism 36.
  • Fig. 3 shows a residual current circuit breaker, in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 13 A schematic representation of this arrangement is shown in FIG. 13.
  • a transducer core 60 primary conductors 61 and 62 are passed, which contact points 63 and 64 have.
  • a secondary winding 65 Arranged around the transducer core 60 is a secondary winding 65, which is connected to a coil 66 in which a plunger 67 made of a material having a magnetic, but possibly also a magnetic and thermal shape memory effect, is penetrated.
  • This plunger 67 acts according to the direction of arrow P1 on a switching mechanism 68 and after unlatching the switching mechanism corresponding to the direction of the arrow P2 acts on the contact points 63, 64.
  • the plunger 67 in Figure 1 has the reference numeral 24.
  • Fig. 4 shows a contactor or parts of a contactor 70 with two spaced apart, arranged on contact carriers 71 and 72 fixed contact pieces 73 and 74, which are bridged by a contact bridge 75, are mounted on the movable contact pieces 76, 77.
  • Fig. 4 shows the contactor 70 in the on state, when the contact pieces 73, 76; 74, 77 touch.
  • a plunger 78 made of a material having a magnetic shape memory effect, which is designed as a longitudinally extending plunger whose one end is connected via a contact current spring 79 to the contact bridge 75 and whose other end is mounted in a bearing 80 which is mounted in a housing. is held stationary.
  • the plunger 78 is surrounded by a solenoid system 81.
  • the switch deforms the material of the plunger with the electromagnetic shape memory effect;
  • the plunger 78 is arranged so that the contact points 73/76; Due to a control current, the plunger will expand due to the magnetic shape memory effect due to the magnetic field generated by the coil 81, and close the contact points, the contact pressure spring 79 is pressed slightly together when switched on in the usual way.
  • a ram 82 of magnetic shape memory material is surrounded by a coil 83, the coil 83 being energized via access lines 84 and 85 via a high pass formed by a capacitor 86 and a resistor 87.
  • the plunger 82 expands due to the magnetic field, it actuates a contact lever 88 and opens a contact 91 formed from a movable contact lever 88 and a fixed contact 90.
  • Fig. 6 shows an insight into a circuit breaker, with only the significant parts of the invention are shown.
  • the circuit breaker has a total of the reference numeral 92 with a front front surface 93, from which the switching handle 94 protrudes at 95 rotatably mounted switch knob 96.
  • the switching handle 94 is formed on a rotatable hub 97.
  • Mounted at hub 97 at 98 is a plunger 99 which is coupled to an elongated member 100 of magnetic shape memory material.
  • the element 100 is surrounded by a coil 101, and when current flows, the length of the element 100 changes, so that the plunger 99, the hub 97 and thus the switching handle 94 is actuated. Since in a circuit breaker usually the switching handle is linked and connected to the switching mechanism, the switching device is switched on in this way via the element 100 with the plunger 99.

Landscapes

  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de commutation électrique qui présente au moins un emplacement de contact et au moins un entraînement qui ouvre l'emplacement de contact directement et/ou par l'intermédiaire d'un fermoir de commutation doté d'un emplacement d'encliquetage, l'entraînement présentant un élément de forme prédéterminée constitué d'un alliage à mémoire de forme dont la forme se modifie sous l'influence d'un champ électromagnétique pour ainsi ouvrir ou fermer un emplacement de contact ou un emplacement de contact double, ou désencliqueter un fermoir de commutation.
EP05806784A 2005-11-15 2005-11-15 Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction Withdrawn EP1949399A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/012219 WO2007057030A1 (fr) 2005-11-15 2005-11-15 Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1949399A1 true EP1949399A1 (fr) 2008-07-30

Family

ID=36591368

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05806784A Withdrawn EP1949399A1 (fr) 2005-11-15 2005-11-15 Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080284547A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1949399A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101390180A (fr)
CA (1) CA2624387A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007057030A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009135500A1 (fr) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation
DE102010010801B4 (de) * 2010-03-09 2013-02-21 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Aktuator
DE102010014280B4 (de) 2010-04-08 2021-11-25 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Überstrom-Schaltvorrichtung
IES20110389A2 (en) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-13 Atreus Entpr Ltd Leakage current detector
US10943295B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2021-03-09 Progrexion IP, Inc. Credit repair by analysis of trade line properties
EP3444830B1 (fr) * 2017-08-14 2024-04-03 ABB Schweiz AG Kit de système de verrouillage mécanique pour un contacteur de moyenne tension
CN110403240B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2024-05-14 深圳御烟实业有限公司 气溶胶生成制品
CN117588112A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2024-02-23 先讯美资电子有限责任公司 具有可垂直释放的3球式离合器的安全标签
CN113257639B (zh) * 2020-02-12 2023-06-27 华为技术有限公司 一种断路器和配电盒
CN113198594B (zh) * 2021-03-24 2023-05-02 金玲玲 一种办公碎纸机卡纸用电路保护机构
DE102022111392A1 (de) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Hybridschutzschaltervorrichtung, Hybridschütz und Verfahren

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB638462A (en) * 1948-02-12 1950-06-07 Ericsson Telephones Ltd Improvements in magnetically operated devices
US2896044A (en) * 1957-10-01 1959-07-21 Gen Telephone Lab Inc Magnetostrictive relay
US3486152A (en) * 1967-08-21 1969-12-23 W M Chase Co Circuit breaker using magnetostrictive thermostatic flexure element
DE19632347A1 (de) * 1996-08-10 1998-02-12 Kaco Elektrotechnik Gmbh Schalter, insbesondere Relais
EP0958618B1 (fr) * 1996-08-19 2004-05-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Materiaux d'actionneur a haute contrainte commandes par champ magnetique
FI982407A0 (fi) * 1998-03-03 1998-11-06 Adaptamat Tech Oy Toimielimet ja laitteet

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2007057030A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007057030A1 (fr) 2007-05-24
US20080284547A1 (en) 2008-11-20
CN101390180A (zh) 2009-03-18
CA2624387A1 (fr) 2007-05-24

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