CN109562637A - 具有高运行强度的底盘组件 - Google Patents

具有高运行强度的底盘组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109562637A
CN109562637A CN201780049526.0A CN201780049526A CN109562637A CN 109562637 A CN109562637 A CN 109562637A CN 201780049526 A CN201780049526 A CN 201780049526A CN 109562637 A CN109562637 A CN 109562637A
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China
Prior art keywords
steel
steel layer
layer
multilayer
external
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CN201780049526.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
大卫·皮耶罗纳克
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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Publication of CN109562637A publication Critical patent/CN109562637A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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    • B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
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    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0452—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with application of tension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的底盘组件，其中该底盘组件(1)至少部分由多层钢板(10,20,30)制成，其中该多层钢板(10,20,30)至少具有三个钢层，包括两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)和一个内部钢层(13,23,33)，并且其中该多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)具有至少1200MPa的抗拉强度。本发明此外还涉及一种用于生产用于车辆的底盘组件，尤其车轮(1)或其一部分的方法。

Description

具有高运行强度的底盘组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的底盘组件，其中该底盘组件至少部分由多层钢板制成，其中该多层钢板至少具有三个钢层，包括两个外部钢层和一个内部钢层。本发明此外还涉及一种用于生产用于车辆的底盘组件，尤其根据本发明的底盘组件，尤其车轮或其一部分的方法。
背景技术
车辆车轮(通常也叫做轮辋)作为底盘组件的一个实例例如可以由轻金属浇铸而成。作为其替代，此外还已知，以板材构建方式由钢材生产载重车辆车轮或轮辋。这里，钢制车轮或钢制轮辋的特征在于有利的生产价格和良好的使用特性。这里需注意，车轮为安全构件并且在长时间运行中经受最高的机械应力，由此，使用寿命尤其重要。但在最小化未经缓冲的车辆质量方面，轻金属所制的锻造车轮由于其低重量被视为特别有利的。因为车轮重量随着其质量的提高而对未缓冲的质量(底盘)、旋转惯性和燃油消耗产生不利影响。但目前同样可以在生产价格明显更合适的情况下由坚固的、但可良好变形的钢板制造车辆车轮，其由于其低壁厚而可以具有更加低的重量。
这里，以板材构建方式制造的车辆车轮或轮辋通常由所谓的轮辋带和轮盘组成。轮毂带在使用中提供轮胎的容纳部，而轮盘建立起车轮与相应轮毂的连接。例如使用焊接，如MAG焊接作为两个车轮构件，即轮辋带和轮盘之间的接合技术。
钢制车轮组件如今无例外地通过冷成型在多级方法(深冲、旋压、赋形)中生产。由此，例如由DE 102008048389 B4中已知用于车辆的车轮，其中将钢板进行冷成型。这里，轮盘由具有位于内部的、强度较低的核心层的不同的钢层构成。这里，将外层的碳含量限制在最高0.2重量％，以能够确保轮盘的可冷成型性。
为了可以实现进一步的重量降低，必须一方面在板厚较小时通过几何形状的匹配补偿刚度损失，和/或另一方面使用具有更高强度或疲劳极限的其他材料以可靠承担运行负荷。
