Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
  • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
  • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
  • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B21/00—Rims
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
  • B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
  • B60B3/12—Means of reinforcing disc bodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
  • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
  • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0231—Warm rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0442—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0452—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with application of tension
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
  • B60B2310/50—Thermal treatment
  • B60B2310/54—Hardening
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
  • B60B2310/50—Thermal treatment
  • B60B2310/54—Hardening
  • B60B2310/542—Quenching
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2360/00—Materials; Physical forms thereof
  • B60B2360/10—Metallic materials
  • B60B2360/102—Steel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
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  • B60B2360/14—Physical forms of metallic parts
  • B60B2360/141—Sheet-metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
  • B60B2900/10—Reduction of
  • B60B2900/111—Weight
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C22C—ALLOYS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
  • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
  • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
  • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
  • Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
  • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a chassis component for a motor vehicle, wherein the chassis component is at least partially made of a multilayer steel sheet, wherein the multilayer steel sheet has at least three steel layers comprising two outer and one inner steel layer.
• the invention relates to a method for producing a chassis component for a motor vehicle, in particular a chassis component according to the invention, in particular a wheel or a part thereof.
• Motor vehicle wheels (colloquially also called rims) as an example of a suspension component can be cast, for example, from light metal.
• steel wheels or -feigen characterized by a low production price and good performance characteristics.
• the wheel is a safety component and is subject to the highest mechanical stresses in continuous operation, so that in particular the life plays an important role.
• the wheel weight affects with increasing mass unfavorable to the unsprung masses (suspension), rotational inertia and fuel consumption.
• the manufactured in sheet metal construction vehicle wheels or rims are usually composed of a so-called rim tape and a wheel. While the rim tape provides for the tire in use, the wheel disc connects the wheel to the respective hub.
• welding such as a MAG welding, used.
• the wheel components made of steel are nowadays produced without exception by cold forming in a multi-stage process (deep-drawing, flow-forming, profiling).
• a wheel for a motor vehicle is known, wherein the steel sheet is cold formed.
• the Radschüssel consists of different steel layers with an inner core layer with lesser
• the carbon content of the outer layers is limited to at most 0.2 wt .-% in order to ensure the cold workability of the wheel can.
• Resistance to vibration can be used to safely absorb operating loads.
• the predominantly used welding methods such as MAG welding or resistance spot welding, lead by the melting of the
• the invention is based on the object, a generic
• chassis component for a motor vehicle and a method for producing a chassis component for a motor vehicle, which is characterized by an extremely low weight with high operational stability.
• the object is achieved in a generic chassis component in that at least one outer steel layer of the multilayer steel sheet has a tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa.
• martensitic microstructure have a particularly high bending fatigue strength and are therefore ideal for use in components which are exposed to a high, alternating continuous load, such as suspension components and in particular steel wheels or rims.
• the multi-layered steel sheet has at least three steel layers and thus at least one inner steel layer, sufficient weldability can initially be made possible despite the high strength of at least one outer steel layer.
• the total hardening can be reduced.
• the tensile strength as a material property is understood to mean the maximum mechanical tensile stress that the material endures before it breaks or tears.
• tensile strength is meant in particular the tensile strength R m .
• the multilayer steel sheet has only three steel layers, the three steel layers are preferably arranged one on top of the other and directly connected to one another, for example by means of roll cladding. However, it is also possible that between an inner steel layer and one or both outer steel layers more
• Liners are provided.
• the multilayer steel sheet may preferably have an inner steel layer, or core layer. However, it is also conceivable that further inner steel layers are provided. Preferably, both outer steel layers of the multilayer steel sheet have a tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa. As a result, a chassis component can be provided with an overall improved operational stability.
• the at least one outer steel layer preferably both outer steel layers, consists of a completely martensitic steel material. It has been shown that completely martensitic steel materials have a particularly high
• At least one outer steel layer preferably both outer steel layers of the chassis component according to the invention.
