EP3478393B1 - Rotationsventilanordnung für druckwechseladsorptionssystem - Google Patents

Rotationsventilanordnung für druckwechseladsorptionssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3478393B1
EP3478393B1 EP17739890.6A EP17739890A EP3478393B1 EP 3478393 B1 EP3478393 B1 EP 3478393B1 EP 17739890 A EP17739890 A EP 17739890A EP 3478393 B1 EP3478393 B1 EP 3478393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
rotor
air
control valve
rotary control
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Active
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EP17739890.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3478393A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph Thomas Dolensky
Robert William MURDOCH
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0446—Means for feeding or distributing gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M16/101—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using an oxygen concentrator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/208—Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0423—Beds in columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B01D53/053—Pressure swing adsorption with storage or buffer vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
    • C01B13/0259—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40003—Methods relating to valve switching
    • B01D2259/40005—Methods relating to valve switching using rotary valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0001—Separation or purification processing
    • C01B2210/0009—Physical processing
    • C01B2210/0014—Physical processing by adsorption in solids

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is generally related to oxygen concentrators, and in particular oxygen concentrators utilizing a rotary control valve for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) control, and methods relating thereto.
  • PSA pressure swing adsorption
  • Oxygen concentrators are devices that use a source of compressed air, a molecular sieve (typically in the form of two sieve columns), and a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. Generally, the oxygen concentrators generate approximately 1-10 liters/minute of 86% - 96% oxygen gas for oxygen therapy.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,944,627 to Skarstrom describes an example of an early gas fractionalization method which can concentrate oxygen from air using molecular sieve and PSA process.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,474,595 to McCombs describes an example of a known oxygen concentrator utilizing four solenoid valves on the air side and a single solenoid valve on the product side.
  • the sieve beds are configured to be fluidly connected to ports of the air and product stators of the at least one control valve.
  • the at least one control valve is provided between and/or flanked by the two sieve beds, and wherein the product storage tank is linearly aligned with and above the at least one control valve to form a stacked configuration.
  • a module assembly having a rotary control valve that has a product end having a product rotor and a product stator, and an air end comprising an air rotor and an air stator.
  • the product rotor includes a plurality of cavities configured for alignment with ports in the product stator and the air rotor includes a plurality of cavities configured for alignment with ports in the air stator.
  • a shaft operatively connects to the product rotor and the air rotor, and a motor is configured to drive the shaft. The driving of the shaft is configured to rotate the product rotor and air rotor relative to their respective stators such that cavities in each of the rotors selectively align with ports in their respective stators.
  • the module assembly also includes a sieve bed module having two sieve beds, and each of the sieve beds are configured to be fluidly connected to ports of the air and product stators of the rotary control valve.
  • a product storage tank is coupled to the rotary control valve.
  • the rotary control valve is provided between and/or flanked by the two sieve beds, and the product storage tank is linearly aligned with and above the rotary control valve to form a stacked configuration.
  • a product storage tank and a rotary control valve are provided between and/or flanked by two sieve beds.
  • the rotary valve has a product end and an air end, the product end having a product rotor and a product stator and an air end having an air rotor and an air stator.
  • the product rotor includes a plurality of cavities configured for alignment with ports in the product stator and the air rotor includes a plurality of cavities configured for alignment with ports in the air stator.
  • the rotary control valve further includes a shaft operatively connected to the product rotor and the air rotor, and a motor configured to drive the shaft.
  • the sieve beds are configured to be fluidly connected to ports of the air and product stators of the rotary control valve and the product storage tank is coupled to the rotary control valve and linearly aligned with and above the rotary control valve to form a stacked configuration.
  • the method includes operating the motor driving the shaft using the motor; rotating the product rotor and the air rotor relative to their respective stators as a result of the driving of the shaft; and selectively feeding air to the sieve beds and delivering oxygen to the product tank.
  • the rotating of the product rotor and air rotor selectively aligns cavities in the rotors with ports of their respective stators to selectively feed the air to the sieve beds and deliver oxygen to the product tank.
