EP3478878A1 - Agencement et procédé pour l'électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents

Agencement et procédé pour l'électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone

Info

Publication number
EP3478878A1
EP3478878A1 EP17725221.0A EP17725221A EP3478878A1 EP 3478878 A1 EP3478878 A1 EP 3478878A1 EP 17725221 A EP17725221 A EP 17725221A EP 3478878 A1 EP3478878 A1 EP 3478878A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
cathode
carbon dioxide
arrangement
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17725221.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3478878B1 (fr
Inventor
Philippe Jeanty
Erhard Magori
Christian Scherer
Angelika Tawil
Kerstin Wiesner-Fleischer
Oliver von Sicard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL17725221T priority Critical patent/PL3478878T3/pl
Publication of EP3478878A1 publication Critical patent/EP3478878A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3478878B1 publication Critical patent/EP3478878B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
    • C25B11/032—Gas diffusion electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded

Definitions

  • Apparatus and method for carbon dioxide electrolysis the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the carbon dioxide electrolysis according to the preamble of An ⁇ demanding. 1
  • This complex process is very difficult to reproduce on an industrial scale.
  • a currently technically feasible way is the electrochemical reduction of C02 dar.
  • the carbon dioxide is converted with the supply of electrical energy in a higher energy product such as CO, CH4, C2H4 or C 1 -C 4 alcohols.
  • the electrical energy is preferably derived from renewable energy sources such as wind power or photovoltaics.
  • metals are used as catalysts Kata ⁇ .
  • the type of metal influences the products of electrolysis. For example, CO 2 is reduced almost exclusively to CO, for example on Ag, Au, Zn, and with restrictions on Pd, Ga, whereas copper has a large number of hydrocarbons as reduction products. care is.
  • pure metals and metal alloys and mixtures of metal and metal oxide which is catalytically effective co-, of interest because they may increase the Selekti ⁇ tivity of a specific hydrocarbon.
  • a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) are used as the cathode, similar to the chlor-alkali electrolysis to Zvi ⁇ rule the liquid electrolyte, the gaseous C02 and the solid silver particles to produce a three-phase boundary.
  • GDE gas diffusion electrode
  • an electrolytic cell as known also from the fuel cell technology, used with two electrolyte compartments, the Elect ⁇ rolythuntn are separated by an ion exchange membrane.
  • the working electrode is a porous gas diffusion electrode. It comprises a metal net on which a mixture of PTFE, activated carbon, a catalyst and other components is applied. It includes a pore system into which the
  • the counter electrode is a sheet applied with platinum or an iridium mixed oxide.
  • the GDE is in contact with the electrolyte on one side. On the other hand, it is supplied with C02, which is forced through the GDE with overpressure (so-called convective mode of operation).
  • the GDE can while holding various metals and metal compounds ent ⁇ that have a catalytic effect on the process.
  • the functioning of a GDE is known, for example, from EP 297377 A2, EP 2444526 A2 and EP 2410079 A2.
  • the resulting product is gaseous and not liquid at the Koh ⁇ dioxide electrolysis. Furthermore, with the from the electrolyte ent ⁇ standing alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide used the C02 forming salts.
  • the electrolyte KOH the electrolyte KOH and there are the salts of KHC03 and K2C03. by virtue of The operating conditions lead to a crystallization of the salts in and on the GDE from the gas side.
  • a stable long-term operation of the gas diffusion electrode in the range of more than 1000 h is not possible in the C02 electrolysis, since the resulting salt clogs the pores of the GDE and thus this gas-impermeable. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved arrangement for the carbon dioxide electrolysis and a method for operating an arrangement for the carbon dioxide electrolysis, with the stable long-term operation while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages is made possible.
  • the arrangement according to the invention for the carbon dioxide electrolysis comprises an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode and cathode are connected to a voltage ⁇ supply, wherein the cathode is designed as Gasdiffusi ⁇ onselektrode to which on a first side of a gas space and A second side is followed by a cathode space, an electrolyte circuit connected to the electrolytic cell and a gas feed for feeding carbon dioxide-containing gas into the gas space.
  • the gas space has an outlet for electrolyte, carbon dioxide and product gases of the electrolysis, the outlet is connected via a return connection to the gas supply and there is a pumping device for circulating carbon dioxide and product gas in the circuit formed from the gas space and the return compound is.
  • an arrangement for the carbon dioxide electrolysis ⁇ cell with an anode and a cathode is used, anode and cathode connected to a power supply, used as a cathode gas diffusion electrode, to which on a first side a gas space and on a second side of a cathode compartment connects.
  • carbon dioxide-containing gas is passed by means of a gas supply into the gas space.
