EP3478445A1 - Procédé de soudage de pièces structurales - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage de pièces structurales

Info

Publication number
EP3478445A1
EP3478445A1 EP17731145.3A EP17731145A EP3478445A1 EP 3478445 A1 EP3478445 A1 EP 3478445A1 EP 17731145 A EP17731145 A EP 17731145A EP 3478445 A1 EP3478445 A1 EP 3478445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
welding
component
components
generated
laser beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17731145.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johann Niekerk
Alexander Grimm
Maik Hammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3478445A1 publication Critical patent/EP3478445A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/22—Spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/242—Fillet welding, i.e. involving a weld of substantially triangular cross section joining two parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/322—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving coated metal parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/06—Cast-iron alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for welding components according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a laser beam is usually moved with a continuous feed movement relative to the two components to be welded together, which leads to the melting and merging of the materials of the two components. Due to its feed motion, the laser beam “pulls" a "melt train" of several millimeters (eg 10 mm) behind it, ie. H. in a range of several millimeters behind the current position of the laser beam, the material is still liquid.
  • the zinc layer evaporates already at about 960 ° Celsius and then escapes into the environment in vapor form or deposits in the molten metal material underneath, which can lead to porosities.
  • to be welded sheets evaporating zinc from the contact area of the sheets can not easily escape into the environment, resulting in the storage of larger quantities of zinc in the can lead to molten metal and in consequence to undesirably strong porosities, holes or possibly to ejection and splashes.
  • Laser beam welding has so far been used for reasons of quality only in “dry areas” but not in components or in component areas that are exposed to a high degree moisture or water spray, since the risk of corrosion has been considered as too high.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a laser welding process, which leads to high-quality welded joints and which is also suitable for use in vehicle body construction.
  • the starting point of the invention is a method for welding a first component and a second component.
  • the provided components are first placed against each other and then welded together by means of a laser beam.
  • the welding is pulsed, d. H.
  • the laser beam is repeatedly turned on and off, producing a variety of welding pulses.
  • the individual welding pulses are interrupted in each case by sweat-free pause intervals in which the laser beam is switched off.
  • a local welding area is generated by each welding pulse, is melted in the material of the two components locally limited and merged.
  • welding area is to be understood as meaning a relatively small area, for example “point-shaped” or circular-area-like area, it being understood that other geometries are also conceivable.
  • Such a weld area can be of the order of magnitude eg in one (Diameter) range between a few microns and a few millimeters are (for example, up to 3 or 4 or 5 mm).
  • An essential idea of the invention is that individual ones of the welding areas generated by the welding impulses overlap. In this way, a coherent weld seam can be built up from a large number of overlapping weld areas.
  • the laser beam In contrast to conventional laser welding methods, in which the laser beam is moved at a certain feed rate relative to the components to be welded, it can be provided according to the invention that the laser beam remains stationary during the individual welding pulses relative to the two components.
  • a currently generated weld area can be permanently irradiated with laser light during the welding pulse, in particular permanently permanently or over the entire surface. If no relative movement of the laser beam with respect to the components takes place during welding, in contrast to the prior art, there is no retraction of a welding train.
  • the laser beam is positioned so that a currently generated weld area with an already generated or welded welding area overlaps like a scale or a seam.
  • a currently generated welding area which overlaps with an already produced welding area is only generated or melted when the already generated welding area which is to be partially overlapped by the welding area to be generated is already solidified again or largely solidified.
  • welding areas are generated sequentially one after the other and in an order such that the welding areas produced immediately one after the other overlap in an imbricated manner.
  • a currently generated weld area overlaps with a weld area created just before the last pause interval.
  • weld areas similar to a string of pearls are sequentially generated sequentially.
  • a currently generated weld area can be spaced from a weld area created just prior to the last pause interval.
  • the currently generated weld area is thus free of overlap in relation to the weld area created immediately before the last break interval.
  • the local heat input or the local temperature rise in the components to be welded together can be further minimized.
  • the individual weld areas of the weld are set not one to the preceding, but in a different order.
  • the pulse durations of the plurality of welding pulses can, for. B.
  • the pulse durations of the plurality of welding pulses are in a range between 1, 0 ms and 20 ms or 1, 0 ms and 10 ms. With such pulse durations a very local melting is possible at comparatively low total heat input into the component.
  • the pulse durations of the plurality of welding pulses can each be the same length. But this does not have to be this way.
  • the pulse durations of the plurality of welding pulses can also be of different lengths. For example, it can be useful to work with a longer welding pulse duration in areas where the components to be welded together have a larger component thickness than in component areas in which the component thicknesses are smaller.
  • the power density of the laser beam used for the invention may for example be in the range between 10 4 watt / cm 2 and 10 10 watt / cm 2 . It can be provided that the power density of the plurality of welding pulses is the same or different sizes. By analogy with the length of the pulse durations, provision can be made, for example, for "weld spots" to be larger in regions in which the components to be welded together have a greater component thickness than in other regions.
  • the power density of the welding pulse is changed, e.g. by
  • a laser beam which has a beam diameter or a beam width which lies in the range between 40 ⁇ m and 4 mm. Even with this parameter, it can be provided that the beam diameter or the beam width of the laser beam is the same or different in the case of the multiplicity of welding pulses. Depending on the application, it may be desirable to produce a weld having a substantially equal weld width or a different weld width over its entire length, which may be adjusted by varying the beam diameter or beam width of the laser beam.
