Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
  • A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
  • A61G5/068—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps with extensible supports pushing upwards, e.g. telescopic legs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
  • A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
  • A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
  • A61G5/061—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps for climbing stairs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
  • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
  • A61G5/1056—Arrangements for adjusting the seat
  • A61G5/1059—Arrangements for adjusting the seat adjusting the height of the seat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
  • A61G2203/10—General characteristics of devices characterised by specific control means, e.g. for adjustment or steering
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
  • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
  • A61G2203/32—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for force
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
  • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
  • A61G2203/40—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for distance
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
  • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
  • A61G2203/42—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for inclination
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
  • A61G2203/70—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort
  • A61G2203/72—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort for collision prevention
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
  • A61G5/04—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven
  • A61G5/041—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven having a specific drive-type
  • A61G5/046—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven having a specific drive-type at least three driven wheels

Definitions

• the invention is in the field of mobility aid vehicles, such vehicles being motorized and controllable through control means integrated with the vehicle.
• the invention relates more particularly to a mobility aid vehicle, for example a wheelchair or a stroller, particularly adapted to travel on non-flat and / or uneven terrain and to cross obstacles without hindrance.
• a mobility aid vehicle for example a wheelchair or a stroller, particularly adapted to travel on non-flat and / or uneven terrain and to cross obstacles without hindrance.
• Such a vehicle therefore provides the person who commands it improved autonomy.
• FR2618066 a self-propelled wheelchair for disabled with an automatic verticalization device.
• the chair comprises an adjustable seat disposed on a box and a plurality of tracks surrounding notched rollers, the tracks being connected to the frame of the seat by legs articulated to said frame according to pivoted motor joints with the aid of jacks.
• each leg includes a second pivot joint.
• this self-propelled chair has the disadvantage of having a very heavy mechanism and very complex to implement and allows to cross obstacles only low height. It is also known from JP1 1 128278 a wheelchair comprising four articulated legs with a pantograph type mechanism, the legs being fixed at one end under the seat of the chair and having at the other end an electric motor wheel. integrated. The leg joints are further motorized by jacks.
• this chair has, by its structure general and in particular by the arrangement of articulated legs, a limited overall and lateral stability.
• this type of chair is not able to overcome obstacles of high height or recessed due to a low forward extension capacity of the front axle.
• the invention thus aims to provide a mobility aid vehicle, such as an armchair or a stroller, adapted to overcome the high obstacles encountered, while ensuring optimum stability of the chair during the crossing of said obstacle.
• the mobility aid vehicle comprises a mechanical structure supporting at least one carrier plate, control means, at least four articulated legs each comprising first and second segments interconnected by a first joint motorized, one end of each first segment being mounted on the mechanical structure, the vehicle further comprising motorized wheels respectively mounted on respective free ends of the second segments, characterized in that i. each first segment is mounted on one of the lateral sides of the mechanical structure by a second motorized articulation, each opposite lateral side being connected to at least two legs, and in that ii. the control means are capable of driving independently of each other the first and second motorized joints of the legs, in particular in successive lifting of said legs to overcome an obstacle.
• the mobility aid vehicle of the invention may also include the following optional features considered in isolation or according to all the possible technical combinations:
• Each first segment is mounted in the lower part of the mechanical structure.
• Each first and second motorized articulation is driven by a dedicated actuator controlled by the control means, the actuator being able to take the shape, for example, of an electric motor or a hydraulic or electric cylinder.
• the actuators each comprise a position sensor connected to the control means, so that said control means know and control in real time the spatial coordinates of each wheel of the vehicle relative to the mechanical structure of the vehicle.
• the vehicle comprises means for detecting the inclination of the carrier plate with respect to a horizontal plane, these inclination detection means being connected to the control means, and the control means are able to control the actuators to adjust the position of the legs whose wheels are in contact with the ground so that the angle of inclination of the carrier plate relative to the horizontal plane is less than a determined angle value.
• the control means are able to calculate in real time the spatial coordinates of the center of gravity of the vehicle from the data from the position sensors of the actuators.
• control means Prior to the lifting of a leg, the control means are able to control the position of the center of gravity of the chair by controlling the actuators to change the position of the legs, so that the projected coordinates of the center of gravity in the horizontal plane are included in a lift polygon defined by the projected coordinates of the wheels intended to remain in contact with the ground in said plane after lifting of the leg in question.
• the vehicle comprises a three-dimensional vision system controlled by the control means and adapted to detect at least one obstacle to be passed by the vehicle, the vision system for determining the distance of the obstacle to the vehicle and at least one vertical coordinate of the obstacle representing its height.