  • an outlet for electrolyte, Kohlendio ⁇ hydroxide and product gases of electrolysis is provided which is connected from ⁇ let to the gas supply to a circuit and the carbon dioxide and product gases by means of a Pumpvorrich- processing performed in the circuit.
  • the volume flow of the pump is significantly greater than the feed gas volume flow, ie the volume flow of new Carbon dioxide.
  • a Besse ⁇ rer removal of the overflow from the headspace is due to the higher gas flow rate.
  • the pump device may be arranged in the gas space.
  • the pumping device can be arranged at the entrance to the gas space into which the gas feed opens or in the region of the outlet.
  • the pump device may be, for example, a diaphragm pump, which is advantageously resistant to chemicals.
  • Other pump types are also possible, such as gear, piston, stroke or peristaltic pumps.
  • the volume flow of the pumping device can be, for example, 2 l / min to 5 l / min. He should be at least the Zehnfa ⁇ che the flow rate of the incoming carbon dioxide.
  • the pumping device may alternatively be arranged in the return connection. In other words, the pumping device is arranged outside the gas space.
  • the outlet is preferably in the gas space on the bottom angeord ⁇ net.
  • the outlet is expediently connected to an overflow tank.
  • the outlet and a possibly subsequent pipe carry electrolyte and carbon dioxide and product gases.
  • electrolyte and carbon dioxide and product gases For the further work of the electrolytic cell gases and electrolyte must be shared ⁇ , which happens by the introduction into the overflow tank.
  • the electrolyte collects and in the area above the electrolyte, the carbon dioxide and, if necessary, product gases.
  • Appropriately includes the gearver ⁇ bond to the gas supply in the upper region of the overflow tank, so that the carbon dioxide is recycled without electrolyte can be.
  • the leadership of electrolyte to the overflow tank is preferably gravity driven.
  • the overflow tank can be constructed separately from the gas space and connected for example via a pipe connection.
  • the overflow tank can also be integrated in the gas space.
  • the overflow container can be connected to the electrolyte circuit via a throttle, the throttle being designed to effect a definable pressure difference between the gas space and the cathode space.
  • the pressure difference should not be dependent on whether gas, electrolyte or a mixture thereof passes through the throttle. As a result, the pressure difference is kept within a predetermined range.
  • the throttle may be arranged, for example, at a medium height in the overflow container. As soon as the liquid level reaches this mitt ⁇ sized height in the overflow container the electrolyte is transported through the choke off. The liquid level in the overflow tank is thus kept constant at the middle level.
  • the throttle may comprise an arranged at an angle of between 0 ° and 80 ° to the vertical pipe.
  • the throttle comprises a vertical tube.
  • the tube preferably has a length of between 60 cm and 140 cm, in particular between 90 cm and 110 cm.
  • the tube can be arranged rotatably. This allows you to change the absolute height that bridges the pipe. Since ⁇ by turn, caused the pipe pressure difference is changed. Thus, therefore, a desired pressure difference between gas space and cathode space can be achieved by a rotation of the Adjust tube.
  • the maximum pressure difference exists when the pipe is vertical.
  • the pipe rotates ⁇ ge into the horizontal, is the pressure difference close to zero.
  • a first pressure sensor may be present in the gas space. This is a pressure signal, for example, to a control ⁇ device for controlling the shut-off device.
  • a second pressure sensor may be arranged in the cathode compartment. This can also give a pressure signal to the controller. From the two pressure signals, the controller can determine the pressure difference.
  • a differential pressure sensor for gas space and cathode space may be present. This directly gives a signal for the pressure difference to a control device.
  • the pressure difference between the gas space and the cathode space is preferably maintained between 10 and 100 hPa. This slight increase in pressure on the gas side still allows a sufficiently good passage of the electrolyte through the gas diffusion electrode, so washes the salts well, and at the same time displaces the three-phase boundary slightly into the gas diffusion electrode. Thus, a modified flow-by operation is used in which the educt gas is easily pressed into the gas diffusion electrode. Thus, the yield of Pro ⁇ duktgas, such as carbon monoxide increases.
  • the gas space may include turbulence promoters.
  • the electrolysis takes place in flow-by mode, ie the carbon dioxide is conducted past the gas diffusion electrode and not pressed through it. Without additional equipment bil ⁇ det thus a laminar flow from where on the surface of the gas diffusion electrode, the gas velocity is very low.
  • the gas space is therefore advantageously transformed so that the inflowing gas is swirled and thus the flow film on the surface of the cathode tears off. Since ⁇ through it comes to a better penetration of the carbon dioxide in the gas diffusion electrode and thus to a better Yield of product gas, for example CO.
  • Turbulenzpromoto ⁇ ren may for example comprise: flow channel Strö ⁇ mung breaker, reduction of the cross section.
  • the turbulence promoters may be designed so that an air gap of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm remains between them and the surface of the cathode. This advantageously ensures that the turbulence promoters are not wetted by the electrolyte passing through the gas diffusion electrode and held there. This in turn would lead to a reduced flow of carbon dioxide and severely damage the overall efficiency of the electrolysis .
