EP3499173B1 - Plaque de blindage et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Plaque de blindage et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3499173B1
EP3499173B1 EP18207464.1A EP18207464A EP3499173B1 EP 3499173 B1 EP3499173 B1 EP 3499173B1 EP 18207464 A EP18207464 A EP 18207464A EP 3499173 B1 EP3499173 B1 EP 3499173B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armor plate
cast steel
armor
layer
cover layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18207464.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3499173A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Schönenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Craco GmbH
Original Assignee
Craco GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Craco GmbH filed Critical Craco GmbH
Publication of EP3499173A1 publication Critical patent/EP3499173A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3499173B1 publication Critical patent/EP3499173B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an armor plate for protection against projectiles and a method for producing an armor plate, the armor plate being formed from at least one metal layer, the metal layer being formed from cast steel, the cast steel being an alloy component of 8 to 25, preferably 10 to 20 percent by weight Contains manganese (Mn).
  • Plates for protection against projectiles can be designed as composite armor or armor plate, which is formed exclusively from a metal layer.
  • a composite armor is formed from different layers of materials, for example layers of ceramic material in combination with layers of steel, the ceramic material reacting with the formation of cracks when a projectile hits, whereby a considerable part of the impact energy is absorbed or consumed.
  • it is also known to glue ceramic tiles onto a hardened armor plate.
  • It is also known to form blind holes in a steel plate and to insert ceramic elements into these and, if necessary, to weld the blind holes.
  • a fiber composite material can also be placed on a steel plate to support a composite layer formed therefrom. The steel plate can then support the composite layer when a projectile hits it, so that the composite layer is not stressed by high bending moments.
  • Such composite armor is only comparatively expensive to manufacture.
  • Armor plates made exclusively of steel can be manufactured more easily and, like composite armor, are intended to offer protection against attacks with armor-piercing ammunition.
  • Armor plates are used not only in military vehicles, such as tanks, to protect against projectiles, but also in civil vehicles, such as, for example, automobiles, which require certain protection.
  • Armor plates can in principle also be used for personal protection vests or property protection in general.
  • An armor plate can in principle also be a component of a composite armor if the armor plate is assembled with a composite material to form the composite armor after its manufacture.
  • Armor plates should be very hard, which can be made possible by a high proportion of manganese as an alloy component.
  • a high hardness can also lead to a more rapid breakage of the armor plate when a projectile hits, which is why it is also advantageous if an armor plate has a high toughness, which is in contradiction to a high hardness.
  • it is known to heat-treat it in several stages.
  • the DE 102 20 476 A1 discloses an armor plate for protection against projectiles, the armor plate being formed from a steel which contains 0.8 to 2.5 percent by mass of manganese.
  • a structure of the steel exists Made of more than 95% martensite, the steel can also be subjected to cold forming.
  • the DE 10 2016 117 071 A1 relates to composite armor, in particular an armor plate for protection against projectiles.
  • the metal layer can be formed from a cast steel, wherein the cast steel can contain 4 to 30 percent by mass of manganese as an alloy component.
  • the cast steel of the metal layer is subjected to cold deformation, as a result of which work hardening and a partial conversion of a structure of the cast steel into a martensitic structure can take place.
  • the DE 28 18 733 A1 shows a bullet-resistant body which is formed from a chilled cast material which can contain a manganese content of 0 to 20 percent by weight.
  • Another armor plate for protection against projectiles is from the DE 10 2012 109 692 A1 known, the armor plate being formed here from a steel alloy which can contain up to 2.5 percent by mass of manganese. It can also be provided that the armor plate is hardened and, after hardening, is subjected to a cold forming step.
  • the present invention is based on the object of proposing an armor plate and a method for its production which enables an improved protective effect.
  • This object is achieved by an armor plate with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 9.
  • the armor plate according to the invention for protection against projectiles is formed from at least one metal layer, the metal layer being formed from cast steel, the cast steel containing 8 to 25, preferably 10 to 20 percent by mass of manganese as an alloy component,
  • the armor plate is designed with a base layer and a cover layer, the cover layer being formed and work-hardened by cold forming of the cast steel, the cover layer having a predominantly martensitic structure, with grooves running parallel and equidistantly formed prior to the cold forming by machining the plate with a disc milling cutter are.
  • the material of the metal layer is consequently cast steel or cast steel and the armor plate is already formed by a metal layer, which in turn comprises the support layer and the cover layer.
  • the armor plate can in principle have any geometric shape that can be produced by casting.
  • a casting mold is poured with liquid steel, so that a three-dimensional structure of the armor plate results, so that the armor plate consists entirely of cast steel and is formed in one piece by the casting. Due to the high proportion of manganese as an alloy component, it is possible to design the plate with great hardness.
  • a predominantly bainitic, austenitic and / or martensitic structure of the armor plate can then be formed.
  • the cover layer is designed to be cold-hardened by means of the partial cold forming of the cast steel of the armor plate, based on a total thickness of the armor plate. This means that the cover layer is only formed by the partial cold forming of the cast steel of the armor plate. The areas of the armor plate that are not exposed to cold forming then form the base layer, which is directly adjacent to the top layer. The cover layer can merge into the base layer, for example with the formation of a gradient of a structure.