• Each front wheel of the vehicle is articulated about a longitudinal axis of the corresponding segment, and the rotation of each wheel around this longitudinal axis is controlled by the control means to allow the vehicle to be oriented.
• Each wheel comprises an angle sensor connected to the control means and able to measure the angle formed between the own axis of rotation of the wheel in question and a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
• the leg joints each comprise at least one substantially horizontal and transverse axis of rotation.
• the carrier plate is a seat of said vehicle.
• the invention also relates to a controlled obstacle crossing method by successive lifting of the legs of a vehicle as described above, characterized in that it comprises at least the successive steps: i. determining by the control means the coordinates of the center of gravity of the vehicle as a function of the various data from the position sensors of the actuators, and as a function of the dimensions and masses of the elements constituting the vehicle and if appropriate carried by said vehicle; ii. detection by the control means of the wheels resting on the ground according to the data provided by force sensors respectively integral wheels and selection by the control means of the wheels which will remain in support on the ground after lifting the lifting wheel; iii.
• the method may also include the following optional features considered in isolation or in any possible technical combination:
• the lift polygon defined prior to the lifting of the wheel in question is a triangle, the vehicle (1) comprising four legs.
• the successive steps i to iv are repeated in a loop so that the determination of the coordinates of the center of gravity and the maintenance of its position in the corresponding levitation polygon are carried out in real time and at each stage of the loop.
• the method comprises a preliminary step of determining the initial coordinates of the center of gravity of the vehicle comprising at least the successive sub-steps: i. actuating by the control means of the actuators of the joints of the two front or rear legs to lengthen the latter in the longitudinal direction, so that the center of gravity of the vehicle is located in the vicinity of one of the front or rear parts of the vehicle, the wheels all being supported on the ground (34) and the carrier plate being horizontal; ii. raising, by the actuators considered controlled by the control means, one of the two elongate legs of the vehicle to lift the wheel considered; iii.
• FIG. 1 is an overall perspective representation of the mobility aid vehicle according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a side view of the vehicle of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a front view of the vehicle of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 represents the vehicle of FIG. 1 traveling on a sloping ground
• FIG. 5 represents the vehicle of FIG. 1 traveling on a slope terrain
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the vehicle of the invention whose seat is raised by extension of the articulated legs of the vehicle;
• FIG. 7 is a side view of the vehicle of the invention in its configuration of Figure 6;
• - 8A represents the vehicle of the invention stable on four wheels and the projection of its center of gravity in a lift polygon;
• FIGS. 8B and 8C illustrate, during the lifting of a front wheel, a kinematics of the displacement of the center of gravity of the vehicle of the invention to move its projection in the triangle of levitation formed by the three wheels remaining on the ground;
• FIGS. 8D and 8E illustrate, during the lifting of a rear wheel, a kinematics of the displacement of the center of gravity of the vehicle of the invention to move its projection in the triangle of levitation formed by the three wheels remaining on the ground;
• FIGS. 9A to 9D illustrate a kinematics of the crossing of a large obstacle by the vehicle of the invention;
• FIG. 10A to 10F illustrate a kinematic of the rise of a staircase by the vehicle of the invention. It is first of all specified that in the figures, the same references designate the same elements regardless of the figure on which they appear and regardless of the form of representation of these elements. Similarly, if elements are not specifically referenced in one of the figures, their references can be easily found by referring to another figure.
• the present invention relates to a mobility aid vehicle 1 adapted to climb stairs uphill or downhill, to overcome obstacles in relief or recessed (eg a gutter), while keeping the horizontal base even on sloping or sloping terrain.
• the vehicle of the invention also allows, excluding obstacle clearance, to raise the seat to carry the passenger up to standing people. This autonomy provided to the passenger or the user of said vehicle 1 is greatly improved: there is no need for third party or need additional device to benefit from these capabilities.
• the mobility aid vehicle 1 of the invention is a motorized wheelchair comprising a mechanical structure 2 supporting at least one carrier plate 3, said tray including being a seat, and is compatible with all the amenities necessary for a physical disability (eg ergonomic adjustments of the seat, backrest 4, wedge feet 5).
• the mechanical structure 2 is a metal frame formed of sections, this frame comprising in particular a lower portion 20, an intermediate portion 21 on which the seat 3 rests, a front portion 23 at the end of which is secured the hold -foot 5, and an upper portion 22 supporting the side armrests 25a, 25b.
• the mechanical structure 2 comprises a rear portion 24 on which the back rest 4. This rear portion 24 is also provided with two handles 26a, 26b to allow a valid user to maneuver the chair 1.
