EP3525997B1 - Method and device for dividing panel-shaped workpieces - Google Patents
Method and device for dividing panel-shaped workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3525997B1 EP3525997B1 EP17840432.3A EP17840432A EP3525997B1 EP 3525997 B1 EP3525997 B1 EP 3525997B1 EP 17840432 A EP17840432 A EP 17840432A EP 3525997 B1 EP3525997 B1 EP 3525997B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- workpieces
- shaped
- workpiece
- milling
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002983 wood substitute Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B5/00—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor
- B27B5/02—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor characterised by a special purpose only
- B27B5/06—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor characterised by a special purpose only for dividing plates in parts of determined size, e.g. panels
- B27B5/065—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor characterised by a special purpose only for dividing plates in parts of determined size, e.g. panels with feedable saw blades, e.g. arranged on a carriage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for dividing plate-shaped workpieces, preferably which have wood or a wood substitute material as the material, into a plurality of smaller workpieces in each case.
- the task arises of dividing plate-shaped workpieces that are manufactured by the manufacturer in a comparatively large format into smaller plate-shaped workpieces whose dimensions correspond to those in which the plate-shaped workpieces are actually required.
- the smaller workpieces resulting from the division are usually semi-finished products themselves, such as in the production of furniture, in which the smaller plate-shaped workpieces are assembled into carcasses or form the rear walls of furniture.
- large-format plate-shaped workpieces have to be correspondingly divided into smaller plate-shaped workpieces.
- the plate-shaped workpieces are usually workpieces made of wood or wood substitute materials, such as chipboard, HDF or MDF panels, laminates or multilayer materials made of the aforementioned and / or other materials.
- plate-shaped workpieces of the type in question can also be cut with milling tools. These can realize almost any straight or curved, but also angled cutting lines in the main plane of extent of such a plate-shaped workpiece.
- An example of such a method is for example in DE 10 2013 007 556 A1 disclosed. With this, very complicated cutting plans can be implemented, which is particularly advantageous with regard to the greatest possible avoidance of waste and the resulting losses. However, they do not reach the high processing speeds of saws.
- the EP 2 147 761 A2 a method in which a narrow side of a plate-shaped workpiece to be divided is first profiled with a milling tool, so that with a zigzag cut the milling tool creates a stepped course of the narrow side in the plane of extension of the plate-shaped workpiece to be divided. From this plate-shaped workpiece, strip-shaped workpieces are then cut off by means of a saw. These are then divided into smaller workpieces with other saws aligned parallel to one another, in that the distances between the saws are aligned with the stepped profiling so that the desired dimensions of the smaller workpieces are created.
- the sawing technology can only partially exploit the advantage of the large processing capacity, since, depending on the complexity of the cutting plan to be generated, the milling tool for profiling the workpiece may delay the processing time, so that in particular the Saws that divide the strip-shaped workpieces into the smaller panels are only used to a limited extent.
- EP 2 193 895 A1 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 3, in which the tools are arranged on a traverse.
- the workpiece is held by a pressure beam. This does not allow a continuous cut perpendicular to the pressure beam.
- the process steps are carried out in one place and thus not spatially separated from one another with intermediate storage, since the tools are arranged on a cross member. This device therefore works relatively ineffectively.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device which, on the one hand, enable a high processing speed when dividing large-format panels, but on the other hand also enable cutting plans to be implemented with little waste.
- the method according to the invention for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of smaller workpieces each provides that a plate-shaped workpiece to be divided is first cut into a plurality of rectangular, strip-shaped workpieces by saw cuts.
- the strip-shaped workpieces have a first pair of opposing narrow sides and a second pair of opposing narrow sides, the first narrow sides, ie the narrow sides of the first pair of opposing narrow sides being longer than the second narrow sides, i.e. the Narrow sides of the second pair of opposite narrow sides.
- the strip-shaped workpieces are divided into the smaller workpieces at the same time in a further process step by a plurality of milling tools.
- the cuts are made parallel to the second narrow sides.
- This further method step takes place after the sawing up of the, in particular large-format, plate-shaped workpiece to be divided.
- the first sawing off of strip-shaped workpieces takes place in such a way that the saw cuts are preferably carried out over the entire width of the large-format starting workpiece.
- each strip-shaped workpiece is initially provided with cutbacks by milling tools or sections of the strip-shaped workpiece that are not required are machined by milling tools.
- the further division then preferably takes place via the plurality of milling tools, as a result of which workpieces that are finished to measure can then be produced and / or waste can be machined in the edge area, which can then be fed to further processing.
- a strip is first separated by sawing from the large-format plate-shaped workpiece in the manner described above and then divided up with the milling tools in the manner described. The division can take place before the cutting off of another by sawing Strip from the large-format plate-shaped workpiece or at the same time.
- the device according to the invention for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of smaller workpieces in each case consequently has a sawing device for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of strip-shaped workpieces in each case.
- the sawing device is designed such that it can make cuts along a first direction. It is preferably a circular saw. This has the advantage of achieving comparatively high cutting performance with straight cuts.
- the device in particular the sawing device, is designed in such a way that the sawing device can carry out the saw cuts along a first direction.
- the workpiece preferably rests relative to the device.
- the plate-shaped workpiece particularly preferably rests in and / or on a feed device for feeding the workpieces to the sawing device.
- This can be a saw table, for example.
- the saw table preferably has suitable conveying and / or positioning means in order to correctly align the plate-shaped workpiece, preferably automatically, with the sawing device or between the passages of the individual saw cuts from one saw cut position to the next.
- the device now has a milling device with a plurality of milling tools for dividing the strip-shaped workpieces into smaller workpieces by a plurality of cuts made at the same time.
- the device in particular the milling device, is preferably designed in such a way that the cuts can be made parallel to a second direction which is at least substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
- the device has an intermediate storage device for intermediate storage of the strip-shaped workpieces. This is preferably arranged along the second direction between the sawing device and the milling device. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the strip-shaped workpieces are first conveyed to an intermediate storage device for the intermediate storage of the workpieces after the division of the plate-shaped workpiece, while at the same time strip-shaped workpieces are conveyed out of the intermediate storage device and fed to the division by the milling tools. The strip-shaped workpieces are conveyed into the intermediate storage device and / or out of the intermediate storage device, preferably in a direction that is at least substantially parallel to the second narrow sides.
- At least substantially parallel means in connection with the present invention, but in particular In connection with the intermediate storage device, especially that slight deviations from the exact parallelism between the course of the narrow sides and the conveying directions, which are caused, for example, by the construction of the conveying devices involved and e.g. cause height differences along the conveying path, should not be significant.
- the intermediate storage device of the device according to the invention is designed in particular according to the FIFO principle (first-in-first-out principle). This means, also analogously for the method according to the invention, that the workpiece that is first conveyed into the intermediate storage device is also led out of it again first, while the second strip-shaped workpiece conveyed into the intermediate storage device is also conveyed second out of the intermediate storage device. The same applies analogously to every further strip-shaped workpiece.
- the intermediate storage device in such a way that it is continuously transported from the sawing device to the milling device.
- the strip-shaped workpieces stored on the transport path in this way make it possible to compensate for different cycle times of the sawing device and the milling device that vary from workpiece to workpiece.
- the sawing device generates strip-shaped workpieces at shorter intervals than the milling device can divide them further, the number of strip-shaped workpieces in the intermediate storage increases or the spacing between the strip-shaped workpieces on the transport path serving as intermediate storage is shortened.
- the cycle time of the sawing device exceeds that of the milling device, the number of temporarily stored workpieces is reduced; in particular, the distances between the transported workpieces can be increased on a correspondingly designed transport route serving as an intermediate storage, for example by increasing the conveying speed relative to the cycle time of the sawing device will.
- An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that between two saw cuts when dividing the plate-shaped workpiece, a saw cut starting from one of the second narrow sides of a strip-shaped workpiece resulting from the dividing of the plate-shaped workpiece is made and ends in the workpiece.
- the sawing device can be used not only to divide the plate-shaped workpiece to be divided into strip-shaped workpieces, but also to further subdivide the strip-shaped workpieces Support workpieces into smaller workpieces.
- the strip-shaped workpieces with the saw cuts introduced in this way when they are divided into the smaller workpieces by the milling device or the milling tools, are then divided in such a way that the end of the saw cut ending in the workpiece ends in an area of the workpiece to be machined by a milling tool.