涉及可成形性的问题，由现有技术中同样已知热成型的可能性，利用其虽可基本上实现高强度的同时的高可成型性。但为了可以将热成型钢的高材料强度转化为提高的构件性能，必须消除潜在的薄弱位置，其中这里接合技术通常是限制性的因素。尤其是主要所使用的焊接方法，如MAG焊接或者电阻点焊，通过基材的熔化和高温导致马氏体组织结构的回火效应。由此出现了焊缝区域中软化区的形成，该软化区的特征在于更低的强度和同时较低的韧性。这在运行中通过摆动负载或者在碰撞时结合冶金学的以及几何形状的缺口通常引起焊缝区域中的过早失效。
此外问题还在于，除高材料强度外，仅具有低的韧性，并且由此在车轮过载时会发生极限行为(例如错误载重情况，碰撞路沿石)。此外，材料可因为高强度而易发生氢致脆化。由此，高材料强度并不能直接转化为更高的构件性能并且轻质化构建在此遇到了技术限制。
因此，目前为止人们认为，在底盘构件中，以钢板构建方式不能或者不能直接经济地实现进一步提高的构件性能，因为提高的强度使得不再能够达到所要求的成型度或者与其它特性，如足够的可接合性(焊接性能)相悖。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，给出这种用于车辆的底盘组件和用于生产用于车辆的底盘组件的方法，该底盘组件的特征在于非常小的重量，同时具有高的运行强度。
该目的在这种底盘组件方面这样解决，即，多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层具有大于1200MPa的抗拉强度。
通过广泛的内部研究一方面确定了，具有高强度，尤其具有主要为马氏体组织结构的钢材具有特别高的弯曲交变疲劳极限并且由此理想适用于经受高的、交变的长期负载的组件中，例如底盘组件和尤其钢制车轮或轮辋。
另一方面，出乎意料的是，与目前的假设相反，具有大于1200MPa的强度的钢板可在具有至少三个钢层的多层钢板中用作外部钢层，而不会经受开头所述的缺点，由此尽管强度较高，也可以实现同时较高的运行强度。
通过多层钢板具有至少三个钢层并由此具有至少一个内部钢层，可以额外地尽管在至少一个外部钢层强度较高的情况下也实现了足够的焊接性能。因为通过将多层钢板材料的组成部分在焊缝区域中的熔合，可以降低总硬度。此外可有利地实现针对氢诱导的裂缝形成的敏感性显著降低，因为多层钢板的总强度例如可通过至少一个内部的层降低并且通过内部的层消除内部应力。此外，底盘构件的构件应力主要集中在构件表面，由此边缘层的高强度对构件的使用寿命产生积极影响。因此，相对于目前为止的假设，可以将具有明显更高强度的钢材以钢板构件方式用在底盘组件中。
作为材料特性的抗拉强度的意思是材料在断裂或开裂之前所承受的最大拉应力。抗拉强度尤其是指抗拉强度Rm。
如果多层钢板仅具有三个钢层，那么这三个钢层优选彼此叠置并且彼此直接相连，例如借助于辊轧包层。但在一个内部钢层和一个或者两个外部钢层之间设置另外的中间层也是可能的。
多层钢板可优选具有一个内部钢层或者核心层。但设置另外的内部钢层也是可行的。
多层钢板的两个外部钢层优选具有大于1200MPa的抗拉强度。由此可以提供具有总体上进一步改善的运行强度的底盘组件。
至少其中一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层都优选由完全马氏体钢材构成。已经显示出，完全马氏体的材料具有特别高的弯曲交变疲劳极限并且由此理想地适合于用在经受长期负载的底盘组件中。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的一个设计方案，多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层具有至少1500MPa的抗拉强度。更加优选地，多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层具有至少1900MPa或者甚至至少2100MPa的抗拉强度。已经显示出，即使在这种强度下也可以通过多层钢板来补偿实际上预期会出现的、由高强度所引起的缺陷，例如不足的可焊接性或者氢诱导的裂纹产生。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，多层钢板的内部钢层具有比至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层更低的抗拉强度和/或更高的韧性以及尤其更好的焊接特性。这里，尤其将断裂延伸率(例如断裂延伸率A80)作为韧性的标准。由此，尽管强度较高，可以通过内部层补偿外部层的强度并且由此尤其保持焊接性能并且降低通过内部应力产生的裂纹形成。
多层钢板的内部钢层例如具有最高1000MPa，优选最高800MPa，特别优选最高600MPa的抗拉强度。多层钢板的内部钢层(在淬火、热处理和/或调质状态下)例如具有至少10％，优选至少15％的断裂延伸率A80。
多层钢板的内部钢层例如具有比一个或者优选两个外部钢层更低的碳含量。内部钢层例如由具有最高0.15重量％，优选最高0.1重量％的碳含量的钢材构成。内部钢层例如由钢材MBW500构成，其在铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)最大0.10重量％的C，最大0.35％的Si，最大1.00％的Mn,最大0.030％的P,最大0.025％的S,至少0.015％的Al,最大0.10％的Nb,最大0.15％的Ti和/或最大0.005％的B。Cr和Mo可选择性以总量最大0.5％包含在其中。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，多层钢板具有安置在外部钢层和内部钢层之间的中间钢层，其中该中间钢层的抗拉强度比外部钢层的要小，并且比内部钢层的要大，和/或其中该中间钢层的韧性比外部钢层的要大并且比内部钢层的要小。
