EP3533574B1 - Method and device for producing concrete elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a system and a method for producing concrete elements, in particular for producing double-walled precast concrete parts. A turning device is often used to produce double-walled precast concrete parts. To manufacture the double wall, it is usually First, the upper concrete element, the so-called upper shell, is concreted on a pallet in an area delimited by formwork elements. The crossbeam of the turning device picks up and locks the pallet with the hardened upper shell.

After locking, the first concrete element is secured on the pallet so that it does not fall off the pallet during the turning process.

The traverse rotates the pallet with the hardened upper shell by 180 ° and lowers it into a freshly concreted lower shell.

From the EP 2 193 901 B1 a turning device is known with which the first concrete element can be secured before pivoting on the pallet. To secure the component on the pallet, this turning device has a holding device with a pivotably mounted clamping arm, which can be moved between a holding position and a release position. The tensioning arm can be pushed into the holding position by means of a cross-member, in which the tensioning arm can be tensioned with the concrete part via an inflatable hose.

Of the EP-A2-2 397 294 discloses a plant for the production of concrete elements according to the preamble of claim 1. Der DE-A1-1 962 529 discloses a method for manufacturing concrete elements with the steps according to the preamble of claim 10.

Out FR 2 562 465 A1 , DE 195 46 886 A1 and WO 2018/171893 A1 Further systems for the production of concrete elements are known in which the concrete elements can be fixed within a formwork.

Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and a method with which concrete elements can be produced even more effectively.

This object is achieved by a system according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 10. A system for producing, for example double-walled, concrete elements essentially has at least one pallet, a plurality of formwork elements which can be detachably fixed on the at least one pallet, and at least one holding device for securing a concrete element on the at least one pallet. The formwork elements each have at least one formwork surface section which defines a side wall section of the concrete element to be produced. In particular, the formwork elements are arranged on the pallet in such a way that their formwork surface sections, together with the pallet, form an upwardly open space which, as a casting mold, defines the contour of the concrete element to be produced.

According to the invention, the at least one holding device is provided with at least one actuator and at least one fastening element which is integrated in one of the formwork elements. In other words, the at least one fastening element and also the at least one actuator can essentially be housed in the respective formwork element. In this case, the at least one fastening element is actuated by the at least one actuator from a release position that does not protrude beyond the formwork surface section into one above the formwork surface section protruding stop position movable. With regard to the fastening element, a distinction is therefore made between two states, namely the release position in which the fastening element is essentially inside the formwork element and the holding position in which the fastening element protrudes at least partially from the respective formwork element.

This configuration enables a concrete element to be fastened on the pallet by moving the fastener into the holding position. Conversely, the concrete element can be separated from the pallet when the fastener is in its release position. In other words, with fastening elements integrated in the formwork elements, it is possible to clamp a concrete element very quickly on a pallet or to quickly release the locking. In addition, the effort for assembly and operation with a fastening element integrated into the formwork element is comparatively low compared to conventional solutions, and the installation space outside the formwork elements is not required due to the locking of the concrete element on the pallet. This space can thus be used to implement other functions, for example to brace reinforcement elements. Since there is no need to handle the relatively heavy clamping arms, the workload in the systems is reduced and occupational safety is increased.

In known turning devices, hardened concrete elements are usually fixed on the pallet. This is also possible with the configuration of the system according to the invention, in that the fastening element either engages behind a hardened concrete element and / or engages in a recess in the concrete element. In addition, the configuration of the system according to the invention also offers the possibility of transferring the fastening element into the holding position before or while the concrete element is being poured. The fastening element is thus cast into the concrete, which leads to a positive connection of the concrete element with the fastening element and thus with the formwork elements and the pallet on which the formwork element is fastened. In contrast to known turning devices, the fastening element can thus be brought into the holding position at different times during the manufacturing process of the concrete element.

In principle, it is sufficient according to the invention if the fastening element can be brought from the release position into the holding position by means of the actuator. The fastening element can then be transferred from the holding position into the release position, for example by gravity. For some applications, however, it is preferred if the at least one fastening element, actuated by the at least one actuator, can be moved from the holding position into the release position.

In order to prevent the concrete element from adhering to the fastening element, which could lead to the fastening element being blocked, the at least one fastening element can be provided with a cap which can be detached from the fastening element and which extends from the fastening element from a release position which does not protrude beyond the formwork surface section to a position in which the fastening element protrudes the formwork surface section projecting stop position is movable. Such a cap, which can be made of plastic, for example, preferably envelops the fastening element at least in regions and can dip laterally into the concrete or the finished concrete element and remain there. In other words, the cap acts like a lost dowel to anchor the fastener in the concrete. The fastener is protected from contamination in this way and is easy to operate.