  • Cold forming for example by applying pressure to the armor plate, by means of punches, rollers, hammers or the like, causes dislocations and internal stresses in the cast steel of the armor plate, which lead to an increase in hardness and the yield point, which increases the strength of the outer layer of the armor plate significantly increased. Compressive or tensile stresses caused by projectile impact can be generated on the top layer, are shifted into the base layer, whereby a breakage of the armor plate can be effectively prevented.
  • Cold forming is understood here to mean plastic forming of the cast steel below its recrystallization temperature.
  • the base layer can have a predominantly bainitic and / or austenitic structure. This can result from the fact that the cast steel has this structure and the base layer is not subjected to cold forming. Furthermore, because the cast steel has a manganese content of 8 to 25, preferably 10 to 20 percent by weight, a bainitic or austenitic structure of the cast steel can be obtained more easily.
  • the respective structure is in a cooled or ready-to-use state of the armor plate.
  • the martensitic structure in the top layer outweighs possible other structures of the cast steel with a share of> 50 percent by mass.
  • Austenitic or bainitic cast steel in particular, hardens when cold worked, so that the cast steel is difficult to process, but at the same time offers great resistance to penetrating bullets.
  • special processing of the armor plate after the work hardening is no longer necessary.
  • the cast steel can also contain 0.01 to 2, preferably 0.3 to 1.5, percent by mass of carbon as an alloy component.
  • a higher carbon content favors the formation of an austenitic structure with a manganese content of over 4%.
  • carbon plays an important role in converting the austenitic structure into a martensitic structure, which is why the cast steel can advantageously contain at least 0.2% carbon. In this way, cold working can then also be used to work harden the cover layer in a simple manner.
  • the armor plate can then still have a comparatively high level of toughness with a high degree of hardness.
  • a transformation of retained austenite into martensite is favored in the event of deformation by a high carbon concentration.
  • a particularly high elongation at break can also be achieved with an amount of retained austenite of 33 to 57 percent by volume.
  • the cast steel can contain 0.4 to 3.5, preferably 1 to 2.5 percent by weight of chromium as an alloy component. First of all, this makes it possible to achieve a higher hardness and corrosion resistance of the cast steel.
  • the austenitic structure can also be formed by cold forming at comparatively low temperatures by means of chrome.
  • the cast steel can be tempered, preferably by quenching in a salt bath and / or by tempering in an oven in an air atmosphere. It is essential that the remuneration of the cast steel always takes place before the cold forming, since otherwise the work hardening of the top layer can be at least partially or completely eliminated.
  • a bainitic or martensitic structure can, for example, be formed by the remuneration. It can further be provided that these structures are only formed in an edge zone of the armor plate. By tempering in the furnace, a bainitic or austenitic structure can also be obtained, which has a mechanically unstable austenite phase that can be converted comparatively quickly to a martensitic structure during cold forming or when a projectile penetrates.
  • the cover layer can be arranged in the direction of a bombardment direction.
  • the base layer can then form a rear side of the armor plate facing away from the direction of fire.
  • the support layer forms two thirds and the cover layer one third of the thickness of the armor plate.
  • the armor plate can have variations in the thicknesses of the respective layers.
  • the respective layers can then be of the same thickness or also of different thicknesses, the cover layer arranged in a firing direction being able to lower a genetic energy of a projectile before it penetrates the base layer.
  • the support layer forming a rear side can then form a supporting back plate for the cover layer.
  • the composite armor according to the invention is formed with at least two armor plates according to the invention, which are separated from one another by a composite layer. In principle, there can also be more than two armor plates or a composite layer.
  • the composite layer is then arranged between the armor plates and can be formed from a material which has a comparatively greater hardness and a higher density than the armor plates.
  • the composite layer can for example consist of uranium or tungsten or contain these substances. It is optionally also possible to form the composite layer from ceramic or rubber, in which case the hardness and / or density of the composite layer is comparatively low. Protection against impact projectiles can be further improved with a composite layer. If the composite layer is formed from a ceramic material, this can be formed by sintering. The ceramic material can then be formed from aluminum oxide, silicon carbide or boron carbide.
  • the armor plate is formed from at least one metal layer, the metal layer being formed from cast steel, the cast steel containing 8 to 25, preferably 10 to 20 percent by mass of manganese as an alloy component , wherein the armor plate is formed with a base layer and a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is formed and work hardened by means of cold forming of the cast steel of the armor plate, the cover layer being formed by means of cold forming with a predominantly martensitic structure, with prior to cold forming by machining the plate with grooves running parallel and equidistantly can be formed using a side milling cutter.
  • parallel and equidistant grooves are formed prior to cold forming by machining the armor plate with a disk milling cutter. This machining of the armor plate is carried out before the cold forming, since machining of the cold-hardened top layer is hardly possible.
  • a bainitic or austenitic structure can advantageously be used in the area of the cover layer Wise formed and possibly converted into a martensitic structure.
