EP3528969B1 - Sorting table with adjustable screen - Google Patents
Sorting table with adjustable screen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3528969B1 EP3528969B1 EP17784366.1A EP17784366A EP3528969B1 EP 3528969 B1 EP3528969 B1 EP 3528969B1 EP 17784366 A EP17784366 A EP 17784366A EP 3528969 B1 EP3528969 B1 EP 3528969B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sorter
- sorting
- sections
- conveyor
- diameter
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4636—Regulation of screen apertures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
- B07B1/14—Roller screens
- B07B1/15—Roller screens using corrugated, grooved or ribbed rollers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adjustable screen sorting table.
- a sorting table that can be used for the elimination of foreign bodies remaining mixed with a harvest of small fruits or with a grape harvest.
- Such a sorting table makes it possible, in particular in the case of a harvest, to separate on the one hand grape berries or other objects of size and shape similar to grape berries, and on the other hand undesirable objects larger than grape berries and elongated or flattened shapes such as leaves, stalks or petioles for example. This is particularly the case when the harvest has previously undergone a destemming operation.
- the invention can be implemented for the elimination in a fruit harvest of any type of debris of a size distinct from the fruits, and in particular for a harvest of small fruits such as currants, blackcurrants, blackberries, raspberries, olives, cranberries, cranberries or other berries or drupes.
- the invention can also be put to good use for the grading of fruits, by simply separating larger fruits from smaller fruits.
- the invention also finds applications in the manufacture of stand-alone sorting tables, or sorting tables integrated into a harvesting or grape-picking machine.
- Known sorting tables for example that of the document FR 2 920 278 , comprise a plurality of parallel conveyor-sorter rollers, arranged according to a sorting plan. They are generally arranged along a horizontal plane or close to the horizontal. They can take a more pronounced inclination when they are embarked on a harvester vehicle, for example, brought to follow the irregularities of the ground. This latter mode of operation is not, however, an inclination adjustment parameter.
- the conveyor-sorting rollers are regularly spaced between them and form a screen.
- a crop or grapes dumped at an inlet of the sorting table is conveyed in the direction of an outlet end of the sorting table by rotating the conveyor-sorter rollers in the same direction of rotation.
- the fruits or berries can pass through spaces provided between the conveyor-sorter rollers to be collected under the sorting table.
- debris larger than the fruits or berries in particular petioles, leaves, stalks or small branches found in the harvest or the grapes, continue their conveyance to the exit end of the table. sorting, the table being shaped to prevent their passage through the spaces between the rollers.
- the main parameters for adjusting a sorting table are the rate of discharge of the crop or grapes onto the table, the conveying speed, determined by the speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorting rollers, the spacing between the rollers conveyor-sorters, and possibly an inclination of the sorting table relative to a horizontal plane. Too little spacing between the rollers, too much rotational speed or too high a discharge rate cause fruit to reach the exit end of the table and be discarded with the debris, conversely, too much spacing between the rollers or a rotation speed that is too low promote unwanted passage of debris through the sorting table, along with the fruit.
- the speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorter rollers can be easily adjusted by controlling the drive means for rotating the conveyor-sorter rollers.
- the opening of the screen, formed by the spaces between the conveyor-sorter rollers, can be modified by adjusting a spacing of the axes of the conveyor-sorter rollers.
- the document EP 2 457 671 proposes mounting the ends of the conveyor-sorting rollers on slides perpendicular to their axis.
- the document GB 1295781 offers the possibility of mounting sorting rollers of different sizes on sorting rollers.
- the document EP2223587 shows a sorting roller provided with a sleeve.
- the object of the invention is to propose a different adjustment means for a sorting table, and in particular a rapid adjustment means, making it possible to modify the sieve of the sorting table in real time during a sorting operation.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a means for adjusting a sorting table acting simultaneously on the opening of the screen formed by the table and on the speed of conveying the harvest or the harvest along the table.
- the invention proposes a sorting table with an adjustable screen for fruit, comprising a succession of conveyor-sorter rollers arranged according to a sorting plane and parallel to each other, the conveyor-sorter rollers each having at least one sorter section , a spacing being provided respectively between sorting sections facing successive conveyor-sorting rollers for a selective passage of fruit through the table, by said spacing.
- the sorting table comprises conveyor-sorter rollers provided with sorting sections with adjustable diameter and a device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
- the adjustable nature of the diameter of the sorter sections does not necessarily imply that this diameter is constant on the sorter section along the axis of the conveyor-sorter roller.
- the diameter of the sorting sections can indeed be modified in a non-uniform way, for example, with a modification more important on a central part of the sorter section and a smaller modification on the edges, always with respect to the axis of the corresponding conveyor-sorter roller.
- the adjustable character of the diameter of the sorting sections can thus be understood as also applying to their average diameter. This resulted, between two facing sorting sections, in a spacing with a larger opening when the average diameter is reduced and a spacing with a smaller opening when the average diameter is increased.
- the sorting table is considered to be a "for fruit” sorting table when it is configured for sorting a harvest of fleshy stone fruits, berries, drupes, and more particularly a harvest of grapes.
- a for fruit sorting table when it is configured for sorting a harvest of fleshy stone fruits, berries, drupes, and more particularly a harvest of grapes.
- the conveyor-sorting rollers can comprise one or more sorting sections which form the screen.
- each roller comprises a plurality of sorting sections.
- the rest of the description essentially refers to conveyor-sorter rollers provided with a plurality of sorting sections, without prejudging the number of sorting sections of each roller.
- the conveyor-sorting rollers, as well as the sorting sections having a symmetry of revolution.
- the sorting sections have an adjustable diameter when their diameter, and thus their perimeter, can be modified and adjusted. It should be specified that the adjustment of the diameter of the sorting sections is independent of the passage of fruit between the sorting sections. In particular, the simple deformation of a sorter section under the effect of the passage of a fruit is not considered as an adjustment of its diameter.
- the sorting section diameter control device may be an operator-controlled control device, or preferably an automatic servo-controlled device, so as to be able to adjust the size of the sorting sections, and therefore the screen of the table. in real time during a sorting operation, without interrupting this operation.
- the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can have various embodiments depending on its mode of action on the sorting sections with adjustable diameter. In particular, it may be a device with mechanical or pneumatic action, as emerges from the remainder of the description.
- the control of the diameter of the sorting sections can be slaved, for example, to the detection of a quantity of fruit arriving at the end of the sorting table without having crossed the sorting table, or in relation to the detection of a amount of debris remaining in the sorted fruit.
- a device for measuring a quantity of fruit arriving at the end of the table or a quantity of debris remaining in the sorted fruit can be provided for the servo-control of the control device. It may be an optical member, for example an optical barrier, a load cell, or more sophisticatedly a camera associated with an image analysis system.
- Programming or direct control of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can also be carried out by an operator, visually evaluating the operation of the sorting table.
- the sorting sections of the rollers have two distinct functions.
- a first function is to constitute a sieve due to the spaces provided between the facing sorting sections. These spacings in fact allow the fruit to pass through the sorting table and thus be separated from the debris which continues to be conveyed to an outlet of the sorting table.
- a second function of the sorting sections, and more generally of the conveyor-sorting rollers, is a conveying function. Indeed, the conveying of the crop dumped on the sorting table in the direction of an exit from the sorting table is caused by the rotation of the conveyor-sorter rollers, these rollers preferably all being driven at the same speed of rotation. in the same direction of rotation.
- a first effect is to modify the spacing between the sorting sections and therefore the opening of the screen of the sorting table. In fact, when the diameter of the facing sorting sections is increased, the spacing between these sections is reduced. Conversely, when the diameter of the sorting sections is reduced, the spacing, and therefore the opening of the screen, become larger.
- a regular arrangement of the sorting rollers makes it possible in particular to provide a uniform opening of the screen. This is however not a characteristic necessary. It is possible to envisage adjusting the sorting table with an increasing or decreasing opening of the screen along an axis parallel to the conveying direction, for example.
- a second effect of modifying the diameter of the sorting sections is a change in the conveying speed of the harvest on the sorting table.
- the conveying can also be ensured, on part of the sorting table by simple conveyor rollers which have no fruit sorting function, but simply a conveying function and possibly a distribution function fruit and debris at the entrance to the screen, or even a sorting function for liquids or small debris smaller than the fruit, such as seeds and grape juice in the case of a harvest, for example.
- These rollers are preferably provided when the screed is retracted into a zone for dumping and distributing the harvest or grapes. They have no passages allowing the fruit to pass through the sorting table, but may include narrower passages allowing the flow of juice or the passage of debris smaller in size than the fruit, such as pips or pits.
- all the sections of all the conveyor-sorter rollers are not necessarily of adjustable diameter.
- the adjustable-diameter sorting sections preferably comprise a deformable outer wall.
- This wall can be formed by a sheath, a sleeve or a membrane in a natural elastic material or an elastomer. thermoplastic, for example, rubber or polyurethane.
- the deformable nature of the floor makes it possible to adapt to the diameter of the sorter section while constituting a sealed envelope for the juices of the fruit conveyed. The seal promotes cleaning of the sorting table and protects the internal parts of the conveyor-sorter rollers.
- the sorting table and in particular the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter, may comprise a source of fluid at controlled pressure respectively connected to an internal chamber of the conveyor rollers - sorters fitted with sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
- the internal chamber is in fluid communication with the deformable floor.
- the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can act by modifying the pressure of the fluid in the internal chamber of the sorting conveyor rollers. The modification of the pressure of the fluid makes it possible to deform the deformable floor and thus to adjust the diameter of the sorting sections.
- the deformation may be similar to swelling or deflation of the deformable wall of a sorter section.
- the pressure-controlled fluid source can be, for example, a source under pressure or under vacuum relative to atmospheric pressure. This may preferably be a pressurized air source.
- the fluid can also be a liquid, such as water or oil, for example.
- the deformable outer floor of the sorting sections can also constitute a floor of the internal chamber mentioned above.
- the internal chamber may have a rigid wall, the deformable external wall forming a sheath around the rigid wall.
- the sheath can take the form of a sleeve or a membrane, described below.
- these may comprise a plurality of sorting sections arranged along a roller axis.
- the sorting sections are respectively separated by annular collars projecting from the sorting sections.
- Las annular collars promote the selective passage of fruit through the sorting table, that is to say in the spaces between the sorting rollers. They also allow the conveyance of bulky debris.
- the annular flanges which may preferably have a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of the sorting rollers, also participate in the conveying of the harvest on the sorting table.
- annular flanges of adjacent conveyor-sorter rollers, separating facing sorting sections can be substantially aligned along planes perpendicular to the conveyor rollers, and have substantially adjacent edges.
- annular collars having substantially adjacent edges when the edges are mutually aligned perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor-sorter rollers but also when your edges are slightly offset perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor rollers in the median plane of the table of sorting and in the vicinity of this plane.
- the adjacent roller flanges are in a nested configuration also having mutually adjacent flanks.
- each conveyor-sorter roller comprises only a single section sorter.
- each sorter section thus comprises a flange at each of its ends and two successive sorter sections are separated by the same flange.
- each sorter section may have a membrane mounted between two successive annular collars, the membranes of the sorting sections then forming the deformable floor of the sorter section.
- the conveyor-sorter rollers may comprise a sleeve forming the deformable floor respectively of a plurality of sorting sections.
- the sleeve may have extra thickness zones directly forming the annular collars.
- the sleeve may also have annular grooves in which the annular collars are attached.
- the annular flanges can also be mounted on a central shaft of the conveyor-sorting rollers.
- the central shaft can be constituted, for example, by the rigid-walled internal chamber mentioned above.