  • the motor can be programmed and controlled to move clockwise, or counter-clockwise, continuously, or intermittently in steps, at low, high, or variable speeds to obtain multiple, different, PSA processes resulting in high degree of PSA process design flexibility.
  • the disclosed rotary control valve and a molecular sieve bed module assembly is described herein as being used in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes, or a control flow processes or cycles, that are commonly used to make enriched product gas, e.g., oxygen (02).
  • PSA pressure swing adsorption
  • oxygen e.g., oxygen
  • Such gas can be used, for example, in an 02 concentrator for delivery of oxygen drug therapy to patients.
  • the molecular sieve bed module assembly generates approximately 86 %-96% oxygen gas for oxygen therapy.
  • FIGS. 1-5 illustrate one embodiment of a rotary control valve 10 for controlling a desired PSA process in a module assembly, such as an oxygen concentrator.
  • the rotary control valve has a connector 16 for pressure sensing and an electrical connector 18 for powering and controlling the motor.
  • the rotary control valve 10 has a product end 12 at its top end and an air end 14 at its bottom end, and a motor 22 with a single shaft 24 extending in a vertical direction (vertical axis A) between both ends.
  • the motor 22 drives the shaft 24, for example, about the axis A.
  • internal components within housings 20, 21 at the ends 12, 14 of the valve 10 are opened and closed to achieve the desired valve function, as explained below.
  • the product end 12 of the rotary valve 10 is used to deliver product gas (e.g., oxygen) produced from sieve beds of an assembly.
  • the product end 12 of the rotary control valve 10 includes a housing 20 provided at a top end that contains an internal product valve therein.
  • the housing 20 includes a bottom part 38 and a top part 40.
  • the bottom and top parts 38, 40 are secured together using fasteners 44 (e.g., bolts), placed through aligned openings, and enclose internal components of the product end 12 therein.
  • the positioning or direction of insertion of the fasteners is not limited (e.g., see FIGS. 4 and 5 ).
  • the internal components in the product end 12 include a product rotor 32 and a product stator 34, as seen in FIGS.
  • the product rotor 32 and product stator 34 are contained within a chamber 56 or opening formed between a bottom part 38 and a top part 40 of the housing 20.
  • the chamber 56 may hold pressurized gas (02) therein for delivery to a patient (via a delivery system).
  • the bottom part 38 of the housing 20 includes a delivery channel 58 that communicates the pressurized gas to the connector 16, for delivery or feeding of gas (02) out of the valve 10 and to the patient (e.g., via hose or tubing connected to connector 16).
  • the top part 40 of the housing 20 includes connectors 17 for feeding product gas through delivery channels 60 and into the chamber 56. As shown and described later, the connectors 17 may have tubing connected thereto for delivery of the product gas (oxygen) from sieve beds within a module assembly 100.
  • the rotary control valve 10 also includes an orifice 76 or opening for communicating product gas from a product tank (e.g., see tank 106 in FIG. 18 ) into the chamber 56. As seen in FIG. 4 , the top part 40 of the housing may include the orifice 76 therein for providing fluid communication directly with product storage tank 106.
  • the air end 14 of the valve 10 feeds air to sieve bed(s) of the assembly (which produces the output product gas (O 2 ) for delivery to a patient) and/or exhausts the sieve bed(s).
  • the air end 14 of the rotary control valve 10 also includes a housing 21 provided at a bottom end of the valve 10 that also contains internal components therein.
  • the internal components in the air end 14 include an air rotor 48 and an air stator 50, also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , which form an air delivery valve.
  • the air rotor 48 is contained within a chamber 54 or opening within the housing 21.
  • the air stator 50 encloses the air rotor 48 within the chamber 54.
  • the chamber 54 may hold pressurized air therein. As schematically shown in FIG.
  • the rotary valve 10 is operatively connected to a compressor 80 and a muffler 82.