该多层钢板例如具有内部钢层并且在两面上分别具有一个外部钢层，其中在内部钢层和外部钢层之间分别设置有中间钢层。该多层钢板由此根据一个设计方案构造为至少五层的。这进一步实现了底盘组件定制的特性并且可以总体上实现底盘组件强度的额外提升。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，将该多层钢板淬火，尤其模压淬火或者调质。通过淬火可以特别经济地达到外部钢层的高强度。淬火例如可以以热成型范围内的模压淬火进行。但淬火也可以在冷成型后进行。淬火同样可以在调质处理(淬火和回火)范围内进行。该至少一个的外部钢层因此由可淬火的钢或者调质钢构成。原则上也可以淬火内部钢层并且其由可淬火钢构成，但其中这里优选达到与至少一个外部钢层相比更低的强度和/或更高的韧性。替代性地，当之前在至少一个层中达到了大于1200MPa的抗拉强度时，也可以为一些应用而仅冷成型材料复合物。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，多层钢板为热成型的、半热成型的或者冷成型的钢板。特别有利的、高强度的同时的高成型性可以尤其通过(在重结晶温度之上的)热成型达到。高强度则可以例如经济地通过模压淬火达到。然而已经显示出，同样可进行冷成型。但为了达到高强度，淬火或者调质优选可在冷成型后进行。在半热成型中，将工件加热，但仅加热到重结晶温度下的温度，由此可以将热成型的优势(更容易的可成型性和更高的成型能力)与冷成型的优势(硬化，更高的精度)相结合。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，至少一个外部钢层、优选两个外部钢层，和/或一个内部钢层由调质钢，尤其由锰硼钢构成。如果设置有一个或者多个中间钢层，其优选同样由调质钢，尤其由锰硼钢构成。例如至少一个外部钢层、优选两个外部钢层，内部钢层/或中间钢层由合金的或未合金的调质钢构成。
至少一个外部钢层或者中间钢层例如由锰硼钢MBW1500构成，其除铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)最大0.25％的C,最大0.40％的Si,最大1.40％的Mn,最大0.025％的P,最大0.010％的S,至少0.015％的Al,最大0.05％的Ti,最大0.50％的Cr+Mo和/或最大0.005％的B。利用这种钢例如可以达到超过1500MPa的抗拉强度Rm。
在另一个实例中，至少一个外部钢层或者一个中间钢层由锰硼钢MBW1900构成，其在铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)最大0.38％的C,最大0.40％的Si,最大1.40％的Mn,最大0.025％的P,最大0.010％的S,至少0.015％的Al,最大0.13％的Ti,最大0.50％的Cr+Mo和/或最大0.005％的B。利用这种钢例如可以达到超过1900MPa的抗拉强度Rm。
在另一个实例中，至少一个外部钢层或者一个中间钢层由锰硼钢37MnB4构成，其在铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)0.34％至0.40％C,最大0.40％的Si,0.80％至1.10％的Mn,最大0.025％的P,最大0.008％的S,0.020％至0.060％的Al,0.15％至0.60％的Cr,0.020％至0.050％的Ti和/或0.0010至0.0050％的B。
在另一个实例中，至少一个外部钢层或者一个中间钢层由锰硼钢40MnB4构成，其在铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)0.38％至0.44％的C,0.015％至0.40％的Si,0.80％至1.10％的Mn,最大0.020％的P,最大0.008％的S,0.020％至0.060％的Al,0.20％至0.40％的Cr,0.020％至0.050％的Ti和/或0.0010至0.0040％的B。
在另一个实例中，至少一个外部钢层或者一个中间钢层由调质钢C45构成，其在铁和不可避免的杂质外还含有(重量％为单位)0.42％至0.50％的C,最大0.40％的Si,0.50％至0.80％的Mn,最大0.025％的P,最大0.010％的S,最大0.40％的Cr,最大0.10％的Mo,最大0.40％的Ni和/或最大0.63％的Cr+Mo+Ni。
所说明的钢材实现了高强度并且可以借助于热成型而成型，由此其也叫做超高强度热成型钢。
如已经提到的，内部钢层例如由锰硼钢MBW500构成。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层具有至少0.2重量％，优选至少0.25重量％，进一步优选至少0.3重量％的碳含量。通过提高的碳含量尤其可以有利地达到高的抗拉强度。如已经提到的，已经确定，通过设置多层钢板可以设定相应高的抗拉强度并且同时可以满足对底盘组件，尤其车辆车轮或轮辋的要求，并且尽管碳含量非常高，但依旧可以保持所需要的焊接性能。甚至显示出，至少0.34重量％，至少0.38重量％或者甚至至少0.4重量％的碳含量是可能的。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层分别占据该多层钢板厚度的至少5％和/或最高25％。已经显示出，当外部钢层占据多层钢板总厚的至少5％时，可过程可靠地达到车辆组件足够的总强度。如果将外部钢层的厚度限制在多层钢板总厚度的最高25％，内部钢层对底盘组件的焊接特性和机械特性的有利影响保持足够大。
