EP3516634A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von farbabnutzungen an einem wertdokument, insbesondere einer banknote, sowie wertdokumentbearbeitungssystem - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von farbabnutzungen an einem wertdokument, insbesondere einer banknote, sowie wertdokumentbearbeitungssystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP3516634A1 EP3516634A1 EP17772608.0A EP17772608A EP3516634A1 EP 3516634 A1 EP3516634 A1 EP 3516634A1 EP 17772608 A EP17772608 A EP 17772608A EP 3516634 A1 EP3516634 A1 EP 3516634A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- value
- pixel
- pixels
- document
- intensity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
- G07D7/187—Detecting defacement or contamination, e.g. dirt
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting color abrasions on a value document according to the independent claims and to a value-document processing system.
- color abrasions on a document of value, in particular a banknote are recognized on the basis of an image captured by the document of value, which has a plurality of pixels to which at least one intensity value is assigned in each case, wherein for each pixel a selection of pixels and / or for each Pixel in at least a portion of the image, the steps of: determining an intensity value from intensity values associated with the pixel and pixels in the vicinity of the pixel; Calculating a contrast value based on intensity values associated with the pixel and pixels in the vicinity of the pixel; and classification of the respective pixel with regard to a color wear of the value document as a function of the respectively determined intensity value and calculated contrast value.
- An inventive device for detecting color wear on a document of value in particular a banknote, based on an image captured by the document of value, which has a plurality of pixels, each associated with at least one intensity value, has an evaluation unit which is set up for each image performing the following steps at least one subarea of the acquired image for a selection of pixels and / or for each pixel: determining an intensity value from intensity values associated with the pixel and pixels in the vicinity of the pixel; Calculating a contrast value based on intensity values associated with the pixel and pixels in the vicinity of the pixel; and classification of the respective pixel with regard to a color wear of the value document as a function of the respectively determined intensity value and calculated contrast value.
- An inventive value-document processing system comprises: a sensor device for acquiring an image of a value document, in particular a banknote; a device according to the invention for detecting color abrasions on the document of value; and an apparatus for processing, in particular transporting and / or sorting and / or counting value documents as a function of color wear recognized on the respective value document.
- One aspect of the invention is based on the approach of classifying or classifying individual pixels of the image captured by the value document, taking into account both a local brightness and a local contrast of the image in the region of the respective pixel with regard to possible color wear of the value document.
- an intensity value representing the local brightness is determined from the intensity values for each pixel which is located in at least one partial area of the image and / or belongs to at least one selection of pixels from the image, which intensity corresponds to the respective pixel as well as to other pixels in the vicinity of the pixel Pixels are assigned.
- the ascertained intensity value can be identical to an intensity value associated with the pixel or one of the pixels in the vicinity of the pixel.
- the determined intensity value may also be a value derived from two or more intensity values associated with the pixel and / or the pixels in the environment of the pixel.
- a contrast value from intensity intensity characterizing the local contrast of the image in the region of the respective pixel is determined. calculates values associated with the pixel and / or pixels in the vicinity of the pixel.
- both the intensity value determined for this pixel and the contrast value calculated for this pixel are then used.
- this ensures that e.g. Pixels in relatively bright areas of the image at the same time relatively small contrast values and pixels in relatively dark areas of the image at the same time relatively high contrast values are reliably classified as pixels that indicate color deterioration at the corresponding points of the value document.
- different areas of the value document in particular IR areas, need not be treated separately.
- a smaller number of reference value documents is required for the adaptation of the method or the device than in known methods for color wear detection.
- the cost of any post-adaptation of the method or the device is lower.
- the influence of quality fluctuations in documents of value on the reliability of color deterioration detection is also reduced.
- the invention thus enables a simple and reliable detection of color wear on documents of value, in particular banknotes.
- a selection of picture elements of the picture can be a part of all the picture elements of the picture or even all or substantially all picture elements of the picture acquired.
- the pixels for which an intensity value is determined in each case, a contrast value is calculated and finally a classification with respect to a color wear of the value document is made, can lie in a partial area or also on the entire area of the acquired image.
- the method can be carried out for all or substantially all of the pixels lying in the partial area or on the total area of the image, or in each case only for a selection of pixels from the partial area or the total area.
- a selection of pixels is preferably obtained by twice or n-times sub-sampling, so-called subsampling, of the partial area or of the total area of the acquired image, in which only every second or n-th pixel is selected in both dimensions of the value document.
- the ascertained intensity value preferably corresponds to the respectively highest intensity value from the intensity values associated with the pixel and / or the pixels in the environment of this pixel.
- the brightness used in the classification of the respective pixel is hereby represented by the highest intensity value of the pixels to be found in the region of the respective pixel.