• the wheelchair 1 is of the electric type and has in particular an electric battery (not shown), wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 b, 1 1 c, 1 1 each powered by an integrated electric motor, and a control panel 13 comprising at least one control handle 14, commonly referred to as English "joystick", and integral part of control means 19 of the vehicle.
• the console 13 allows the passenger of the wheelchair 1 to control it to advance, retreat, turn, stop, raise or lower the mechanical structure and therefore the seat 3.
• the chair 1 comprises four articulated legs 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d rotatably mounted on the lower portion 20 of the mechanical structure 2. More precisely and according to the invention, the two pairs of legs are mounted respectively on the two lateral sides 200 of the lower part 20 of the mechanical structure and on the outside of the structure.
• Each leg 6a - 6d comprises first 7a - 7d and second segments 8a - 8d connected together, at two respective ends, by a first articulation 9a - 9d motorized by an actuator 90a - 90d driven by the means of control 19.
• This articulation 9a-9d is preferably rotatable along a transverse axis, that is to say parallel to the Y axis of the orthonormal frame.
• the first segment 7a-7d which can be likened to the "thigh" of the leg 6a-6d, is rotatably mounted on the mechanical structure 20 at its end by a second articulation 10a-10d motorized by a other actuator 100a-100d, also controlled by the control means 19.
• This other articulation 10a-10d is also preferably rotatable along a transverse axis, parallel to the Y axis of the orthonormal frame.
• the actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 100d allowing the movement of the two joints 9a - 9d and 10a - 10d of the leg 6a - 6d may be of the electric motor type, or hydraulic or electric cylinder.
• the second segment of the leg 8a-8d which can be likened to the "shin" of the leg 6a - 6d, comprises at its free end a wheel 1 1a-1 1 d mounted on its fork 12a - 12d and motorized for example using a hub motor (not shown).
• the wheel January 1 - 1 1b can rotate about the longitudinal axis of the second segment 8a - 8d to allow the chair 1 to rotate.
• the control means 19 control the various actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 10Od of the joints 9a - 9d, 10a - 10d of the legs 6a - 6d, and the motors allowing the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d to move chair 1 or rotate it.
• the controls can be sent in a controlled manner by the passenger through the joystick 14 of the control panel 13, but can also be sent automatically depending on the environment around the chair.
• the control means 19 comprise a computer (not shown) which is adapted to take into account the orders of the passenger or the user through the control panel 13, but also to take into account the state of the chair (that is to say in particular the position of the legs 6a - 6d, wheels 1 1 a - 1 d and the seat 3) and the surrounding obstacles to allow the computer to send automatic commands in case of necessity, for example crossing an obstacle 33, 35.
• the control means 19 also comprise a memory space in which the specific characteristics of the chair 1 of the invention, including the various dimensions, positions and masses of the elements constituting it , are saved.
• the chair 1 thus comprises a plurality of means for the control means 19 to analyze the state of the chair 1 and the surrounding obstacles.
• the chair 1 comprises a three-dimensional vision system 15, for example a stereoscopic vision system, or a lidar or radar type system, controlled by the control means 19.
• This system is preferentially oriented towards the front of the chair 1, in other words in the direction of the vision of the passenger of the chair 1.
• this vision system 15 can also be oriented in other directions.
• the vision system 15 is integrated in one of the armrests 25b, the control panel 13 being integrated in the other armrest 25a.
• the vision system 15 thus makes it possible to characterize the obstacles 33, 35 occurring in the field of vision of the vision system 15, that is to say to define the position and the dimensions of the obstacle 33, 35 in the reference frame orthonormed X, Y and Z axes relative to the reference frame of the chair 1.
• the first 9a-9d and second 10a-10d joints of each leg 6a-6d are each provided with a position sensor (not shown) connected to the control means 19.
• the control means 19 know in real time the state of the joints 9a-9d, 10a-10d of each leg 6a-6d, which allows said control means 19, knowing the dimensions of all the elements of the chair (including wheels 1 1 a-1 1 d, segments 7a - 7d, 8a - 8d legs 6a - 6d and parts 20 - 24 of the mechanical structure 2), to deduce the position of each wheel 1 1 a - 1 1 d of the chair 1 in the X, Y and Z axis mark relative to the chair 1.
• control means 19 use the data of the position sensors of the joints 9a-9d, 10a-10d to control the displacement of the legs 6a-6d towards a determined position.
• each position sensor can be integrated into the actuator considered 90a-90d and 100a-10Od.
• Each wheel 1 1 1 a - 1 1 d is provided with an angular sensor connected to the control means 19 and able to measure the angle formed between the own axis of rotation of the wheel and the transverse direction Y.
• the control means 19 use the data of the angle sensors to control the rotation of the chair 1.
