EP3482448B1 - Organe de réglage de phase commandable pour ondes électromagnétiques - Google Patents

Organe de réglage de phase commandable pour ondes électromagnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3482448B1
EP3482448B1 EP17737506.0A EP17737506A EP3482448B1 EP 3482448 B1 EP3482448 B1 EP 3482448B1 EP 17737506 A EP17737506 A EP 17737506A EP 3482448 B1 EP3482448 B1 EP 3482448B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holder
phase control
control element
phase
polarizers
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Active
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EP17737506.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3482448A1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Oppenländer
Alexander Mössinger
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Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
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Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H01P1/172—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a dielectric element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a controllable phase actuator for electromagnetic waves, in particular for the GHz frequency range and in particular for antennas.
  • Controllable phase shifters are used in a variety of RF systems for signal processing.
  • An important field of application are antennas or antenna systems, where the main concern is the phase-coherent superimposition of signals.
  • the antenna pattern of stationary antenna groups can be spatially changed with the aid of controllable phase shifters.
  • the main beam swings in different directions.
  • the phase actuators change the relative phase position of the signals that are received or sent by different individual antennas of a group antenna. If the relative phase position of the signals of the individual antennas is set accordingly with the aid of the phase actuators, then the main beam of the antenna directional diagram of the group antenna points in the desired direction.
  • the phase control has that Task to always optimally align the main beam of the group antennas to a target during the spatial movement of the mobile carrier.
  • a moving target can be tracked using phase control.
  • phase actuators are mostly made up of non-linear solid bodies (“solid state phase shifters”), mostly ferrites, microswitches (MEMS technology, binary switches), or liquid crystals (“liquid crystals”).
  • solid state phase shifters mostly ferrites, microswitches (MEMS technology, binary switches), or liquid crystals (“liquid crystals”).
  • phase controlled array antennas using conventional phase actuators are very expensive. This prevents use, particularly for civil applications above 10 GHz.
  • Another problem is the requirements for the precise control of the antenna pattern of the group antennas. If the group antennas are used in directional radio applications with satellites, then there are strict requirements for the regulatory conformity of the antenna pattern. For each main beam direction, the diagram of the regulatory mask must obey in transmission mode. This can only be reliably ensured that at any time both the amplitude and the phase of each individual antenna element of the group antenna is known.
  • phase actuators allow reliable instantaneous, i.e. Immediate determination of the phase position of the signal after the phase actuator possible without additional calculation. For this it would be necessary to be able to reliably determine the state of the phase actuator at any time. However, this is practically not possible with solid-state, MEMS or liquid crystal phase shifters.
  • From the DE 37 41 501 C1 is known feed system for an antenna that can transmit different polarized waves.
  • the feed system uses a fixed 90 ° phase shifter and a movable 180 ° phase shifter so that the phase relationship of the two shafts can be adjusted to each other.
  • the EP 0 196 081 A2 shows a high-frequency coupler with several sequentially arranged phase shifters.
  • From the DE 39 20 563 A1 is a feed system for a parabolic antenna, which is mounted on a rotatable holder and contains a polarizer and a polarization switch.
  • the U.S. patent US 2,438,119 A discloses a phase converter for a linearly polarized wave by means of a plurality of webs in a cavity structure.
  • the JP S55 102901 A discloses the possibility of a phase shift of a high-frequency signal by means of a rotatable dielectric plate within a waveguide arrangement.
  • FIG. 2 The principle of operation of the invention is in Fig. 2 shown.
  • An incident wave (5a) with circular polarization and phase position ⁇ is transformed by the first polarizer (4a) into a wave with linear polarization (5b). These are converted back into a wave with circular polarization (5c) by the second polarizer (4b).
  • phase actuator (1) is now rotated by an angle ⁇ with the aid of the drive unit (2), then the polarization vector (5b) of the linear wave rotates between the two polarizers (4a) and (4b) in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Since the polarizers (4a) and (4b) also rotate, the circular shaft (5c), which is generated by the second polarizer (4b), now has a phase position of ⁇ + 2 ⁇ , as from Figure 2 can be seen.
