EP2002117B1 - Verfahren zur messung eines ionisierungsstromes einer zündkerze mit resonanzstruktur und entsprechende vorrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur messung eines ionisierungsstromes einer zündkerze mit resonanzstruktur und entsprechende vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2002117B1
EP2002117B1 EP07731715A EP07731715A EP2002117B1 EP 2002117 B1 EP2002117 B1 EP 2002117B1 EP 07731715 A EP07731715 A EP 07731715A EP 07731715 A EP07731715 A EP 07731715A EP 2002117 B1 EP2002117 B1 EP 2002117B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
ionization current
short
power supply
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07731715A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2002117A1 (de
Inventor
André AGNERAY
Clément Nouvel
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Publication of EP2002117A1 publication Critical patent/EP2002117A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2002117B1 publication Critical patent/EP2002117B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
    • F02P2017/125—Measuring ionisation of combustion gas, e.g. by using ignition circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the measurement of an ionization current of a spark plug, in particular resonant-structure type spark plugs fitted to ignition systems for a motor vehicle.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for so-called "radiofrequency" ignition systems comprising candles with resonant structure of multi-spark or BME type.
  • the spark plug is responsible for the formation of an electric arc whose energy is sufficient to trigger the ignition process of the gas mixture contained in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • This electric arc corresponds to the ionization of the gaseous mixture located between the electrodes of the spark plug, respectively a positive central electrode and a ground electrode.
  • the flame front can propagate. His breath can then push some of the mixture against the walls of the cylinder and the top of the piston.
  • the elevation of the pressure and temperature is so great that the fuel can remain stuck against the walls, reach its self-ignition point and then ignite in several places.
  • microexplosions producing vibrations in the acoustic dominance (between 5 and 10 KHz approximately). These vibrations are very vivid and can quickly create hot spots that further accentuate the problem.
  • the accumulation of microexplosions will tear or melt a small amount of metal on the top of the piston and / or on the walls of the cylinder, which may lead after some time to the destruction of the piston and the walls of the cylinder.
  • the measuring means or sensors must be able to operate in a very narrow bandwidth, for example of the order of 7 kHz.
  • An object of the invention is to provide means for measuring the polarization current in the case of candles of resonant structure type.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose measurement means that are sufficiently precise to be able to work in the desired narrow frequency bandwidth.
  • the invention proposes a method for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure-type candle equipping an ignition system for a motor vehicle, in which, during a phase of ignition, said candle is supplied by a voltage generated using a previously loaded control capacitor.
  • said ionization current is periodically measured, between two ignition phases, between said regulating capacitor and the ground, after having polarized the spark plug.
  • this ionization current is measured directly at a capacitor regulator that powers the candle by unloading.
  • said ionization current is measured by means of measuring means connected between said regulating capacitor and the ground, which is short-circuited during the ignition phases.
  • the measurement means are connected only between two ignition phases.
  • the ionization current is measured at the end of a damping phase during which the current flowing through the candle decreases progressively.
  • a device for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure-type plug fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle said spark plug being coupled to a generator comprising a regulating capacitor.
  • said generator further comprises biasing means capable of biasing the spark plug, connected between the generator and said spark plug and means for measuring the ionization current of the said spark plug, connected between the control capacitor and the ground.
  • the measuring means being connected between the control capacitor and the ground and not directly to the terminals of the spark plug, it is possible to choose a polarization resistance of the spark plug of low value, adapted to the current intensity of the spark plug. ionization, which is generally less than 1 mA, and a particular frequency band, for example the frequency band of observation of pinging phenomena.
  • the device may further comprise controllable short-circuit means capable of short-circuiting the measuring means.
  • the measuring means may comprise a measurement resistor.
  • the short-circuit means may comprise a short-circuit transistor connected between the regulation capacitor and the ground, and controlled by a short-circuit voltage generator, and a bias supply connected between the measuring resistance and the mass and adapted to bias said short-circuit transistor.
  • the bias supply may comprise on the one hand a supply resistor and a local power supply connected in series, and on the other hand a supply capacitor connected in parallel with the supply resistor and the power supply. local power supply, between the measuring resistor and the mass.
