EP3520184B1 - Verfahren zum testen einer halbleiterzündkerze - Google Patents

Verfahren zum testen einer halbleiterzündkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3520184B1
EP3520184B1 EP17783944.6A EP17783944A EP3520184B1 EP 3520184 B1 EP3520184 B1 EP 3520184B1 EP 17783944 A EP17783944 A EP 17783944A EP 3520184 B1 EP3520184 B1 EP 3520184B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
characteristic
electric
terminal
test method
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP17783944.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3520184A1 (de
Inventor
David Gino STIFANIC
Joël Yvan Marcel Robert BERTON
Denis Robert Gaston HAUSSAIRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/58—Testing
    • H01T13/60—Testing of electrical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/58—Testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor spark plugs fitted to turbomachines used for propelling aircraft.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method intended to test such a spark plug.
  • Semiconductor spark plugs are widely used to initiate combustion of the air and fuel mixture within the combustion chambers of aircraft turbomachines.
  • spark plugs comprising a central electrode, a ground electrode surrounding the central electrode, and a semiconductor element, of annular shape, interposed between the two electrodes.
  • the ground electrode is electrically and physically in contact with this semiconductor element while there is a small air gap of a few tenths of a millimeter between the central electrode and the semiconductor element.
  • the air present in the air gap then becomes ionized and thus contributes to the formation of an electric arc between the two electrodes. Due to the surface polarization of the semiconductor, the arc “adheres” to the semiconductor independently of the surrounding pressure.
  • Spark plugs of this type thus have the advantage of being able to be supplied at relatively low voltages, typically of the order of 3 kV.
  • the voltage required for supplying such a spark plug is also independent of the internal pressure of the combustion chamber.
  • the document FR 2 960 913 A1 discloses a method of igniting a turbomachine comprising a step of preheating a spark plug, and specifies that under certain icing or wet conditions, a plug of ice or water may cover the exposed surface of the semiconductor .
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide a simple, economical and effective solution to the above problem.
  • the proposed method thus consists in cracking the spark plug in the presence of a small quantity of water on its head. After intense research, the inventors have in fact noticed that such a test proves to be particularly effective in discriminating the still functional spark plugs from the defective spark plugs. In addition, the use of water in the proposed test method has the advantage of not requiring special precautions to guarantee the safety of operators and not to cause environmental pollution.
  • the first characteristic is the number of electric arcs observed during a predetermined period of time during which the electric voltage is applied.
  • the first characteristic may be the dispersion or absence of dispersion of the water meniscus after a predetermined time.
  • the above two types of characteristics can be cumulatively identified and used to determine the operational or defective character of the spark plug.
  • the step of applying the electrical voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal is preferably implemented by means of a turbomachine ignition unit.
  • the preliminary test step makes it possible to detect the most defective spark plugs and to avoid the implementation of the subsequent steps of the test method for these spark plugs.
  • the second characteristic is preferably the number of electric arcs observed during a predetermined period of time during which the electric voltage is applied.
  • test method according to the invention finds a particularly advantageous application to the test of used spark plugs, but this method can also be used to test new spark plugs, for example at the end of the production line.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a semiconductor spark plug 10 of known type, generally comprising two terminals 12, 14, and a head 16 comprising two electrodes 18, 20 respectively connected to the two terminals 12, 14 and separated from one another. the other by a semiconductor element 22, for example of the semiconductor ceramic type.
  • the spark plug comprises a hollow outer body 30 extending along an axis 32, a hollow intermediate body 34 extending along the axis 32, inside the outer body 30, and an inner body 36 in the general shape of a rod extending along the axis 32, inside the intermediate body 34.
  • the semiconductor element 22 extends in the extension of the intermediate body 34 and in contact with the latter, inside the outer body 30 and around the inner body 36.
  • the outer body 30 comprises a generally cylindrical part 40 having a first end forming one of the electrodes 18, called a “ground electrode”, a second end 42 forming one of the terminals 12, which is thus connected to the control electrode. mass 18, and an annular plate 44 for supporting the spark plug. Spark plugs of other types may alternatively include a thread or any other means allowing the attachment of the spark plug in an engine. Furthermore, terminal 12 externally delimits the entry of a connector of the spark plug.
  • the internal body 36 has a first end forming the other electrode 20, called the "central electrode”, which is surrounded at a distance by the ground electrode 18, and an opposite second end forming the other terminal 14, which is thus connected. at the central electrode 20.