根据符合本发明的底盘组件的另一个设计方案，底盘组件是一个车轮或车轮的一部分，尤其轮盘和/或轮辋带。尤其在车辆车轮中需要在板厚较小的情况下达到高强度并且同时尤其借助于可焊接性实现各个车轮组件，如轮盘或者轮辋带的接合。已经证明，当所说明的底盘组件至少包括轮盘时，其已经可以是足够的。轮辋带可不同地生产。但同样可行的是，如所述地形成车辆的其它底盘组件，如导杆、扭转型材、稳定器、轴或者其部件。
车辆例如为载人车辆或者轻型或重型商用车辆，例如载重汽车。
根据本发明的第二种教导，开头所述的目的也通过用于生产用于车辆的底盘组件，尤其根据本发明的底盘组件，尤其车轮或其部件的方法解决，该方法包括：提供多层钢板，其中该多层钢板具有包括至少两个外部钢层和一个内部钢层的至少三个钢层，其中多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层实现了大于1200MPa的抗拉强度；将多层钢板成型为底盘组件；并且为多层钢板的至少一个外部钢层调整得到大于1200MPa的抗拉强度。
通过该方法可一方面提供具有特别高的强度和弯曲交变疲劳极限的底盘组件。另一方面，尽管强度较高，依旧可以实现同时较高的运行强度，因为通过多层的钢板尤其可以达到足够的焊接性能和针对氢诱导裂纹形成的低敏感性。
大于1200MPa，优选至少1500MPa，特别优选大于1900MPa相应高的抗拉强度例如可这样达到，即，如前所述地为至少一个外部钢层设置调质钢，尤其锰硼钢。
但多层钢板的成型可在明显更小的抗拉强度下，也就是说在还未淬火或者调质的状态下进行。由此，根据符合本发明的方法的一个设计方案，成型可以是热成型、半热成型或者冷成型。
然后优选才与成型一起或者在成型之后进行高抗拉强度的调整。由此，根据符合本发明的方法的一个设计方案，将多层钢板淬火，尤其模压淬火或者调质，以调整抗拉强度。
关于根据本发明的方法的其它设计方案和优势，参考根据本发明的底盘组件的实施方案。尤其通过先前的或者接下来对根据本发明的方法的优选实施形式的说明也公开了相应所生产的底盘组件。同样地，通过公开根据本发明的底盘组件的实施形式也公开了用于其生产的相应的方法步骤。
附图说明
接下来借助于实施例，结合附图进一步说明本发明，图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的底盘组件的车辆车轮形式的一个实施例的剖面示意图；以及
图2a-c示出了多层钢板的三个实施例的剖面图，其可以用在根据本发明的底盘组件的实施例或者根据本发明的方法的实施例中。
具体实施方式
图1首先示意性示出了根据本发明的底盘组件的车轮1形式的一个实施例的剖面图。车轮1以本身已知的方式由单独制造的环形轮辋带2和盘形的轮盘3组成。轮盘3位于轮辋带2的开口内并且以其周面贴靠在轮辋带2的内侧上。轮辋带2和轮盘3之间不可松解的连接通过一个或多个焊缝或者焊点的形式来产生。
轮盘3和/或轮辋带2在此至少部分地由多层钢板制成。图2a-c示出了多层钢板的三个实施例的剖面图，其可用于生产轮盘3和/或轮辋带2。
在图2a中以剖面图所示的多层钢板10具有包括两个外部钢层11,12和一个内部钢层13的三个钢层。两个外部钢层11,12由合金调质钢(锰硼钢MBW1500)构成并且在钢板模压淬火或调质后分别具有至少1500MPa的抗拉强度。多层钢板10的两个外部钢层11,12分别占据该多层钢板10的厚度的25％。
多层钢板10的内部钢层13具有比两个外部钢层11,12更小的抗拉强度和更高的韧性。内部钢层13也由锰硼钢(MBW500)构成，但在模压淬火或者调制后具有仅约500MPa的抗拉强度。
在图2b中以剖面图所示的多层钢板20同样具有包括两个外部钢层21,22和一个内部钢层23的三个钢层。两个外部钢层21,22由合金调质钢(锰硼钢MBW1900)构成并且在钢板模压淬火或者调制后分别具有至少1900MPa的抗拉强度。多层钢板20的两个外部钢层21,22分别占据低于多层钢板20厚度的25％。
多层钢板20的内部钢层23具有比两个外部钢层21,22更小的抗拉强度和更高的韧性。内部钢层23也由锰硼钢(MBW500)构成，但在模压淬火或者调制后具有仅约500MPa的抗拉强度。
与钢板10,20不同，在图2c中以剖面图所示的多层钢板30具有包括两个外部钢层31,32，一个内部钢层33和总共两个中间钢层34，35的五个钢层，其中在内部钢层33和外部钢层31,31中的一个之间分别安置有一个中间钢层。两个外部钢层31,32由合金调质钢(锰硼钢)构成并且在钢板模压淬火或者调制后分别具有至少2100MPa的抗拉强度。多层钢板30的两个外部钢层31,32分别占据低于多层钢板20厚度的25％。
多层钢板30的内部钢层33具有比两个外部钢层31,32以及中间钢层34，35更小的抗拉强度和更高的韧性。内部钢层33还是由锰硼钢(MBW500)构成，其在模压淬火或者调制后具有仅约500MPa的抗拉强度。
中间钢层34,35的抗拉强度为至少1500MPa，但小于外部钢层31,32的抗拉强度并且大于内部钢层33的抗拉强度。此外，中间钢层34,35的韧性大于外部钢层31,32的韧性，但小于内部钢层33的韧性。