  • the reference SYS represents an ignition system for a motor vehicle comprising a BR candle of resonant structure type, well known to those skilled in the art, and described for example in French patent applications FR 2,859,830 , FR 2,589,869 , FR 2,859,831 , in the name of the Applicant.
  • An ionization current Ii flows through the BR candle.
  • the spark plug BR comprises a resonant assembly RS1 (called coil-plug), comprising an inductive coil L1 and a capacitor C1 which comprises in this example a base 1-ceramic 2-central electrode 3.
  • the BR candle is connected to a GEN generator capable of generating a voltage called "intermediate voltage" high value.
  • This high voltage is supplied by the central electrode 3 of the capacitor C1.
  • An electric arc occurs when the current passes between the central electrode 3 and a ground electrode 4, generating a spark 5.
  • the BR candle is connected to the GEN generator via a DHT stage called "high voltage driver” connected in series with decoupling means MDEC.
  • MPOL spark plug bias means are connected parallel to the high voltage driver DHT and decoupling means MDEC.
  • the GEN generator comprises measuring means MMES able to measure the ionization current Ii flowing through the candle BR.
  • FIG 2 illustrates in greater detail an embodiment of the blocks of the SYS system according to the invention.
  • GEN generator can be achieved using a booster voltage boost type, according to the expression of the skilled person.
  • the generator GEN comprises a supply Vbat here of 12 volts, able to charge a coil called "tank" BRES connected by a first terminal b1 to the supply Vbat.
  • the loading of the BRES coil is controlled by a transistor M1 connected between the other terminal b2 of the BRES coil and the ground.
  • the transistor M1 is controlled by a voltage generator GM1.
  • the reservoir coil BRES discharges into the portion of the circuit connected to its terminal b2, via a rectifying diode DR, at a voltage greater than the voltage of 12 volts delivered by the supply Vbat.
  • This relatively high voltage is called “intermediate voltage” Vint. It is of the order of a hundred volts.
  • the generator GEN comprises a so-called "ballast" capacitor Cb connected to the output of the rectifying diode DR.
  • the generator GEN is connected to the high voltage driver DHT fed by the intermediate voltage Vint, and controlled by a control signal Scom by control means MCOM.
  • the Scom control signal is directly at the origin of the creation of the spark generation by the BR candle.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the high voltage driver DHT.
  • This comprises an assembly formed of a coil L2 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel, receiving as input the intermediate voltage Vint.
  • the assembly L2-C2 is connected at the output to a control transistor M5 receiving on its control electrode the control signal Scom.
  • the control signal Scom corresponds to a pulse train, generated periodically.
  • the transistor M5 charges the coil L2, which resonates with the capacitor C2 and the resonant assembly RS1, so as to produce high voltage pulses at the natural frequency of the spark plug BR.
  • the resonant assembly RS1 When the resonant assembly RS1 is excited at its natural frequency, and its quality factor is high (for example greater than 40), this results in a very high voltage across the capacitor C1.
  • the central electrode of the spark plug BR which is one of the terminals of the capacitor C1, is then brought to a very high voltage capable of triggering sparks.
  • the excitation generated by the high voltage driver DHT is transmitted to the resonant structure RS1 of the spark plug BR via the decoupling means MDEC, here a decoupling capacitor Cd.
  • the decoupling capacitor Cd prevents the continuous connection between the intermediate voltage Vint and the central electrode of the candle 3. This bond breakage can prevent electric shocks or electrocutions for humans.
  • the function of the decoupling capacitor Cd is to prevent this type of charge transfer.
  • the generator may be a lift-type transformer that prevents DC transfer. In this case, the use of a decoupling capacitor is no longer necessary.
  • MPOL biasing means are used to maintain a preferentially positive polarization after the generation of the spark, on the central electrode 3 of the BR candle.
  • the polarization means MPOL may be formed by a resistor Rpol connected between the output of the rectifying diode DR delivering the intermediate voltage Vint and the output of the decoupling means MDEC, here the capacitor Cd.
  • a simple solution to measure then the ionization current would be to connect across the polarization resistor Rpol an assembly capable of dividing the value of the voltage, to convert the value of the voltage thus divided into current, and then to measure it.
  • the invention consists in using a polarization resistor with a small value so as to maintain maximum precision when measuring the ionization current, and to couple the measurement means not to the terminals of the polarization resistor Rpol but between the capacitor Cb and the mass, within the GEN generator.