- a cutting guide is particularly advantageous when the saw cut is connected to one of the two first narrow sides of the strip-shaped workpiece by a cut with a milling tool. In this way, smaller workpieces can be produced from the strip-shaped workpieces with fewer milling cuts and machining time can be saved with suitable cutting plans. In this way, it is also possible to remove scrap in a simple manner, which usually cannot be completely avoided even with more complex cutting plans.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the so-called "piece number 1 production", ie in production in which individual components are made to measure.
- the smaller plate-shaped workpieces regularly represent the semi-finished products for further processing and must be available in a large number of different dimensions.
- a higher-level control can advantageously distribute the dimensions of the smaller workpieces to be produced to the cutting plans in such a way that a cutting plan that is optimized in terms of processing times and / or avoidance of waste results for each plate-shaped workpiece to be divided.
- the cutting plans calculated in this way are then used to control the device according to the invention or used in the execution of the method according to the invention.
- Another advantageous variant of the method according to the invention is to carry out the method, for example, with a plurality, for example two, plate-shaped workpieces lying one on top of the other.
- a significantly more efficient production can thus be made possible if the performance of the sawing device or the milling device is sufficient to cut through a plurality of these plate-shaped workpieces at the same time.
- the same cutting plans are preferably implemented with the workpieces lying one on top of the other.
- Another advantageous variant consists in making cuts with the milling device and / or sawing device in such a way that the plate-shaped workpiece is not completely severed in its thickness direction. In this way, local line-shaped material weaknesses, such as grooves, for example, are introduced into the plate-shaped workpiece. These can then be used, for example, to produce foldable rear panels for furniture production along a line.
- milling tools it is possible to use the milling tools to carry out additional machining operations on the workpieces, for example to introduce profiles and / or receptacles, for example for fittings or furniture hinges, into the smaller plate-shaped workpieces.
- a variant of the present invention is advantageous particularly with regard to the "number of pieces 1 production", in which the feed device for feeding the workpieces to the sawing device has a pivoting device for pivoting the plate-shaped workpieces.
- This is preferably designed so that it can pivot the workpieces about a vertical axis and / or an axis that is at least essentially parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece. Both axes are well suited for the technical realization of a rotation of the workpiece.
- the saw table is arranged horizontally, i.e. the workpiece is fed to the device with its main directions of extent in a horizontal plane, the axes can coincide, i.e. an axis parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece is also a vertical axis.
- the device has a feed device for generating the feed movement of the strip-shaped workpieces when they are divided by the milling tools.
- the feed direction is preferably a second direction which is essentially at right angles to the first direction.
- the panels can be conveyed from the feed to the sawing device into the milling device in an at least largely straight-line movement, ie in particular essentially in one direction. Any means for changing the orientation of the workpieces between the individual dividing devices can be dispensed with in this way, and it is possible to construct particularly compact and at the same time powerful devices.
- the feed device preferably has a plurality of gripping elements for gripping the edge region of the strip-shaped plate that is being conveyed and pointing opposite to the conveying direction.
- a feed device can advantageously fix the strip-shaped workpiece in the area of the narrow side pointing opposite to the conveying direction and thus push it "in front of you" through the milling device.
- the gripping elements can preferably be positioned along a path so that the distances between the gripping elements can be varied when they grip the workpiece.
- the route along which the gripping elements can be positioned is preferably aligned parallel to the first direction. In this way, the strip-shaped workpiece cut off by the saw can maintain its orientation until it is milled.
- the positioning of the gripping elements allows them to be placed in such a way that they can be processed after At least not interfere with the given cutting plan, but in particular support it.
- the device according to the invention has at least one, but preferably a plurality, gripping elements which have an advantageous configuration.
- Such an advantageous gripping element has a first and a second clamping area which come to rest on opposite surface sides of the workpiece. The workpiece is clamped between these clamping areas.
- the first and / or the second clamping area now has a cutout.
- a milling tool can be moved relative to the gripping element when dividing a strip-shaped workpiece into the smaller workpieces.
- the workpiece is preferably clamped between the clamping areas in such a way that when the milling tool is moved into the recess, the narrow side of the workpiece is severed in the area of the recess, ie the workpiece is divided.
- the two parts of the first and / or second clamping area divided by the recess and in contact with the workpiece then each hold one of the smaller workpieces created by cutting through the strip-shaped workpiece with the milling device.
- the milling tools can be moved along the milling device. This enables further variations of the cutting plans, since cuts can be made in an additional direction using the milling tools. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the milling tools can be moved along the milling device in a direction at least substantially parallel to the first direction. This advantageously enables positioning and / or feed movements of the milling tools.
- the exemplary device 1 has a sawing device 4 for dividing the plate-shaped workpieces 2 to be divided into the strip-shaped workpieces 3.
- the sawing device 4 divides the plate-shaped workpieces 2 along a first direction X, so that strip-shaped workpieces 3 with a first pair of longer narrow sides 5 and a pair of short narrow sides 6 are produced.
- the long narrow sides 5 are advantageously oriented to the first direction X and advantageously maintain this orientation in the further course of the method.
- the workpieces are first conveyed by the sawing device 4 into an intermediate storage device 7.
- this is advantageously designed according to the FIFO principle, ie the strip-shaped workpieces 3 which are the first to enter the intermediate storage device 7 leave the intermediate storage device 7 also as the first when they are fed to the division by the milling device 8.
- the strip-shaped workpieces 3 are divided into the smaller workpieces 10 by a plurality of milling tools 9.
- the device 1 according to the invention is advantageously designed in such a way that it executes the saw cuts 11 along a first direction X.
- the cuts 12 with the milling tools, which are oriented perpendicular to the saw cuts, are correspondingly made parallel to a second direction Y which is perpendicular to the first direction X.
- the strip-shaped workpieces 3 are moved in the second direction Y by means of a feed device 13.
- the exemplary device according to the invention also has a milling tool 14 that is preferably immovable in the first direction X.
- the further milling tools 9 are advantageously received on the milling device 8 such that they can be moved along the first direction X. This enables cuts 15 with the milling tools 9, which preferably run parallel to the saw cuts 11.
- the milling tool 14 serves to ensure a clean workpiece edge by removing material from an edge region of the strip-shaped workpieces 3, which also corresponds to an edge region of the original plate-shaped workpiece 2. Accordingly, the method according to the invention can advantageously provide that with saw cuts 11 narrow strips are cut off at the edge regions of the plate-shaped workpiece 2, which represent scrap, in order to create clean edge regions of the resulting smaller workpieces 10 here as well to ensure. This is particularly advantageous when the edge regions of the plate-shaped workpieces 2 do not have the required quality that is required of the edge regions of the smaller workpieces 10.
- the sawing device can also be used to make saw cuts 16 ending in the workpiece 4. This advantageously saves processing time when realizing complex cutting plans. Such an exemplary complex cutting plan is in Fig.
- strip-shaped workpieces 3 are first separated from a plate-shaped workpiece 2 by the saw cuts 11a, 11b and 11c.
- the sawing device 4 performs additional saw cuts 16 ending in the workpiece.
- the ends of the saw cuts 16 are connected to the narrow sides of the strip-shaped workpieces.
- the cuts 12 with the milling tools 9 and the saw cuts 16, which run through areas of the workpiece that represent scrap at a later point in time, are shown in dashed lines.
- the device 1 advantageously has a feed device 21 with a pivoting device not shown in detail.
- the plate-shaped workpieces 2, before they are fed to the sawing device 4 can be pivoted about an axis parallel to their thickness direction.
- the plate-shaped workpiece 2 is shown by way of example in two possible orientations that are perpendicular to one another.
- the illustrated exemplary cutting plan realizes the saw cuts 11d, 11e, 11f and 11g by pivoting the plate-shaped workpiece through 90 ° after the saw cut 11c has been made, before the further saw cuts are made.
- the strip-shaped workpiece lying between the saw cuts 11d and 11e has cuts 15 in the exemplary cutting plan which run parallel to the saw cuts 11, but are made with the milling tools 9. This is done in an advantageous manner in that the milling tools 9 are moved along the milling device 8, preferably parallel to the first direction X. This allows the waste to be reduced even further.
- the feed device 13 has a plurality of gripping elements 17.
- the gripping elements 17 can preferably be positioned along the feed device 13.
- the direction in which the gripping elements 17 can be positioned along the feed device 13 is preferably oriented parallel to the first direction X.
- the gripping elements 17 are designed in such a way that they can grip a strip-shaped workpiece 3, preferably in the area of the narrow side of the strip-shaped workpiece 3 pointing opposite to the conveying direction. This is preferably one of the long narrow sides 5 of the strip-shaped workpiece 3.