  • the dependence of the phase angle difference between the outgoing (5c) and incoming (5b) circular wave on the rotation of the phase actuator (1) is strictly linear, continuous and strictly 2 ⁇ periodic.
  • any phase rotation or phase shift can be set continuously by the drive unit (2).
  • phase actuator (1) viewed electrodynamically, is advantageously a purely passive component that does not have to contain any nonlinear components, its function is completely reciprocal. This means that a shaft that runs through the phase actuator (1) from bottom to top is rotated in phase in the same way as a shaft that runs through the phase actuator (1) from top to bottom.
  • the wave impedance of the arrangement is also completely independent of the relative phase position of the incoming and outgoing wave, which is not the case with non-linear phase shifters such as semiconductor phase shifters or liquid crystal phase shifters. There the wave impedance depends on the relative phase position, which makes these components difficult to control.
  • the at least two polarizers (4a) and (4b) are preferably mounted perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the incident wave and parallel to one another in the holder (3).
  • the axis of rotation (6) is preferably in the direction of propagation of the incident wave.
  • the controllable phase control element works practically without loss, since the losses induced by the polarizers (4a, b) and the dielectric holder (3) are very small with a corresponding design. At frequencies of 20 GHz, for example, the total losses are less than 0.2 dB, which corresponds to an efficiency of more than 95%. Conventional phase shifters, on the other hand, typically already have losses of several dB at these frequencies.
  • the drive unit (2) is also equipped with an angular position encoder or if it already gives the angular position (as is the case with some piezomotors), then the phase position of the outgoing shaft (5c) can be instantly determined exactly at any time.
  • phase actuator (1) Because of the simple construction of the phase actuator (1) and the fact that only very simple drives (2) are required, the phase control can be implemented very inexpensively. Reproduction in large numbers is also easily possible.
  • Possible drive units (2) are, for example, both inexpensive electric motors, as well as piezomotors, or simple actuators which are constructed from electroactive materials.
  • the polarizers (4a, b) can consist, for example, of simple, flat meandering polarizers, which are applied to a carrier material, for example a high-frequency circuit board. Manufactured these polarizers can be made by known etching processes or by additive processes ("circuit printing").
  • the at least two polarizers (4a) and (4b) preferably have a shape symmetrical to the axis (5).
  • the in Fig. 3 The polarizer (4a, b) shown is designed as a meander polarizer. However, as is known to the person skilled in the art, there are also a large number of other possible embodiments of polarizers for electromagnetic waves which can transform a wave of circular polarization into a wave of linear polarization.
  • Dielectric materials such as e.g. closed-cell foams with low density, which have very low HF losses, but also plastic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) or polyimides are used. Because of the small size of the phase control element in the region of a wavelength, particularly at frequencies above 10 GHz, the RF losses remain very small here, with appropriate impedance matching.
  • FIG. 4 An antenna element (6) is shown schematically in an exemplary application, which is preceded by a phase control according to the invention.
  • the signal In transmission mode, the signal is fed into the waveguide section (2) via a coupling (31). The signal then happens Phase actuator (1) and is passed via the coupling (32) to the antenna element (6). With the help of the drive (2), which rotates the phase actuator (1) in the waveguide with the aid of the connecting element (33), the phase position of the signal emitted by the antenna element (6) can be set as desired.
  • phase control Since the phase control according to the invention is completely reciprocal due to its construction, the processing of a received signal takes place in the same way: the signal received by the antenna element (6) is fed into the waveguide with the aid of the coupling (31). The signal then passes through the phase actuator (1) and is coupled out of the waveguide with the coupling (32). The phase of the received signal can be set as desired using the drive (2).
  • a receiving amplifier can also be attached directly to the coupling (32), e.g. Compensate for network losses.
  • the connecting element (33) is designed as an axis and preferably consists of a non-metallic, dielectric material such as e.g. Plastic. This has the advantage that cylindrical cavity modes are not disturbed, or only very little, if the axis is mounted symmetrically in the waveguide.
  • the coupling structure (31) or the coupling structure (32) can be as in Fig. 4 shown as a loop, so that a cylindrical cavity mode is directly excited.
  • embodiments are also conceivable in which two signals are coupled in or out with orthogonal pins. The phase relationship of the two signals is then such that a cylindrical cavity mode is also excited.