  • These measurement means MMES comprise a measurement resistor Rm and a measurement terminal Bm where the ionization current is measured.
  • these measuring means MMES are associated with MCC short-circuit means comprising an INT switch connected in parallel to the measurement resistor Rm, this INT switch being controlled by a GCC short-circuit generator.
  • the switch is preferably fast and very low impedance.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the different steps of an operating mode of the invention, during a period T.
  • the transistor M1 becomes on and allows the loading of the capacitor Cb.
  • control signal Scom controls the transistor M5, using a pulsed control signal (the pulses being for example at the frequency of 5 MHz), triggering the phase ignition itself, and the generation of sparks by the BR candle.
  • the control signal becomes inactive again.
  • the ignition current (having a high amplitude) attenuates naturally and gradually within the BR candle, due to the existence of parasitic resistances.
  • the short-circuit means are active and short-circuit the measurement resistance. Therefore, the capacitor Cb is connected between the rectifying diode DR and the ground.
  • the transistor M2 makes the short-circuit means inactive, and the capacitor Cb then discharges through the measuring resistor Rm.
  • the discharge current of the capacitor Cb corresponds to the ionization current flowing through the resistance Rpol, in the candle BR then in the mixture in combustion.
  • the value of the ionization current is then measured at the measuring terminal Bm.
  • the measurement phase ends at a time t4, and at a time t5 another cycle of loading, ignition and measurement is repeated.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the switch INT.
  • the controllable switch is made by a transistor, here MOS type M2, whose control electrode is connected to the GCC generator.
  • MOS type M2 whose control electrode is connected to the GCC generator.
  • a polarization is introduced using an Apol bias supply connected between the measurement resistor Rm and the ground.
  • the Apol bias power supply comprises a capacitor Cal connected to a local supply Aloc via a power supply resistor Ral.
  • the local supply Aloc can be for example a battery voltage or a power supply at 5 volts.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to measure the ionization current very precisely and in a well-defined frequency range, for example adapted to the detection of pinging phenomena.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zur Messung eines Ionisierungsstroms einer Zündkerze von der Art mit Resonanzstruktur, die zur Ausstattung eines Zündsystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug gehört, wobei während einer Zündphase die Kerze (BR) mit einer mit Hilfe eines vorab aufgeladenen Regelungskondensators (Cb) erzeugten Spannung gespeist wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ionisierungsstrom (Ii) periodisch zwischen zwei Zündphasen zwischen dem Regelungskondensator (Cb) und Masse gemessen wird, nachdem die Kerze (BR) polarisiert wurde.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ionisierungsstrom mit Hilfe von zwischen dem Regelungskondensator (Cb) und Masse angeschlossenen Messeinrichtungen gemessen wird, die während der Zündphasen kurzgeschlossen werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Ionisierungsstrom nach einer Dämpfungsphase gemessen wird, in deren Verlauf der die Kerze durchquerende Strom progressiv abnimmt.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Messung eines Ionisierungsstroms einer Zündkerze von der Art mit Resonanzstruktur, die zur Ausstattung eines Zündsystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug gehört, wobei die Kerze (BR) mit einem einen Regelungskondensator enthaltenden Generator (GEN) gekoppelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Generator außerdem zum Polarisieren der Kerze (BR) geeignete Polarisationseinrichtungen (MPOL), die zwischen dem Generator (GEN) und der Kerze (BR) angeschlossen sind, und Messeinrichtungen (MMES) des Ionisierungsstroms der Kerze (BR) enthält, die zwischen dem Regelungskondensator (Cb) und Masse angeschlossen sind.
  5. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, die außerdem steuerbare Kurzschlusseinrichtungen (MCC) enthält, die die Messeinrichtungen (MMES) kurzschließen können.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Messeinrichtungen (MMES) einen Messwiderstand (Rm) enthalten.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei die Kurzschlusseinrichtungen (MCC) einen Kurzschlusstransistor (M2), der zwischen dem Regelungskondensator (Cb) und Masse angeschlossen ist und von einem Kurzschlussspannungsgenerator (GCC) gesteuert wird, und eine Polarisationsversorgung (Apol) enthalten, die zwischen dem Messwiderstand (Rm) und Masse angeschlossen ist und den Kurzschlusstransistor polarisieren kann.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Polarisationsversorgung einerseits einen Versorgungswiderstand (Ral) und eine lokale Versorgung (Aloc), die in Reihe geschaltet sind, und andererseits einen Versorgungskondensator (Cal), der mit dem Versorgungswiderstand (Ral) und der lokalen Versorgung (Aloc) parallelgeschaltet ist, zwischen dem Messwiderstand (Rm) und Masse enthält.