- annular collars mounted on a central shaft these may respectively have a cylindrical base substantially fitted to the central shaft.
- the cylindrical base can then extend under the deformable floor and form a spacer between the annular flanges.
- the annular flanges may have at least one flexible annular lip bearing against an adjacent sorting section.
- the lip is flexible so as to be able to adapt to variations in the diameter of the sorter section.
- Such a flexible lip can be provided on both sides of a collar separating two sorting sections.
- the sorting sections can be provided with reliefs. These are, for example, pins or ribs extending along planes containing an axis of the conveyor-sorter roller.
- the reliefs can be made in one piece with the deformable floor of the sorting sections. It can also act of reliefs brought back on the floor and carried out in a harder material than deformable floor. The use of a harder material makes it possible, if necessary, to delay wear of the deformable floor.
- the modification of the diameter of the sorting sections can be carried out by means of a fluid under pressure or a fluid under vacuum.
- the diameter can also be changed by mechanical means without the use of fluid.
- the sorting table may comprise conveyor-sorter rollers with an alternating succession, according to a pattern of succession, of sorting sections and projecting annular flanges separating the sorting sections
- the section diameter control device sorters may include an internal actuating shaft, concentric with the deformable wall of the sorting sections and with the annular flanges, the actuating shaft being provided with bosses spaced apart according to the same pattern of succession.
- the actuating shaft has respectively with respect to the deformable wall, with respect to the sorting sections and to the collars, a freedom of axial sliding between a first position in which the bosses are received in housings adjacent to the annular collars and at least a second position in which the bosses coincide with the sorting sections.
- the deformable floor is not constrained and can come to retract, on a bearing surface formed, for example, by a rigid internal floor or formed directly by the parts of the internal shaft devoid of bosses.
- the bosses of the actuating shaft lift the deformable wall to increase the diameter of the sorting sections.
- housings for the bosses are adjacent to the annular collars when they are provided in the immediate vicinity of the collars, for example under an edge of the sorting sections, or when the housings are under the annular collars.
- the sorting sections are formed selectively by one of the central shaft and the sleeves in the second position.
- the central shaft constitutes sorting sections with a first diameter.
- the sleeves when the sleeves are extended between the annular collars, it is the sleeves which constitute, in a way, the sorting sections.
- the sorting sections have, in this case, a second diameter, that of the sleeves, which is greater than that of the central shaft on which the sleeves slide.
- the sleeves thus form part both of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections and of the sorting sections themselves, the diameter of which they increase.
- Such an implementation of the invention does not lend itself well to sorting fruit for juice, because the mechanisms which are not protected by a wall or a membrane are subject to dirt and offer more complicated cleaning possibilities.
- the invention also relates to a sorter conveyor roller, for a sorting table as described above comprising sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
- the figure 1 illustrates the general structure of the sort table and how it works
- the sorting table 10 is essentially in the form of a roller conveyor 12, 14 extending substantially horizontally from a first inlet end 16 to a second waste outlet end 18.
- the harvest, destemmed, includes both grape berries 24 and debris 26.
- the debris can be leaves, petioles, stalks, small branches etc.
- the first series of conveyor rollers 14 are driven in rotation, all in the same direction, to form a substantially homogeneous bed of grapes moving in a direction going from the first end 16 towards the second end 18 of the sorting table. .
- the rotation of the rollers takes place along axes of rotation parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
- conveyor-sorter rollers 12 Just like the conveyor rollers 14 of the first series of rollers, the conveyor rollers--trleuni 12 are driven by the same rotational movement to ensure the conveying of the harvest from the first end. 16 towards the second end 18 of the sorting table 10.
- a conveying direction is indicated with an arrow 15.
- Lee conveyor-rollers sorters 12 have another function which is to separate the grape berries 24 and debris 26 which have a size greater than the grape berries and / or a distinct shape of the grape berries. It may be in particular debris of flattened shape, such as leaves, of elongated shape, such as petioles, or even bulky debris, such as stalks. As this appears better in the following figures, described below, the sorting conveyor rollers form a sieve sized for the selective passage of the grape berries 24 through the sorting table. It should be noted that debris of a size less than or equal to grape berries, such as seeds or small pieces of stalks or leaves, for example, can also pass through the screen.
- the grape berries 24 pass through the table and are collected by gravity under the table in a receptacle, not shown.
- the debris 26 is collected there, in a receptacle, not shown, with a view to their elimination or their separate recovery. In the case of a sorting table on board a machine, the debris is simply evacuated outside the machine.
- a sieve that is too closed leads to the scrapping of grape berries or more generally fruit that should have crossed the table. Conversely, a screen that is too open leads to unwanted passage of debris through the sorting table with the grape berries.
- the figures 2A and 2B show only part of the sorting table 10. They show a succession of six sorting conveyor rollers 12, equidistant, arranged along axes 11 parallel to each other, perpendicular to the conveying direction 15.
- each sorter conveyor roller 12 comprises a plurality of sorting sections 30.
- the sorting sections 30 of the same roller are delimited respectively by annular flanges 32.
- the flanges 32 and the sorting sections 30 have a symmetry of revolution around the axis 11 of the conveyor-sorter roller 12 corresponding.
- the flanges 32 have a diameter greater than the average diameter of the sorting sections 30.
- the annular flanges 32 of the adjacent conveyor-sorter rollers 12 are substantially aligned along planes 35 perpendicular to the axes 11 of the conveyor-sorter rollers 12 so that their respective edges 34 are substantially adjacent in a median plane of the sorting table comprising the axes of the sorting conveyor rollers 12, and in the vicinity of this plane.
- the adjacent annular flanges 32 of the various rollers are slightly offset on either side of these planes, alternately from one conveyor-trleur roller to the next. They thus have substantially adjacent edges 34 but also slightly overlapping in the plane of the sorting table.
- the sorting sections 30 of the adjacent conveyor-sorting rollers and the annular collars 32 which separate them thus delimit spaces or openings 36 in the sorting table through which the grape berries, or more generally the fruits, can pass, in particular by gravity, when conveying the harvest or grapes.
- the regular arrangement of the sorting sections 30 and the flanges 32 means that the spacings 36 constitute a regular mesh of the sieve of the sorting table.
- the diameter of the sorting sections is adjustable.
- all sections are of the adjustable diameter type.
- the figure 2A shows the sorting sections with a smaller diameter than the sections of the figure 2B .
- the spacings 36, and therefore the opening of the screen, are larger on the figure 2A that on the figure 2B .
- the adjustable nature of the diameter of the sorter sections does not necessarily imply that it is constant over the entire length of a given sorter section. It can be noted, on the figure 2A , a concave shape of the sorting sections 30 from their edges, that is to say from the annular flanges 32, to their middle.
- the picture 3 is a section of a conveyor-sorter roller 12 of the sorting table.
- the roller comprises a central shaft 50 essentially formed by an elongated cylindrical tube 53.
- the tube 53 is for example a tube made of stainless steel, aluminum or a tube made of composite fibers.
- a sleeve 54 made of a natural material or a deformable thermoplastic elastomer, for example rubber or polyurethane, preferably compatible with contact with food materials.
- the ends of the cylindrical tube 53 are closed by plugs 62, 64, partially fitted into the cylindrical tube 53 and connected in rotation with the tube by means of pins 40.
- a first plug 62 receives an end piece 66 for receiving a bearing bearing not shown, and intended for mounting the conveyor-sorter roller 12 on a frame of the sorting table.
- the opposite end of the cylindrical tube 53 receives a second stopper 64, also capable of receiving a rolling bearing, not shown.
- the sleeve 54 is held on the ends of the central shaft 50 and more precisely on part of the plugs 62, 64. A sealed junction is made by means of collars 56, combined with seals 42, for example O-rings, and arranged on the plugs 62, 64.
- the sleeve 54 constitutes a deformable external wall of an internal chamber 52.
- the internal chamber 52 is also delimited by a rigid wall, opposite to the deformable wall, and formed the cylindrical tube 53 of the central shaft 50.
- the sleeve 54 forms the sorting sections 30.
- the internal chamber 52 extends between the sleeve 54 and the central shaft 50, and has compartments in each sorter section 30 of the sorter conveyor roller.
- the sleeve 54 has annular grooves 58 between the sorting sections 30.
- the annular grooves 58 receive the annular flanges 32.
- the flanges 32 are made of a harder and more rigid plastic material than that of the sleeve 54.
- the flanges participate in maintaining the sleeve 54 on the cylindrical tube 53 forming the central shaft 50. They prevent deformation of the sleeve at the height annular grooves 58 and maintain bearing soles 59 of the sleeve 54, opposite the annular grooves 58, in contact with the wall of the cylindrical tube 53.
- Recessed passages 57 are formed in the support soles 59 so as to provide a fluid passage between the different compartments of the internal chamber 52 corresponding to the different sorting sections 30.
- the second stopper 64 comprises a channel 70 from a tip 72.
- the channel 70 is connected to the internal chamber 52 via one or more passages 60 passing through the stopper 64.
- the channel 70 is thus in fluidic communication with the internal chamber 52 and with the sleeve 54.
- the passage 60 shown in the picture 3 opens between the sealed junction of the sleeve 54 on the second cap 64, and the end of the cylindrical tube 53.
- passages to the internal chamber 52 can also be made in the floor of the cylindrical tube 53. These passages then put in communication different parts of the internal chamber, corresponding to the different sorting sections, and put the internal chamber in communication with the interior of the cylindrical tube 53.
- the channel 70 can open directly into a space internal 51 of the cylindrical tube 53.
- the end piece 72 is mounted on the second cap 64 via a rotary joint 74. It is also connected to a source of fluid 76 at controlled pressure shown symbolically.
- the pressurized fluid source constitutes, or at least forms part, in this embodiment, of a device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
- the fluid source 76 at controlled pressure can be, for example, a pneumatic energy installation of a cellar, with a pressure valve. It may also include a compressor and a pressurized air tank or a vacuum pump.
- the fluid source may also include an air distributor unit and pressure limiters so as to supply the different sorting rollers 12 or different groups of sorting rollers 12 with different pressures.
- the second stopper 64 receives a drive pinion 78 intended to drive the conveyor-sorter roller 12 in rotation.
- the drive pinion is connected to an electric or hydraulic motor 80, represented symbolically by a chain or gear transmission for example.
- the motor 80 can be equipped with a variable speed drive to vary the speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorter rollers 12.
- the pressurized fluid enters the internal chamber 52 of the conveyor-sorter roller to expand the sleeve 54.
- the sleeve is inflated, like of an air chamber.
- the expansion of the sleeve is limited to the sorting sections 30 and in particular in the middle of the sorting sections. This nevertheless results in an increase in the average diameter of the sorting sections by deformation of the sleeve outwards.
- the elasticity of the sleeve causes it to return to its position shown in picture 3 , against the central shaft 50.
- the diameter of the sorting sections 30 decreases.
- a reduction in the diameter of the sorting sections can also be carried out from a rest position remote from the central shaft 50 and by applying a vacuum to the internal chamber 52.
- the figure 4 shows in perspective part of a conveyor-sorter roller 12 in an embodiment very close to the picture 3 , in a configuration where channel 70, visible at picture 3 opens into the internal space 51 of the cylindrical tube 53.
- a cutaway shows the sleeve 54 resting on the central shaft 50 formed by a cylindrical tube 53.
- the space between the sleeve 54 and the wall of the central shaft 50 defines an internal chamber 52.
- the tear-off also makes it possible to see fluid passages 60, in particular air passages which place the internal space 51 of the cylindrical tube 53 in fluid communication with the internal chamber 52, and in particular its compartments corresponding to the different sorting sections 30.