• the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d just like the actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 100d of the joints 9a - 9d, 10a - 10d, are controlled in a closed loop by the control means.
• Each wheel 1 1 a - 1 d is further provided with a force sensor (not shown) connected to the control means 19, to enable it to identify which wheel 1 1 a -1 1 d is in support on the floor 16, 17, 34, 36.
• the chair is equipped with tilt detection means (not shown) of the seat 3 of the chair 1 relative to a plane (X, Y), that is to say a horizontal plane.
• inclination detection means connected to the control means 19 and preferably positioned under the seat 3 at the center of the latter, comprise for example a gyroscope or a gyroscope.
• control means 19 are able to control the actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 100d of the joints 9a - 9d and 10a - 10d to adjust the position of the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d in contact with the ground 16, 17, 34, 36 so that the angle of inclination of the seat 3 with respect to the horizontal plane (X, Y) is less than a determined angle value and recorded in the memory space of the means of control 19.
• the computer control means 19 is adapted to develop and send the appropriate commands to different actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 100d of the joints 9a - 9d, 10a - 10d of the legs 6a - 6d and to the motors of the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d.
• the coordination of the legs 6a - 6d and the wheels 1 1 1 a - 1 1 d is further performed by the computer. It is therefore not necessary that the passenger or the user is concerned to control each actuator or wheel motor 1 1 a - 1 1 d, or to ensure the stability of the chair 1.
• the rolling mode in flat terrain 34 of the chair 1 of the invention is identical to that of a conventional electric wheelchair 1: the legs 6a - 6d supporting the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d are at rest, that is to say that the chair 1 is in a low position, and only the wheel motors 1 1 a - 1 1 d are activated.
• the vision system 15 is not necessary for this driving mode.
• Figures 6 and 7 show the chair 1 when the seat 3 is in its raised position.
• the control means 19 control the actuators 90a-90d and 100a-100d of the joints 9a-9d, 10a-10d of the four legs 6a. - 6d to allow their synchronized extension, so that the seat 3 remains horizontal. This ultimately allows the passenger to be raised.
• control means 19 are able to compensate for a loss of horizontality by accentuating the movement on one or more legs 6a - 6d of the chair 1.
• This feedback loop to maintain the horizontality of the seat 3, is also used by said control means 19 during a displacement on steep terrain 16 or slope 17, as shown in Figures 4 and 5
• the computer detects the inclination of the seat 3 thanks to the information from the inclination detection means.
• the computer corrects the inclination of the seat 3, and therefore the chair 1, by controlling the actuators 90a - 90d and 100a - 100d of the joints 9a - 9d, 10a - 10d to lengthen the legs 6a - 6d on the side where the chair 1 leans, and thus restore the horizontality of the seat 3, that is to say until the angle of inclination is less than the determined value recorded in the memory space of the control means 19.
• the four legs 6a - 6d thus make it possible to correct the attitude in roll and pitch and thus to keep the seat 3 horizontal: In a rise or a descent 16 (FIG. 4), the pitch being corrected by the difference in length of the front legs 6a, 6b and rear 6c, 6d,
• the detection of the inclination and the correction of the inclination is also carried out in real time, which ensures a maintenance of the horizontality of the seat even in case of continuous variation of the slope or the skew of the seat.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the crossing of obstacles 33, 35 which are varied, whether in the form of recesses, bumps 33, stair steps 36, or even the entrance armchair 1 in an unattended automobile trunk.
• the computer determines in real time the evolution of the position of the center of gravity 18 of the chair 1.
• the computer determines the position of the center of gravity 18 of the chair 1, directly depending on the dimensions and masses of the elements constituting the chair 1 and the position of the legs 6a - 6d and the wheels 1 1 has - 1 1 d.
• the computer knows the coordinates of the center of gravity 18 in the reference frame of the chair 1, that is to say relative to the wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d.
• the computer will detect which wheels 1 1 a -1 1 d are resting on the ground 16, 17, 34, 36 using the information from the force sensors, and define the coordinates of a lifting polygon 30 formed by the projection of the coordinates, in the reference (X, Y, Z) of the chair 1, wheels 1 1 ap, 1 1 bp, 1 1 cp, 1 1 dp in contact with the ground in the horizontal plane.
• the calculator defines the triangle of levitation 32 formed by the projection of the coordinates, in the reference frame ( X, Y, Z) of the chair 1, the three wheels remained in contact with the ground in the horizontal plane [0049]
• the control means 19 actuate the actuators 90a-90d, 100a-100d so that the projected coordinates 18p in said horizontal plane of the center of gravity 18 of the chair 1 are included in the lift polygon 30.