- the gripping elements 17 preferably have a first clamping area 18 and a second clamping area 19 for contact with one of the surface sides of the strip-shaped workpiece 3.
- the first clamping area 18 and / or the second clamping area 19 now particularly preferably have a recess 20 into which a milling tool 9 can be moved when dividing a strip-shaped workpiece 3. This process is particularly evident in the Figures 6 and 7 shown schematically.
- the advantageous embodiment shown with the recesses 20 in the clamping areas makes it possible for the clamping areas to clamp the workpiece on both sides of the milling tool 9 coming out of the cut. In this way, on the one hand, the number of gripping elements 17 required is reduced, and on the other hand, both sides of the cut are fixed in their position to one another in an extremely rigid manner by the common clamping area 18 or 19, so that particularly clean cuts are produced.
- the recess 20 divides the surfaces of the first clamping area 18 and / or the second clamping area 19 resting on the strip-shaped workpiece 3 into two areas, which together form the strip-shaped workpiece 3 before the final severing of the strip-shaped workpiece 3 and after the severing of the strip-shaped workpiece 3 each fix one of the resulting adjacent smaller workpieces 10.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Aufteilung plattenförmiger Werkstücke, vorzugsweise die Holz- oder einen Holzersatzwerkstoff als Werkstoff aufweisen, in jeweils eine Mehrzahl kleinere Werkstücke.The invention relates to a method and a device for dividing plate-shaped workpieces, preferably which have wood or a wood substitute material as the material, into a plurality of smaller workpieces in each case.
In vielen Bereichen der Industrie stellt sich die Aufgabe, plattenförmige Werkstücke, die herstellerseitig in einem vergleichsweise großen Format hergestellt werden, in kleinere plattenförmige Werkstücke aufzuteilen, deren Maße denen entsprechen, in denen die plattenförmigen Werkstücke tatsächlich benötigt werden. Dabei handelt es sich bei den aus der Aufteilung resultierenden kleineren Werkstücken regelmäßig selbst um Halbzeuge, wie beispielsweise bei der Fertigung von Möbeln, bei denen die kleineren plattenförmigen Werkstücke z.B. zu Korpussen zusammengesetzt werden oder Rückwände von Möbeln bilden. Es existieren aber auch zahlreiche andere Anwendungsfälle, in denen großformatige plattenförmige Werkstücke entsprechend in kleinere plattenförmige Werkstücke aufgeteilt werden müssen.In many areas of industry, the task arises of dividing plate-shaped workpieces that are manufactured by the manufacturer in a comparatively large format into smaller plate-shaped workpieces whose dimensions correspond to those in which the plate-shaped workpieces are actually required. The smaller workpieces resulting from the division are usually semi-finished products themselves, such as in the production of furniture, in which the smaller plate-shaped workpieces are assembled into carcasses or form the rear walls of furniture. However, there are also numerous other applications in which large-format plate-shaped workpieces have to be correspondingly divided into smaller plate-shaped workpieces.
Dabei handelt es sich bei den plattenförmigen Werkstücken regelmäßig um Werkstücke aus Holz oder Holzersatzwerkstoffen, wie beispielsweise Spanplatten, HDF- oder MDF-Platten, Laminaten oder auch mehrschichtig aufgebauten Werkstoffen aus den vorgenannten und/oder anderen Materialien.The plate-shaped workpieces are usually workpieces made of wood or wood substitute materials, such as chipboard, HDF or MDF panels, laminates or multilayer materials made of the aforementioned and / or other materials.
Nach dem Stand der Technik existieren unterschiedliche Verfahren, um derartige plattenförmige Werkstücke aufzuteilen. Hervorzuheben sind hier insbesondere Sägeverfahren, welche sich durch eine hohe Schnittleistung und damit große Verarbeitungskapazitäten der Sägeeinrichtungen auszeichnen. Der Nachteil an derartigen Sägeverfahren ist, dass die Geometrien der möglichen Schnittpläne begrenzt sind. Regelmäßig kann eine Säge lediglich geradlinige Schnitte durchführen.According to the prior art, there are different methods of dividing such plate-shaped workpieces. Particularly noteworthy here are sawing processes, which are characterized by a high cutting performance and thus large processing capacities of the sawing devices. The disadvantage of such a sawing process is that the geometries of the possible cutting plans are limited. A saw can only make straight cuts on a regular basis.
Um nun komplexe Schnittpläne zu realisieren, können plattenförmige Werkstücke der in Rede stehenden Art ebenfalls mit Fräswerkzeugen geschnitten werden. Diese können nahezu beliebige geradlinige oder gekrümmte, aber auch abgewinkelte Schnittlinien in der Haupterstreckungsebene eines solchen plattenförmigen Werkstücks realisieren. Ein Beispiel für ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise in der
Nach dem Stand der Technik sind daher Verfahren und Vorrichtungen bekannt, welche Sägeschnitte und Schnitte mit Fräswerkzeugen miteinander kombinieren. So offenbart beispielsweise die
Ein solches Verfahren erlaubt zwar bereits vergleichsweise flexible Gestaltungen von Schnittplänen, die Sägetechnik kann den Vorteil der großen Verarbeitungskapazität jedoch nur bedingt ausspielen, da je nach Komplexität des zu erzeugenden Schnittplans das Fräswerkzeug für die Profilierung des Werkstücks die Bearbeitungszeit unter Umständen verzögert, so dass insbesondere die Sägen, die die Aufteilung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke in die kleineren Platten vornehmen, nur bedingt ausgelastet sind.Although such a method already allows comparatively flexible design of cutting plans, the sawing technology can only partially exploit the advantage of the large processing capacity, since, depending on the complexity of the cutting plan to be generated, the milling tool for profiling the workpiece may delay the processing time, so that in particular the Saws that divide the strip-shaped workpieces into the smaller panels are only used to a limited extent.
Auch in
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, welche zum einen eine hohe Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit bei der Aufteilung großformatiger Platten, zum anderen aber auch die Realisierung von Schnittplänen mit geringem Verschnitt ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device which, on the one hand, enable a high processing speed when dividing large-format panels, but on the other hand also enable cutting plans to be implemented with little waste.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Die Merkmale der abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen.The object is achieved by a method and a device with the features of the independent claims. The features of the dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Aufteilen plattenförmiger Werkstücke in jeweils eine Mehrzahl kleinerer Werkstücke sieht vor, dass ein aufzuteilendes plattenförmiges Werkstück zunächst durch Sägeschnitte in eine Mehrzahl rechteckiger, streifenförmiger Werkstücke geschnitten wird. Die streifenförmigen Werkstücke weisen ein erstes Paar einander gegenüberliegender Schmalseiten und ein zweites Paar einander gegenüberliegender Schmalseiten auf, wobei die ersten Schmalseiten, d.h. die Schmalseiten des ersten Paares einander gegenüberliegender Schmalseiten länger sind als die zweiten Schmalseiten, also die Schmalseiten des zweiten Paares einander gegenüberliegender Schmalseiten.The method according to the invention for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of smaller workpieces each provides that a plate-shaped workpiece to be divided is first cut into a plurality of rectangular, strip-shaped workpieces by saw cuts. The strip-shaped workpieces have a first pair of opposing narrow sides and a second pair of opposing narrow sides, the first narrow sides, ie the narrow sides of the first pair of opposing narrow sides being longer than the second narrow sides, i.e. the Narrow sides of the second pair of opposite narrow sides.