- the figure 4 also shows the flanges 32 housed in the annular grooves 58 of the sleeve.
- FIG 4 shows reliefs 82 and 84 which respectively line the sorting sections 30 and the edges 34 of the collars 32.
- the reliefs 82, 84 have the function of improving the drive of the fruit to be sorted.
- the reliefs 82 on the sorting sections are ribs which extend along planes containing an axis of rotation 11 of the sorting roller 12. They are preferably made of the same material as that of the sleeve 54. They can also be made of a harder material than that of the sleeve 54. It is for example the same plastic material as the flanges 32.
- the ribs of the sections sorters also taking part in driving the fruit through the screen of the sorting table.
- the reliefs 84 on the edges of the collars 32 are barbs, with a regular angular spacing. They are used to convey the harvest or grapes to be sorted and participate in the orientation of debris by reducing the risk of it passing through the sieve of the sorting table.
- the figure 5 shows another possible embodiment of the conveyor-sorter rollers 12.
- a snatch from the figure 5 shows that, unlike the figure 4 , the flanges 32 are no longer mounted in the grooves of a sleeve forming the sorting sections.
- the flanges 32 each have a cylindrical base 90 with an internal diameter adjusted to the central shaft 50.
- the central shaft 50 is here also constituted by a cylindrical tube 53 comprising an internal space 51.
- the cylindrical base 90 also has a function of spacing the flanges 32. Indeed the various flanges 32 are fitted onto the central shaft 50, respectively with their cylindrical bases 90 in contact. The flanges 32 are thus at an equal distance from each other.
- the sorting sections 30 are formed by annular membranes 92 secured respectively to two successive collars 32.
- the membranes 92 have ends housed in annular grooves 94 formed on either side of each collar 32 in the vicinity of its cylindrical base 90. They form sheaths around the central shaft and have symmetry of revolution.
- the space between the annular membranes 92 and the cylindrical bases 90 of the flanges 32 defines multiple internal chambers 52 corresponding respectively to sorting sections 30.
- passages 60 made both in the cylindrical tube 53 of the central shaft 50 and in the cylindrical bases 90 of the collars 32.
- the passages 60 make it possible to place the internal space 51 of the cylindrical tube in fluid communication. 53 with the various internal chambers 52 of the conveyor-sorter roller 12 and thus with the internal face of the membranes 92.
- the pressurized fluid for example pressurized air
- the membranes 92 deform essentially in their middle.
- the figure 6 shows yet another possible embodiment of the conveyor-sorter rollers 12.
- the embodiment of the figure 6 is similar to that of the figure 4 , insofar as the sorting sections 30 are formed by a sleeve 54 made of a deformable plastic material.
- the collars 32 are formed in one piece with the sleeve 54 and constitute extra thicknesses of the sleeve.
- the extra thickness of the material forming the sleeve 54 has the effect of increasing its rigidity and of reducing the possibility of deformation for the collars 32.
- the collars 32 are thus not deformed, or at least very slightly deformed, during a setting. under pressure and during a modification of the diameter of the sorting sections 30
- the central shaft 60 although having a symmetry of revolution is not cylindrical. It has a wavy relief, obtained, for example, by hydroforming.
- the relief of the central shaft corresponds to the alternation of the sorting sections 30 and the flanges 32. This arrangement makes it possible to maintain the distance of the sorting sections 30.
- a channel 61 provided in the sleeve 54 can be seen opposite a relief 82 of the sleeve.
- the channel 61 is flush with an internal face of the sleeve 54. It extends axially along the sorting sections 30, and passes under the flanges 32 shown in figure 6 .
- the channel 61 promotes the fluidic communication of the sleeve 54 with the internal space 51 of the central shaft 50.
- the channel 61 connects the different compartments of the internal chamber 52, corresponding to the different sorting sections 30 of the conveyor-sorting roller 12 It thus contributes to distributing the pressure in the various internal chamber compartments 52 for a uniform increase in the diameter of all the sorting sections, in particular at the start of pressurization.
- the sleeve 54 is lifted from the central shaft and itself constitutes a parol of the internal chamber 52 in the regions corresponding to the sorting sections.
- the figure 8 shows yet another possible embodiment of the conveyor-sorter rollers 12. It is also similar to the embodiment of the figure 4 , insofar as the floor of the sorting sections 30 is formed by a sleeve 54 which extends continuously over the central shaft 50.
- the collars are provided with flexible annular lips 96, extending on either side of the collar over the sorting sections 30.
- the flexible lips 96 are fixed in annular grooves 98 of the collars 32, in the vicinity of the sleeve 54. These grooves are comparable to the grooves 94 housing the annular membranes 92 of the figure 5 .
- the annular lips 96 of the figure 8 extend only over part of the axial length of the sorting sections 30. They rest on the outer face of the sleeve 54.
- the annular lips 96 accompany the deformation of the sorting sections 30 during an adjustment of their diameter.
- This embodiment allows simpler manufacture, for example by extrusion, of the sleeve 54 and to find a concave shape of the sorter sections 30, a shape more suited in particular to the conveying of long debris such as petioles.
- the sorting sections 30 can be formed by the combination of a sleeve 54 and flanges 32 similar to those of the figure 8 , but not comprising additional annular lips 96. This more economical solution simplifies the washing operation of the conveyor-sorting rollers.
- the figure 9 shows a possible embodiment of a sorter conveyor roller 12 in which the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections does not use fluid at controlled pressure to vary the diameter of the sorting sections 30, but a mechanical actuation shaft.
- the sorter conveyor roller 12 of the figure 9 has a central shaft 50 covered with a sleeve 54 essentially forming the sorting sections 30.
- Collars 32 are housed in grooves 38. They form with the sorting sections 30 an alternating succession according to a pattern of succession. In the example of the figure 9 the pattern of succession is regular.
- the sorting sections 30 all have the same length and the flanges 32 are regularly spaced along the axis 11 of the roller.
- the actuating shaft 100 is provided with a plurality of bosses 102 arranged on the one hand according to the same pattern of succession as the sorting sections and the collars and on the other hand distributed angularly in a uniform manner in a plane perpendicular to the shaft 11 of the conveyor-trisur roller.
- the spacing of the bosses 102 along the axis 102 here corresponds to that of the collars 32 and also to that of the sorting sections 30.
- the bosses 102 pass through the central shaft 50 in slots 110 provided at this effect.
- the actuating shaft 100 has, with respect to the central shaft 50, a freedom of sliding indicated by a double arrow 104.
- the actuating shaft can thus slide between a first position in which the bosses 102 are located in a housing 106 in the vicinity of the flanges 32, at the edge of the sorting sections 30, and a second position in which the bosses 102 are substantially aligned with the middle of the sorting sections 30.
- the bosses do not interact with the sleeve 54.
- the sleeve 54 has, along the axis 11 of the conveyor-sorter roller, a concavity whose center substantially coincides with the middle of the sorter section 30.
- the actuating shaft of the conveyor-sorting rollers can be moved between the first position and the second position, for example, by an electromagnetic control, a mechanical control, a pneumatic control or a hydraulic control, for the adjustment of the diameter sorting sections and therefore the opening of the screen of the sorting table which is equipped with it.
- These members are part of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
Landscapes
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne une table de tri à crible ajustable.The present invention relates to an adjustable screen sorting table.
Elle concerne plue précisément une table de tri utilisable pour l'élimination de corps étrangers restant mélangés à une récole de petits fruits ou à une vendange.More specifically, it relates to a sorting table that can be used for the elimination of foreign bodies remaining mixed with a harvest of small fruits or with a grape harvest.
Une telle table de tri permet, notamment dans le cas d'une vendange, de séparer d'une part des baies de raisin ou d'autres objets de taille et de forme similaire aux baies de raisin, et d'autre part des objets indésirables de taille supérieure aux baies de raisin et de formes allongées ou aplaties tels que des feuilles, des rafles ou des pétioles par exemple. Ceci est le cas notamment lorsque, la vendange a subi préalablement une opération d'égrsppage.Such a sorting table makes it possible, in particular in the case of a harvest, to separate on the one hand grape berries or other objects of size and shape similar to grape berries, and on the other hand undesirable objects larger than grape berries and elongated or flattened shapes such as leaves, stalks or petioles for example. This is particularly the case when the harvest has previously undergone a destemming operation.
De manière plus générale, l'invention peut être mise en œuvre pour l'élimination dans une récolte de fruits de tout type de débris de taille distincte des fruits, et en particulier pour une récolte de petits fruits tels que des groseilles, du cassis, des mûres, des framboises, des olives, des canneberges, des airelles ou encore d'autres baies ou drupes.More generally, the invention can be implemented for the elimination in a fruit harvest of any type of debris of a size distinct from the fruits, and in particular for a harvest of small fruits such as currants, blackcurrants, blackberries, raspberries, olives, cranberries, cranberries or other berries or drupes.
Enfin, l'invention peut aussi être mise à profit pour le calibrage de fruits, en séparant simplement des fruits plus gros de fruits plus petits.Finally, the invention can also be put to good use for the grading of fruits, by simply separating larger fruits from smaller fruits.
L'invention trouve encore des applications dans la fabrication de tables de tri autonomes, ou de tables de tri intégrées dans une machine de récolte ou de vendange.The invention also finds applications in the manufacture of stand-alone sorting tables, or sorting tables integrated into a harvesting or grape-picking machine.
L'état de la technique peut être illustré par les documents suivants :
Les tables de tri connues, par exemple celle du document
Les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs sont régulièrement espacés entre eux et constituent un crible.The conveyor-sorting rollers are regularly spaced between them and form a screen.
Une récolte ou une vendange déversée en une entrée de la table de tri est convoyée en direction d'une extrémité de sortie de la table de tri par une mise en rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs dans un même sens de rotation.A crop or grapes dumped at an inlet of the sorting table is conveyed in the direction of an outlet end of the sorting table by rotating the conveyor-sorter rollers in the same direction of rotation.
Lors du convoyage, les fruits ou les baies peuvent traverser des espacements prévus entre les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs pour être recueillis sous la table de tri. En revanche, les débris de taille supérieure aux fruits ou baies, en particulier des pétioles, des feuilles, des rafles ou de petites branches se trouvant dans la récolte ou la vendange, poursulvent leur convoyage jusqu'à l'extrémité de sortie de la table de tri, la table étant conformée pour éviter leur passage au travers des espacements ménagés entre les rouleaux. Ces débris, de par leur taille, leur facteur de forme volumineux, allongé ou aplati, ou de par leur poids sont en effet. davantage susceptibles de poursuivre le convoyage parallèlement à le table de tri plutôt que de traverser la table de tri.During conveying, the fruits or berries can pass through spaces provided between the conveyor-sorter rollers to be collected under the sorting table. On the other hand, debris larger than the fruits or berries, in particular petioles, leaves, stalks or small branches found in the harvest or the grapes, continue their conveyance to the exit end of the table. sorting, the table being shaped to prevent their passage through the spaces between the rollers. These debris, by their size, their bulky, elongated or flattened form factor, or by their weight are indeed. more likely to continue conveying parallel to the sorting table rather than across the sorting table.
Lorsqu'une table de tri est correctement réglée, seuls des débris arrivent à l'extrémité de la table de tri et sont mis au rebut, l'ensemble des fruits ou baies ayant traversé la table de tri au cours du convoyage.When a sorting table is correctly adjusted, only debris arrives at the end of the sorting table and is discarded, all the fruit or berries having passed through the sorting table during the conveying.