  • the compressor 80 is configured to compress atmospheric air and provide the compressed air as a source of feed gas to the chamber 56 of valve 10. Pressurized air may be delivered from the chamber 56 to one or more sieve beds based on the relative position of the rotor and stator 48, 50. Air may also be exhausted from the sieve beds and/or housing 21 via movement of the rotor 48 via muffler 82.
  • the configuration and use of the compressor 80 and muffler 82 within an oxygen concentrator is generally known, and thus not described in detail herein.
  • the rotors 32, 48 are discs that are operatively connected or coupled to the shaft 24.
  • the rotors 32, 48 are configured to simultaneously rotate with the shaft 24 of the motor 22 about the axis.
  • the rotors 32, 48 include cavities therein that may align with one or more of ports of the stators 34, 50 during steps of a control process.
  • ports of the stationary stators 34, 50 may be exposed (e.g., to feed air), covered (partially or fully, to close a port), or connect a port to a center portion (e.g., open to exhaust, or open to product gas from a tank).
  • each of the stators 34, 50 is provided in the form of a stationary plate at each end 12, 14 of the rotary control valve 10 that contain ports therein that lead to control nodes of an assembly (such as a module assembly 100, described with respect to FIGS. 11-19 ).
  • the plates may enclose the rotors 32, 48 within the chambers 56, 54 of the housings 20, 21 (respectively).
  • the air stator 50 has three ports in a line, an example of which is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the center port 60 is an exhaust port that connects to and communicates with an exhaust portion of the system (e.g., see ports 112 and 116 in manifold 110, shown in FIGS. 14 and 16 ).
  • the product stator 34 has two ports 68, 70, such as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the two ports 68, 70 lead to the oxygen end of the sieve beds.
  • the product stator 34 has three ports, i.e., a center port is added in addition to the ports 68, 70.
  • the center port may lead directly to a product (oxygen) storage tank (e.g., see tank 106 in FIG. 18 ).
  • the rotors are operatively connected to the shaft 24 of the motor 22 via drivers 30 and 46 for axial rotation.
  • a product driver 30 is mounted to an end of the shaft 24 at the product end 12 and is operatively connected to the product rotor 32.
  • An air driver 46 is mounted to an opposite end of the shaft 24 at the air end 14 and operatively connected to the air rotor 48.
  • the shaft 24 engages a connecting portion of each driver 30, 46.
  • the shaft 24 extends through a central opening provided within each driver 30, 46.
  • the central opening of the driver and the shaft may have corresponding shapes, such that the driver and shaft may be press-fit together, for example.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the top end of the shaft 24 being press fit into an opening 74 of the driver 30 at the product end 12, wherein the opening 74 has a shape that corresponds to the shape of the shaft 24 (e.g., a D-shaped shaft).
  • Each rotor and stator has a first side and a second side.
  • the first side of the stator faces its respective housing, while the second side of the stator faces its respective rotor.
  • a first side of each rotor faces its stator, while a second side (or underside) of the rotor faces its driver.
  • the second side of each rotor that faces its driver may have a mating surface that corresponds to a connective mating surface of its driver.
  • the shaft 24 rotates the drivers 30, 46, which in turn rotate the rotors 32, 48. As the shaft 24 is rotated about its axis A, the product rotor 32 and the air rotor 48 are correspondingly moved about axis A.
  • the rotation of the shaft 24 is perpendicular to the sides (or faces) of the rotors.
  • the rotors 32, 48 rotate relative to their respective stators 34, 50.
  • the cavities within the rotors 32, 48 selectively align with the ports in the respective stators 34, 50, to achieve the desired valve function. Alignment of the cavities and ports in the rotary control valve 10 allows flow to or from the fluidly connected sieve beds, for example.
  • biasing mechanisms 36 and 52 are provided between the drivers 30, 46 and the rotors 32, 48 (respectively) for biasing and sealingly engaging the rotors 32, 48 towards their respective stators 34, 50.