• the presence of the projected coordinates of the center of gravity 18p within the support polygon 30 ensures the stable balance of the chair 1, and there is in these conditions no risk of overturning or tilting said chair 1. It is considered that the projected center of gravity 18p is also included in the lift polygon 30 if said projected center of gravity 18p is located on one side of said lift polygon 30.
• the computer implements a preliminary step, for example at the beginning of the mission, which makes it possible to determine the initial coordinates of the center of gravity 18, this preliminary step comprising the following successive substeps.
• the control means 19 control the actuators 90a-90b, 100a-100b of the joints 9a-9b, 10a-10b of the two front legs 6a, 6b to lengthen the latter in the longitudinal direction X, that is to say towards the front of the chair 1. In this way, the center of gravity 18 of the vehicle 1 is located in the vicinity of the rear portion 23 of the vehicle 1.
• the control means 19 control the actuators considered 90a, 90b, 100a, 100b to lift one of the two elongated legs 6a, 6b during the first substep. For example, it is the right front leg 6a is raised and a fortiori the associated wheel 1 1 a.
• the control means 19 drive the actuators 90b, 100b of the elongated leg 6b whose wheel 1 1b is supported on the ground 34, so as to fold towards the structure 2. This is the left front leg 6b.
• the wheel considered 1 1b resting on the ground 34 therefore moves gradually in the longitudinal direction X to the chair 1.
• this wheel 1 1b approaches the chair 1, it approaches the center of gravity 18.
• the calculator detects a variation of angle between the seat 3 and the horizontal plane which is greater than a determined value recorded in the memory space of the control means 19, the computer using the data coming from the means of control. 3.
• the computer then records at this time the coordinates of the wheels resting on the ground 34. In this case, it is the left front wheel 1 1b and the rear wheels 1 1 c, 1 1 d.
• the center of gravity is positioned in the center of the right segment which extends from the front wheel 1 1 b in support on the ground 34 to the rear wheel 1 1 d on the opposite side side. This is here the left front wheel 1 1b and the rear right wheel 1 1 d.
• the computer assigns coordinates to the center of gravity 18 of the chair 1 relative to the coordinates of the three wheels 1 1 b, 1 1 c, 1 1 d resting on the ground 34, when the passenger is installed on the seat 3, these coordinates forming the initial coordinates of the center of gravity 18.
• this preliminary step For this preliminary step to be performed safely, the maneuver is performed on flat ground, and the wheel considered 1 1 a - 1 d is raised only a few centimeters during the first sub-step.
• the control means 19 adapting in this case the control of the actuators considered and the determination of the coordinates of the wheels considered.
• this preliminary step of determining the initial coordinates of the center of gravity 18 of the chair 1, which can be considered as a calibration step, can be performed at any time by the passenger by launching via the control panel 13 a program adapted and stored in the memory space of the control means 19, this program implementing the preliminary step described above.
• This calibration step can also be performed at any time by the computer, which observes the dynamics of the means for detecting the inclination of the chair and calculates the theoretical dynamics of the center of gravity 18 from its initial coordinates stored and positions of the actuators during the mission of displacement and obstacle clearance.
• the computer can then trigger a resetting of the center of gravity 18 according to the calibration step described above.
• FIGS. 8A to 8C a method of maintaining the stability of the chair 1 in the event of lifting one of the wheels 1 1 a-1 1 d before the chair 1 is going to be described. Abuse of language will be admitted in the following simply citing the center of gravity 18, and not its projected coordinates 18p, to ensure clarity when reading.
• the lift polygon 30 is a quadrilateral 31 and the center of gravity 18p is substantially at the intersection of the diagonals 31a of the quadrilateral 31 for optimum stability of the chair 1.
• the support polygon in this case, where all the wheels are in contact with the ground, will be a hexagon .
• the levitation polygon is a polygon of N vertices.
• the computer Prior to the lifting of the right front wheel 1 1 a ( Figure 8B), the computer selects the wheels that will remain in contact with the ground to define the coordinates of the corresponding levitation triangle 32. Then, the control means 19 will control the corresponding actuators to move the center of gravity 18p in the new support polygon 30, namely the triangle 32 formed by the projection of the coordinates of the wheels which will ultimately remain in contact with the ground 34, that is to say say the two rear wheels 8c, 8d and the left front wheel 8b ( Figure 8C).