- the classification of the respective pixel with regard to a possible color degradation of the value document is particularly reliable.
- it may also be preferred that the determined intensity value corresponds to the respectively lowest intensity value from the intensity values corresponding to the image intensity. point and / or pixels in the environment of this pixel are assigned corresponds.
- the determined intensity value corresponds to an average value, which is formed from the intensity values associated with the pixel and / or pixels in the environment of the pixel.
- the intensity value determined in this case thus corresponds to a mean brightness of the image of the value document in the region of the respective pixel, the classification of which with regard to possible color wear of the value document is thereby particularly reliable.
- the determination of the intensity value and / or the calculation of the contrast value be effected on the basis of intensity values which are associated with the pixel and / or the pixels directly adjacent to this pixel.
- the pixels of the image are also represented by rectangular or square pixels (pixels).
- the pixels whose intensity values are used in the determination of a maximum, minimum or average intensity value and / or the calculation of a contrast value preferably form a group of 3 ⁇ 3 pixels, the center of the group being the respective pixel to be classified to which the remaining eight pixels adjoin. The latter thus form the immediate surroundings of the pixel.
- a so-called local operator is preferably used in each case, by means of which not the intensity value associated with the respective pixel but also the intensity value. te of adjacent pixels or pixels from the environment are taken into account.
- the local image section is therefore also referred to as operator window, which preferably comprises 3 ⁇ 3 pixels. In principle, however, it is also possible to define larger operator windows with, for example, 5 ⁇ 5, 7 ⁇ 7, 9 ⁇ 9 or 11 ⁇ 11 pixels.
- the number of pixels in the operator window is preferably odd, so that the particular pixel under consideration lies in the middle of the operator window.
- the calculated contrast value is preferably a measure of a relative change in intensity in the respectively considered region of the image.
- the contrast value is calculated taking into account a highest intensity value and a lowest intensity value, the highest and lowest intensity values being determined from the intensity values associated with the pixel and the pixels in the environment of the pixel.
- the contrast value preferably corresponds to a quotient of a difference between the maximum and minimum intensity value in the numerator and a further intensity value in the denominator, wherein the further intensity value preferably corresponds to the sum of the maximum and minimum intensity value.
- the further intensity value can also be assigned to one of the intensity values associated with the pixel and pixels in the environment of the pixel. net are equivalent to formed mean.
- the respectively most significant contrast value can be calculated here and, together with the ascertained intensity value, in particular the mean value formed, can be used for the classification of the respective pixel with regard to a color reduction of the value document, whereby this has a particularly high reliability.
- a grading parameter is calculated on the basis of the ascertained intensity value, in particular of the mean value, and the contrast value, and the grading of the respective pixel is made as a function of the result of a comparison of the grading parameter with a comparison value.
- the number of parameters to be compared during the classification of originally two namely the ascertained intensity value or mean value and the calculated contrast value, is reduced to only one classification parameter, so that by simply comparing the calculated classification parameter with a single comparison value, a classification of the respective Pixel in a reliable and very simple manner.
- the grading parameter is calculated on the basis of a distinguishing function, each having one variable for the ascertained intensity value, in particular the mean value, and the contrast value.
- the distinguishing function may preferably be a linear function, a staircase function or else a polynomial, in particular a polynomial of the second degree.
- the respective parameters of the distinguishing function which are preferably constant summands, subtrahends and / or factors, can preferably be determined within the framework of a preliminary test run or an adaptation of the method or device.
- a discrimination function a particularly reliable distinction of pixels in which at the corresponding points of the document of value is a color deterioration, and those pixels where this is not the case.
- pixels which lie in the region of an edge of the value document and / or of an element characterizing the value document, in particular of an element printed on the value document are removed from the pixels classified with regard to color wear of the value document.
- the classification of the value document reliably excludes pixels in which the probability that these are incorrectly identified as pixels located in the region of color wear is comparatively high. Accordingly, a classification of the value document based on the pixels cleaned in this way is particularly reliable.
- a measure of the color wear at the corresponding location of the value document is taken into consideration for the pixels classified with regard to a color wear of the value document, optionally after removal of pixels located in the region of an edge of the value document and / or in the region of an element applied to the value document detected at least one of the following parameters: range of color wear, brightness of the color wear, contrast of the color wear, position of the color wear.
- the degree of color wear is calculated using a linear function in which one or more of the aforementioned parameters form variables.
- the number of parameters as variables of the linear function and the associated coefficients, in particular factors, can be For example, in test runs with value documents of known properties are determined or determined.
- the determination of a measure characterizing the color wear on the value document additionally provides information about the extent and / or the relevance of a recognized color wear, so that an even more accurate classification of the value document as "fit” or due to color wear as "unfit” is made possible.