  • the intermediate body 34 comprises a part 50 in contact with the internal body 36, and a part 52 arranged axially at and beyond the terminal 14 formed by the internal body 36 and having an internal diameter enlarged so as to leave a space between this part 52 and the terminal 14 and thus to define externally a bottom part of the connector of the spark plug.
  • the outer 30 and inner 36 bodies are made of an electrically conductive material capable of operating under high temperatures, such as a nickel-based superalloy with low creep at high temperature.
  • the intermediate body 34 is made of an electrically insulating material of ceramic type to guarantee the insulation between the electrodes 18 and 20.
  • the present invention provides a reliable test method for determining whether such a used spark plug 10 is still operational or, on the contrary, the spark plug is to be discarded.
  • the operating voltage of the spark plug 10 is typically of amplitude equal to 3 kV.
  • the water can be in the liquid state or in the frozen state, depending on the operating conditions to be simulated.
  • the spark plug surmounted by the water meniscus is therefore placed under conditions allowing the water to freeze, prior to the implementation of step S2.
  • the deposit of water on the head 16 of the spark plug in step S1 can be implemented manually by an operator, or by means of a controlled or automated device provided for this purpose.
  • the aforementioned first characteristic is the number of electric arcs 62 observed during a predetermined period of time.
  • Step S4 then consists in comparing this number with a theoretical number calculated as a function of the frequency of the voltage applied to the terminals 12, 14 of the spark plug and of the duration of the period of time considered.
  • the comparison between the number of electric arcs 62 observed and the theoretical number preferably consists simply in verifying the absence of misfires of electric arcs during the predetermined period of time.
  • the power of the electric arcs 62 is sufficient to disperse the water meniscus 58 in the first seconds of application of the electric voltage (as illustrated schematically by the 64 water droplets on the figure 5 ).
  • this power is generally insufficient to disperse the water meniscus 58 when the tested spark plug is unfit for service.
  • the first characteristic of the electric arcs 62 identified during the aforementioned step S3 can be the dispersion or the absence of dispersion of the water meniscus 58 after a predetermined time.
  • the quantity of water deposited on the semiconductor element 22 typically represents the volume of two to three drops, and is more generally less than 1 cm 3 .
  • the water can for example be deposited by means of a pipette, or by dipping the head 16 of the candle in a container containing water.
  • the counting of the electric arcs 62 can for example be carried out by means of an optical fiber 66 placed a few centimeters opposite the electrodes 18 and 20 in the axis 32 of the spark plug 10, and an electronic box 68 converting the light produced by electric arcs into electric pulses and counting them.
  • the testing process is terminated and the spark plug is considered to be defective.
  • the test method continues with the implementation of steps S1 to S4.
  • the second characteristic of the electric arcs 70 identified during the preliminary test step S0 is preferably of the same type as the first characteristic of the electric arcs 62 identified during the step S3.
  • the preliminary test step S0 is similar to the sequence of steps S1-S4, except that the semiconductor element is exposed to air in the preliminary test step S0.
  • the preliminary test step S0 therefore offers a simple and rapid means of detecting the most defective spark plugs and of avoiding the implementation of the subsequent steps of the test method for these spark plugs.
  • the subsequent steps S1-S4 allow a finer discrimination between the operational spark plugs and the defective spark plugs, and thus make it possible to optimize the reliability of the test method.
  • step S1 offers the advantage of not requiring any restrictive provisions to guarantee the safety of the operators using it.
  • test method described above in its application to used spark plugs, can also find an application in the validation of unused spark plugs before marketing, that is to say before they are put into service for the first time.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Testen einer Halbleiterzündkerze (10) mit zwei Anschlüssen (12, 14) und einem Kopf (16), der zwei Elektroden (18, 20) enthält, welche jeweils mit den beiden Anschlüssen verbunden sind und durch ein Halbleiterelement (22) voneinander getrennt sind, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Schritt (S1), der darin besteht, Wasser auf dem Kopf (16) zwischen den beiden Elektroden (18, 20) derart einzubringen, dass das Wasser eine Wasserkuppe (58) bildet, die das Halbleiterelement (22) bedeckt,
    - einen Schritt (S2), der darin besteht, zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (12) und dem zweiten Anschluss (14) eine elektrische Spannung anzulegen, die gleich einer Funktionsspannung der Zündkerze (10) ist,
    - einen Schritt (S3), der darin besteht, mindestens ein erstes Merkmal von Lichtbögen (62) zu bestimmen, die zwischen die Elektroden (18, 20) während des Anlegens der elektrischen Spannung induziert werden, sowie
    - einen Schritt (S4), der darin besteht, die Funktionsfähigkeit oder Fehlerhaftigkeit der Zündkerze (10) in Abhängigkeit des ersten Merkmals der Lichtbögen (62) festzustellen.