多层钢板10,20,30例如可以通过热成型、半热成型或者冷成型获得在图1中所示的轮盘3或者轮辋带2的形状。热成型例如可与模压淬火相结合。尤其在进行冷成型时可在冷成型后例如进行单独的由淬火和回火组成的调质。

Claims (13)

1.用于车辆的底盘组件，
-其中所述底盘组件(1)至少部分由多层钢板(10,20,30)制成，
-其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)至少具有三个钢层，包括两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)和一个内部钢层(13,23,33)，并且
-其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)具有至少1200MPa的抗拉强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的底盘组件，其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)具有至少1500MPa的抗拉强度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的底盘组件，其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的内部钢层(13,23,33)具有比至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)更低的抗拉强度和/或更高的韧性。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)具有安置在外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)和内部钢层(13,23,33)之间的至少一个中间钢层(34,35)，
其中所述中间钢层(34,35)的抗拉强度比外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)的抗拉强度小，并且比内部钢层(13,23,33)的抗拉强度大，和/或其中所述中间钢层的韧性比外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)的韧性大并且比内部钢层(13,23,33)的韧性小。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中将所述多层钢板(10,20,30)淬火，尤其模压淬火或者调质。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的底盘组件，所述多层钢板(10,20,30)为热成型的、半热成型的或者冷成型的钢板。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)和/或内部钢层(13,23,33)由调质钢，尤其由锰硼钢构成。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)具有至少0.2重量％，优选至少0.25重量％，进一步优选至少0.3重量％的碳含量。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层，优选两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)分别占据所述多层钢板(10,20,30)厚度的至少5％和/或最高25％。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的底盘组件，其中所述底盘组件是车轮(1)或其一部分，尤其轮盘(3)和/或轮辋带(2)。
11.用于生产用于车辆的底盘组件，尤其根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的底盘组件，尤其车辆车轮(1)或其部件的方法，所述方法包括：
-提供多层钢板(10,20,30)，其中所述多层钢板具有包括两个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)和一个内部钢层(13,23,33)的至少三个钢层，其中所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)实现了大于1200MPa的抗拉强度；
-将所述多层钢板(10,20,30)成型为底盘组件(1)；并且
-为所述多层钢板(10,20,30)的至少一个外部钢层(11,12；21,22；31,32)调整得到大于1200MPa的抗拉强度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中成型是热成型、半热成型或者冷成型。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其中将所述多层钢板(10,20,30)淬火，尤其模压淬火或者调质，以调整抗拉强度。
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Application publication date: 20190402