Les principaux paramètres de réglage d'une table de tri sont le débit de déversement de la récolte ou de la vendange sur la table, la vitesse de convoyage, déterminés par la vitesse de rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieura, les espacements ménagés entre les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, et éventuellement une inclinaison de la table de tri relativement à un plan horizontal. Un espacement trop faible entre les rouleaux, une vitesse de rotation trop importante ou un débit de déversement trop élevé font que des fruits arrivent à l'extrémité de sortie de la table et sont mis au rebut avec les débris, inversement, un espacement trop grand entre les rouleaux ou une vitesse de rotation trop faible favorisent un passage non souhaité de débris à travers la table de tri, avec les fruits.The main parameters for adjusting a sorting table are the rate of discharge of the crop or grapes onto the table, the conveying speed, determined by the speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorting rollers, the spacing between the rollers conveyor-sorters, and possibly an inclination of the sorting table relative to a horizontal plane. Too little spacing between the rollers, too much rotational speed or too high a discharge rate cause fruit to reach the exit end of the table and be discarded with the debris, conversely, too much spacing between the rollers or a rotation speed that is too low promote unwanted passage of debris through the sorting table, along with the fruit.
La vitesse de rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs peut être facilement ajustée en contrôlant les moyens moteurs de mise en rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs.The speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorter rollers can be easily adjusted by controlling the drive means for rotating the conveyor-sorter rollers.
L'ouverture du crible, formé par les espacements entre les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, peut être modifiée en ajustant un écartement des axes des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs. Ainsi, le document
Le document
L'invention a pour but de proposer un moyen de réglage différent d'une table de tri, et en particulier d'un moyen de réglage rapide, permettant de modifier le crible de la table de tri en temps réel pendant une opération de tri.The object of the invention is to propose a different adjustment means for a sorting table, and in particular a rapid adjustment means, making it possible to modify the sieve of the sorting table in real time during a sorting operation.
L'invention a encore pour but de proposer un moyen de réglage d'une table de tri agissant de manière simultanée sur l'ouverture du crible formé par la table et sur la vitesse de convoyage de la récolte ou de la vendange le long de la table.Another object of the invention is to propose a means for adjusting a sorting table acting simultaneously on the opening of the screen formed by the table and on the speed of conveying the harvest or the harvest along the table.
Pour atteindre ces buts, l'invention propose une table de tri à crible ajustable pour fruits, comprenant une succession de rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs agencés selon un plan de tri et parallèlement entre eux, les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs présentant chacun au moins un tronçon trieur, un espacement étant ménagé respectivement entre des tronçons trieurs en regard de rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs successifs pour un passage sélectif de fruits au travers de la table, par ledit espacement. Conformément à l'invention, la table de tri comprend des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs pourvus de tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable et un dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable.To achieve these aims, the invention proposes a sorting table with an adjustable screen for fruit, comprising a succession of conveyor-sorter rollers arranged according to a sorting plane and parallel to each other, the conveyor-sorter rollers each having at least one sorter section , a spacing being provided respectively between sorting sections facing successive conveyor-sorting rollers for a selective passage of fruit through the table, by said spacing. In accordance with the invention, the sorting table comprises conveyor-sorter rollers provided with sorting sections with adjustable diameter and a device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
Il convient de préciser que le caractère ajustable du diamètre des tronçons trieurs n'implique pas nécessairement que ce diamètre soit constant sur le tronçon trieur le long de l'axe du rouleau convoyeur-trieur. Le diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut en effet être modifié de manière non uniforme, par exemple, avec une modification plus importante sur une partie centrale du tronçon trieur et une modification plus faible sur les bords, toujours par rapport à l'axe du rouleau convoyeur-trieur correspondant. Le caractère ajustable du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut ainsi être compris comme s'appliquant aussi à leur diamètre moyen. Il en résulta entre deux tronçons trieurs en regard un espacement avac une ouverture plus importante lorsque le diamètre moyen est réduit et un espacement avec une ouverture moins Importante lorsque le diamètre moyen est agrandi.It should be specified that the adjustable nature of the diameter of the sorter sections does not necessarily imply that this diameter is constant on the sorter section along the axis of the conveyor-sorter roller. The diameter of the sorting sections can indeed be modified in a non-uniform way, for example, with a modification more important on a central part of the sorter section and a smaller modification on the edges, always with respect to the axis of the corresponding conveyor-sorter roller. The adjustable character of the diameter of the sorting sections can thus be understood as also applying to their average diameter. This resulted, between two facing sorting sections, in a spacing with a larger opening when the average diameter is reduced and a spacing with a smaller opening when the average diameter is increased.
On considère que la table de tri est une table de tri "pour fruits" lorsqu'elle est configurée pour le tri d'une récoite de fruits charnus à noyau, de baies, de drupes, et plus particullèrement d'une vendange de raisin. Dans la suite de la description, et par simplification il est simplement fait référence à des fruits sans limitation concernant la nature de ces fruits.The sorting table is considered to be a "for fruit" sorting table when it is configured for sorting a harvest of fleshy stone fruits, berries, drupes, and more particularly a harvest of grapes. In the remainder of the description, and for simplification, reference is simply made to fruits without limitation concerning the nature of these fruits.
Selon le type de fruits, les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs peuvent comporter un ou plusieurs tronçons trieurs qui forment le crible. Généralement chaque rouleau comporte une pluralité de tronçons trieurs. La suite de la description fait référence essentiellement à des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs pourvus d'une pluralité de tronçons trieurs, sans pour autant préjuger du nombre de tronçons trieurs de chaque rouleau.Depending on the type of fruit, the conveyor-sorting rollers can comprise one or more sorting sections which form the screen. Generally each roller comprises a plurality of sorting sections. The rest of the description essentially refers to conveyor-sorter rollers provided with a plurality of sorting sections, without prejudging the number of sorting sections of each roller.
Les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, de même que les tronçons trieurs présentant une symétrie de révolution. Ainsi, on considère que les tronçons trieurs ont un diamètre ajustable lorsque leur diamètre, et ainsi leur périmètre, peut être modifié, et ajusté. Il convient de préciser que l'ajustement du diamètre des tronçons trieurs est Indépendant du passage de fruits entre les tronçons trieurs. En particulier, la simple déformation d'un tronçon trieur sous l'effet du passage d'un fruit n'est pas considérés comme un ajustement de son diamètre.The conveyor-sorting rollers, as well as the sorting sections having a symmetry of revolution. Thus, it is considered that the sorting sections have an adjustable diameter when their diameter, and thus their perimeter, can be modified and adjusted. It should be specified that the adjustment of the diameter of the sorting sections is independent of the passage of fruit between the sorting sections. In particular, the simple deformation of a sorter section under the effect of the passage of a fruit is not considered as an adjustment of its diameter.
Le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut être un dispositif de commande contrôlé par un opérateur, ou, de préférence, un dispositif de commande automatique asservi, de manière a pouvoir ajuster le diamètre des tronçons trieurs, et donc le crible de la table de tri en temps réel pendant une opération de triage, sans interrompre cette opération. Le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut présenter des formes de réalisations diverses selon son mode d'action sur les tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable. En particulier, il peut s'agir d'un dispositif à action mécanique ou pneumatique, comme cela ressort de la suite de la description.The sorting section diameter control device may be an operator-controlled control device, or preferably an automatic servo-controlled device, so as to be able to adjust the size of the sorting sections, and therefore the screen of the table. in real time during a sorting operation, without interrupting this operation. The device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can have various embodiments depending on its mode of action on the sorting sections with adjustable diameter. In particular, it may be a device with mechanical or pneumatic action, as emerges from the remainder of the description.
La commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut être asservie, par exemple, à la détection d'une quantité de fruits arrivant à l'extrémité de la table de tri sans avoir traversé la table de tri, ou par rapport à la détection d'une quantité de débris restant dans les fruits triés. Un organe de mesure d'une quantité de fruits arrivant à l'extrémité de la table ou d'une quantité de débris restant dans les fruits triés peut être prévu pour l'asservissement du dispositif de commande. Il peut s'agir d'un organe optique, par exemple une barrière optique, d'un peson, ou de manière plus sophistiquée une caméra associée à un système d'analyse d'image.The control of the diameter of the sorting sections can be slaved, for example, to the detection of a quantity of fruit arriving at the end of the sorting table without having crossed the sorting table, or in relation to the detection of a amount of debris remaining in the sorted fruit. A device for measuring a quantity of fruit arriving at the end of the table or a quantity of debris remaining in the sorted fruit can be provided for the servo-control of the control device. It may be an optical member, for example an optical barrier, a load cell, or more sophisticatedly a camera associated with an image analysis system.
Une programmation ou un contrôle direct du dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut aussi être effectuée par un opérateur, évaluant visuellement le fonctionnement de la table de tri.Programming or direct control of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can also be carried out by an operator, visually evaluating the operation of the sorting table.
Les tronçons trieurs des rouleaux ont deux fonctions distinctes. Une première fonction est de constituer un crible en raison des espacements ménagés entre les tronçons trieurs en regard. Ces espacements permettent en effet aux fruits de traverser la table de tri et d'être ainsi séparés des débris qui continuent leur convoyage vers une sortie de la table de tri.The sorting sections of the rollers have two distinct functions. A first function is to constitute a sieve due to the spaces provided between the facing sorting sections. These spacings in fact allow the fruit to pass through the sorting table and thus be separated from the debris which continues to be conveyed to an outlet of the sorting table.
Une deuxième fonction des tronçons trieurs, et plus généralement des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, est une fonction de convoyage. En effet, la convoyage de la récolte déversée sur la table de tri en direction d'une sortie de la table de tri est provoqué par la rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, ces rouleaux étant de préférence animés tous d'une même vitesse de rotation dans un même sens de rotation.A second function of the sorting sections, and more generally of the conveyor-sorting rollers, is a conveying function. Indeed, the conveying of the crop dumped on the sorting table in the direction of an exit from the sorting table is caused by the rotation of the conveyor-sorter rollers, these rollers preferably all being driven at the same speed of rotation. in the same direction of rotation.
La modification du diamètre des tronçons trieurs, a ainsi deux effets distincte. Un premier effet est de modifier l'espacement entre les tronçons trieurs et donc l'ouverture du crible de la table de tri. En effet lorsque le diamètre des tronçons trieurs en regard est augmenté, l'espacement entre ces tronçons est réduit, Inversement lorsque le diamètre des tronçons trieurs est diminué, l'espacement, et donc l'ouverture du crible deviennent plus grands.Changing the diameter of the sorting sections thus has two distinct effects. A first effect is to modify the spacing between the sorting sections and therefore the opening of the screen of the sorting table. In fact, when the diameter of the facing sorting sections is increased, the spacing between these sections is reduced. Conversely, when the diameter of the sorting sections is reduced, the spacing, and therefore the opening of the screen, become larger.
Un agencement régulier des rouleaux trieurs permet notamment de prévoir une ouverture uniforme du crible. Ceci n'est toutefols pas une caractéristique nécessaire. On peut envisager de régler la table de tri avec une ouverture croissante ou décroissante du crible le long d'un axe parallèle à la direction de convoyage, par exemple.A regular arrangement of the sorting rollers makes it possible in particular to provide a uniform opening of the screen. This is however not a characteristic necessary. It is possible to envisage adjusting the sorting table with an increasing or decreasing opening of the screen along an axis parallel to the conveying direction, for example.
Un deuxième effet de la modification du diamètre des tronçons trieurs est un changement de la vitesse de convoyage de la récolte sur la table de tri.A second effect of modifying the diameter of the sorting sections is a change in the conveying speed of the harvest on the sorting table.