  • cross section of the laser beam z. B be worked with a laser beam having a circular beam cross-section. But this does not necessarily have to be the case. In principle, other cross-sectional shapes, such. B. a laser beam with a rectangular or oval beam cross-section.
  • metal components in particular sheet metal components, such as those used in vehicle body construction, are welded together.
  • the inventive method is not limited to metal components, but it can in principle be used for welding plastic components, in particular of components made of thermoplastic material.
  • the inventive method is also well suited for welding components in which at least one of the components is partially or completely coated with a coating, as is the case for example with galvanized steel sheets.
  • a component is used with a coating whose melting or evaporation temperature is lower than the melting or evaporation temperature of the component material to which the coating is applied. This is the case, for example, with galvanized steel sheets, where the zinc coating evaporates at temperatures of around 960 ° Celsius.
  • the inventive method is not only suitable for welding conventional steel or aluminum sheets, but in particular for welding stainless steel sheet components.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to weld a steel or aluminum component to a cast component.
  • a steel or aluminum bush or a steel or aluminum bolt can be welded to a cast component or welded into a recess of a cast component by the method according to the invention.
  • aluminum is mentioned, including “aluminum alloys” includes.
  • the method according to the invention is also outstandingly suitable for welding balls, in particular steel or aluminum balls, or balls made of another material (for example of a thermoplastic material) or other elements (eg T-bolts, other types of bolts or the like) onto components. Due to the large number of weld areas, a weld seam extending around the ball can be produced in a contact area of the ball on a component.
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for welding components whose thickness is in the welding range between 0.3mm and 5mm, in particular in a range between 0.3mm and 3mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows the welding of a ball onto a sheet-metal component
  • Figure 3 shows the sequential production of a weld from a plurality of weld areas
  • Figure 4 is a diagram which describes the laser power over time
  • Figure 1 shows two adjacent plates 1, 2, wherein the thickness of the sheet 1 si and the thickness of the sheet 2 is S2, si or S2 can, for. B. in the range between 0.3mm and 3mm.
  • the two sheets 1, 2 were already welded together here by a fillet weld 3. A prior welding through the fillet weld 3 is not absolutely necessary.
  • the two sheets 1, 2 are additionally welded together by a butt weld 6.
  • the laser welding device 4 is operated pulsed, ie by periodic switching on and off of the laser beam 5, a plurality of welding pulses are generated successively, which are each interrupted by sweat-free pause intervals.
  • a ball 7 can also be welded onto a component 1.
  • the ball 7 can be connected by a plurality of welds with the component 1.
  • the laser welding device is operated pulsed.
  • the laser welding device can be guided around the contact area of the ball 7. In this way, a multiplicity of overlapping welding spots or welding areas can be produced, as a result of which a qualitatively very high-quality "circumferential" weld seam 8 can be produced.
  • FIG. 3 shows two sheets 1, 2 lying one above the other, which are connected to one another by a weld seam 10 which is just emerging.
  • the weld 10 is constructed sequentially by individual flaky overlapping weld areas.
  • the individual welding arms are not all produced side by side or consecutively.
  • the welding areas are generated one after the other in the order indicated by the reference numerals 1 1 - 22. After creating the welding area 1 1 this can cool.
  • the welding area 12 created after the welding area 1 1 has a sufficiently large distance from the welding area 11 so that the heat input into the welding area 12 leaves the cooling of the welding area 11 substantially unaffected, etc.
  • FIG. 4 describes the pulsed welding according to the invention on the basis of a diagram in which the laser power PLaser is plotted over the time t.
  • One first welding pulse extends from time 0 to time ti. This is followed by a pause interval of length [ti, t2].
  • FIGS. 5-9 illustrate that the invention is not limited to the manufacture of the seam shapes shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but can also be used in the manufacture of all other seam forms, such as e.g. in the manufacture of fillet welds (Figure 6), for example at the lap joint (face fillet weld), at the T butt ( Figure 7), at the hemming butt, in making classic I seams at the lap lap, etc.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de soudage de pièces structurales (1, 2) comprenant les étapes consistant à : prendre une première pièce structurale (1) et une deuxième pièce structurale (2), juxtaposer les deux pièces structurales (1, 2), souder les deux pièces structurales (1, 2) par un faisceau laser, (5) une mise en marche et un arrêt répétés du faisceau laser (5) permettant la génération d'une pluralité d'impulsions de soudage qui sont respectivement interrompues par des pauses exemptes de soudure pendant lesquelles le faisceau laser (5) est éteint ; chaque impulsion de soudure génèrant une aire de soudure (11 - 22) locale dans laquelle le matériau des deux pièces structurales (1, 2) subit une fusion superficielle de manière localement délimitée puis fusionne, ce qui entraîne le chevauchement d'aires de soudure (11 - 22) générées par les impulsions de soudure.
EP17731145.3A 2016-07-01 2017-06-19 Procédé de soudage de pièces structurales Pending EP3478445A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016212057.3A DE102016212057A1 (de) 2016-07-01 2016-07-01 Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Bauteilen
PCT/EP2017/064975 WO2018001780A1 (fr) 2016-07-01 2017-06-19 Procédé de soudage de pièces structurales

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3478445A1 true EP3478445A1 (fr) 2019-05-08

Family

ID=59078075

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17731145.3A Pending EP3478445A1 (fr) 2016-07-01 2017-06-19 Procédé de soudage de pièces structurales

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11839930B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3478445A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109070272B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016212057A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018001780A1 (fr)

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DE102016206012B4 (de) 2016-04-12 2023-11-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Bauteilverbindung

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US20190105733A1 (en) 2019-04-11
WO2018001780A1 (fr) 2018-01-04
CN109070272B (zh) 2021-05-04
US11839930B2 (en) 2023-12-12
DE102016212057A1 (de) 2018-01-04

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