  • the air gap creates a distance of the turbulence promoters from the surface of the gas diffusion electrode, so that the electrolyte can drain and collect on the bottom side in the gas space.
  • the turbulence promoters may have flow channels, by means of which the electrolyte is guided to the edge of the gas space.
  • a preferred, but by no means limitative exporting ⁇ approximately example of the invention will now be further explained with reference to the figure of the drawing. The characteristics are shown specific ⁇ matically.
  • the structure illustrated schematically in Figure 1 an electrical ⁇ lysezelle 11 is typically adapted to carry out a carbon dioxide ⁇ electrolysis.
  • the off ⁇ guide shape of the electrolytic cell 11 comprises at least one anode 13 with adjoining anode compartment 12 and a cathode 15 and cathode chamber 14.
  • the membrane 21 is typically made of a PTFE-based material. Depending on the electrolyte solution used too a structure without membrane 21 is conceivable in which then a pH compensation over the membrane 21 goes beyond.
  • Anode 13 and cathode 15 are electrically connected to a voltage supply 22, which is controlled by the control unit 23.
  • the control unit 23 can apply a protective voltage or an operating voltage to the electrodes 13, 15, that is to say the anode 13 and the cathode 15.
  • the anode compartment 12 of the electrolysis cell 11 shown is equipped with an electrolyte inlet.
  • the illustrated Ano ⁇ denraum 12 includes an outlet for electrolyte and, for example, oxygen O 2 or other gaseous by-product, which is gebil ⁇ det in the carbon dioxide electrolysis at the anode 13.
  • the cathode compartment 14 likewise has at least one product and electrolyte outlet in each case.
  • the overall including electrolysis product may be composed of a plurality of electrolysis ⁇ products.
  • the electrolytic cell 11 is further designed in a three-chamber structure, in which the carbon dioxide CO 2 is flowed through the cathode 15 designed as a gas diffusion electrode in the Katho ⁇ denraum 14.
  • Gas diffusion electrodes make it possible to bring a solid catalyst, a liquid electrolyte and a gaseous electrolysis product into contact with each other.
  • the catalyst can be made porous and take over the electrode function, or a porous electrode takes over the catalyst function.
  • the pore system of the electrode is performed so that the liquid and the gaseous phase can penetrate into the pore system and is alike or can simultaneously vorlie ⁇ gene at its electrically zurucer surface.
  • An example of a gas diffusion electrode is an oxygen-consuming electrode used in chloralkali electrolysis.
  • the Ka ⁇ Thode 15 in this example comprises a metal mesh on which a deposited Mi ⁇ research made of PTFE, active carbon and a catalyst is.
  • a deposited Mi ⁇ research made of PTFE, active carbon and a catalyst is.
  • Catholyte includes the electrolytic cell 11 is a Koh ⁇ lenstoffdioxideinlass 24 16 into the gas space, the carbon dioxide reaches the gas chamber 16, the cathode 15 and may there penetrate into the porous structure of the cathode 15 and arrive to the reaction.
  • the arrangement 10 comprises an electrolyte circuit 20, via which the anode space 12 and the cathode space 14 are filled with a liquid electrolyte, for example K 2 SO 4, KHCO 3, KOH,
  • the gas chamber 16 includes in the present example, an outlet 25 which is arranged in the bottom region.
  • the outlet 25 is designed as an opening of sufficient cross-section so that both electrolyte passing through the cathode 15 and carbon dioxide and product gases can pass through the outlet into the attached pipe.
  • the outlet 25 leads to an overflow vessel 26. In the overflow vessel 26, the liquid
  • Electrolyte collected and collected Carbon dioxide and product gases, which come from the gas space 16, are separated from the electrolyte ⁇ electrolyte and collect above it.
  • a pump 27 in this embodiment a diaphragm pump, and further to the gas supply 17.
  • the pump 27 may also be a piston, lift, extruder or gear pump.
  • the pump 27 are performed before the carbon dioxide and ⁇ handene product gases from the overflow vessel 26 back into the gas feed guide and thus the gas is passed in partial circle.
  • the volume flow of the pump 27 is significantly higher than the volume flow of new carbon dioxide. Feedstock gas that is not consumed, is thereby beneficial again at the Passed cathode 15 and has another or several times ⁇ the opportunity to be reduced. Product gases are sometimes also circulated. By passing the carbon dioxide past the cathode 15 several times, the efficiency of the conversion is increased.
  • the overflow vessel 26 From the overflow vessel 26 there is a further connection, which leads back to the electrolyte circuit 20.
  • This connection begins with an outlet 29 disposed on a side wall of the overflow vessel 26, preferably near the bottom but not in the bottom.
  • the outlet 29 is connected to a throttle 30, which is designed as a vertical piece of pipe with a length of example ⁇ 90 cm.
  • the diameter of the pipe section is significantly greater than that of the supply lines to the throttle 30.
  • the supply line has, for example, an inner diameter ⁇ 4mm, the tube has an inner diameter of 20mm.
  • the throttle 30 is the output side, ie connected at the upper end of the pipe section with the electrolyte circuit 20.
  • the accumulating electrolyte thereby causes a