- the image obtained from the value document is a
- Transmission image in particular a dark field transmission image is.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a value-document processing system with a
- Fig. 2 example of a transmission image of a banknote
- Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a first and second example of a discrimination function
- Fig. 4 shows an example of an image derived from the transmission image shown in Fig. 2 with pixels classified as pixels based on color wear of the banknote.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a value-document processing system with a device 10 for detecting color abrasions on a value document 1, which is in particular a banknote, and an apparatus 30 only schematically indicated for processing, in particular conveying and / or sorting and / or counting, of value documents, in particular depending on the respective value document 1 detected color abrasions.
- the device 10 has a radiation source 2, which is designed to generate electromagnetic radiation, with which the banknote 1 is irradiated.
- the electromagnetic radiation is preferably infrared radiation.
- an image sensor 3 is provided, which is designed to detect spatially resolved electromagnetic radiation emanating from the banknote 1.
- the image of the banknote 1 detected by the image sensor 3 is a so-called dark field transmission image.
- the radiation source 2 relative to
- Image sensor 3 to be arranged such that the latter detects a bright field transmission image or a remission image.
- the image of the banknote 1 detected by the image sensor 3 has a multiplicity of pixels, so-called pixels, to each of which at least one intensity value which is a measure of the intensity of the transmitted or reflected from a plurality of locations on the banknote 1 and from
- Image sensor 3 detected electromagnetic radiation.
- the image data 4 generated by the image sensor 3, which contain the intensity values assigned to the individual pixels, are forwarded to an evaluation unit 5 and analyzed there, in particular with regard to possible color wear on the banknote 1 and classified accordingly.
- the evaluation unit 5 is adapted to control the banknote processing apparatus 30 so that banknotes 1 are outputted to different output pockets 31 and 32 depending on the result of the classification for color wear.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of a dark field transmission image 4 of a polymer banknote, which typically comprises a transparent substrate foil provided with a primer made of white lacquer.
- a printed image which is also referred to as a background print image, printed.
- numerals and / or infrared-sensitive areas are printed by intaglio printing.
- a mean value m and a contrast value c taking into account the intensity values of the respective pixel itself as well as the pixels surrounding this pixel determined.
- the mean m is the arithmetic mean, which is calculated as follows:
- the contrast value c corresponds to the so-called Michelsen contrast, which is calculated as follows:
- the contrast value c corresponds to the quotient of the difference between the highest intensity value and the lowest intensity value on the one hand and the sum of the highest intensity value and lowest intensity value on the other hand, in each case from the intensity values Po to Ps in the considered region 9.
- a first classification which can also be referred to as a pre-distinction, is made as to whether the respective pixel indicates color wear at the corresponding location of the banknote.
- the rating parameter f calculated using the distinguishing function f (m, c) is greater than or equal to a comparison value for a pixel, which is zero in the present example, then this pixel is classified as a so-called "in-use candidate". the pixel then possibly corresponds to a spot on the banknote with a color wear.
- FIG. 3 This is illustrated by a first example (dashed) shown in FIG. 3 of a gradient of the contrast c above the mean value m, which forms the boundary between pixels that were not classified as an inkwear candidate (area below the dashed line) and pixels. who were classified as an Inkwear candidate (area above the dashed line).
- Inkwear candidates which correspond to color wear in the area of intaglio printing typically have a relatively low average intensity m and a relatively high contrast c and are accordingly speaking in the left part of the diagram above the dashed line.
- Inkwear candidates that correspond to a color wear in the range of the watermark of the banknote have a relatively high average intensity m at the same time comparatively low contrast values c and are thus in the right area of the diagram above the dashed line.
- Inkwear candidates, which are due to a color wear in Off set réelle Scheme the banknote typically have an average brightness and a mean contrast c and are therefore in the middle of the diagram above the dashed line.
- an optional further step it can be provided to check the pixels classified as inkwear candidates to determine whether they lie in certain areas of the banknote, for example in the area of the edge of the banknote and / or in the area of certain printing elements. Since pixels from corresponding image areas of the image 4 may possibly be erroneously classified as inkwear candidates, it may be provided to remove these pixels from the group of pixels classified as inkwear candidates. Since the ink Wear candidates can be tested or validated based on their position in Figure 4 of the banknote, this step can also be considered as a validation step or validation.
- the intensity value I (x, y) of the respective pixel (x, y) can be set to zero if the distinguishing function f (m, c) calculated from the associated mean value m and contrast value c is smaller as zero, and to set to a certain intensity value, for example, the highest intensity value I ma x or max ⁇ Pi ⁇ determined in the area of the respective pixel, if the differentiation function is greater than or equal to zero:
- an optional further step which is also referred to as classification, it can be provided that for all pixels classified as inkwear candidates, optionally after a validation with removal of pixels lying at the edge and / or in the area of certain printing elements, a measure (so-called Inkwear Level) for the respective color wear at the corresponding point of the banknote is derived.