According to one embodiment, the at least one fastening element can be a pawl which is displaceably mounted, in particular rigid, in a formwork element, for example a cylindrical or conical bolt, a threaded rod or the like. As an alternative to this, the at least one fastening element can have an elastically deformable sleeve, which can be deformed from a release position not protruding beyond the formwork surface section into a holding position protruding beyond the formwork surface section. Other alternative embodiments include, for example, from the release position in the holding position tiltable or pivotable fastener.

According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one actuator can have a chamber which can be acted upon by a fluid and which is connected directly or by means of a piston arrangement to the fastening element. For example, it is possible for a pawl or the like to be extended and retracted by a pressurized fluid. The switchover between extension and retraction movements can be controlled, for example, by operating a valve. For this purpose, the chamber can be assigned a source of pressurized fluid which can be connected to the chamber via a valve arrangement.

Alternatively, the at least one actuator can have a chamber to which a fluid can be applied, which is delimited at least in regions by the elastically deformable sleeve or at least in regions by an elastically deformable element arranged in the elastically deformable sleeve. For example, it is possible for the fastening element to consist of an outer elastic covering element, similar to a bicycle tire, that is fixedly mounted in the formwork element and, when pressurized, presses against or engages in the concrete element. This creates a non-positive connection between the outer elastic envelope element and the concrete element. Inside the envelope element there can be a hose that is pressurized, similar to a bicycle tube, that expands when pressure is applied and presses the envelope element against the concrete element.

As a further alternative, a pawl or the like forming the fastening element can have a toothed rack or can be connected to a toothed rack, the at least one actuator being a rotationally driven pinion can have, which is in engagement with the rack. An actuation of the pinion then causes a translational movement of the rack and the pawl connected to it. In addition to a pressurized medium or an electric motor, a spring and / or an (electro) magnet are further examples of a bistable actuator that can be used in the system according to the invention.

Plants for the production of concrete elements are operated automatically to an ever increasing extent. It is therefore advantageous if a control for actuating the at least one actuator is assigned to the at least one actuator. The controller actuates the actuator preferably as a function of a signal generated manually, by cable, by radio and / or by a sensor. Suitable sensors for actuating the actuator are an inclination switch, an acceleration sensor or the like.

The above-mentioned object is further achieved with a method for producing, for example double-walled, concrete elements, in particular in a recirculating method, with the following steps: provision of a pallet, subsequent application of formwork elements to the pallet, at least one of the formwork elements being an actuator from one does not have a release position protruding beyond a formwork surface section into a fastening element which can be moved beyond the formwork surface section, subsequent extension of the at least one fastening element from the release position into the holding position, subsequent filling of concrete into the space defined by the pallet and the formwork elements, subsequent turning of the pallet the hardening of the concrete, and then withdrawing the at least one fastening element from the holding position into the release position.

The method is based on the idea that the fastening element can be poured into the concrete of the concrete element to be produced if the fastening element is already in its holding position during the pouring of the concrete. This enables a particularly good connection with the formwork elements and the pallet, without the need for complex work steps after curing.

The production of double-walled concrete elements in the circulation process can include further steps, for example cleaning formwork elements and the pallet, plotting the positions to which the formwork elements are to be placed, for example robot-controlled, installing reinforcements, transport between individual stations and the like.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing. All of the features described and / or depicted form the subject matter of the invention independently of their summary in the claims or their references.

Fig. 1

eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonelementen,

Fig. 2

in Schnittansicht ein Schalungselement nach einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 3

in Schnittansicht ein Schalungselement nach einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 4

in Schnittansicht ein Detail aus Fig. 3, und

Fig. 5

in Schnittansicht ein Schalungselement nach einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

They show schematically:

Fig. 1

2 shows a sectional view of a device according to the invention for producing concrete elements,

Fig. 2

a sectional view of a formwork element according to a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 3

a sectional view of a formwork element according to a second embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 4

a detail in sectional view Fig. 3 , and

Fig. 5

a sectional view of a formwork element according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of part of a plant for the production of concrete elements in the pallet circulation process, in particular for the production of double-walled concrete elements. In the embodiment of the Figure 1 a formwork element 2 is arranged on a pallet 1 and is detachably fastened to the pallet 1 by a holder 3, for example magnetically. Furthermore, a fastening element 4 is shown, which can be actuated via a bistable actuator 5, to which a trigger 6 and an energy store 7 are assigned.