En effet, pour une même vitesse de rotation des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, la vitesse tangentielle à la surface des tronçons trieurs augmente avec le diamètre de ces tronçons trieurs. Or, une vitesse tangentielle plus grande a pour effet d'entrainer un convoyage plus rapide de la récolte depuis une zone de déversement en direction d'une extrémité de sortie de la table de tri.Indeed, for the same speed of rotation of the conveyor-sorting rollers, the tangential speed at the surface of the sorting sections increases with the diameter of these sorting sections. Now, a greater tangential speed has the effect of bringing about a faster conveying of the harvest from a dumping zone in the direction of an outlet end of the sorting table.
Il convient accessoirement de préciser que le convoyage peut aussi être assuré, sur une partie de la table de tri par des rouleaux convoyeurs simples qui n'ont pas de fonction de tri des fruits, mais simplement une fonction de convoyage et éventuellement une fonction de répartition des fruits et débris à l'entrée du crible, voire une fonction de tri de liquides ou de petits débris de plus petite taille que les fruits, comme les pépins et la jus de raisin dans le cas d'une vendange, par exemple. Ces rouleaux sont de préférence prévus à rentrée de la table dans une zone de déversement et de répartition de la récolte ou de la vendange. Ils sont dépourvus de passages permettant aux fruits de traverser la table de tri, mals peuvent comporter des passages plus étroits permettant l'écoulement de jus ou la traversée de débris de taille plus petite que les fruits tels que des pépins ou des noyaux.Incidentally, it should be specified that the conveying can also be ensured, on part of the sorting table by simple conveyor rollers which have no fruit sorting function, but simply a conveying function and possibly a distribution function fruit and debris at the entrance to the screen, or even a sorting function for liquids or small debris smaller than the fruit, such as seeds and grape juice in the case of a harvest, for example. These rollers are preferably provided when the screed is retracted into a zone for dumping and distributing the harvest or grapes. They have no passages allowing the fruit to pass through the sorting table, but may include narrower passages allowing the flow of juice or the passage of debris smaller in size than the fruit, such as pips or pits.
Par ailleurs, on peut noter que tous les tronçons de tous les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs ne sont pas nécessairement à diamètre ajustable. Une alternance de tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable et de tronçons trieurs à diamètre fixe, selon un axe parallèle à une direction de convoyage sur la table de tri, bien que constituant une solution moins favorable, peut auffire à l'ajustage du crible de la table de tri.Furthermore, it may be noted that all the sections of all the conveyor-sorter rollers are not necessarily of adjustable diameter. An alternation of adjustable-diameter sorting sections and fixed-diameter sorting sections, along an axis parallel to a conveying direction on the sorting table, although constituting a less favorable solution, can suffice for adjusting the screen of the table of sorting.
Les tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable comportent de préférence une paroi externe déformable. Cette paroi peut être formée par une gaine, un manchon ou une membrane en une matière élastique naturelle ou un élastomère thermoplastique, par exemple, en caoutchouc ou en polyuréthane. Le caractère déformable de la parol permet de s'adapter au diamètre du tronçon trieur tout en constituent une enveloppe étanche aux jus des fruits convoyés. L'étanchéité favorise le nettoyage de la table de tri et protège les organes internes des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs.The adjustable-diameter sorting sections preferably comprise a deformable outer wall. This wall can be formed by a sheath, a sleeve or a membrane in a natural elastic material or an elastomer. thermoplastic, for example, rubber or polyurethane. The deformable nature of the floor makes it possible to adapt to the diameter of the sorter section while constituting a sealed envelope for the juices of the fruit conveyed. The seal promotes cleaning of the sorting table and protects the internal parts of the conveyor-sorter rollers.
Selon une mise en œuvre préférée de l'invention, la table de tri, et en particulier le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable, peut comporter une source de fluide à pression contrôlée reliée respectivement à une chambre interne des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs pourvus de tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable. Dans ce cas, la chambre interne est en communication fluidique avec la parol déformable. Ainsi, le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut agir en modifiant la pression du fluide dans la chambre interne des rouleaux convoyeurs trieurs. La modification de la pression du fluide permet de déformer la parol déformable et d'ajuster ainsi le diamètre des tronçons trieurs. La déformation peut s'apparenter à un gonflement ou un dégonflement de la paroi déformable d'un tronçon trieur.According to a preferred implementation of the invention, the sorting table, and in particular the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter, may comprise a source of fluid at controlled pressure respectively connected to an internal chamber of the conveyor rollers - sorters fitted with sorting sections with adjustable diameter. In this case, the internal chamber is in fluid communication with the deformable floor. Thus, the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections can act by modifying the pressure of the fluid in the internal chamber of the sorting conveyor rollers. The modification of the pressure of the fluid makes it possible to deform the deformable floor and thus to adjust the diameter of the sorting sections. The deformation may be similar to swelling or deflation of the deformable wall of a sorter section.
La source de fluide à pression contrôlée peut être, par exemple, une source sous pression ou sous dépression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique. Il peut s'agir, de préférence, d'une source d'air sous pression. Le fluide peut aussi être un liquide, comme de l'eau ou de l'huile, par exemple.The pressure-controlled fluid source can be, for example, a source under pressure or under vacuum relative to atmospheric pressure. This may preferably be a pressurized air source. The fluid can also be a liquid, such as water or oil, for example.
La parol externe déformable des tronçons trieurs peut constituer également une parol de la chambre interne mentionnée ci-dessus.The deformable outer floor of the sorting sections can also constitute a floor of the internal chamber mentioned above.
Selon une autre possibilité, la chambre interne peut présenter une paroi rigide, la parol externe déformable formant une gaine autour de la parol rigide. La gaine peut se présenter sous la forme d'un manchon ou d'une membrane décrits plus loin.According to another possibility, the internal chamber may have a rigid wall, the deformable external wall forming a sheath around the rigid wall. The sheath can take the form of a sleeve or a membrane, described below.
Selon une réalisation préférée des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, ceux-ci peuvent comporter une pluralité de tronçons trieurs ménagés le long d'un axe de rouleau. Dans ce cas, les tronçons trieurs sont respectivement séparés par des collerettes annulaires faisant saillie sur les tronçons trieurs.According to a preferred embodiment of the conveyor-sorter rollers, these may comprise a plurality of sorting sections arranged along a roller axis. In this case, the sorting sections are respectively separated by annular collars projecting from the sorting sections.
Las collerettes annulaires favorisent le passage sélectif des fruits à travers la table de tri, c'est-à-dire dans les espacements ménagés entre les rouleaux trieurs. Elles permettent aussi le convoyage des débris volumineux.Las annular collars promote the selective passage of fruit through the sorting table, that is to say in the spaces between the sorting rollers. They also allow the conveyance of bulky debris.
Les collerettes annulaires, qui peuvent présenter de préférence un diamètre supérieur au diamètre maximum des rouleaux trieurs, participent également au convoyage de la récolte sur la table de tri.The annular flanges, which may preferably have a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of the sorting rollers, also participate in the conveying of the harvest on the sorting table.
Par ailleurs, les collerettes annulairas de rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs adjacents, séparant des tronçons trieurs en regard, peuvent être sensiblement alignées selon des plans perpendiculaires aux rouleaux de convoyage, et présenter des arêtes sensiblement adjacentes.Furthermore, the annular flanges of adjacent conveyor-sorter rollers, separating facing sorting sections, can be substantially aligned along planes perpendicular to the conveyor rollers, and have substantially adjacent edges.
On considère que les collerettes annulaires présentant des arrêtes sensiblement adjacentes lorsque les arrêtes sont mutuellement alignées perpendiculairement à l'axe des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs mais aussi lorsque tes arrêtes sont légèrement décalées perpendiculairement à l'axe des rouleaux convoyeurs dans le plan médian de la table de tri et au voisinage de ce plan. Dans ce dernier cas, les collerettes de rouleaux adjacente sont dans une configuration imbriquée en présentant aussi des flancs mutuellement adjacents.It is considered that the annular collars having substantially adjacent edges when the edges are mutually aligned perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor-sorter rollers but also when your edges are slightly offset perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor rollers in the median plane of the table of sorting and in the vicinity of this plane. In the latter case, the adjacent roller flanges are in a nested configuration also having mutually adjacent flanks.
Il convient de préciser que dans des réalisations particulières de la table de tri de l'invention, il est possible de configurer les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs sans collerettes ou de les configurer de sorte que chaque rouleau convoyeur-trieur ne comporte qu'un unique tronçon trieur. Dans la suite de la description il est fait référence toutefois à des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs avec une pluralité de tronçons trieurs, séparés respectivement per une pluralité de collerettes. Chaque tronçon trieur comprend ainsi une collerette à chacune de ses extrémités et deux tronçons trieurs successifs sont séparés par une même collerette.It should be specified that in particular embodiments of the sorting table of the invention, it is possible to configure the conveyor-sorter rollers without collars or to configure them so that each conveyor-sorter roller comprises only a single section sorter. In the remainder of the description, however, reference is made to conveyor-sorter rollers with a plurality of sorting sections, separated respectively by a plurality of flanges. Each sorter section thus comprises a flange at each of its ends and two successive sorter sections are separated by the same flange.
Selon une réalisation particulière des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, chaque tronçon trieur peut présenter une membrane montée entre deux collerettes annulaires successives, les membranes des tronçons trieurs formant alors la parol déformable du tronçon trieur.According to a particular embodiment of the conveyor-sorter rollers, each sorter section may have a membrane mounted between two successive annular collars, the membranes of the sorting sections then forming the deformable floor of the sorter section.
Selon une autre possibilité, les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs peuvent comporter un manchon formant la parol déformable respectivement d'une pluralité de tronçons trieurs.According to another possibility, the conveyor-sorter rollers may comprise a sleeve forming the deformable floor respectively of a plurality of sorting sections.
Dans ce cas, le manchon peut présenter des zones de surépaisseur formant directement les collerettes annulaires.In this case, the sleeve may have extra thickness zones directly forming the annular collars.
Selon une autre possibilité le manchon peut aussi présenter des gorges annulaires dans lesquelles sont rapportées les collerettes annulaires.According to another possibility, the sleeve may also have annular grooves in which the annular collars are attached.
Plutôt que d'être rapportée sur une membrane commune à plusieurs tronçons trieurs, les collerettes annulaires peuvent encore être montées sur un arbre central des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs. L'arbre central peut être constitué, par exemple, par la chambre interne à paroi rigide mentionnée précédemment.Rather than being attached to a membrane common to several sorting sections, the annular flanges can also be mounted on a central shaft of the conveyor-sorting rollers. The central shaft can be constituted, for example, by the rigid-walled internal chamber mentioned above.
Dans le cas de collerettes annulaires montées sur un arbre central, celles-ci peuvent présenter respectivement une base cylindrique sensiblement ajustée à l'arbre central. La base cylindrique peut alors s'étendre sous la parol déformable et former une entretoise entre les collerettes annulaires.In the case of annular collars mounted on a central shaft, these may respectively have a cylindrical base substantially fitted to the central shaft. The cylindrical base can then extend under the deformable floor and form a spacer between the annular flanges.
De manière à améliorer une étanchéité par rapport à du jus des fruits s'écoulent sur les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, les collerettes annulaires peuvent présenter au moins une lèvre annulaire souple venant en appui sur un tronçon trieurs adjacent. La lèvre est souple de manière à pouvoir s'adapter à des variations du diamètre du tronçon trieur. Une telle lèvre souple peut être prévue sur les deux côtés d'une collerette séparant deux tronçons trieurs.In order to improve sealing with respect to fruit juice flowing over the conveyor-sorter rollers, the annular flanges may have at least one flexible annular lip bearing against an adjacent sorting section. The lip is flexible so as to be able to adapt to variations in the diameter of the sorter section. Such a flexible lip can be provided on both sides of a collar separating two sorting sections.