  • the shape of the waveguide is preferably a hollow cylinder.
  • Another example for explaining the invention is in Fig. 5 shown schematically.
  • the phase actuator (1) consists of the two polarization plates (4a, 4b) and the holder (3) and is mounted in a cylindrical waveguide piece (50). The holder (3) is firmly connected to the waveguide piece (50).
  • the waveguide piece (50) is introduced into a further cylindrical waveguide (51) in such a way that the waveguide piece (50) in which the phase actuator (1) is located can rotate freely about the waveguide axis (52).
  • a drive unit (2) has a roller (53) so that the waveguide section (50) and thus also the phase actuator (1) can be rotated by the drive unit (2).
  • this waveguide mode is impressed with a phase angle which is linearly dependent on the angular position of the phase actuator.
  • the holder (3) is designed as a dielectric filler, which completely fills the waveguide section (50) and in which the polarizers (4a, 4b) are embedded.
  • the waveguide section (50) is equipped with an outer ring gear (54) so that the drive unit (2) can rotate the waveguide section (50) together with the phase actuator (1) via the gear coupling (55).
  • the polarizers (4a, 4b) are designed here as two pairs. This can have the advantage of higher polarization decoupling and / or have a larger frequency bandwidth.
  • the polarizers of a pair are at a distance from each other that is significantly smaller than a wavelength.
  • the two pairs are spaced from each other by approximately half the wavelength in order to reduce coupling of the two polarizers.
  • the holder is designed as a dielectric filler that completely fills a waveguide piece, then it is also conceivable to metallize the dielectric filler on its outside, where it contacts the waveguide piece (50). This is advantageous if the component is to be very light, because then the waveguide section (50) can be omitted.
  • Embodiments are also conceivable in which the conversion of the signal polarization is not carried out by plane polarizers or polarization plates, but e.g. by means of structures distributed spatially in the holder (e.g. septum polaristors). For the function of the invention it is only important that these structures can first transform an incident wave with circular polarization into a wave with linear polarization and then transform it back into a wave with circular polarization.
  • the in the Figures 4 , 5 and 6 can typically be easily integrated into the feed networks of group antennas due to their small space requirement.
  • the dimensions are typically in the range of less than one wavelength, ie approx. 1cm x 1cm. If the holder (3) is designed as a dielectric filler and the dielectric constant is chosen to be correspondingly large, then much smaller construction volumes can also be achieved. The ohmic losses then increase slightly, but are still only in the percentage range.
  • the weight of the controllable phase actuator is also typically very small. If the polarizers are made using thin-film technology on thin HF substrates and the holder is made of closed-cell foam, the weight of the phase actuator is typically only a few grams. Therefore, only very small and light actuators, such as micro-electric motors, are required for the drive unit. The weight of such micro-electric motors is also in the gram range. The weight of an individual phase control, in particular in the frequency range above 10 GHz, is then typically only a few grams.
  • phase controls according to the invention.
  • the heat input from the phase actuators is negligible due to the very low ohmic losses. If electric motors are used as drive units, their efficiency is typically> 95%, so that the drive units also produce practically no heat input. In addition, the power consumption of micro motors, for example, is only in the mW range.
  • the holder (3) is designed here as a star-shaped filler body with a cylindrical outer contour.
  • four slots are provided for the pairs of polarizers (4a, 4b) and a central bore for the axis (56).
  • the advantage lies in the simple manufacture.
  • the polarizers (4a, 4b) can be glued directly into the slots of the holder (3), which results in a phase actuator (1) according to the invention without further process steps.
  • the axis (56) can also be glued directly into a hole in the holder (3) and connected to the drive unit (2).
  • the axis (56) is directly the axis of an electric motor, which thus directly establishes the required connection with the phase actuator (1) and can therefore meet all functional requirements.
  • FIG. 8 A further development of the invention for the direct processing of signals with linear polarization is in Fig. 8 shown.
  • the further development provides that at least one further polarizer (41), which can transform signals with linear polarization into signals with circular polarization, is attached in front of the phase actuator (1), and at least one further polarizer (42) is attached after the phase actuator (1) is which signals of circular polarization can transform into signals of linear polarization.