• multilayer steel sheet has a tensile strength of at least 1500 MPa. More preferably, at least one outer steel layer, preferably both outer steel layers of the multilayer steel sheet, may have a tensile strength of at least 1900 MPa or even at least 2100 MPa. It has been shown that even with these
• an inner steel layer of the multilayer steel sheet has a lower tensile strength and / or higher ductility and, in particular, weldability than at least one outer steel layer, preferably as both outer steel layers.
• the ductility in particular the breaking elongation (for example, the
• Elongation at break A 80 serve).
• the strength of the outer layer in spite of the high strength, can be compensated by the inner layer and so in particular the weldability can be maintained and cracking by residual stresses can be reduced.
• an inner steel layer of the multi-layered steel sheet has one
• an inner steel layer of the multilayer steel sheet has an elongation at break A 80 of at least 10%, preferably at least 15% (in the cured, heat treated and / or tempered state).
• an inner steel sheet of the multi-layered steel sheet has one
• an inner steel layer is made of a steel material MBW500, which in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight) up to 0.10% C, up to 0.35% Si, up to 1.00% Mn, up to 0.030 % P, up to 0.025% S, at least 0.015% Al, up to 0.10% Nb, up to 0.15% Ti and / or up to 0.005% B.
• Cr and Mo can optionally be included with a total of no more than 0.5%.
• the multilayer steel sheet has at least one intermediate steel layer disposed between an outer steel layer and an inner steel layer, wherein the tensile strength of the steel intermediate layer is less than that of the outer steel layer and greater than that of the inner steel layer and / or wherein the ductility the steel intermediate layer is larger than that of the outer steel layer and lower than that of the inner steel layer.
• the multi-layer steel sheet has an inner steel layer and on both sides in each case an outer steel layer, wherein in each case a steel intermediate layer is provided between the inner steel layer and an outer steel layer.
• the multi-layer steel sheet is therefore constructed according to an embodiment at least five layers. This further allows tailor-made properties of the chassis component and overall can provide an additional increase in the strength of the suspension component.
• the multilayer steel sheet is hardened, in particular press-hardened or tempered.
• hardening can be particularly economically high strength of the outer steel layers be achieved.
• the hardening can be carried out, for example, as press hardening during hot forming. Hardening can, however, also take place after cold forming. Hardening can also be part of a
• the at least one outer steel layer therefore consists in particular of a hardenable steel or tempered steel.
• an inner steel layer may also be hardened and consist of a hardenable steel, whereby, however, a lower strength and / or higher ductility is preferably achieved in comparison with at least one outer steel layer.
• the composite material can only be cold-formed if the tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa in at least one layer is reached beforehand.
• the multilayer steel sheet is a hot-formed, a half-hot-formed or a cold-formed steel sheet.
• a particularly advantageous high formability with high strength at the same time can be achieved in particular by hot working (above the recrystallization temperature). High strength can then be achieved, for example, economically by press hardening. However, it has been shown that cold forming can also take place. Nevertheless, in order to achieve a high strength, hardening or tempering may preferably take place after the cold forming.
• hot forging the workpiece is heated, but only to a temperature below the recrystallization temperature, thereby providing the benefits of hot working (easier formability and higher
• At least one outer steel layer preferably both outer steel layers, and / or an inner steel layer consists of a tempering steel, in particular a
• Manganese-boron steel If one or more steel liners are provided, they preferably also consist of a tempering steel, in particular a manganese-boron steel.
• a tempering steel in particular a manganese-boron steel.
• At least one outer steel layer or a steel intermediate layer of manganese-boron steel MBW1500 which in addition to iron and unavoidable
• Impurities up to 0.25% C, up to 0.40% Si, up to 1.40% Mn, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, at least 0.015% Al, to to 0.05% Ti, up to 0.50% Cr + Mo and / or up to 0.005% B.
• tensile strengths R m of more than 1500 MPa can be achieved.
• Manganese boron steel MBW1900 steel liner which in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight) up to 0.38% C, up to 0.40% Si, up to 1.40% Mn, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, at least 0.015% Al, up to 0.13% Ti, up to 0.50% Cr + Mo and / or up to 0.005% B.
• tensile strengths R m of over 1900 MPa can be achieved.