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass die streifenförmigen Werkstücke in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt jeweils durch eine Mehrzahl Fräswerkzeuge gleichzeitig in die kleineren Werkstücke aufgeteilt werden. Die Schnitte werden hierbei parallel zu den zweiten Schmalseiten durchgeführt. Dieser weitere Verfahrensschritt findet zeitlich nach dem Zersägen des aufzuteilenden, insbesondere großformatigen, plattenförmigen Werkstücks statt. Das zunächst erfolgende Absägen von streifenförmigen Werkstücken erfolgt dabei so, dass die Sägeschnitte bevorzugt über die komplette Breite des großformatigen Ausgangswerkstücks ausgeführt werden. Insbesondere ist dabei bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass nach Zersägen der großformatigen Platte in streifenförmige Werkstücke jedes streifenförmige Werkstück zunächst durch Fräswerkzeuge mit Rückschnitten versehen wird bzw. durch Fräswerkzeuge nicht benötigte Abschnitte des streifenförmigen Werkstücks zerspant werden. Im Anschluss erfolgt dann bevorzugt die weitere Zerteilung über die Mehrzahl Fräswerkzeuge, wodurch dann auf Maß fertiggestellte Werkstücke hergestellt werden und/oder im Randbereich Abfall zerspant werden kann, die dann einer weiteren Bearbeitung zugeführt werden können. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass zunächst jeweils ein Streifen durch Sägen vom großformatigen plattenförmigen Werkstück in der oben geschilderten Weise getrennt und anschließend mit den Fräswerkzeugen in der geschilderten Weise zerteilt wird. Das Zerteilen kann zeitlich noch vor dem durch Sägen erfolgenden Abtrennen eines weiteren Streifens vom großformatigen plattenförmigen Werkstück erfolgen oder aber auch zeitgleich.According to the invention, it is now provided that the strip-shaped workpieces are divided into the smaller workpieces at the same time in a further process step by a plurality of milling tools. The cuts are made parallel to the second narrow sides. This further method step takes place after the sawing up of the, in particular large-format, plate-shaped workpiece to be divided. The first sawing off of strip-shaped workpieces takes place in such a way that the saw cuts are preferably carried out over the entire width of the large-format starting workpiece. In particular, it is preferably provided that after sawing the large-format plate into strip-shaped workpieces, each strip-shaped workpiece is initially provided with cutbacks by milling tools or sections of the strip-shaped workpiece that are not required are machined by milling tools. Subsequently, the further division then preferably takes place via the plurality of milling tools, as a result of which workpieces that are finished to measure can then be produced and / or waste can be machined in the edge area, which can then be fed to further processing. According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that a strip is first separated by sawing from the large-format plate-shaped workpiece in the manner described above and then divided up with the milling tools in the manner described. The division can take place before the cutting off of another by sawing Strip from the large-format plate-shaped workpiece or at the same time.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch diese Kombination von Sägeschnitten und Schnitten mit Fräswerkzeugen nicht nur ein hoher Durchsatz erzeugt werden kann, sondern dass auch die Schnittpläne sehr flexibel gestaltet werden können.It has been shown that this combination of saw cuts and cuts with milling tools not only enables a high throughput to be generated, but that the cutting plans can also be designed very flexibly.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Aufteilen plattenförmiger Werkstücke in jeweils eine Mehrzahl kleinerer Werkstücke weist folglich eine Sägeeinrichtung zum Aufteilen plattenförmiger Werkstücke in jeweils eine Mehrzahl streifenförmiger Werkstücke auf. Die Sägeeinrichtung ist so ausgebildet, dass sie Schnitte entlang einer ersten Richtung vornehmen kann. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um eine Kreissäge. Diese hat den Vorteil, vergleichsweise hohe Schnittleistungen bei geradlinigen Schnitten zu erreichen.The device according to the invention for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of smaller workpieces in each case consequently has a sawing device for dividing plate-shaped workpieces into a plurality of strip-shaped workpieces in each case. The sawing device is designed such that it can make cuts along a first direction. It is preferably a circular saw. This has the advantage of achieving comparatively high cutting performance with straight cuts.
Die Vorrichtung, insbesondere die Sägeeinrichtung, ist derart gestaltet, dass die Sägeeinrichtung die Sägeschnitte entlang einer ersten Richtung durchführen kann. Bevorzugt ruht hierbei das Werkstück relativ zu der Vorrichtung. Besonders bevorzugt ruht das plattenförmige Werkstück in und/oder auf einer Zuführeinrichtung zur Zuführung der Werkstücke zu der Sägeeinrichtung. Bei dieser kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Sägetisch handeln. Der Sägetisch weist dabei vorzugsweise geeignete Förder- und/oder Positioniermittel auf, um das plattenförmige Werkstück, vorzugsweise automatisiert, korrekt zur Sägeeinrichtung auszurichten bzw. zwischen den Durchführungen der einzelnen Sägeschnitte von einer Sägeschnittposition in die nächste zu befördern.The device, in particular the sawing device, is designed in such a way that the sawing device can carry out the saw cuts along a first direction. In this case, the workpiece preferably rests relative to the device. The plate-shaped workpiece particularly preferably rests in and / or on a feed device for feeding the workpieces to the sawing device. This can be a saw table, for example. The saw table preferably has suitable conveying and / or positioning means in order to correctly align the plate-shaped workpiece, preferably automatically, with the sawing device or between the passages of the individual saw cuts from one saw cut position to the next.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Vorrichtung nun eine Fräseinrichtung mit einer Mehrzahl Fräswerkzeuge zur Aufteilung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke in kleinere Werkstücke durch eine Mehrzahl gleichzeitig vorgenommener Schnitte auf. Die Vorrichtung, insbesondere die Fräseinrichtung, ist hierbei bevorzugt derart gestaltet, dass die Schnitte parallel zu einer zweiten Richtung, die zu der ersten Richtung zumindest im Wesentlichen senkrecht orientiert ist, vorgenommen werden können.According to the invention, the device now has a milling device with a plurality of milling tools for dividing the strip-shaped workpieces into smaller workpieces by a plurality of cuts made at the same time. The device, in particular the milling device, is preferably designed in such a way that the cuts can be made parallel to a second direction which is at least substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
Zudem weist die Vorrichtung eine Zwischenspeichereinrichtung zur Zwischenspeicherung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke auf. Diese ist bevorzugt entlang der zweiten Richtung zwischen der Sägeeinrichtung und der Fräseinrichtung angeordnet. Entsprechend sieht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vor, dass die streifenförmigen Werkstücke nach dem Aufteilen des plattenförmigen Werkstücks zunächst in eine Zwischenlagereinrichtung zur Zwischenlagerung der Werkstücke gefördert werden, während gleichzeitig streifenförmige Werkstücke aus der Zwischenspeichereinrichtung heraus gefördert und der Aufteilung durch die Fräswerkzeuge zugeführt werden. Dabei erfolgt die Förderung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke in die Zwischenspeichereinrichtung hinein und/oder aus der Zwischenspeichereinrichtung heraus bevorzugt in einer zu den zweiten Schmalseiten zumindest im Wesentlichen parallelen Richtung.In addition, the device has an intermediate storage device for intermediate storage of the strip-shaped workpieces. This is preferably arranged along the second direction between the sawing device and the milling device. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the strip-shaped workpieces are first conveyed to an intermediate storage device for the intermediate storage of the workpieces after the division of the plate-shaped workpiece, while at the same time strip-shaped workpieces are conveyed out of the intermediate storage device and fed to the division by the milling tools. The strip-shaped workpieces are conveyed into the intermediate storage device and / or out of the intermediate storage device, preferably in a direction that is at least substantially parallel to the second narrow sides.
"Zumindest im wesentlichen parallel" bedeutet im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung, aber insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Zwischenspeichereinrichtung, vor allem, dass insbesondere geringfügige Abweichungen von der exakten Parallelität zwischen dem Verlauf der Schmalseiten und den Förderrichtungen, die beispielsweise durch die Konstruktion beteiligter Fördereinrichtungen bedingt sind und z.B. Höhenunterschiede entlang des Förderwegs herbeiführen, nicht ins Gewicht fallen sollen."At least substantially parallel" means in connection with the present invention, but in particular In connection with the intermediate storage device, especially that slight deviations from the exact parallelism between the course of the narrow sides and the conveying directions, which are caused, for example, by the construction of the conveying devices involved and e.g. cause height differences along the conveying path, should not be significant.
Die Zwischenspeichereinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist insbesondere nach dem FIFO-Prinzip (first-in-first-out-Prinzip) gestaltet. Dies bedeutet, auch analog für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, dass das Werkstück, das zuerst in die Zwischenspeichereinrichtung gefördert wird, auch als erstes aus ihr wieder herausgeführt wird, während das zweite in die Zwischenspeichereinrichtung geförderte streifenförmige Werkstück auch als zweites aus der Zwischenspeichereinrichtung heraus gefördert wird. Entsprechendes gilt analog für jedes weitere streifenförmige Werkstück.The intermediate storage device of the device according to the invention is designed in particular according to the FIFO principle (first-in-first-out principle). This means, also analogously for the method according to the invention, that the workpiece that is first conveyed into the intermediate storage device is also led out of it again first, while the second strip-shaped workpiece conveyed into the intermediate storage device is also conveyed second out of the intermediate storage device. The same applies analogously to every further strip-shaped workpiece.