EP07731715A 2006-04-03 2007-03-09 Verfahren zur messung eines ionisierungsstromes einer zündkerze mit resonanzstruktur und entsprechende vorrichtung Not-in-force EP2002117B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0602883A FR2899394B1 (fr) 2006-04-03 2006-04-03 Procede de mesure d'un courant d'ionisation d'une bougie de type a structure resonante, et dispositif correspondant
PCT/FR2007/050899 WO2007113407A1 (fr) 2006-04-03 2007-03-09 Procede de mesure d'un courant d'ionisation d'une bougie de type a structure resonante, et disposititf correspondant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2002117A1 EP2002117A1 (de) 2008-12-17
EP2002117B1 true EP2002117B1 (de) 2011-05-11

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EP07731715A Not-in-force EP2002117B1 (de) 2006-04-03 2007-03-09 Verfahren zur messung eines ionisierungsstromes einer zündkerze mit resonanzstruktur und entsprechende vorrichtung

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US8040137B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2002117B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2009532626A (de)
KR (1) KR20080104121A (de)
CN (1) CN101379288B (de)
AT (1) ATE509201T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0707894A2 (de)
ES (1) ES2363450T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2899394B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2008012676A (de)
RU (1) RU2439363C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007113407A1 (de)

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FR2917565B1 (fr) * 2007-06-12 2014-05-16 Renault Sas Dispositif de mesure dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne
FR2923272B1 (fr) * 2007-11-05 2009-11-13 Renault Sas Dispositif de mesure du courant d'ionisation dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne.
FR2932229B1 (fr) * 2008-06-05 2011-06-24 Renault Sas Pilotage de l'alimentation electrique d'une bougie d'allumage d'un moteur a combustion interne
FR2935759B1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2010-09-10 Renault Sas Dispositif de mesure du courant d'ionisation dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne
FR2946190B1 (fr) * 2009-05-28 2011-05-13 Renault Sas Procede de detection du type d'etincelle generee par une bobine-bougie d'allumage radiofrequence, et dispositif correspondant.
CN102155344B (zh) * 2011-01-21 2012-07-04 电子科技大学 一种微波等离子体汽车发动机点火器
EP2812668B1 (de) * 2012-02-09 2020-06-17 SEM Aktiebolag Motor mit fehlzündungserkennung für fahrzeuge mit alternativen brennstoffen
US9514917B1 (en) 2013-08-29 2016-12-06 The Boeing Company Controlled-energy electrical arc systems, methods, and apparatuses
US9341610B1 (en) * 2013-08-29 2016-05-17 The Boeing Company Electrical arc trigger systems, methods, and apparatuses
RU176307U1 (ru) * 2017-04-01 2018-01-16 Артем Юрьевич Будко Устройство измерения ионного тока в камере сгорания двигателя внутреннего сгорания

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RU2242632C2 (ru) * 2002-11-18 2004-12-20 Открытое акционерное общество "АВТОВАЗ" Способ измерения ионной проводимости

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Publication number Publication date
CN101379288B (zh) 2011-02-09
US8040137B2 (en) 2011-10-18
EP2002117A1 (de) 2008-12-17
BRPI0707894A2 (pt) 2011-05-10
FR2899394B1 (fr) 2008-05-16
ES2363450T3 (es) 2011-08-04
CN101379288A (zh) 2009-03-04
US20090153142A1 (en) 2009-06-18
RU2008143307A (ru) 2010-05-10
MX2008012676A (es) 2008-10-10
RU2439363C2 (ru) 2012-01-10
WO2007113407A1 (fr) 2007-10-11
JP2009532626A (ja) 2009-09-10
FR2899394A1 (fr) 2007-10-05
ATE509201T1 (de) 2011-05-15
KR20080104121A (ko) 2008-12-01

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