• Steel liner made of manganese-boron steel 37MnB4, which in addition to iron and
• unavoidable impurities 0.34% to 0.40% C, up to 0.40% Si, 0.80% to 1.10% Mn, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.008% S , 0.020% to 0.060% Al, 0.15% to 0.60% Cr, 0.020% to 0.050% Ti and / or 0.0010 to 0.0050% B contains.
• Steel liner made of manganese-boron steel 40MnB4, which in addition to iron and
• unavoidable impurities 0.38% to 0.44% C, 0.015% to 0.40% Si, 0.80% to 1.10% Mn, up to 0.020% P, up to 0.008% S, 0.020% to 0.060% Al, 0.20% to 0.40% Cr, 0.020% to 0.050% Ti and / or 0.0010 to 0.0040% B.
• Steel intermediate layer of tempered steel C45 which in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight) 0.42% to 0.50% C, up to 0.40% Si, 0.50% to 0.80% Mn, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, up to 0.40% Cr, up to 0.10% Mo, up to 0.40% Ni and / or up to 0.63% Cr + Mo + Ni ,
• the steel materials described allow a high tensile strength and can be formed by hot forming, so that they are also very high strength
• Hot forming steels can be referred to.
• an inner steel layer for example, consists of a manganese steel MBW500.
• At least one outer steel layer preferably both outer steel layers, has a carbon content of at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.25% by weight, more preferably at least 0.3% by weight. on.
• a high tensile strength can be achieved in particular advantageous.
• At least one outer steel layer, preferably in each case both outer steel layers, of the multi-layered steel sheet constitutes at least 5% and / or at most 25% of the thickness of the multilayered steel sheet. It has been shown that sufficient
• Total strength of the vehicle component can be reliably achieved when an outer steel layer makes up at least 5% of the total thickness of the multi-layer steel sheet. If the thickness of an outer steel layer is limited to at most 25% of the total thickness of the multilayer steel sheet, the beneficial influence of an inner steel remains Steel layer on the weldability and the mechanical properties of the suspension component sufficiently large.
• the chassis component is a wheel or a part thereof, in particular a
• Motor vehicle such as a handlebar, torsion, stabilizer, an axle or parts thereof are formed as described.
• a motor vehicle is, for example, a passenger car or a light or heavy commercial vehicle, such as a truck.
• the object mentioned at the outset is also achieved by a method for producing a chassis component for a motor vehicle, in particular a chassis component according to the invention, in particular a wheel or a part thereof, comprising the method comprising: providing a multilayer steel sheet, wherein the multilayer steel sheet Steel sheet comprising at least three steel sheets comprising two outer and one inner steel sheet, wherein at least one outer steel sheet of the multi-layer steel sheet enables a tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa; Forming the multilayer steel sheet into the chassis component; and setting a tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa for the at least one outer steel layer of the multi-layer steel sheet.
• a chassis component with particularly high strength and bending fatigue strength can be provided by the method.
• a high level of operational stability can be achieved at the same time the multi-layer steel sheet in particular a sufficient weldability and low sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking can be achieved.
• a correspondingly high tensile strength of more than 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1500 MPa, more preferably more than 1900 MPa, can be achieved, for example, by the fact that, as already described, a tempering steel, in particular a manganese-boron steel, is provided for the at least one outer steel layer becomes.
• the forming of the multilayer steel sheet can be at significantly lower
• the forming can be a hot forming, a half-warm forming or a cold forming.
• the setting of the high tensile strength is then preferably only with or after the forming.
• the multilayer steel sheet for adjusting the tensile strength is hardened, in particular press-hardened or tempered.
• Embodiments of the method according to the invention also be disclosed a correspondingly manufactured suspension component.
• the disclosure of embodiments of the chassis component according to the invention is intended to disclose corresponding method steps for the production thereof.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
• suspension components according to the invention in the form of a motor vehicle wheel in section; and Fig. 2a-c three embodiments of multi-layer steel sheets in section, which can be used in embodiments of the suspension component according to the invention or in embodiments of the method according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a suspension component according to the invention in the form of a wheel 1 in section.
• the wheel 1 is assembled in a conventional manner from a separately manufactured annular rim tape 2 and a plate-shaped wheel dish 3.