How out Figure 1 it can be seen that the fastening element 4, the actuator 5, the trigger 6 and the energy store 7 are at least partially arranged within the formwork element 2 and integrated therein. Figure 1 shows a state in which the fastening element 4 is in its holding position, in which the fastening element 4 protrudes at least in regions from the formwork element 2 and engages in the schematically indicated concrete element 8.

The holding position is defined in this context in such a way that the fastening element 4 protrudes towards the concrete element 8 via a formwork surface section 9 of the formwork element 2. The formwork surface section 9 is an outer surface of the formwork element 2 lying against the concrete element 8 Figure 1 Not shown release position, the fastening element 4 is retracted so far into the formwork element 2 that the fastening element 4 does not protrude, or at least not significantly, beyond the formwork surface section 9 of the formwork element 2 in the direction of the concrete element 8.

To actuate the fastening element 4, it is connected directly or indirectly to the actuator 5 in a suitable manner. The actuator 5 can either be used exclusively for extending the fastening element 4 from the release position into the holding position or can additionally also retract the fastening element 4 from the holding position into the release position.

The in Figure 1 The trigger 6 shown can have a controller in order to actuate the actuator 5 as a function of a signal. For this purpose, energy stored in the energy store 7 can be released. The trigger 6 or the control can be provided with switches or sensors in order to actuate the actuator 5 automatically. For example, the actuator 5 can extend the fastening element 4 into the holding position as soon as the formwork element 2 is fastened on the pallet 1 by means of the holder 3. The placement of the formwork element 2 on the pallet 1 and the triggering of the holder 3 can be detected, for example, by means of an inclination switch and / or an acceleration sensor. Conversely, the actuator 5 can be actuated in order to transfer the fastening element 4 from the holding position into the release position when the tilt switch tilts the pallet 1 by, for example, 180 ° and / or by means of the acceleration sensor, a specific acceleration value which is detected when shaking the upper shell, ie during compaction.

In the embodiment of the Figure 2 is the fastening element 4 designed as a pawl, which is guided in the formwork element 2, for example approximately parallel to the pallet 1, slidably. In this embodiment, the energy store 7 is designed as a chamber with pressurized fluid or a fluid source, which can be connected to a cylinder via a valve unit, for example integrated into the trigger 6, around a piston of the fastening element 4 or to actuate a piston connected to it. The valve unit can be designed in such a way that the fastening element 4 can be actively retracted into the release position. The jack is on the in Figure 2 lower side designed beveled, so that the connection to the concrete element 8 (not shown) can be released after the turning process by the force of gravity acting on the concrete element if no pressure is exerted on the piston connected to the pawl.

In Figure 3 a formwork element 2 is also shown in cross section, which in turn has an energy store 7 in the form of a chamber with pressurized fluid and a valve arrangement as a trigger 6. As from the detailed view of the Figure 4 it can be seen, the valve arrangement is connected via a line to an inflatable tube 10 or the like elastically deformable element. In the formwork element 2, an elastically deformable sleeve 11 is further introduced, which surrounds the inflatable tube 10 in some areas. In its undeformed state, the casing 11 is arranged, for example, approximately flush with the formwork surface section 9 of the formwork element 2, which corresponds to the release position (not shown). If, on the other hand, the inflatable tube 10 is pressurized with the pressurized fluid from the energy store 7, the tube 10 deforms the shell 11 such that it protrudes over the formwork surface section 9 of the formwork element 2 in the direction of the concrete element 8, which is shown in Figures 3 and 4 shown stop position corresponds. Correspondingly, the fastening element 4, which is formed by the sleeve 11, can be transferred from the holding position into the release position by releasing pressure from the inflatable tube 10.

Another embodiment is in Figure 5 shown, which shows a formwork element 2 in a horizontal section. In the formwork element 2, in turn, a fastening element 4 is slidably mounted. The fastener In this embodiment, 4 is formed in one piece with a toothed rack 12 which engages with a pinion 13. The rack 12 and the pinion 13 together form an actuator 5 for actuating the fastening element 4. For this purpose, the pinion 13 is connected to a motor, not shown, so that, depending on the direction of rotation of the pinion 13, the fastening element 4 moves into the position shown in FIG Figure 5 shown stop position or can be moved back to the release position.

Next is in Figure 5 a cap 14 is shown which surrounds the areas of the fastening element 4 which project above the formwork surface section 9 of the formwork element 2 in the direction of the concrete element 8 in the holding position. The cap 14 forms a lost dowel, which is inserted into the concrete element 8 by the fastening element 4 and remains there when the fastening element 4 is pulled back into the release position.