Es ist im Grunde auch möglich, die Zwischenlagereinrichtung so zu gestalten, dass ein kontinuierlicher Transport von der Sägeeinrichtung zur Fräseinrichtung stattfindet. Dies bedeutet beispielsweise einen hinreichend langen Transportweg zwischen der Sägeeinrichtung und der Fräseinrichtung vorzusehen, der lang genug ist, damit eine Mehrzahl streifenförmiger Werkstücke gleichzeitig auf diesem Transportweg transportiert werden können.In principle, it is also possible to design the intermediate storage device in such a way that it is continuously transported from the sawing device to the milling device. This means, for example, to provide a sufficiently long transport path between the sawing device and the milling device, which is long enough so that a plurality of strip-shaped workpieces can be transported simultaneously on this transport path.
Hierbei ist eine Gestaltung dieses Transportwegs, die es erlaubt, die Transportgeschwindigkeiten der einzelnen streifenförmigen Werkstücke so anzupassen, dass der Transportweg als eine Art "Puffer" für unterschiedliche Taktungen der Sägeeinrichtung und der Fräseinrichtung dienen kann, vorteilhaft. Die auf diese Weise auf dem Transportweg gespeicherten streifenförmigen Werkstücke erlauben es so, von Werkstück zu Werkstück variierende unterschiedliche Taktzeiten der Sägeeinrichtung und der Fräseinrichtung gegeneinander auszugleichen. D.h. erzeugt die Sägeeinrichtung streifenförmige Werkstücke in kürzeren Intervallen als die Fräseinrichtung diese weiter aufteilen kann, wächst die Anzahl der streifenförmigen Werkstücke im Zwischenspeicher an bzw. verkürzen sich die Abstände der streifenförmigen Werkstücke auf dem als Zwischenspeicher dienenden Transportweg. Übersteigt hingegen die Taktzeit der Sägeeinrichtung die der Fräseinrichtung, so reduziert sich die Anzahl der zwischengelagerten Werkstücke, insbesondere können auf einem entsprechend gestalteten, als Zwischenlager dienenden Transportweg die Abstände zwischen den transportierten Werkstücken, beispielsweise durch eine Erhöhung der Fördergeschwindigkeit relativ zur Taktzeit der Sägeeinrichtung, erhöht werden.This is a design of this transport path that allows the transport speeds of the individual strip-shaped workpieces to be adjusted so that the Transport path can serve as a kind of "buffer" for different cycles of the sawing device and the milling device, advantageously. The strip-shaped workpieces stored on the transport path in this way make it possible to compensate for different cycle times of the sawing device and the milling device that vary from workpiece to workpiece. In other words, the sawing device generates strip-shaped workpieces at shorter intervals than the milling device can divide them further, the number of strip-shaped workpieces in the intermediate storage increases or the spacing between the strip-shaped workpieces on the transport path serving as intermediate storage is shortened. If, on the other hand, the cycle time of the sawing device exceeds that of the milling device, the number of temporarily stored workpieces is reduced; in particular, the distances between the transported workpieces can be increased on a correspondingly designed transport route serving as an intermediate storage, for example by increasing the conveying speed relative to the cycle time of the sawing device will.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass zwischen zwei Sägeschnitten bei der Aufteilung des plattenförmigen Werkstücks ein von einer der zweiten Schmalseiten eines aus der Aufteilung des plattenförmigen Werkstücks resultierenden streifenförmigen Werkstücks ausgehender Sägeschnitt ausgeführt wird, der im Werkstück endet. Durch die Durchführung derartiger Schnitte kann die Sägeeinrichtung nicht nur dafür genutzt werden, das aufzuteilende plattenförmige Werkstück in streifenförmige Werkstücke aufzuteilen, sondern auch, um die weitere Aufteilung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke in kleinere Werkstücke zu unterstützen. Die streifenförmigen Werkstücke mit den derart eingebrachten Sägeschnitten werden, wenn sie durch die Fräseinrichtung bzw. die Fräswerkzeuge in die kleineren Werkstücke aufgeteilt werden, dann derart aufgeteilt, dass das Ende des im Werkstück endenden Sägeschnittes in einem von einem Fräswerkzeug zu zerspanenden Bereich des Werkstücks endet. Eine derartige Schnittführung ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn der Sägeschnitt durch einen Schnitt mit einem Fräswerkzeug mit einer der beiden ersten Schmalseiten des streifenförmigen Werkstücks verbunden wird. So können kleinere Werkstücke aus den streifenförmigen Werkstücken mit weniger Frässchnitten erzeugt und so bei hierfür geeigneten Schnittplänen Bearbeitungszeit gespart werden. Es ist auf diese Weise auch möglich, in einfacher Weise Verschnitt zu entfernen, der auch bei komplexeren Schnittplänen üblicherweise nicht vollständig vermieden werden kann.An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that between two saw cuts when dividing the plate-shaped workpiece, a saw cut starting from one of the second narrow sides of a strip-shaped workpiece resulting from the dividing of the plate-shaped workpiece is made and ends in the workpiece. By making such cuts, the sawing device can be used not only to divide the plate-shaped workpiece to be divided into strip-shaped workpieces, but also to further subdivide the strip-shaped workpieces Support workpieces into smaller workpieces. The strip-shaped workpieces with the saw cuts introduced in this way, when they are divided into the smaller workpieces by the milling device or the milling tools, are then divided in such a way that the end of the saw cut ending in the workpiece ends in an area of the workpiece to be machined by a milling tool. Such a cutting guide is particularly advantageous when the saw cut is connected to one of the two first narrow sides of the strip-shaped workpiece by a cut with a milling tool. In this way, smaller workpieces can be produced from the strip-shaped workpieces with fewer milling cuts and machining time can be saved with suitable cutting plans. In this way, it is also possible to remove scrap in a simple manner, which usually cannot be completely avoided even with more complex cutting plans.
Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in der sogenannten "Stückzahl 1 Fertigung" einsetzen, d.h. in Fertigungen, bei denen einzelne Bauelemente nach Maß angefertigt werden. Die kleineren plattenförmigen Werkstücke stellen hierbei regelmäßig die Halbzeuge für eine weitere Verarbeitung dar und müssen in einer Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Maße vorliegen. Eine übergeordnete Steuerung kann in vorteilhafter Weise die Maße der zu erzeugenden kleineren Werkstücke derart auf die Schnittpläne verteilen, dass sich ein nach Bearbeitungszeiten und/oder Verschnittvermeidung optimierter Schnittplan für jedes aufzuteilende plattenförmige Werkstück ergibt. Die so berechneten Schnittpläne werden dann zur Steuerung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bzw. bei der Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weiter verwendet.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the so-called "
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die Durchführung des Verfahrens beispielsweise mit einer Mehrzahl, z.B. zwei, übereinanderliegenden plattenförmigen Werkstücken. Gerade bei vergleichsweise dünnen plattenförmigen Werkstücken kann so eine wesentlich effizientere Fertigung ermöglicht werden, wenn die Leistung der Sägeeinrichtung bzw. der Fräseinrichtung ausreichend ist, um eine Mehrzahl dieser plattenförmigen Werkstücke gleichzeitig zu durchtrennen. In diesen Fällen werden bevorzugt mit den jeweils übereinanderliegenden Werkstücken die gleichen Schnittpläne realisiert.Another advantageous variant of the method according to the invention is to carry out the method, for example, with a plurality, for example two, plate-shaped workpieces lying one on top of the other. Particularly in the case of comparatively thin plate-shaped workpieces, a significantly more efficient production can thus be made possible if the performance of the sawing device or the milling device is sufficient to cut through a plurality of these plate-shaped workpieces at the same time. In these cases, the same cutting plans are preferably implemented with the workpieces lying one on top of the other.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Variante besteht darin, mit der Fräseinrichtung und/oder Sägeeinrichtung Schnitte derart vorzunehmen, dass das plattenförmige Werkstück in seiner Dickenrichtung nicht vollständig durchtrennt wird. Auf diese Weise werden lokale linienförmige Materialschwächungen, wie beispielsweise Nuten, in das plattenförmige Werkstück eingebracht. Diese können dann beispielsweise dazu genutzt werden, um entlang einer Linie faltbare Rückwände für die Möbelproduktion zu produzieren.Another advantageous variant consists in making cuts with the milling device and / or sawing device in such a way that the plate-shaped workpiece is not completely severed in its thickness direction. In this way, local line-shaped material weaknesses, such as grooves, for example, are introduced into the plate-shaped workpiece. These can then be used, for example, to produce foldable rear panels for furniture production along a line.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, die Fräswerkzeuge dazu einzusetzen, ergänzende zerspanende Bearbeitungen an den Werkstücken vorzunehmen, beispielsweise Profilierungen und/oder Aufnahmen beispielsweise für Beschlagelemente oder Möbelscharniere in die kleineren plattenförmigen Werkstücke einzubringen.In addition, it is possible to use the milling tools to carry out additional machining operations on the workpieces, for example to introduce profiles and / or receptacles, for example for fittings or furniture hinges, into the smaller plate-shaped workpieces.