• the wheel disc 3 is seated in the opening of the rim tape 2 and rests with its peripheral surface on the inside of the rim strip 2.
• An inseparable connection between the rim tape 2 and the wheel disc 3 is made by joining in the form of one or more welds or welds.
• the wheel disc 3 and / or the rim tape 2 are at least partially made of a multi-layer steel sheet.
• FIGS. 2a-c show three exemplary embodiments of multilayer steel sheets in section, which can be used to produce the wheel disc 3 and / or the rim tape 2.
• the multilayer steel sheet 10 shown in section in FIG. 2a has three steel layers comprising two outer steel layers 11, 12 and one inner steel layer 13.
• the two outer steel layers 11, 12 are made of an alloyed tempered steel (manganese-boron steel MBW1500) and each have a tensile strength of at least 1500 MPa after the press-hardening or tempering of the steel sheet.
• the two outer steel layers 11, 12 of the multi-layer steel sheet 10 each make up 25% of the thickness of the multi-layered steel sheet 10.
• the inner steel layer 13 of the multi-layer steel sheet 10 has a smaller one
• the inner steel layer 13 is made of manganese-boron steel (MBW500) but with a tensile strength of only about 500 MPa after press-hardening or tempering.
• the multilayer steel sheet 20 shown in section in FIG. 2b likewise has three
• Steel layers comprising two outer steel layers 21, 22 and an inner steel layer 23 on.
• the two outer steel layers 21, 22 are made of an alloyed tempered steel (manganese-boron steel MBW1900) and each have a tensile strength of at least 1900 MPa after the press-hardening or tempering of the steel sheet.
• the two outer steel layers 21, 22 of the multi-layered steel sheet 20 each make up less than 25% of the thickness of the multi-layered steel sheet 20.
• the inner steel layer 23 of the multi-layer steel sheet 20 has a smaller one
• the inner steel layer 23 is made of a manganese-boron steel (MBW500) but with a tensile strength of only about 500 MPa after press-hardening or tempering.
• MMW500 manganese-boron steel
• the multi-layer steel sheet 30 shown in section in FIG. 2 c has five steel layers comprising two outer steel layers 31, 32, one inner steel layer 33, and a total of two steel intermediate layers 34, 35, one steel intermediate layer between each inner steel layer 33 and one of the outer steel layers 31, 32 is arranged.
• the two outer steel layers 31, 32 are made of an alloyed tempered steel (manganese-boron steel) and each have a tensile strength of at least 2100 MPa after the press-hardening or tempering of the steel sheet.
• the two outer steel layers 31, 32 of the multi-layered steel sheet 30 each make up less than 25% of the thickness of the multi-layered steel sheet 20.
• the inner steel layer 33 of the multi-layered steel sheet 30 has a smaller one
• the inner steel layer 33 again consists of a manganese-boron steel (MBW500) with a tensile strength of only about 500 MPa after press-hardening or tempering.
• MMW500 manganese-boron steel
• the tensile strength of the steel liners 34, 35 is at least 1500 MPa, but less than that of the outer steel layers 31, 32 and greater than that of the inner steel layer 33.
• the ductility of the steel intermediate layers 34, 35 is greater than that of the outer steel layers 31, 32 but less than that of the inner steel layer 33.
• the multilayer steel sheets 10, 20, 30 can be brought into the shape of the wheel dish 3 or the rim strip 2 shown in FIG. 1, for example by hot forming, hot forging or cold forming.
• the hot forming can be combined, for example, with a press hardening.
• during cold forming can be connected to the cold forming, for example, a separate compensation, consisting of hardening and tempering.

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• 2016
  • 2016-08-12 DE DE102016115036.3A patent/DE102016115036A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2017
  • 2017-08-08 EP EP17758444.8A patent/EP3496954A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-08-08 WO PCT/EP2017/070060 patent/WO2018029191A1/de unknown
  • 2017-08-08 US US16/324,602 patent/US10661532B2/en active Active
  • 2017-08-08 CN CN201780049526.0A patent/CN109562637A/zh active Pending

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