  • the phase actuator (1) also consists of the holder (3) and the polarizers (4) and has a drive unit (2) which is designed in this way and is connected to the phase actuator (1) or the holder (3) in this way that the holder (3) or the phase actuator (1) can be rotated.
  • FIG. 9 An incident wave of linear polarization (7a) with phase position ⁇ is transformed into a signal with circular polarization (7b) by the polarizer (41) attached in front of the phase actuator (1).
  • the wave with circular polarization (7b) then falls on the rotatable phase actuator (1) and is transformed by the polarizer (4a) into a wave of linear polarization (7c). If the phase actuator is rotated, then the field vector (or the E and H field vectors) rotates according to the linear polarization (7c) in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
  • the signal of linear polarization rotated in this way is then transformed by the polarizer (4b) into a signal of circular polarization (7d), the phase position of which now depends in a linear manner on the rotation of the phase actuator. If the phase actuator is rotated by an angle ⁇ , then the circular shaft (7d) has the phase position ⁇ + 2 ⁇ . The double change 2 ⁇ is caused by the rotation of the polarizers (4a) and (4b). The signal of circular polarization (7d) with phase angle ⁇ + 2 ⁇ is finally transformed back by the polarizer (42) into a signal with linear polarization (7e), which then also has the phase position ⁇ + 2 ⁇ .
  • the position of the vector of the linear polarization of the wave (7e) relative to the position of the polarization vector of the incident wave (7a) in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation depends on the relative orientation of the two polarizers (5) and (6). If these are oriented the same, then the polarization vectors of the waves (7a) and (7e) are the same. If, on the other hand, the polarizers (5) and (6) are oriented differently, then the polarization vectors of the waves (7a) and (7e) an angle determined by the relative orientation of the polarizers (41) and (42).
  • the polarizer (41) is designed to be rotatable with its own drive unit, the polarizer (42) is not designed to be rotatable, and if the polarizer (41) can be rotated independently of the phase actuator (1), then the polarizer (41) can rotate the linear polarization ( 7a) follow the incident wave.
  • a phase-controlled group antenna with 4 antenna elements is shown as an example, which contains controllable phase actuators in its feed network (10).
  • the signals from all four antenna elements are brought together via the feed network (10).
  • the drives of the individual phase controls are controlled e.g. by a microprocessor (11). If the phase controls are now set with the help of the microprocessor (11) so that there is a constant relative phase difference ⁇ between the signals of the individual elements, then the main beam of the array antenna points in a specific direction which is dependent on the phase difference ⁇ .
  • the antenna diagram of the group antenna is in every state of the group antenna (i.e. also to any one Time) determined completely deterministically.
  • the corresponding antenna pattern can be calculated very precisely with relatively low computing power using a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT).
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) pour ondes électromagnétiques, destiné à une structure d'alimentation d'une antenne, comprenant une unité d'entraînement (2),
    un support (3) pourvu d'un élément de liaison (33) pouvant tourner sur un axe, et le support (3) étant placé dans un guide d'ondes cylindrique de l'organe de réglage de phase réglable (1), et
    au moins deux polariseurs en méandre (4), les polariseurs en méandre (4) étant placés sur le support (3) et chaque polariseur en méandre (4) étant conçu pour convertir un signal à polarisation circulaire en un signal à polarisation linéaire, et
    l'unité d'entraînement (2) est reliée au support (3) au moyen de l'élément de liaison rotatif (33) de telle sorte que les polariseurs en méandre (4) sont rotatifs, le support (3) étant relié solidement au guide d'ondes et le guide d'ondes étant rotatif et relié à l'unité d'entraînement (2) située à l'extérieur du guide d'ondes de telle sorte que l'unité d'entraînement fait tourner le guide d'ondes et le support (3) interne.
  2. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les polariseurs en méandre (4) sont placés sur le support (3) perpendiculairement à la direction de propagation d'une onde incidente et en parallèle les uns aux autres.
  3. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les polariseurs en méandre (4) et/ou le support (3) présentent une forme à symétrie de rotation par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'élément de liaison rotatif (33) du support (3).