Gerade im Hinblick auf die "Stückzahl 1 Fertigung" ist eine Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung vorteilhaft, bei der die Zuführeinrichtung zur Zuführung der Werkstücke zu der Sägeeinrichtung eine Verschwenkeinrichtung zum Verschwenken der plattenförmigen Werkstücke aufweist. Diese ist bevorzugt so gestaltet, dass sie die Werkstücke um eine vertikale Achse und/oder eine zur Dickenrichtung des Werkstücks zumindest im Wesentlichen parallele Achse verschwenken kann. Beide Achsen eignen sich gut zur technischen Realisierung einer Drehung des Werkstücks. Falls der Sägetisch horizontal angeordnet ist, d.h. das Werkstück mit seinen Haupterstreckungsrichtungen in einer horizontalen Ebene der Vorrichtung zugeführt wird, so können die Achsen zusammenfallen, d.h. es handelt sich bei einer zur Dickenrichtung des Werkstücks parallelen Achse auch um eine vertikale Achse.A variant of the present invention is advantageous particularly with regard to the "number of
Mit einer derartigen Verschwenkeinrichtung können noch komplexere Schnittpläne realisiert werden. So ist es möglich, einige streifenförmige Werkstücke von einem plattenförmigen aufzuteilenden Werkstück abzutrennen, dieses dann um 90° zu drehen, um dann weitere streifenförmige Werkstücke aus dem aufzuteilenden Werkstück herauszuteilen. Die vor der Drehung abgetrennten streifenförmigen Werkstücke haben dann im Schnittplan gegenüber den nach der Drehung abgetrennten streifenförmigen Werkstücken eine um 90° gedrehte Orientierung. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Vorrichtung eine Vorschubeinrichtung zur Erzeugung der Vorschubbewegung der streifenförmigen Werkstücke bei deren Aufteilung durch die Fräswerkzeuge auf. Eine solche Vorschubbewegung ermöglicht es, dass die Fräswerkzeuge selbst entlang der durch diese Vorschubeinrichtung realisierbaren Vorschubrichtung nicht bewegbar sein müssen, was die Konstruktion der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erheblich vereinfacht. Bei der Vorschubrichtung handelt es sich bevorzugt um eine zur ersten Richtung im Wesentlichen rechtwinklige zweite Richtung. Bei einer derart orientierten Maschine können die Platten von der Zuführung zur Sägeeinrichtung bis in die Fräseinrichtung in einer zumindest weitgehend geradlinigen Bewegung, d.h. insbesondere im Wesentlichen in eine Richtung gefördert werden. Etwaige Mittel zur Änderung der Orientierung der Werkstücke zwischen den einzelnen Aufteileinrichtungen können auf diese Weise entfallen, und es ist möglich, besonders kompakte und gleichzeitig leistungsfähige Vorrichtungen zu konstruieren.With such a pivoting device, even more complex cutting plans can be implemented. It is thus possible to separate some strip-shaped workpieces from a plate-shaped workpiece to be divided, then to rotate this by 90 °, in order to then divide further strip-shaped workpieces from the workpiece to be divided. The strip-shaped workpieces cut off before the rotation then have an orientation rotated by 90 ° in the cutting plan with respect to the strip-shaped workpieces cut off after the rotation. According to an advantageous embodiment, the device has a feed device for generating the feed movement of the strip-shaped workpieces when they are divided by the milling tools. Such a feed movement makes it possible that the milling tools themselves not along the feed direction that can be realized by this feed device must be movable, which considerably simplifies the construction of the device according to the invention. The feed direction is preferably a second direction which is essentially at right angles to the first direction. With a machine oriented in this way, the panels can be conveyed from the feed to the sawing device into the milling device in an at least largely straight-line movement, ie in particular essentially in one direction. Any means for changing the orientation of the workpieces between the individual dividing devices can be dispensed with in this way, and it is possible to construct particularly compact and at the same time powerful devices.
Die Vorschubeinrichtung weist bevorzugt eine Mehrzahl Greifelemente zum Greifen des entgegen der Förderrichtung weisenden Randbereichs der geförderten streifenförmigen Platte auf. Eine derartige Vorschubeinrichtung kann vorteilhafterweise das streifenförmige Werkstück im Bereich der entgegen die Förderrichtung weisenden Schmalseite fixieren und so "vor sich her" durch die Fräseinrichtung schieben. Dabei sind die Greifelemente vorzugsweise entlang einer Strecke positionierbar, so dass die Abstände der Greifelemente zueinander variiert werden können, wenn sie am Werkstück angreifen. Vorzugsweise ist die Strecke, entlang der die Greifelemente positionierbar sind, parallel zur ersten Richtung ausgerichtet. Auf diese Weise kann das von der Säge abgetrennte streifenförmige Werkstück seine Orientierung bis zur Fräsbearbeitung beibehalten. Die Positionierung der Greifelemente erlaubt es, diese derart zu platzieren, dass sie die Bearbeitung nach dem jeweils vorgegebenen Schnittplan zumindest nicht stören, insbesondere aber unterstützen.The feed device preferably has a plurality of gripping elements for gripping the edge region of the strip-shaped plate that is being conveyed and pointing opposite to the conveying direction. Such a feed device can advantageously fix the strip-shaped workpiece in the area of the narrow side pointing opposite to the conveying direction and thus push it "in front of you" through the milling device. The gripping elements can preferably be positioned along a path so that the distances between the gripping elements can be varied when they grip the workpiece. The route along which the gripping elements can be positioned is preferably aligned parallel to the first direction. In this way, the strip-shaped workpiece cut off by the saw can maintain its orientation until it is milled. The positioning of the gripping elements allows them to be placed in such a way that they can be processed after At least not interfere with the given cutting plan, but in particular support it.
Insbesondere in dem Moment, in dem das Fräswerkzeug das Werkstück vollständig durchtrennt, ist im Hinblick auf eine saubere Schnittführung eine sichere Fixierung des Werkstücks, insbesondere durch die Greifelemente, vorteilhaft für die Sauberkeit der Schnitte. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wenigstens ein, vorzugsweise aber eine Mehrzahl, Greifelemente auf, die eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung aufweisen. Ein solches vorteilhaftes Greifelement weist einen ersten und einen zweiten Klemmbereich auf, die an gegenüberliegenden Flächenseiten des Werkstücks zur Anlage kommen. Das Werkstück wird zwischen diesen Klemmbereichen eingeklemmt.In particular, at the moment when the milling tool completely cuts through the workpiece, secure fixation of the workpiece, in particular by the gripping elements, is advantageous for the cleanliness of the cuts with regard to a clean cut. According to a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention has at least one, but preferably a plurality, gripping elements which have an advantageous configuration. Such an advantageous gripping element has a first and a second clamping area which come to rest on opposite surface sides of the workpiece. The workpiece is clamped between these clamping areas.