• FIG. 8B Prior to the lifting of the right front wheel 1 1 a ( Figure 8B), the computer selects the wheels that will remain in contact with the ground to define the coordinates of the corresponding levitation triangle 32. Then, the control means 19 will control the corresponding actuators to move the center of gravity 18p in the new support polygon 30, namely the triangle 32 formed by the projection of the coordinates of the wheels which will ultimately remain in contact with the ground 34, that is to say say the two rear wheels 8c, 8d
• control means 19 control the displacement of the seat 3 of the chair 1 towards the rear wheels 8c, 8d (by moving away from the first segments 7a, 7b and second segments 8a, 8b of the front legs 6a, 6b and removal of the first segments 7c, 7d and second segments 8c; 8d of the rear legs 6c, 6d), which moves the center of gravity 18 accordingly.
• the control means 19 control the lifting of the right front wheel 1 1a.
• any wheel 1 1 a - 1 1 d of the chair 1 can be raised independently of the others, as long as the control means 19 allow the prior displacement of the center of gravity 18p in the new suspension triangle considered 32 following the raising of the corresponding wheel.
• the 3D vision system 15 detects the presence of an obstacle 35 in the direction of movement of the chair 1, for example towards the front of the chair 1 when it is in forward motion, as represented in FIG. 9A.
• the obstacle 33 being a step
• the control means 19 will control the movement of the chair 1 to its raised position, as described above. This step of elevation does not take place in the case of the crossing of a gutter.
• the computer controls from the information from the vision system 15 the coordinates in the reference frame of the chair 1 of the obstacle 33, to obtain at least one height data (vertical coordinate) and the distance separating the obstacle 33 the wheel closest to said obstacle 33.
• the calculator thus determines in real time this distance between the obstacle 33 of the wheel 1 1 a-1 1 d. It also determines if the height of the obstacle 33 allows to pass the front part 23 and the footrest 5 of the chair 1.
• the maximum height of an object 33 that can be crossed is of the order of adding the lengths of the first segment 7a-7d and the second segment 8a-8d.
• the control means 19 continue to act on the actuators 90b - 90d and 100b - 10Od legs 6b - 6d whose wheels 1 1 b - 1 d are still resting on the ground 34 so as to continue to raise the seat 3, and also continue on the motors of the wheels 1 1 a-1 1 d so that the chair 1 continues to advance.
• the advance of the chair 1 and the rise of the wheel 1 1 a are continuous, smoothly.
• a third step as soon as the computer detects the presence of the right front wheel 1 1 has raised above the obstacle 33, the control means 19 control the installation of said wheel 1 1 a on the top obstacle 33 (FIG. 9B).
• the chair 1 remains permanently in a static stability situation on the other three wheels 1 1 b - 1 1 d ground support 34, as described above for the stability maintenance process of the chair 1.
• the movement is similar in the case of an obstacle down: lift the wheel 1 1 a and put on the step below or in the gutter. In all cases, the advance of the chair 1 and the descent of the wheel 1 1 a are continuous, smoothly.
• the control means 19 repeat the second and third stages of the method for the wheel next 1 1b closest to the obstacle 33 and having not yet crossed. In Referring to Figure 9C, this is the left front wheel 1 1b.
• the conditions of stability and progression of the chair are identical to what has been described for the front right wheel 1 1 a.
• the control means 19 decrease the lengthening of the front legs 6a, 6b by slowing the advance of the front wheels 1 1a, 1 1b relative to the rear wheels 1 1c, 1 1 d, in order to shift the center of gravity 18 forward according to the method of maintaining the stability of the chair 1.
• the vertical distance separating the top of the obstacle 33 from the lower part of the footrest 5 is greater than or equal to a margin whose value is stored in the memory space. In the case of a descent into a gutter for example, it is the vertical distance separating the top of the obstacle 33 from the lower part of the rear 20 of the chair 1 which is greater than or equal to the margin.
• a fifth step when the center of gravity 18p is in the lifting triangle 32 of the two front wheels 1 1a, 1 1b with the rear wheel 1 1c resting on the ground 34, the control means 19 pilot lift and then ask the other rear wheel 1 1 d on the obstacle 33 by acting on the actuators 90d and 10Od of the leg in question 6d.
• this fifth step is repeated for the crossing of the last wheel 1 1 c, that is to say the left rear wheel 1 1 c.
• the control means 19 have controlled the displacement of the center of gravity 18p in the lift triangle 32 whose vertices are represented by the bearing points of the other three wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 b, 1 1 d on the top of the obstacle 33.
• the control means 19 have allowed the chair to easily cross the single obstacle 33, fluidly and without jolts or shocks.
• the chair of the invention is also able to go up or down stairs 35.
• a The method of climbing a staircase 35 is as follows for a chair 1 in continuous movement during the entire climb of the staircase 35.