  2. Verfahren zum Testen nach Anspruch 1, in dem das erste Merkmal die Anzahl von Lichtbögen (62) ist, die während eines vorgegebenen Zeitraumes beobachtet werden, in dem die elektrische Spannung angelegt wird.
  3. Verfahren zum Testen nach Anspruch 1, in dem das erste Merkmal die Dispersion oder die fehlende Dispersion der Wasserkuppe (58) am Ende einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer darstellt.
  4. Verfahren zum Testen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, in dem der Schritt (S2), der darin besteht, die elektrische Spannung zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (12) und dem zweiten Anschluss (14) anzulegen, mithilfe eines Zündgehäuses der Turbomaschine (68) umgesetzt wird.
  5. Verfahren zum Testen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, das einen vorhergehenden Testschritt (S0) umfasst, der vor dem Schritt (S1), welcher darin besteht, Wasser auf dem Kopf (16) einzubringen, umgesetzt wird und darin besteht:
    - zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (12) und dem zweiten Anschluss (14) eine elektrische Spannung anzulegen, die gleich der Funktionsspannung der Zündkerze (10) ist, wobei das Halbleiterelement (22) der Luft ausgesetzt wird,
    - mindestens ein zweites Merkmal von Lichtbögen (70) zu bestimmen, die während des Anlegens der elektrischen Spannung zwischen den Elektroden (18, 20) induziert werden, und
    - das Verfahren zum Testen in Abhängigkeit des zweiten Merkmals der Lichtbögen (70) fortzusetzen oder zu stoppen.
  6. Verfahren zum Testen nach Anspruch 5, in welchem das zweite Merkmal die Anzahl von Lichtbögen (70) darstellt, die während eines vorgegebenen Zeitraumes beobachtet werden, in dem die elektrische Spannung angelegt wird.
  7. Verfahren zum Testen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, in welchem die Zündkerze (10) eine gebrauchte Kerze ist.
EP17783944.6A 2016-09-30 2017-09-27 Verfahren zum testen einer halbleiterzündkerze Active EP3520184B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1659424A FR3057113B1 (fr) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur
PCT/FR2017/052596 WO2018060592A1 (fr) 2016-09-30 2017-09-27 Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3520184A1 EP3520184A1 (de) 2019-08-07
EP3520184B1 true EP3520184B1 (de) 2020-07-29

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EP17783944.6A Active EP3520184B1 (de) 2016-09-30 2017-09-27 Verfahren zum testen einer halbleiterzündkerze

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US (1) US10855058B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3520184B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3057113B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018060592A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238447A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-03-01 Gen Motors Corp Igniter plug with spark-sensing means
US3376367A (en) * 1965-08-16 1968-04-02 Gen Motors Corp Method of manufacturing a spark gap semiconductor
JP4369963B2 (ja) * 2007-06-22 2009-11-25 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ用絶縁体の検査方法
EP2159583A1 (de) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-03 ODERSUN Aktiengesellschaft System und Verfahren zur Lokalisierung und Passivierung von Fehlern in einem photovoltaischen Element
JP5052588B2 (ja) * 2008-12-05 2012-10-17 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
FR2960913B1 (fr) * 2010-06-04 2012-07-13 Snecma Prechauffage d'une bougie d'allumage
FR2980575B1 (fr) 2011-09-26 2013-10-18 Snecma Procede de determination de zone de positionnement de bougie d'allumage de chambre de combustion et chambre de combustion associee
FR3017255B1 (fr) 2014-02-03 2017-10-13 Snecma Bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant des ecopes d'evacuation d'eventuels reliquats de carburant
US10120015B2 (en) * 2015-01-30 2018-11-06 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Method for inspecting insulator for spark plug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018060592A1 (fr) 2018-04-05
US20190229502A1 (en) 2019-07-25
EP3520184A1 (de) 2019-08-07
US10855058B2 (en) 2020-12-01
FR3057113A1 (fr) 2018-04-06
FR3057113B1 (fr) 2018-12-07

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