Bei den vorteilhaften Greifelementen weist nun der erste und/oder der zweite Klemmbereich eine Aussparung auf. In dieser Aussparung kann ein Fräswerkzeug beim Aufteilen eines streifenförmigen Werkstücks in die kleineren Werkstücke relativ zum Greifelemente bewegt werden. Das Werkstück ist dabei vorzugsweise so zwischen den Klemmbereichen eingeklemmt, dass beim Bewegen des Fräswerkzeugs in die Aussparung die Schmalseite des Werkstücks im Bereich der Aussparung durchtrennt, d.h. das Werkstück aufgeteilt wird. Die beiden durch die Aussparung geteilten und mit dem Werkstück in Kontakt befindlichen Teile des ersten und/oder zweiten Klemmbereichs halten dann jeweils eines der durch die Durchtrennung des streifenförmigen Werkstücks mit der Fräseinrichtung geschaffenen kleineren Werkstücke. Da die beiden so geschaffenen neuen Werkstücke von unterschiedlichen Teilen des gleichen Klemmbereichs in unmittelbarer Nähe der Fräswerkzeugs gehalten werden, entsteht so eine steife und damit der Sauberkeit des Schnittes förderliche Einspannung. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass lediglich ein Greifelement im Bereich jedes Trennschnitts benötigt wird, um ein sauberes Austreten des Fräswerkzeugs aus dem Werkstück zu gewährleisten. Es ist nicht notwendig, mit zwei Greifelementen beidseits der Stelle, an der das Fräswerkzeug bei der endgültigen Durchtrennung des Werkstücks aus der Schmalseite austritt, anzugreifen.In the advantageous gripping elements, the first and / or the second clamping area now has a cutout. In this recess, a milling tool can be moved relative to the gripping element when dividing a strip-shaped workpiece into the smaller workpieces. The workpiece is preferably clamped between the clamping areas in such a way that when the milling tool is moved into the recess, the narrow side of the workpiece is severed in the area of the recess, ie the workpiece is divided. The two parts of the first and / or second clamping area divided by the recess and in contact with the workpiece then each hold one of the smaller workpieces created by cutting through the strip-shaped workpiece with the milling device. Because the two new workpieces created in this way are from different parts of the same clamping area are held in the immediate vicinity of the milling tool, this creates a stiff clamping that is conducive to the cleanliness of the cut. Another advantage is that only one gripping element is required in the area of each severing cut in order to ensure that the milling tool emerges cleanly from the workpiece. It is not necessary to use two gripping elements on both sides to attack the point at which the milling tool emerges from the narrow side during the final severing of the workpiece.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Fräswerkzeuge entlang der Fräseinrichtung verfahrbar sind. Dies ermöglicht weitere Variationen der Schnittpläne, da so Schnitte in eine zusätzliche Richtung durch die Fräswerkzeuge ausgeführt werden können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn die Fräswerkzeuge entlang der Fräseinrichtung in einer zur ersten Richtung zumindest im Wesentlichen parallelen Richtung verfahrbar sind. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise Positionier- und/oder Vorschubbewegungen der Fräswerkzeuge.It is particularly advantageous if the milling tools can be moved along the milling device. This enables further variations of the cutting plans, since cuts can be made in an additional direction using the milling tools. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the milling tools can be moved along the milling device in a direction at least substantially parallel to the first direction. This advantageously enables positioning and / or feed movements of the milling tools.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der
-
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. -
Fig. 2 zeigt eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. -
Fig. 3 zeigt eine detaillierte Zeichnung einer beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. -
Fig. 4 zeigt einen beispielhaften, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung oder einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren realisierbaren Schnittplan. -
Fig. 5 zeigt eine Detaildarstellung einer Greifeinrichtung einer beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. -
Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise der inFig. 5 dargestellten Greifeinrichtung.
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Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary method according to the invention. -
Fig. 2 shows a greatly simplified schematic representation of a device according to the invention. -
Fig. 3 shows a detailed drawing of an exemplary device according to the invention. -
Fig. 4 shows an exemplary cutting plan that can be implemented with a device according to the invention or a method according to the invention. -
Fig. 5 shows a detailed representation of a gripping device of an exemplary device according to the invention. -
Figures 6 and 7 show a schematic representation of the mode of operation of the inFig. 5 shown gripping device.
Die beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 weist zum Aufteilen der aufzuteilenden plattenförmigen Werkstücke 2 in die streifenförmigen Werkstücke 3 eine Sägeeinrichtung 4 auf. Im gezeigten Beispiel teilt die Sägeeinrichtung 4 die plattenförmigen Werkstücke 2 entlang einer ersten Richtung X, so dass streifenförmige Werkstücke 3 mit einem ersten Paar längerer Schmalseiten 5 und einem Paar kurzer Schmalseiten 6 entstehen. Im gezeigten Beispiel sind die langen Schmalseiten 5 in vorteilhafter Weise zur ersten Richtung X orientiert und behalten diese Orientierung in vorteilhafter Weise im weiteren Verlauf des Verfahrens bei.The
Die Werkstücke werden von der Sägeeinrichtung 4 zunächst in eine Zwischenlagereinrichtung 7 hinein gefördert. Diese ist im gezeigten Beispiel in vorteilhafter Weise nach dem FIFO-Prinzip gestaltet, d.h. die streifenförmigen Werkstücke 3, die als erstes in die Zwischenlagereinrichtung 7 gelangen, verlassen die Zwischenlagereinrichtung 7 auch als erste, wenn sie der Aufteilung durch die Fräseinrichtung 8 zugeführt werden. In der Fräseinrichtung 8 werden die streifenförmigen Werkstücke 3 durch eine Mehrzahl Fräswerkzeuge 9 in die kleineren Werkstücke 10 aufgeteilt.The workpieces are first conveyed by the
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 ist hierbei in vorteilhafter Weise so gestaltet, dass sie die Sägeschnitte 11 entlang einer ersten Richtung X ausführt. Die Schnitte 12 mit den Fräswerkzeugen, die zu den Sägeschnitten senkrecht orientiert sind, werden entsprechend parallel zu einer zweiten, zu der ersten Richtung X senkrechten Richtung Y ausgeführt. Hierfür werden die streifenförmigen Werkstücke 3 mittels einer Vorschubeinrichtung 13 in die zweite Richtung Y bewegt. Die beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist zudem ein vorzugsweise in der ersten Richtung X unbewegliches Fräswerkzeug 14 auf. Die weiteren Fräswerkzeuge 9 sind in vorteilhafter Weise entlang der ersten Richtung X bewegbar an der Fräseinrichtung 8 aufgenommen. Hierdurch werden Schnitte 15 mit den Fräswerkzeugen 9 ermöglicht, die bevorzugt parallel zu den Sägeschnitten 11 verlaufen.The
Das Fräswerkzeug 14 dient dazu, durch einen Materialabtrag an einem Randbereich der streifenförmigen Werkstücke 3, der auch einem Randbereich des ursprünglichen plattenförmigen Werkstücks 2 entspricht, eine saubere Werkstückkante zu gewährleisten. Dementsprechend kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise vorsehen, dass mit Sägeschnitten 11 schmale Streifen an den Randbereichen des plattenförmigen Werkstücks 2 abgetrennt werden, die Verschnitt darstellen, um auch hier saubere Randbereiche der resultierenden kleineren Werkstücke 10 sicherzustellen. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn die Randbereiche der plattenförmigen Werkstücke 2 nicht die erforderliche Qualität aufweisen, die von den Randbereichen der kleineren Werkstücke 10 gefordert wird. Ebenfalls können mit der Sägeeinrichtung im Werkstück 4 endende Sägeschnitte 16 vorgenommen werden, Hierdurch kann in vorteilhafter Weise Bearbeitungszeit bei der Realisierung komplexer Schnittpläne eingespart werden. Ein solcher beispielhafter komplexer Schnittplan ist in
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 weist im gezeigten Beispiel in vorteilhafter Weise eine Zuführeinrichtung 21 mit einer nicht im Detail dargestellten Verschwenkeinrichtung auf. Mit dieser können die plattenförmigen Werkstücke 2, bevor sie der Sägeeinrichtung 4 zugeführt werden, um eine zu ihrer Dickenrichtung parallele Achse verschwenkt werden. Zur Verdeutlichung ist in
Das zwischen den Sägeschnitten 11d und 11e liegende streifenförmige Werkstück weist im beispielhaften Schnittplan Schnitte 15 auf, die parallel zu den Sägeschnitten 11 verlaufen, jedoch mit den Fräswerkzeugen 9 vorgenommen werden. Dies geschieht in vorteilhafter Weise dadurch, dass die Fräswerkzeuge 9 entlang der Fräseinrichtung 8, vorzugsweise parallel zur ersten Richtung X, bewegt werden. Hierdurch kann der Verschnitt noch weiter reduziert werden.The strip-shaped workpiece lying between the saw cuts 11d and 11e has
Besonders vorteilhaft im Zusammenhang mit der beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 ist, dass die Vorschubeinrichtung 13 eine Mehrzahl Greifelemente 17 aufweist. Die Greifelemente 17 sind bevorzugt entlang der Vorschubeinrichtung 13 positionierbar. Vorzugsweise ist hierbei die Richtung, in der die Greifelemente 17 entlang der Vorschubeinrichtung 13 positioniert werden können, parallel zu der ersten Richtung X orientiert. Die Greifelemente 17 sind hierbei so ausgestaltet, dass sie ein streifenförmiges Werkstück 3 bevorzugt im Bereich der entgegen die Förderrichtung weisenden Schmalseite des streifenförmigen Werkstücks 3 greifen können. Es handelt sich dabei bevorzugt um eine der langen Schmalseiten 5 des streifenförmigen Werkstücks 3.It is particularly advantageous in connection with the
Die Greifelemente 17 weisen bevorzugt einen ersten Klemmbereich 18 und einen zweiten Klemmbereich 19 zur Anlage an jeweils einer der Flächenseiten des streifenförmigen Werkstücks 3 auf.The
Besonders bevorzugt weisen nun der erste Klemmbereich 18 und/oder der zweite Klemmbereich 19 eine Aussparung 20 auf, in die ein Fräswerkzeug 9 beim Aufteilen eines streifenförmigen Werkstücks 3 bewegt werden kann. Dieser Vorgang ist insbesondere in den
Claims (8)
- Method for dividing panel-shaped workpieces (2) which comprise wood or a wood substitute as the work material, into a number of smaller workpieces (10), wherein a panel-shaped workpiece (2) which is to be divided is first divided by saw cuts (11) into a number of rectangular strip-shaped workpieces (3) having a first pair of opposing narrow sides (5) and a second pair of opposing narrow sides (6), wherein the first narrow sides (5) are longer than the second narrow sides (5), wherein the strip-shaped workpieces (3) are divided simultaneously in a further method step by a number of milling tools (9) into the smaller workpieces (10) with cuts parallel to the second narrow sides (6), characterised in that after dividing the panel-shaped workpiece (2) the strip-shaped workpieces (3) are conveyed first, preferably in a direction at least substantially parallel to the second narrow sides (6), into an intermediate storage installation (7) for the intermediate storage of the strip-shaped workpieces (3), whilst at the same time strip-shaped workpieces (3) are conveyed out from the intermediate storage installation (7) in a direction at least substantially parallel to the second narrow sides (6), and supplied for division by the milling tools (9).