Les tronçons trieurs peuvent être pourvus de reliefs. Il s'agit, par exemple de picots, ou de nervures s'étsndant selon des plans contenant un axe du rouleau convoyeur-trieur.The sorting sections can be provided with reliefs. These are, for example, pins or ribs extending along planes containing an axis of the conveyor-sorter roller.
De tels reliefs permettent une meilleure prise avec les fruits à trier et favorisent leur passage à travers la table de tri.Such reliefs allow a better grip with the fruits to be sorted and facilitate their passage through the sorting table.
Les reliefs peuvent être réalisés d'une seule pièce avec la parol déformable des tronçons trieurs. Il peut aussi d'agir de reliefs rapportée sur la parol et réalisées en un matériau plus dur que la parol déformable. L'utilisation d'un matériau plus dur permet, le ces échéant de retarder une usure de la parol déformable.The reliefs can be made in one piece with the deformable floor of the sorting sections. It can also act of reliefs brought back on the floor and carried out in a harder material than deformable floor. The use of a harder material makes it possible, if necessary, to delay wear of the deformable floor.
Comme indiqué précédemment, la modification du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut être opérée au moyen d'un fluide sous pression ou d'un fluide sous dépression.As indicated above, the modification of the diameter of the sorting sections can be carried out by means of a fluid under pressure or a fluid under vacuum.
Le diamètre peut aussi être modifié par des moyens mécaniques sans utiliser de fluide.The diameter can also be changed by mechanical means without the use of fluid.
A titre d'exemple, la table de tri peut comporter des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs avec une succession alternée, selon un motif de succession, de tronçons trieurs et de collerettes annulaires saillantes séparant les tronçons trieurs, et le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs peut comporter un arbre d'actionnement interne, concentrique à la paroi déformable des tronçons trieurs et aux collerettes annulaires, l'arbre d'actionnement étant pourvu de bossages espacés selon le même motif de succession. Dans ce cas, l'arbre d'actionnement présente respectivement par rapport à la paroi déformable, par rapport aux tronçons trieurs et aux collerettes, une liberté de coullssement axial entre une première position dans laquelle les bossages sont reçus dans des logements adjacents aux collerettes annulaires et au moins une deuxième position dans laquelle les bossages coïncident avec les tronçons trieurs.By way of example, the sorting table may comprise conveyor-sorter rollers with an alternating succession, according to a pattern of succession, of sorting sections and projecting annular flanges separating the sorting sections, and the section diameter control device sorters may include an internal actuating shaft, concentric with the deformable wall of the sorting sections and with the annular flanges, the actuating shaft being provided with bosses spaced apart according to the same pattern of succession. In this case, the actuating shaft has respectively with respect to the deformable wall, with respect to the sorting sections and to the collars, a freedom of axial sliding between a first position in which the bosses are received in housings adjacent to the annular collars and at least a second position in which the bosses coincide with the sorting sections.
Lorsque les bossages sont reçus dans des logements adjacents aux collerettes annulaires, la parol déformable n'est pas contrainte et peut venir se rétracter, sur une surface d'appui formée, par exemple, par une parol interne rigide ou formée directement par les parties de l'arbre interne dépourvues de bossages.When the bosses are received in housings adjacent to the annular collars, the deformable floor is not constrained and can come to retract, on a bearing surface formed, for example, by a rigid internal floor or formed directly by the parts of the internal shaft devoid of bosses.
A l'inverse, lorsque les bossages coïncident avec les tronçons trieurs, et en particulier avec le milieu des tronçons trieurs, les bossages de l'arbre d'actlonnement viennent soulever la paroi déformable pour augmenter le diamètre des tronçons trieurs.Conversely, when the bosses coincide with the sorting sections, and in particular with the middle of the sorting sections, the bosses of the actuating shaft lift the deformable wall to increase the diameter of the sorting sections.
On considère que les logements pour les bossages sont adjacents aux collerettes annulaires lorsqu'ils sont prévue au voisinage immédiat des collerettes, par exemple sous un bord des tronçons trieurs, ou lorsque les logements sont sous les collerettes annulaires.It is considered that the housings for the bosses are adjacent to the annular collars when they are provided in the immediate vicinity of the collars, for example under an edge of the sorting sections, or when the housings are under the annular collars.
Les possibilités de mise en œuvre de l'invention décrites ci-dessus font appel essentiellement à une paroi déformable des tronçons trieurs. Il s'agit de possibilités préférées de mise en œuvre de l'invention. Toutefois, il convient de noter que la présence d'une parol déformable n'est pas indispensable.The possibilities of implementation of the invention described above make use essentially of a deformable wall of the sorting sections. These are preferred possibilities for implementing the invention. However, it should be noted that the presence of a deformable floor is not essential.
La table de tri peut, en effet. être conçue avec des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs comprenant :
- un arbre central cylindrique présentant un premier diamètre,
- des colerettes annulaires saillantes agencées le long de l'arbre central, en ménagsant respectivement entre elles des espacements, et le dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable, peut comporter :
- une pluralité de manchons coaxiaux à l'arbre central, présentant un deuxième diamètre supérieur au premier diamètre,
- a cylindrical central shaft having a first diameter,
- projecting annular flanges arranged along the central shaft, respectively providing spacing between them, and the device for controlling the diameter of the adjustable-diameter sorting sections, may comprise:
- a plurality of sleeves coaxial with the central shaft, having a second diameter greater than the first diameter,
Dans ce cas, les tronçons trieurs sont formée sélectivement par l'un de l'arbre central et des manchons dans la deuxième position. Lorsque les manchons sont escamotés, l'arbre central constitue des tronçons trieurs avec un premier diamètre. A l'inverse, lorsque les manchons sont étendus entre les collerettes annulaires, ce sont les manchons qui constituent, en quelque sorte, les tronçons trieurs. Les tronçons trieurs présentent, dans ce cas, un deuxième diamètre, celui des manchons, qui est supérieur à celui de l'arbre central sur lequel les manchons coulissent.In this case, the sorting sections are formed selectively by one of the central shaft and the sleeves in the second position. When the sleeves are retracted, the central shaft constitutes sorting sections with a first diameter. Conversely, when the sleeves are extended between the annular collars, it is the sleeves which constitute, in a way, the sorting sections. The sorting sections have, in this case, a second diameter, that of the sleeves, which is greater than that of the central shaft on which the sleeves slide.
Les manchons font ainsi partie à la fois du dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs et des tronçons trieurs eux-mêmes dont ils augmentent le diamètre.The sleeves thus form part both of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections and of the sorting sections themselves, the diameter of which they increase.
Une telle mise en œuvre de l'invention se prête peu au tri de fruits à jus, car les mécanismes qui ne sont pas protégés par une paroi ou une membrane sont sujets à des salissures et offrent des possibilités de nettoyages plus compliquées.Such an implementation of the invention does not lend itself well to sorting fruit for juice, because the mechanisms which are not protected by a wall or a membrane are subject to dirt and offer more complicated cleaning possibilities.
Toutefois une telle table de tri peut se prêter au tri de fruits secs, tels que des noix, par exemple.However, such a sorting table can lend itself to the sorting of dried fruits, such as nuts, for example.
L'invention concerne également un rouleau convoyeur trieur, pour une table de tri telle que décrite ci-dessus comprenant des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable.The invention also relates to a sorter conveyor roller, for a sorting table as described above comprising sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantagée de l'invention rassortent de la description qui suit, en référence aux figures des dessins. Cette description est donnée à titre illustratif et non limitatif.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the figures of the drawings. This description is given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes.
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La
figure 1 est une coupe schématique longitudinale d'une table de tri conforme à l'invention.Thefigure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a sorting table according to the invention. -
Les
figures 2A et 2B sont des vues de dessus de rouleaux convoyeurs trieurs d'une partie de la table de tri de lafigure 1 .Thefigures 2A and 2B are top views of sorting conveyor rollers of part of the sorting table of thefigure 1 . -
La
figure 3 est une coupe axiale d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur de la table de tri.Thepicture 3 is an axial section of a sorter conveyor roller of the sorting table. -
La
figure 4 est une vue partielle d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur, avec un arraché partiel, illustrant une possibilité de réalisation d'un rouleau convoyeur-trieur.Thefigure 4 is a partial view of a sorter conveyor roller, with a partial cutaway, illustrating one possible embodiment of a sorter conveyor roller. -
La
figure 5 est une vue partielle d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur, avec un arraché partiel, illustrant une autre possibilité de réalisation d'un tel rouleau.Thefigure 5 is a partial view of a sorter conveyor roller, with a partial cutaway, illustrating another possible embodiment of such a roller. -
La
figure 6 est une vue partielle d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur, avec un arraché partiel, illustrant encore une autre possibilité de réalisation d'un tel rouleau.Thefigure 6 is a partial view of a sorter conveyor roller, with a partial cutaway, illustrating yet another possible embodiment of such a roller. -
La
figure 7 est une coupe partielle d'un détail du rouleau convoyeur de lafigure 6 .Thefigure 7 is a partial section of a detail of the conveyor roller of thefigure 6 . -
La
figure 8 est une vue partielle d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur, avec un arraché partiel, Illustrant encore une autre possibilité de réalisation d'un tel rouleau.Thefigure 8 is a partial view of a sorter conveyor roller, with a partial cutaway, illustrating yet another possible embodiment of such a roller. -
La
figure 9 est une coupe partielle d'un rouleau convoyeur trieur illustrant encore une autre possibilité de réalisation d'un tel rouleau.Thefigure 9 is a partial section of a sorter conveyor roller illustrating yet another possible embodiment of such a roller.
Les différentes figures sont représentées en échelle libre.The different figures are shown in free scale.
Dans la description qui suit, des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures sont repérées avec les mêmes signes de référence, de manière à faciliter le report d'une figure à l'autre.In the following description, identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures are marked with the same reference signs, so as to facilitate transfer from one figure to another.
La
La table de tri 10 se présente essentiellement sous la forme d'un convoyeur à rouleaux 12, 14 s'étendant de manière sensiblement horizontale d'une première extrémité d'admission 16 jusqu'à une deuxième extrémité de sortie de rebut 18. Une trémie 20, et une première série de rouleaux convoyeurs 14, adjacents et sensiblement jointifs, reçoivent une récolte, par exemple, dans l'exemple illustré par la
A la suite de la première série de rouleaux convoyeurs, se trouve une deuxième série de rouleaux, agencés selon le même plan sensiblement horizontal. Il s'agit de rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs 12. Tout comme les rouleaux convoyeurs 14 de la première série de rouleaux les rouleaux convoyeurs--trleuni 12 sont animés d'un même mouvement de rotation pour assurer le convoyage de la vendange de la première extrémité 16 vers la deuxième extrémité 18 de la table de tri 10. Une direction de convoyage est indiquée avec une flèche 15.Following the first series of conveyor rollers, there is a second series of rollers, arranged along the same substantially horizontal plane. These are conveyor-
Lee rouleaux-convoyeurs trieurs 12 ont une autre fonction qui est de séparer les baies de raisin 24 et des débris 26 qui présentent une taille supérieurs aux baies de raisin et/ou une forme distincte des baies de raisin. Il peut s'agir notamment de débris de forme aplatie, comme des feuilles, de forme allongée, comme des pétioles, voire de débris volumineux, comme des rafles. Comme cela apparait mieux sur les figures suivantes, décrites plus loin, les rouleaux convoyeurs trieurs forment un crible dimensionné pour le passage sélectif des baies de raisin 24 à travers la table de tri. Il convient de noter que des débris de taille inférieurs ou égale aux baies de raisins, comme des pépins ou de petits morceaux de rafles ou de feuilles, par exemple, peuvent également traverser le crible.Lee conveyor-
Comme le montre la
Les débris 26, de par leur facteur de forme, leur poids et/ou leur dimension, ne passent pas à travers le crible formé par les rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs 14 et atteignent la deuxième extrémité 18 de la table de tri qui correspond au rebut. Les débris 26 y sont collectés, dans un réceptacle, non représenté, en vue de leur élimination ou de leur valorisation séparée. Dans le cas d'une table de tri embarquée sur une machine, les débris sont simplement évacués en dehors de la machine.The debris 26, due to their form factor, their weight and/or their size, do not pass through the screen formed by the conveyor-sorter rollers 14 and reach the second end 18 of the sorting table which corresponds to the scrap. The debris 26 is collected there, in a receptacle, not shown, with a view to their elimination or their separate recovery. In the case of a sorting table on board a machine, the debris is simply evacuated outside the machine.