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Agencement pour l'électrolyse du dioxyde de carbone, comprenant : une cellule électrolytique pourvue d'une anode et d'une cathode, l'anode et la cathode étant connectées par une alimentation électrique, la cathode étant conçue en tant qu'électrode de diffusion gazeuse à laquelle est raccordé, d'un premier côté, un compartiment gazeux et, d'un deuxième côté, un compartiment cathodique, - un circuit électrolytique adjacent à la cellule électrolytique, - une alimentation en gaz servant à acheminer un gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone dans le compartiment gazeux. Cet agencement est caractérisé en ce que : le compartiment gazeux présente une sortie pour l'électrolyte, le dioxyde de carbone et les produits gazeux de l'électrolyse, - la sortie est raccordée à l'alimentation en gaz par l'intermédiaire d'un raccordement de retour, - un dispositif de pompage sert à faire circuler le dioxyde de carbone et le produit gazeux dans le circuit formé par le compartiment gazeux et le raccordement de retour.
EP17725221.0A 2016-06-30 2017-05-18 Agencement et procédé pour l'électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone Active EP3478878B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17725221T PL3478878T3 (pl) 2016-06-30 2017-05-18 Układ i sposób do elektrolizy dwutlenku węgla

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016211822.6A DE102016211822A1 (de) 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 Anordnung und Verfahren für die Kohlendioxid-Elektrolyse
PCT/EP2017/061929 WO2018001638A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2017-05-18 Agencement et procédé pour l'électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3478878A1 true EP3478878A1 (fr) 2019-05-08
EP3478878B1 EP3478878B1 (fr) 2021-08-18

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17725221.0A Active EP3478878B1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2017-05-18 Agencement et procédé pour l'électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US10907261B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3478878B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109415831B (fr)
AU (1) AU2017291063B2 (fr)
CL (1) CL2018003722A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016211822A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3478878T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2897980T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3478878T3 (fr)
SA (1) SA518400650B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018001638A1 (fr)

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DE102016211822A1 (de) 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung und Verfahren für die Kohlendioxid-Elektrolyse
SG11202104626YA (en) * 2018-11-26 2021-06-29 Agency Science Tech & Res An electrochemical reactor system comprising stackable reaction vessels
JP7273346B2 (ja) * 2019-12-11 2023-05-15 日本電信電話株式会社 二酸化炭素の気相還元方法
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WO2022013583A1 (fr) * 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 Szegedi Tudományegyetem Procédé et système pour améliorer et maintenir les performances d'électrolyseur d'électrolyseurs de dioxyde de carbone
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WO2022226589A1 (fr) * 2021-04-28 2022-11-03 University Of Wollongong Capture électrochimique de dioxyde de carbone et production de minéral de carbonate

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016211822A1 (de) 2018-01-04
CL2018003722A1 (es) 2019-02-15
BR112018076396A8 (pt) 2023-03-07
CN109415831B (zh) 2021-04-23
SA518400650B1 (ar) 2022-01-13
US20190256988A1 (en) 2019-08-22
EP3478878B1 (fr) 2021-08-18
CN109415831A (zh) 2019-03-01
BR112018076396A2 (pt) 2019-03-26
WO2018001638A1 (fr) 2018-01-04
DK3478878T3 (da) 2021-10-25
ES2897980T3 (es) 2022-03-03
AU2017291063B2 (en) 2019-09-19
PL3478878T3 (pl) 2022-01-17
AU2017291063A1 (en) 2018-12-13
US10907261B2 (en) 2021-02-02

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