  • the cold deformation takes place in such a way that the metal layer, based on a layer thickness of the metal layer, is at least partially cold-hardened in the area of the cover layer.
  • the cover layer of the metal layer can then be made comparatively hard and the base layer of the metal layer can be made comparatively tough.
  • the use of manganese as an alloy component in the specified proportions results in a completely new use of the cast steel in question, in particular for armor plates to protect against projectiles.
  • a temperature of the cast steel can be constant in a range of ⁇ 1 to 5 ° C. In order to maintain the structure in question, it is particularly advantageous to maintain this temperature range.
  • the top layer can be work hardened by means of pressure exerted on the plate with a stamp, rollers or hammers. A final heat treatment of the armor plate after cold forming is excluded or not provided, since the work hardening can then be broken down again. Furthermore, the ductility of the cover layer can also be reduced by the cold forming, as a result of which the cover layer can be made comparatively brittle with respect to the base layer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Plaque de blindage pour la protection contre des projectiles, la plaque de blindage étant fait d'au moins une couche de métal, la couche de métal étant fait d'acier coulé, l'acier coulé contenant (8 à 25) % en masse, de préférence (10 à 20) % en masse, de manganèse (Mn) comme composant d'alliage,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la plaque de blindage a une couche de support et une couche de couverture, la couche de couverture étant réalisée par formage de l'acier coulé à froid et étant écrouie, la couche de couverture ayant une structure principalement de la martensite, la plaque étant traitée en utilisant une fraise en disque afin de former des rainures, qui s'étendent de manière parallèle et équidistante, avant le formage à froid.
  2. Plaque de blindage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche de support a une structure principalement de la bainite et/ou de l'austénite.
  3. Plaque de blindage selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'acier coulé contient (0,01 à 2) % en masse, de préférence (0,3 à 1,5) % en masse, de carbone (C) comme composant d'alliage.
  4. Plaque de blindage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'acier coulé contient (0,4 à 3,5) % en masse, de préférence (1 à 2,5) % en masse, de chrome (Cr) comme composant d'alliage.
  5. Plaque de blindage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'acier coulé est trempé, de préférence par étant trempé dans un bain de sel et/ou par étant trempé dans un four dans un atmosphère d'air.
  6. Plaque de blindage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche de couverture est disposée en direction de tir.
  7. Plaque de blindage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche de support forme deux tiers de l'épaisseur de la plaque de blindage et la couche de couverture forme un tiers de l'épaisseur de la plaque de blindage.
  8. Plaque composite ayant deux plaques de blindage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la plaque composite a deux plaques de blindage qui sont séparées par une couche composite.
  9. Procédé pour la production d'une plaque de blindage, en particulier une plaque de blindage pour la protection contre des projectiles, la plaque de blindage étant fait d'au moins une couche de métal, la couche de métal étant fait d'acier coulé, l'acier coulé contenant (8 à 25) % en masse, de préférence (10 à 20) % en masse, de manganèse (Mn) comme composant d'alliage,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la plaque de blindage a une couche de support et une couche de couverture, la couche de couverture étant réalisée par formage de l'acier coulé à froid et étant écrouie, la couche de couverture étant réalisée de manière d'avoir une structure principalement de la martensite au moyen du formage à froid, la plaque étant traitée en utilisant une fraise en disque afin de former des rainures, qui s'étendent de manière parallèle et équidistante, avant le formage à froid.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'une température de l'acier coulé est constante dans une plage de +/- (1 à 5) degrés Celsius pendant la coulée.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche de couverture est formée à froid au moyens d'une pression exercée sur la plaque par une étampe, par un rouleau ou par des marteaux.
EP18207464.1A 2017-12-13 2018-11-21 Plaque de blindage et son procédé de fabrication Active EP3499173B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017129818.5A DE102017129818A1 (de) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Panzerplatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3499173A1 EP3499173A1 (fr) 2019-06-19
EP3499173B1 true EP3499173B1 (fr) 2021-04-28

Family

ID=64426719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18207464.1A Active EP3499173B1 (fr) 2017-12-13 2018-11-21 Plaque de blindage et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3499173B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017129818A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2818733A1 (de) * 1978-04-28 1979-10-31 Wahl Verschleiss Tech Beschussbestaendiger, insbesondere plattenfoermiger, koerper
DE10220476B9 (de) * 2002-05-07 2004-12-30 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Stahl und daraus hergestelltes Bauelement für den ballistischen Schutz von Lebewesen, Vorrichtungen oder Bauwerken und Bauelement
ITUD20120159A1 (it) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-15 F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A Procedimento per la fabbricazione di getti in acciaio
DE102012109692A1 (de) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Benteler Defense Gmbh & Co. Kg Verwendung einer Stahllegierung zur Herstellung eines Panzerbauteils und Panzerbauteil
DE102016117071A1 (de) * 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Craco Gmbh Verbundpanzerung und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017129818A1 (de) 2019-06-13
EP3499173A1 (fr) 2019-06-19

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