Un bon réglage du crible de la table de tri permet de recueillir l'ensemble des baies sous la table de tri en évitant ainsi la mise au rebut de baies avec les débris en bout de table, c'est-à-dire en la deuxième extrémité 18 de la table de tri.Proper adjustment of the sorting table sieve makes it possible to collect all the berries under the sorting table, thus avoiding the disposal of berries with debris at the end of the table, i.e. in the second end 18 of the sorting table.
Un crible trop fermé conduit à la mise au rebut de baies de raisin ou plus généralement de fruits qui auraient dû traverser la table. Inversement, un crible trop ouvert, conduit au passage non souhaité de débris à travers la table de tri avec les baies de raisin.A sieve that is too closed leads to the scrapping of grape berries or more generally fruit that should have crossed the table. Conversely, a screen that is too open leads to unwanted passage of debris through the sorting table with the grape berries.
Une possibilité de réglage du crible de la table de tri, conformément à l'invention est mieux comprise en comparant les
Les
On peut observer que chaque rouleau convoyeur trieur 12 comprend une pluralité de tronçons trieurs 30. Les tronçons trieurs 30 d'un même rouleau sont délimités respectivement par des collerettes annulaires 32. Les collerettes 32 et les tronçons trieurs 30 présentent une symétrie de révolution autour de l'axe 11 du rouleau convoyeur-trieur 12 correspondant. Les collerettes 32 présentent un diamètre supérieur au diamètre moyen des tronçons trieurs 30.It can be observed that each
Les collerettes annulaires 32 des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs 12 adjacents sont sensiblement alignées selon des plans 35 perpendiculaires aux axes 11 des rouleaux convoyeurs trieurs 12 de sorte que leurs arêtes respectives 34 sont sensiblement adjacentes dans un plan médian de la table de tri comprenant les axes des rouleaux convoyeurs trieurs 12, et au voisinage de ce plan. Dans l'exemple de réalisation Illustré par les
Les tronçons trieurs 30 des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs adjacents et les collerettes annulaires 32 qui les séparant délimitent ainsi des espacements ou des ouvertures 36 dans la table de tri à travers lesquels les baies de raisin, ou plus généralement les fruits, peuvent passer, notamment par gravité, lors du convoyage de la récolte ou de la vendange.The sorting
La disposition régulière des tronçons trieurs 30 et des collerettes 32 font que les espacements 36 constituent un maillage régulier du crible de la table de tri.The regular arrangement of the sorting
Conformément à l'invention, le diamètre des tronçons trieurs est ajustable. Dans l'exemple de réalisation des
La
Le rouleau comprend un arbre central 50 formé, pour l'essentiel, par un tube cylindrique allongé 53. Le tube 53 est par exemple un tube en acier inoxydable, en aluminium ou un tube en fibres composites. Sur l'arbre central 50 est emmanché un manchon 54 en une matière naturelle ou un élastomère thermoplastique déformable, par exemple en caoutchouc ou en polyuréthane, de préférence compatible au contact de matières alimentaires. Les extrémités du tube cylindrique 53 sont obturées par des bouchons 62, 64, partiellement emmanchée dans le tube cylindrique 53 et liés en rotation avec le tube au moyen de goupilles 40. Un premier bouchon 62 reçoit un embout 66 pour la réception d'un palier de roulement non représenté, et destiné au montage du rouleau convoyeur-trieur 12 sur un châssis de la table de tri. L'extrémité opposée du tube cylindrique 53 reçoit un deuxième bouchon 64, également susceptible de recevoir un paller de roulement non représenté.The roller comprises a central shaft 50 essentially formed by an elongated cylindrical tube 53. The tube 53 is for example a tube made of stainless steel, aluminum or a tube made of composite fibers. On the central shaft 50 is fitted a sleeve 54 made of a natural material or a deformable thermoplastic elastomer, for example rubber or polyurethane, preferably compatible with contact with food materials. The ends of the cylindrical tube 53 are closed by plugs 62, 64, partially fitted into the cylindrical tube 53 and connected in rotation with the tube by means of
Le manchon 54 est maintenu sur des extrémités de l'arbre central 50 et plus précisément sur une partie des bouchons 62, 64. Une jonction étanche est réalisée au moyen de colliers 56, conjuguée à des joints 42, par exemple des joints toriques, et disposés sur les bouchons 62, 64. Le manchon 54 constitue une parol externe déformable d'une chambre interne 52. La chambre interne 52 est également délimitée par une parol rigide, opposée à la paroi déformable, et formée le tube cylindrique 53 de l'arbre central 50.Le manchon 54 forme les tronçons trieurs 30. La chambre interne 52 s'étend entre le manchon 54 et l'arbre central 50, et présents des compartiments dans chaque tronçon trieur 30 du rouleau convoyeur trieur.The sleeve 54 is held on the ends of the central shaft 50 and more precisely on part of the plugs 62, 64. A sealed junction is made by means of collars 56, combined with seals 42, for example O-rings, and arranged on the plugs 62, 64. The sleeve 54 constitutes a deformable external wall of an internal chamber 52. The internal chamber 52 is also delimited by a rigid wall, opposite to the deformable wall, and formed the cylindrical tube 53 of the central shaft 50. The sleeve 54 forms the sorting
Le manchon 54 présente des gorges annulaires 58 entre les tronçons trieurs 30. Les gorges annulaires 58 reçoivent les collerettes annulaires 32. Dans l'exemple de la
Le deuxième bouchon 64 comprend un canal 70 à partir d'un embout 72. Le canal 70 est relié à la chambre interne 52 par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs passages 60 traversant le bouchon 64. Le canal 70 est ainsi en communication fluidique avec la chambre interne 52 et avec le manchon 54. Le passage 60 représenté sur la
L'embout 72 est monté sur le deuxième bouchon 64 par l'intermédiaire d'un Joint tournant 74. Il est également relié à une source de fluide 76 à pression contrôlée représentée de manière symbolique. La source de fluide sous pression constitue, ou pour le moins fait partie, dans ce mode de réalisation, d'un dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable. La source de fluide 76 à pression contrôlée peut être, par exemple, une installation en énergie pneumatique d'une cave, avec une vanne de pression. Elle peut aussi comporter un compresseur et un réservoir d'air sous pression ou une pompe à vide.The end piece 72 is mounted on the second cap 64 via a rotary joint 74. It is also connected to a source of
La source de fluide peut encore comporter un bloc répartiteur d'air et des limiteurs de pressions de manière à alimenter avec des pressions différentes les différents rouleaux trieurs 12 ou différents groupes de rouleaux trieurs 12.The fluid source may also include an air distributor unit and pressure limiters so as to supply the
Enfin, le deuxième bouchon 64 reçoit un pignon d'entrainement 78 destiné à entrainer le rouleau convoyeur-trieur 12 en rotation. Le pignon d'entrainement est relié à un moteur 80 électrique ou hydraulique, représenté symboliquement par une transmission à chaine ou à engrenages par exemple. Le moteur 80 peut être doté d'un variateur de vitesse pour faire varier la vitesse de rotation des rouleaux convoyeur-trieur 12.Finally, the second stopper 64 receives a
Lorsque la source de fluide à pression contrôlée 76 est en surpression par rapport à l'environnement, le fluide sous pression entre dans la chambre interne 52 du rouleau convoyeur-trieur pour venir dilater le manchon 54. Le manchon est gonflé, à l'Instar d'une chambre à air. Toutefois, en raison des collerettes 32 qui retiennent le manchon 54 à la hauteur de ses gorges 58, la dilatation du manchon est limitée aux tronçons trieurs 30 et en particuller au milieu des tronçons trieurs. Il en résulte néanmoins une augmentation du diamètre moyen des tronçons trieurs par déformation du manchon vers l'extérieur.When the pressure-controlled
Lors d'un relâchement de la pression, l'élasticité du manchon le fait retrouver sa position représentée à la
La
La
Enfin, la
Les reliefs 82 sur les tronçons trieurs sont des nervures qui s'étendent selon des plans contenant un axe de rotation 11 du rouleau-trieur 12. Ils sont réalisés de préférence dans la même matière que celle du manchon 54. Ils peuvent aussi être réalisés en un matérieu plus dur que celui du manchon 54. Il s'agit par exemple de la même matière plastique que les collerettes 32. Les nervures des tronçons trieurs participant également à l'entrainement des fruits à travers le crible de la table de tri.The reliefs 82 on the sorting sections are ribs which extend along planes containing an axis of
Les reliefs 84 sur les arêtes des collerettes 32 sont des picots, avec un espacement angulaire régulier. Ils servant au convoyage de la récolte ou de la vendange à trier et participent à une orientation des débris en réduisant leur risque de passage à travers le crible de la table de tri.The reliefs 84 on the edges of the
La
Un arraché de la
La base cylindrique 90 a également une fonction d'espacement des collerettes 32. En effet les différentes collerettes 32 sont emmanchées sur l'arbre central 50, respectivement avec leurs bases cylindriques 90 en contact. Les collerettes 32 se trouvent ainsi à distance égale les unes des autres.The
Les tronçons-trieurs 30 sont formés par des membranes annulaires 92 solidaires respectivement de deux collerettes 32 successives. Les membranes 92 présentent des extrémités logées dans des gorges annulaires 94 pratiquées de part et d'autre de chaque collerette 32 au voisinage de sa base cylindrique 90. Elles forment des gaines autour de l'arbre central et présentent une symétrie de révolution. L'espace compris entre les membranes annulaires 92 et les bases cylindriques 90 des collerettes 32 définit de multiples chambres internes 52 correspondant respectivement à des tronçons trieurs 30.The sorting
On peut noter la présence de passages 60 pratiqués à la fois dans le tube cylindrique 53 de l'arbre central 50 et dans les bases cylindriques 90 des collerettes 32. Les passages 60 permettent de mettre en communication fluidique l'espace interne 51 du tube cylindrique 53 avec les différentes chambres internes 52 du rouleau convoyeurs-trieur 12 et ainsi avec la face interne des membranes 92.One can note the presence of
Lors d'une mise sous pression des chambres internes 52, le fluide sous pression, par exemple de l'air sous pression, vient dilater les membranes 92. Ceci a pour effet d'augmenter le diamètre moyen des tronçons trieurs 30. Comme les extrémités des membranes 92 sont maintenues dans les gorges annulaires 94 des collerettes, les membranes se déforment essentiellement en leur milieu.When the internal chambers 52 are pressurized, the pressurized fluid, for example pressurized air, expands the
La
Le mode de réalisation de la
L'arbre central 60, bien que présentant une symétrie de révolution n'est pas cylindrique. Il présente un relief ondulé, obtenu, par exemple, par hydroformage. Le relief de l'arbre central correspond à l'alternance des tronçons trieurs 30 et des collerettes 32. Cette disposition permet de maintenir la distance des tronçons trieurs 30.The
La
La
Dans le mode de réalisation de la
Dans un mode de réalisation alternatif non représenté, les tronçons trieurs 30 peuvent être formés par l'association d'un manchon 54 et de colerettes 32 similaires à ceux de la
La
Comme le rouleau convoyeur trieur des
A l'intérieur de l'arbre central 50 se trouve un arbre d'actionnement 100 conœntrique. L'arbre d'actionnement 100 est pourvu d'une pluralité de bossages 102 agencés d'une part selon is même motif de succession que les tronçons trieurs et les collerettes et d'autre part répartis angulairement de façon uniforme dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 11 du rouleau convoyeur-trisur. En d'autres termes, l'espacement des bossages 102 le long de l'axe 102 correspond ici à celui des collerettes 32 et aussi à celui des tronçons trieurs 30. Les bossages 102 traversent l'arbre central 50 dans des lumières 110 prévues à cet effet.Inside the central shaft 50 is a
L'arbre d'actionnement 100 présente, par rapport à l'arbre central 50, une liberté de coulissement indiquée par une double flèche 104. L'arbre d'actionnement peut ainsi coulisser entre une première position dans laquelle les bossages 102 sont situés dans un logement 106 au voisinage des collerettes 32, au bord des tronçons trieurs 30, et une deuxième position dans laquelle les bossages 102 sont sensiblement alignés avec le milieu des tronçons trieurs 30.The
Dans la première position, qui est celle visible sur la
Dans la deuxième position, les bossages 102 de l'arbre d'actionnement soulèvent la parol des tronçons trieurs 30 en leur milieu, par rapport à l'axe 11. Ce soulèvement a pour effet d'augmenter le diamètre des tronçons trieurs, notamment en réduisant ou en annulant leur concavité.In the second position, the
L'arbre d'actionnement des rouleaux convoyeurs-trieurs, peut être mu entre la première position et la deuxième position, par exemple, par une commande électromagnétique, une commande mécanique, une commande pneumatique ou une commande hydraulique, pour l'ajustement du diamètre des tronçons trieurs et donc de l'ouverture du crible de la table de tri qui en eet équipée. Ces organes font partie du dispositif de commande du diamètre des tronçons trieurs à diamètre ajustable.The actuating shaft of the conveyor-sorting rollers can be moved between the first position and the second position, for example, by an electromagnetic control, a mechanical control, a pneumatic control or a hydraulic control, for the adjustment of the diameter sorting sections and therefore the opening of the screen of the sorting table which is equipped with it. These members are part of the device for controlling the diameter of the sorting sections with adjustable diameter.