  4. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le support (3) est composé d'une matière plastique et/ou d'une mousse expansée.
  5. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité d'entraînement (2) comprend un moteur électrique ou un moteur piézoélectrique ou un actionneur, l'actionneur comprenant des matériaux électro-actifs.
  6. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un indicateur d'angle qui détermine la position angulaire du support (3).
  7. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les polariseurs en méandre (4) se composent respectivement d'au moins une paire de polariseurs (4a, 4b) disposés en parallèle l'un à l'autre, la distance des polariseurs en méandre (4) étant inférieure à la longueur d'onde À.
  8. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la distance des polariseurs en méandre (4) correspond à la moitié de la longueur d'onde À.
  9. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le support (3) est un corps de remplissage diélectrique métallisé sur ses faces extérieures.
  10. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) pour ondes électromagnétiques selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant deux polariseurs (41, 42) supplémentaires qui sont placés dans la direction de propagation d'une onde incidente devant ou derrière les polariseurs en méandre (4), et chacun des polariseurs (41, 42) supplémentaires est conçu de telle sorte qu'il peut convertir un signal à polarisation circulaire en un signal à polarisation linéaire.
  11. Organe de réglage de phase réglable (1) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel au moins l'un des polariseurs (41, 42) supplémentaires est configuré de manière rotative et dispose d'une unité d'entraînement qui peut être amenée à tourner indépendamment du support (3).
EP17737506.0A 2016-07-08 2017-06-27 Organe de réglage de phase commandable pour ondes électromagnétiques Active EP3482448B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016112583.0A DE102016112583A1 (de) 2016-07-08 2016-07-08 Steuerbares Phasenstellglied für elektromagnetische Wellen
PCT/EP2017/065890 WO2018007212A1 (fr) 2016-07-08 2017-06-27 Organe de réglage de phase commandable pour ondes électromagnétiques

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EP3482448A1 EP3482448A1 (fr) 2019-05-15
EP3482448B1 true EP3482448B1 (fr) 2020-08-05

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US (1) US10868349B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3482448B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109417210B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016112583A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2824513T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL264101B (fr)
WO (1) WO2018007212A1 (fr)

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DE102017112552A1 (de) 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Antenne mit mehreren einzelstrahlern

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US2438119A (en) * 1942-11-03 1948-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave transmission
NL72696C (fr) * 1945-04-26
JPS5927522B2 (ja) * 1979-01-30 1984-07-06 日本高周波株式会社 回転形移相器
IT1181958B (it) * 1985-03-27 1987-09-30 Selenia Spazio Spa Dispositivo per la combinazione senza perdite della potenza rf di due o piu' trasmettitori a microonde funzionanti in parallelo e con qualsiasi rapporto di potenza
JPH01126803A (ja) 1987-11-12 1989-05-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ホーンアンテナ装置
DE3741501C1 (de) * 1987-12-08 1989-02-02 Kathrein Werke Kg Erreger- bzw. Speisesystem fuer eine Parabolantenne
DE3920563A1 (de) * 1989-06-23 1991-01-10 Mueller Heinz Juergen Dipl Ing Erreger- bzw. speisesystem fuer eine parabolantenne
JP3343408B2 (ja) 1993-08-24 2002-11-11 株式会社トキメック 円偏波アンテナ
US6166610A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-12-26 Hughes Electronics Corporation Integrated reconfigurable polarizer
US20050046511A1 (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-03 Spx Corporation Switchless combining system and method
DE102010014916B4 (de) * 2010-04-14 2012-10-31 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne
CN102938497B (zh) * 2012-11-20 2014-12-17 北京遥测技术研究所 一种四频多极化共口径馈源

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US20200112074A1 (en) 2020-04-09
IL264101B (en) 2022-06-01
US10868349B2 (en) 2020-12-15
CN109417210A (zh) 2019-03-01
DE102016112583A1 (de) 2018-01-11
IL264101A (en) 2019-01-31
EP3482448A1 (fr) 2019-05-15
CN109417210B (zh) 2021-07-06
ES2824513T3 (es) 2021-05-12
WO2018007212A1 (fr) 2018-01-11

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