• FIGS. 10A to 10F thus describe a non-limiting example of a kinematic crossing for climbing a staircase 35 by succession of steps in a situation of permanent static stability by applying the stability maintenance method as described hereinabove. above.
• the first four steps defined below, however, are not shown in Figures 10A to 10F.
• a first step approaching the staircase 35, the 3D vision system 15 detects the presence of said staircase 35 in front of the chair 1.
• the control means 19 will control the movement of the chair 1 to its raised position, as described above. This elevation step does not take place in the case not shown of the descent of a staircase 35.
• the computer controls from the information from the vision system 15 the coordinates in the frame of the chair of the first steps 36, to obtain at least one piece of height (vertical coordinate) of each step, the depth of each step 36 and the distance between the first step and the nearest wheel.
• the computer thus determines in real time this distance separating the first step of the wheel. It also determines whether the height of the step allows to pass the front portion 23 and the footrest 5 of the chair 1.
• a second step as soon as the distance between the wheel closest to the step and said step 36 is less than or equal to another determined value stored in the memory space of the control means 19, the latter drive the raising the wheel considered 1 1 a - 1 1 d so that the latter is found above the top of the step 36. It will mostly be a front wheel 1 1 a, 1 1 b, because the chair 1 is adapted to take the stairs 35 by advancing, whether on the ascent or descent.
• the control means continue to act on the actuators 90b - 90d and 100b - 100d legs 6b, 6c, 6d whose wheels 1 1b, 1 1 c , 1 1 d are always resting on the ground so as to continue to raise the seat 3, but also on the wheel motors 1 1 a-1 1 d for the chair 1 continues to advance.
• the advance of the chair 1 and the rise of the wheel 1 1 a are continuous, smoothly.
• a third step as soon as the computer detects the presence of the right front wheel lift 1 1a above the first step 36, the control means 19 control the setting of said wheel 1 1a on the top 36 During this movement, the chair 1 remains permanently in a static stability situation on the other three wheels 1 1 b, 1 1 c, 1 1 d ground support, as has been described above above for the method of maintaining the stability of the chair 1.
• the movement is similar in the case of a first step 36 down: lift the wheel 1 1 a and ask on the step below 36. In all cases, the advance of the chair 1 and the descent of the wheel is done continuously, smoothly.
• the control means 19 control the actuators 90a - 90d and 100a-100d so that the mechanical structure 2 of the wheelchair advances above the first step 36. This means that the height of the footrest 5 is greater than the height of the riser 37 of the step 36, to avoid any shock between the footrest 5 and the next step 36, the second step.
• the computer then repeats the second, third and fourth process steps for the next closest wheel 1 1 b of the first step 36 and has not yet crossed it, that is to say the other front wheel 1 1 b.
• the conditions of stability and progression of the chair 1 are identical to what has been described for the front right wheel 1 1 a.
• the second, third and fourth preceding steps are repeated. so that only the two front wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 b are successively placed on the steps of the stairs 35.
• the number of steps 36 which will be, in a first time, crossed only by the front wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 b depends on the stiffness of the stairs 5.
• the control means 19 initiates the following steps of the method consisting in mounting the staircase 35 with the aid of the four wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d, the rear wheels 1 1 c, 1 1 d of the chair 1 can no longer roll.
• the computer memorizes step by step the depth and riser height 37 of each step 36.
• the motors of the four wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 d are controlled to lock said wheels 1 1 a -1 1 d.
• the control means 19 implement the stability maintenance method for moving the center of gravity 18p of the chair in the lift triangle 32 formed by the projections of the two front wheels 1 1 ap, 1 1 bp and the rear wheel resting on the ground, the left rear wheel 1 1 cp.
• control means 19 then drive the lifting of the right rear wheel 1 1 d, the chair 1 being in stability on the other three wheels 1 1 a - 1 1 c.
• the actuators 90d, 10Od of the right rear leg 6d it thus realizes for this wheel 1 d the three successive sub-steps:
• the chair 1 thus arrives at the position illustrated in Figure 10B, from which the seventh step of the method is implemented to move the center of gravity 18p of the chair 1 in the triangle of levitation 32 formed by the projections the two rear wheels 1 1 cp, 1 1 dp and the front wheel 1 1 bp resting on the ground, the left front wheel.
• the control means 19 stabilize the chair before raising the right front wheel 1 1 a according to the method of maintaining the stability of the chair 1 described above.
• control means 19 then drive the lifting of the right front wheel 1 1 a, the chair being in stability on the other three wheels 1 1 b - 1 1 c .
• the control means 19 thus perform for this wheel 1 1a the three successive sub-steps described in the previous step.
• the chair 1 thus arrives at the position shown in Figure 10C, and wherein the center of gravity 18p is in the rear portion of the quadrilateral levitation 31.