Claims (18)
- A sorting table (10) with an adjustable screen, for fruit, comprising a succession of conveyor-sorter rollers (12) arranged according to a sorting plan, and parallel to each other, the conveyor-sorter rollers each having at least one sorter section (30), a spacing (36) being formed respectively between opposite sorter sections (30), of successive conveyor-sorter rollers (12), for a selective passage of fruit through the table, via said spacing, the sorting table comprising conveyor-sorter rollers provided with sorter sections (30) with an adjustable diameter, characterised in that it comprises a device (76, 100, 102) for controlling the diameter of the adjustable-diameter sorter sections.
- The sorting table according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable-diameter sorter sections include a deformable wall (54, 92, 96),
- The sorting table according to claim 2, wherein the device for controlling the diameter of the adjustable-diameter sorter sections comprises a pressure-controlled fluid source (76) connected respectively to at least one inner chamber (52) of the conveyor-sorter rollers (12) provided with adjustable-diameter sorter sections (30), the inner chamber (52) being in fluid communication with the deformable wall (54, 92, 96).
- The sorting table according to claim 3, wherein the deformable wall (54, 92, 96) constitutes a wall of the inner chamber (52).
- The sorting table according to claim 3, wherein the inner chamber (52) has a rigid wall (53), the deformable wall (54, 92, 96) forming a sheath around the rigid wall.
- The sorting table according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the conveyor-sorter rollers (12) include a plurality of sorter sections (30) formed along a roller axis (11), the sorter sections being respectively separated by annular flanges (32) protruding from the sorter sections (30).
- The sorting table according to claim 6, wherein the annular flanges (32) of adjacent conveyor-sorter rollers (12), separating opposite sorter sections, are substantially aligned according to planes (35) which are perpendicular to the conveyor-sorter rollers, and have substantially adjacent edges (34).
- The sorting table according to claim 6, wherein the annular flanges (32) are mounted on a central shaft (50) .
- The sorting table according to claim 8, wherein the sorter sections (30) include respectively a membrane (92) mounted between two successive annular flanges (32), the membranes of the sorter sections forming said deformable wall.
- The sorting table according to claim 8, wherein the annular flanges (32) have respectively a cylindrical base (90) substantially adjusted to the central shaft (50), the cylindrical base forming a spacer between the annular flanges (32).
- The sorting table according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the conveyor-sorter rollers (12) include a sleeve (54) forming the deformable wall respectively of a plurality of sorter sections (30).
- The sorting table according to claim 11, wherein the sleeve (54) has areas of extra thickness forming the annular flanges (32).
- The sorting table according to claim 11, wherein the sleeve (54) has annular grooves (58), the annular flanges (32) being directly mounted in the annular grooves (58).
- The sorting table according to claim 8, wherein the annular flanges (32) have at least one flexible annular lip (96) bearing on an adjacent sorter section (30) .
- The sorting table according to one of claims 2 to 14, wherein the sorter sections (30) have reliefs (82) .
- The sorting table according to claim 15, wherein the reliefs (82) are made of a harder material than the deformable wall (54, 92, 96).
- The sorting table according to claim 2, comprising conveyor-sorter rollers with an alternating succession, according to a succession pattern, of the sorter sections (30) and protruding annular flanges (32) separating the sorter sections, and wherein the device for controlling the diameter of the adjustable-diameter sorter sections comprises an inner actuating shaft (100), concentric with the deformable wall (54, 92, 96) of the sorter sections (30) and with the annular flanges (32), the actuating shaft being provided with bosses (102) which are spaced according to the succession pattern, and having respectively relative to the deformable wall (54, 92, 96), relative to the sorter sections (30) and relative to the annular flanges (32), a freedom of axial sliding between a first position in which the annular bosses are received in adjacent housings (106) of the annular flanges and at least one second position in which the bosses coincide with the sorter sections.
- The sorting table according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor-sorter rollers comprise:- a cylindrical central shaft having a first diameter,- annular flanges arranged along the central shaft, by forming respectively therebetween spacing, and in which the device for controlling the diameter of the adjustable-diameter sorter sections comprises:- a plurality of sleeves coaxial with the central shaft, having a second diameter which is greater than the first diameter and having, relative to the central shaft, a freedom of sliding respectively between a first position in which the sleeves are retracted under the conveying flanges, and a second position in which the sleeves extend into the spacing between the flanges,the sorter sections being selectively by one of the central shaft and sleeves in the second position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1660277A FR3057787B1 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2016-10-24 | ADJUSTABLE SORTING TABLE |
PCT/FR2017/052571 WO2018078229A1 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2017-09-25 | Sorting table with adjustable screen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3528969A1 EP3528969A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
EP3528969B1 true EP3528969B1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
Family
ID=58162729
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17784366.1A Active EP3528969B1 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2017-09-25 | Sorting table with adjustable screen |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10994307B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3528969B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109963660B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017348761B2 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2019001051A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2926519T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3057787B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018078229A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201901931B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108609227A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-10-02 | 重庆鼎赛输送机械有限公司 | One kind being packed for conveying equipment |
CN110665786B (en) * | 2019-11-23 | 2022-12-13 | 义乌市奥飞创意设计有限公司 | Urea plate caking removal and urea grading screening synchronous device and using method |
CN111744760B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-10 | 湖州国峰智能科技有限公司 | Rabbit dung fish-farming sorting device based on wind energy weed removal |
CN113522730B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-09-06 | 山东锐恒住宅工业科技有限公司 | Recycled aggregate pneumatic controllable multi-stage grading plate and using method thereof |
CN117358570B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-27 | 新乡市昆仑筛分机械设计有限公司 | Roller screen |
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GB1295781A (en) * | 1970-05-07 | 1972-11-08 | ||
NZ233177A (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1992-08-26 | Simco Ramic Corp | Product stabiliser driven from conveyor belt inflatable and of cylindrical form |
US5048674A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-09-17 | Simco/Ramic Corporation | Product stabilizer |
US5390448A (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 1995-02-21 | Sunnen Products Company | Modular expandable honing tool |
US6834764B2 (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2004-12-28 | Acrowood Corporation | Roller screen and method for sorting materials by size |
ES2235602B1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2006-10-01 | Juan Bautista Uso Safont | FRUIT TRAP AND CALIBRATION SYSTEM. |
FR2920278B1 (en) | 2007-08-30 | 2011-03-11 | Pellenc Sa | SHEET ROLLER SORTING TABLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES FROM PRODUCTS OF THE SMALL FRUIT RECOVERY |
GB0903393D0 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2009-04-08 | Clifton Rubber Company Ltd | A roller |
GB201016419D0 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2010-11-10 | Weston David B | Device for separating soil,clod and/or stones from root vegetables or bulbs |
FR2967926B1 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2014-09-12 | Pellenc Sa | ROLLER SORTING SHEET WITH ADJUSTABLE AND ADJUSTABLE SPACING; MACHINERY AND INSTALLATIONS BY APPLYING. |
GB201205338D0 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-05-09 | Weston David B | Device for separating soil, clod and/or stones from root vegetables or bulbs |
CN102989657B (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2016-03-16 | 马琳 | Screening machine sieves axle |
CN103495542A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-01-08 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Grade screening machine for fritillaria ussuriensis maxim |
CN203664165U (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-06-25 | 天津百利阳光环保设备有限公司 | Novel disk screen |
CN105583152A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-18 | 银川博聚工业产品设计有限公司 | Inflatable screen structure |
EP3058834B1 (en) * | 2015-02-19 | 2017-03-22 | C.M.A. S.N.C. di Minnicucci Tommaso Giuseppe & C. | Sorting table for separating fruits from foreign bodies |
-
2016
- 2016-10-24 FR FR1660277A patent/FR3057787B1/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-09-25 AU AU2017348761A patent/AU2017348761B2/en active Active
- 2017-09-25 ES ES17784366T patent/ES2926519T3/en active Active
- 2017-09-25 EP EP17784366.1A patent/EP3528969B1/en active Active
- 2017-09-25 US US16/331,248 patent/US10994307B2/en active Active
- 2017-09-25 WO PCT/FR2017/052571 patent/WO2018078229A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-09-25 CN CN201780065643.6A patent/CN109963660B/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-28 ZA ZA201901931A patent/ZA201901931B/en unknown
- 2019-04-17 CL CL2019001051A patent/CL2019001051A1/en unknown
Also Published As
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ZA201901931B (en) | 2019-11-27 |
WO2018078229A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
US20190240701A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
CN109963660A (en) | 2019-07-02 |
US10994307B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
EP3528969A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
ES2926519T3 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
CN109963660B (en) | 2022-12-20 |
AU2017348761A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
FR3057787A1 (en) | 2018-04-27 |
CL2019001051A1 (en) | 2019-07-19 |
NZ752608A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
FR3057787B1 (en) | 2021-03-05 |
AU2017348761B2 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
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