According to a further alternative, not shown, the fastening element can be actuated by means of a thread or a worm gear.

The following is the production of a double-walled concrete molding with reference to FIG Figure 1 explained. After the application and anchoring (for example with magnetic holders 3) of a plurality of formwork elements 2 on the pallet 1, a plurality of fastening elements 4 are made from one or more formwork elements 2 into the in Figure 1 shown stopping position extended. Then concrete is poured into the space defined by the pallet 1 and the formwork elements 2 and compacted.

The concrete encloses the fastening elements 4 and the optionally provided caps 14, which creates a connection between the concrete and the formwork elements 2 or the pallet 1. This connection means that the concrete element created after the concrete has hardened, ie one wall of the double-walled concrete part, remains firmly connected to the pallet 1. It is thus possible to tilt the pallet 1 by 180 ° and to bring the concrete element 8 upside down in a form in which the second wall of the double-walled concrete part is produced. The pallet 1 can then be released from the concrete element 8 by transferring the fastening elements 4 into the release position.

Reference numerals

1

palette

2nd

Formwork element

3rd

holder

4th

Fastener

5

Actuator

6

trigger

7

Energy storage

8th

Concrete element

9

Formwork surface section

10th

inflatable tube

11

elastically deformable cover

12th

Rack

13

pinion

14

cap

Claims (10)

1. A device for producing concrete elements, with at least one palette (1), a plurality of formwork elements (2) which can be fixed detachably on the at least one palette (1), and with at least one holding device for securing a concrete element (8) on the at least one palette (1), wherein the formwork elements (2) each comprise at least one formwork surface section (9), which defines a side wall section of the concrete element (8) to be produced, wherein the at least one holding device comprises at least one actuator (5) and at least one fastening element (4), which is integrated into one of the formwork elements (2), wherein the at least one fastening element (4), actuated by the at least one actuator (5), can be moved out of a release position not projecting above the formwork surface section (9) into a holding position projecting above the formwork surface section (9), characterised in that the device further comprises an acceleration sensor and/or a tilt sensor, and that the fastening element (4) is held in the holding position when the acceleration sensor detects a specific acceleration and/or the tilt sensor detects a defined alignment of the palette (1).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one fastening element (4), actuated by the at least one actuator (5), can be moved out of the holding position into the release position.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the at least one fastening element (4) is provided with a cap (14), which is released from the fastening element (4) and which can be moved by the fastening element (4) out of a release position not projecting above the formwork surface section (9) into a holding position projecting above the formwork surface section (9).
4. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one fastening element (4) is a catch mounted displaceably in a formwork element (2), or that the at least one fastening element (4) comprises an elastically deformable cover (11), which can be deformed out of a release position not projecting above the formwork surface section (9) into a holding position projecting above the formwork surface section (9).
5. The device according to claim 4, characterised in that the at least one actuator (5) comprises a chamber (7, 12), to which a fluid can be admitted and which is connected directly by means of a piston arrangement to the fastening element (4, 11).
6. The device according to claim 5, characterised in that a source of pressurised fluid is assigned to the chamber (7, 11), which source can be connected via a valve arrangement (6) to the chamber (7, 11).
7. The device according to claim 4, characterised in that the catch comprises a toothed rack (12) or is connected to a toothed rack (12), and that the at least one actuator (5) comprises a rotationally driven pinion (13), which is engaged with the toothed rack (12).
8. The device according to claim 4, characterised in that the at least one actuator (5) comprises a spring and/or an electromagnet.
9. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that there is assigned to the at least one actuator (5) a control for actuating the at least one actuator (5) depending on a signal generated manually, by cable, via radio and/or by a sensor.
10. A method for producing concrete elements with the following steps, in particular by a circulation process:

    a) provision of a palette (1),

    b) placing of formwork elements (2) onto the palette (1), wherein at least one of the formwork elements (2) comprises a fastening element (4) which can be moved by an actuator (5) out of a release position not projecting above a formwork surface section (9) into a holding position projecting above a formwork surface section (9),

    c) extending the at least one fastening element (4) out of the release position into the holding position,

    d) filling concrete into the space defined by the palette (1) and the formwork elements (2),

    e) turning the palette (1) after the hardening of the concrete, and

    f) retraction of the at least one fastening element (4) out of the holding position into the release position,
    characterised in that the fastening element (4) is held in the holding position when an acceleration sensor detects a specific acceleration and/or a tilt sensor detects a defined alignment of the palette (1).

Images