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that between two saw cuts (17) when dividing up the panel-shaped workpiece (2) one saw cut (16) is formed originating in one of the second narrow sides (6) of a strip-shaped workpiece (3) resulting from the division of the panel-shaped workpiece (2), which saw cut (16) ends in the workpiece, preferably in a region of the workpiece which is to be cut by a milling tool (9) later during the division of the strip-shaped workpiece (3), in particular wherein a cut executed when dividing up the strip-shaped workpiece (3) with a milling tool (9) connects the saw cut (16) to one or both first narrow sides (5).
- Device (1) for dividing panel-shaped workpieces (2), which comprise wood or a wood substitute as the work material, into a number of smaller workpieces (10), in particular according to a method of the previous claims, with a sawing device (4) for dividing the panel-shaped workpieces (2) into a number of strip-shaped workpieces (3) through saw cuts (11) along a first direction (X), wherein the device comprises a milling unit (8) with a plurality of milling tools (9) for dividing the strip-shaped workpieces (3) into the smaller workpieces (10) through a number of cuts (12) made at the same time, in particular parallel to a second direction (Y) at least substantially perpendicular to the first direction (X), characterised in that the device (1) has preferably an intermediate storage installation (7) arranged along the second direction (Y) between the sawing device (4) and the milling unit (8), for the interim storage of the strip-shaped workpieces (3), in particular wherein the intermediate storage device (7) is configured according to the FIFO principle, wherein the milling unit (8) is arranged spatially separated from the sawing device (4).
- Device (1) according to claim 3 characterised in that the device comprises a feed device (21) for feeding the workpieces to the sawing device (4), in particular wherein the feed device (21) comprises a pivoting device for pivoting the panel-shaped workpieces (2) about a vertical axis and/or an axis at least substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the panel-shaped workpiece (2).
- Device according to one of claims 3 or 4 characterised in that the device comprises an advancing device (13) for producing the advancing movement of the strip-shaped workpieces (3), in particular along a second direction (4) at least substantially at right angles to the first direction (X), during their division by the milling tools (9).
- Device (1) according to claim 5 characterised in that the advancing device (13) comprises a plurality, of gripper elements (17), which can be positioned in particular along the advancing device (13), preferably in a direction parallel to the first direction (X), for gripping a conveyed strip-shaped workpiece (3), in particular in the region of the narrow side of the strip-shaped workpiece (3) facing against the conveying direction.
- Device (1) according to claim 6 characterised in that at least one, preferably a plurality, of gripper elements (17) of the advancing device (13) for gripping the conveyed workpiece comprises a first clamping region (18) for bearing against a first flat side of the strip-shaped workpiece (3) and a second clamping region (19) for bearing against a second flat side of the conveyed strip-shaped workpiece (3) opposite the first flat side, wherein the first clamping region (18) and/or the second clamping region (19) has a recess (20) into which a milling tool can be moved relative to the gripper element (17) when dividing a strip-shaped workpiece (3) into the smaller workpieces (10).
- Device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 7 characterised in that the milling tools (9) are movable along the milling unit (13), in particular along a direction at least substantially parallel to the first direction (X).
Priority Applications (1)
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PL17840432T PL3525997T3 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-08 | Method and device for dividing panel-shaped workpieces |
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DE102016014682.6A DE102016014682A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2016-12-09 | Method and device for dividing plate-shaped workpieces |
PCT/EP2017/082083 WO2018104532A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-08 | Method and device for dividing panel-shaped workpieces |
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EP3525997A1 EP3525997A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
EP3525997B1 true EP3525997B1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
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US (1) | US20190358847A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3525997B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110062684A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112019010467A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016014682A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3525997T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018104532A1 (en) |
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DE102019108575A1 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-10-10 | Dirk Schweinforth | Method for milling plate-shaped workpieces from a material plate |
DE102018131527A1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-10 | Ima Schelling Deutschland Gmbh | Process for processing plate-shaped workpieces |
DE102021107217A1 (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | H-Flachs Gmbh | Process and device for the production of material panels |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT1292576B1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-02-08 | Scm Group Autec Division Spa | PLANT FOR THE DEFINITION AND REALIZATION OF WOODEN PANELS FOR FURNITURE. |
DE10317486B4 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-02-16 | Wassmer Spezialmaschinen Gmbh | Device with a drilling unit and a milling unit |
ITBO20030645A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-01 | Giben Int Spa | PANEL ROTATION DEVICE. |
DE102006002504A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-08-02 | Holzma Plattenaufteiltechnik Gmbh | Plate processing device with a saw unit |
DE102006055232A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Ima Klessmann Gmbh Holzbearbeitungssysteme | Method and machine for splitting a large-size raw plate |
ITMO20080193A1 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-15 | Scm Group Spa | APPARATUS AND METHOD TO CUT PANELS |
DE102008034050A1 (en) | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Holzma Plattenaufteiltechnik Gmbh | Method for splitting large-format plate-shaped workpieces, as well as panel splitter |
EP2156914A1 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-24 | Arnout De Lille | A control system and associated method for cutting |
DE102008058623B4 (en) * | 2008-11-22 | 2014-05-08 | Wemhöner Systems Technologies AG | Method and device for cutting floor, wall or ceiling panels provided with edge profiles |
DE102008060751A1 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-17 | Holzma Plattenaufteiltechnik Gmbh | Board partitioning system has feed platform for displaying plate shaped work piece, and feed device for moving work piece in feeding direction |
IT1394830B1 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-07-20 | Biesse Spa | CUTTING MACHINE FOR WOODEN PANELS OR THE LIKE |
ITBO20120268A1 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-17 | Biesse Spa | MACHINE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOOD OR SIMILAR COMPONENTS |
DE102013007556A1 (en) | 2013-05-04 | 2014-11-06 | Ima Klessmann Gmbh Holzbearbeitungssysteme | Method of editing a large format plate |
DE102014006693A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Ima Klessmann Gmbh Holzbearbeitungssysteme | Method for separating plate-shaped workpieces from a plate-shaped semifinished product |
EP3012053B1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-09-20 | BIESSE S.p.A. | Machine for cutting panels made of wood, plastic or the like |
EP3100835B1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-11-08 | G.P. Consulting di Giuseppe Pritelli & C. S.a.s. | Optimisation management method and system for lean production in panel production lines in the furniture industry |
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2016
- 2016-12-09 DE DE102016014682.6A patent/DE102016014682A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2017
- 2017-12-08 PL PL17840432T patent/PL3525997T3/en unknown
- 2017-12-08 CN CN201780075619.0A patent/CN110062684A/en active Pending
- 2017-12-08 US US16/467,650 patent/US20190358847A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-08 BR BR112019010467A patent/BR112019010467A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-08 EP EP17840432.3A patent/EP3525997B1/en active Active
- 2017-12-08 WO PCT/EP2017/082083 patent/WO2018104532A1/en unknown
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PL3525997T3 (en) | 2022-04-04 |
EP3525997A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
WO2018104532A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
CN110062684A (en) | 2019-07-26 |
DE102016014682A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
US20190358847A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
BR112019010467A2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
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