• the eighth step of the method is then implemented to move the center of gravity 18p of the chair in the lift triangle 32 formed by the projections of the two front wheels 1 1 ap, 1 1 bp and the rear wheel resting on the ground, the right rear wheel 1 1 dp.
• the control means 19 stabilize the chair 1 before the lifting of the left rear wheel 1 1 c, according to the stability maintenance method.
• the chair 1 is then in the position shown in Figure 10D.
• control means 19 then drive the lifting of the left rear wheel 1 1 c, the chair 1 being stable on the other three wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 b , 1 1 d.
• the control means 19 thus perform for this wheel 1 1a the three successive sub-steps described in step six.
• the chair thus arrives at the position shown in Figure 10E, and wherein the control means 19 providing for the movement of the left front wheel 1 1b.
• the center of gravity 18p is already in the lift triangle 32 formed by the projections of the two rear wheels 1 1 cp, 1 1 dp and right front wheel 1 1 ap, the control means 19 do not need to control the displacement of said center of gravity 18 before raising the wheel considered 1 1 b.
• control means 19 then drive the lift of the left front wheel 1 1b, the chair 1 being stable on the other three wheels 1 1 a, 1 1 c , 1 1 d.
• the control means 19 thus perform for this wheel 1 1a the three successive sub-steps described in step six.
• the chair 1 thus arrives at the position illustrated in FIG. 10F, and in which the center of gravity 18p is in the rear part of the lift quadrilateral 31.
• the ninth stage of the process is then implemented to move the center of gravity 18p of the chair 1 in the lift triangle 32 formed by the projections of two front wheels 1 1 ap, 1 1 bp and the rear wheel resting on the ground, the left rear wheel 1 1 cp.
• the control means 19 stabilize the chair 1 before raising the rear right wheel 1 1 d, according to the stability maintenance method.
• the chair 1 is then again in the position shown in Figure 10A, and the cycle starts again as the stairs 35 is not completely crossed.
• this method also applies to the descent of a staircase 35, and the steps described above apply substantially in the same way, with the difference that in the sixth step, the control means 19 control the lifting of the wheel in question, the chair 1 being stable on the other three wheels.
• the control means 19 control the lifting of the wheel in question, the chair 1 being stable on the other three wheels.
• control means drive all of the actuators 90a-90d and 100a-100d of the joints 9a-9d, 10a-10d to raise or lower the chair 1 while that the latter remains stable and the seat 3 remains horizontal.
• the limit for the crossing of a staircase 35 by the chair 1 of the invention is not determined by the height of each step 36 or by the limit adhesion of a caterpillar on two nosings 36 successive, as is particularly the case in the documents of the prior art, but only by the average slope of the stairs 35: the only limiting condition is to ensure the horizontality of the seat 3 by the compensation of the slope of the stairs 35 thanks to the difference between the retraction of the front legs 6a, 6b (or rear 6c, 6d for the descent) and the extension of the rear legs 6c, 6d (or before 6a, 6b for the descent).
• the chair of the invention allows to fix the heavy elements of the chair 1 under the seat 3, thus lowering the center of gravity 18 of the chair and improving its stability.
• the lateral stability of the chair 1 is also improved since the bearing points formed by the wheels 1 1 a-1 1 d are outside the polygon formed by projected on the ground of the plane of the lower part 20 of the structure 2.
• the chair 1 of the invention makes it possible to cross obstacles 33 large, whose dimensions go beyond those stairs 36 or sidewalks.
• the chair 1 of the invention provides the following advantages:
• the present invention is not limited to the use of this example of permanent holding process in static stability condition described and shown. Indeed, the invention also makes it possible to carry out the successive movements of raising legs and wheels in a different order or to achieve a more dynamic kinematics by accepting wheel lifts in conditions slightly statically unstable but dynamically controlled by the speed of the wheels. performance and overall inertia of the device. In all cases, there is a safety reserve which consists of being able to quickly rest the wheel 1 1 a-1 1 d being lifted in case a flip-flop movement is detected by the tilt sensor. [001 1 1]
• the mobility aid vehicle 1 of the invention is not limited to a wheelchair, but can also be a children's stroller or, where appropriate, a trolley for transporting goods or people .
• the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown.

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• Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
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• 2016
  • 2016-10-10 FR FR1670589A patent/FR3057158A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2017
  • 2017-10-09 EP EP17797386.4A patent/EP3522845B1/de active Active
  • 2017-10-09 WO PCT/FR2017/052763 patent/WO2018069619A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2017-10-09 US US16/340,501 patent/US20190231617A1/en not_active Abandoned

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