- This can preferably be done by calculating an Inkwear Level (InkL) for each of these pixels on the basis of the following linear function:
- InkL a, x InkA + b, x InkB + c, * InkC + d i * InkP (4)
- ai indicates in which area of the image of the banknote the pixel classified as an inkwome candidate lies
- bi denotes a measure of the brightness
- Q a measure of the contrast
- di the position of the pixel classified as an inkwear candidate.
- the associated coefficients InkA, InkB, InkC and InkP can be calculated in advance test runs using banknotes with known properties. Likewise, it can be specified or configured which or how many of the aforementioned information ai, bi, Ci or di are taken into account in the calculation of the inkwear level.
- contrast values can also be determined with the help of a histogram in which the number or frequency of pixels exceeds their intensity is applied.
- Certain areas of the banknote in which there is a color wear in the form of abrasion or smudging of the printing ink can be identified by the fact that in the respective histogram between a region of light pixels and a region of dark pixels, a transition region occurs in which only very few pixels can be found , This transitional area depends on the state of the banknote.
- the respective transition region can be determined in a histogram. On the basis of the lowest and highest intensity value in this transition region, a corresponding contrast value c can then be determined on the basis of equation (2).
- the method or the device is also designed to analyze or classify any oblique banknotes 1 passing obliquely on the image sensor 3 with regard to possible color abrasions.
- a skew correction so-called skew correction, is preferably carried out in a subsampling according to the Bresenham algorithm, whereby any rounding errors that result from discretization of continuous coordinates are minimized.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016011417.7A DE102016011417A1 (de) | 2016-09-22 | 2016-09-22 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Farbabnutzungen an einem Wertdokument, insbesondere einer Banknote, sowie Wertdokumentbearbeitungssystem |
PCT/EP2017/001091 WO2018054529A1 (de) | 2016-09-22 | 2017-09-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von farbabnutzungen an einem wertdokument, insbesondere einer banknote, sowie wertdokumentbearbeitungssystem |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3516634A1 true EP3516634A1 (de) | 2019-07-31 |
EP3516634B1 EP3516634B1 (de) | 2022-11-09 |
Family
ID=59969112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17772608.0A Active EP3516634B1 (de) | 2016-09-22 | 2017-09-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von farbabnutzungen an einer banknote, sowie wertdokumentbearbeitungssystem |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3516634B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2017332227B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3035917C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016011417A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018054529A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT349248B (de) | 1976-11-29 | 1979-03-26 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Verfahren zur dynamischen messung des verschmutzungsgrades von banknoten und pruefvorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
DE19840482A1 (de) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Wertpapieren |
JP4180715B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-14 | 2008-11-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 印刷物の汚損度判別装置 |
JP4805495B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-17 | 2011-11-02 | 株式会社東芝 | 透過パターン検出装置 |
DE10335147A1 (de) | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Ermittlung des Zustands von Banknoten |
DE102004018856A1 (de) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Banknoten |
DE102006053788A1 (de) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-21 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Verschmutzungen im Bereich von Farbübergängen auf Wertdokumenten und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US8577117B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-11-05 | Ncr Corporation | Evaluating soiling of a media item |
AT509025B1 (de) | 2009-01-21 | 2013-07-15 | Arc Austrian Res Centers Gmbh | Verfahren zur ermittlung der positionen von passpunkten |
JP2010277252A (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Toshiba Corp | 紙葉類判別装置 |
AT508873B1 (de) | 2009-06-04 | 2011-07-15 | Ait Austrian Inst Technology | Verfahren zur aufnahme eines bildes |
AT509027B1 (de) | 2009-08-03 | 2013-01-15 | Ait Austrian Inst Technology | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduktion von aufgezeichneten bilddaten |
US8805025B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-08-12 | Ncr Corporation | Stain detection |
CN102682514B (zh) * | 2012-05-17 | 2014-07-02 | 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 | 一种纸类识别方法及相关装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-09-22 DE DE102016011417.7A patent/DE102016011417A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-09-13 AU AU2017332227A patent/AU2017332227B2/en active Active
- 2017-09-13 WO PCT/EP2017/001091 patent/WO2018054529A1/de unknown
- 2017-09-13 CA CA3035917A patent/CA3035917C/en active Active
- 2017-09-13 EP EP17772608.0A patent/EP3516634B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018054529A1 (de) | 2018-03-29 |
EP3516634B1 (de) | 2022-11-09 |
DE102016011417A1 (de) | 2018-03-22 |
AU2017332227A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
CA3035917C (en) | 2021-02-16 |
AU2017332227B2 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
CA3035917A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
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