  • the force applied by the biasing mechanisms 36 and 52 is designed such that it is greater than an opposing force and/or weight applied to the rotors 32, 48.
  • the biasing mechanisms 36, 52 are in the form of coiled compression springs.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of four (4) coil springs placed relative to the driver 30 that are designed to force rotor 32 upwardly towards and against the stator 34 when assembled in the housing 20.
  • oxygen pressure formed within the chamber 56 of housing 20 may also assist in holding the rotor 32 against the stator 34.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of two (2) coil springs placed relative to the driver 46 that are designed to force rotor 48 downwardly towards stator 50 when assembled in the housing 21. Pressurized air contained within chamber 54 may also provide pressure around air rotor 48 to assist with pushing the rotor 48 downwardly against the stator 50.
  • a shaft seal on one or both ends of the rotary control valve 10 may be included to prevent or diminish any leakage that can occur between the motor shaft 24 and surrounding housing(s) 20 and 21.
  • seal bearings 26 may be provided around the shaft 24 within a bottom part 38 of housing 20 and within housing 21.
  • a thrust bearing 28 (also shown in FIG. 3 ) can be added to absorb this load, and protect the motor 22.
  • One or more O-rings or seals may be provided in and around the rotary control valve 10.
  • an O-ring 42 is provided around housing 20 to sealingly engage the valve 10 within a product storage tank 106 of a module assembly 100, as seen in FIG. 18 .
  • O-rings 43 may be provided around connector 16 to sealing engage the connector within an opening of the housing 20 (in the bottom part 38) for alignment with the delivery channel 58.
  • One or more O-rings 45 may also be provided between the stators 34, 50 and housings 20, 21 to sealingly secure the chambers 56, 54.
  • the motor 22 is provided between the product end 12 and the air end 14 of the rotary control valve 10.
  • the motor 22 drives the shaft 24 about the vertical axis A for axial rotation either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
  • the shaft 24 extends through the motor 22 and beyond the ends of the motor 22 in both directions.
  • bearings 26 (and/or 28) and drivers 30, 46 are provided on the ends of the shaft 24, outside and adjacent to ends of the motor 22.
  • the motor 22 is surrounded by support posts 23.
  • the support posts 23 extend between and are attached to the housings 20, 21.
  • the posts 23 are used to secure the housings 20, 21 together with the motor 22 therebetween to form as assembly.
  • the posts 23 assist in providing structural rigidity to the assembly.
  • the length of the posts 23 is consistent with the height of the motor 22.
  • the posts 23 are releasably connected at either end to a part of the housings 20 and 21.
  • the posts 23 may connect to housing 20 via receipt of an extension portion of housing 20 therein (e.g., within a center of each post), while fasteners 47 are used to secure the opposite end of the posts 23 to a lip of the housing 21. The tightening of the fasteners 47 secures the housings 20, 21 together thus assuring that housing 20 does not rotate relative to housing 21.
  • the motor 22 is a controllable or programmable stepper motor, controlled by a controller (not shown).
  • the controller may accelerate or decelerate the motor in a negligible or short amount of time.
  • the stepper motor 22 may be a hybrid motor having a single, double, or triple stack.
  • the stepper motor 22 may be a NEMA 17 size stepper motor ( ⁇ 42mm square) x 30mm - 42mm in length, and have 200 steps per revolution.
  • the motor 22 is configured to rotate the shaft 24 through a 360 degree cycle and configured to stop rotation of the shaft 24 and dwell for a period of time at a number of positions or steps about the 360 degree rotation.
  • Such cycles are also referred to as "PSA processes", examples of which are described later.
  • the connectors 17 in the top part 40 of the housing 20 of the rotary control valve 10 are used to receive produced product gas (02) from a sieve bed. As shown in FIG. 10 , the connectors 17 have one end of a piece of tubing 72 connected thereto. The other end of the tubing is configured for connection to a delivery port 128 within the module assembly 100 for delivery of the product gas from one or more sieve beds of the assembly.
  • FIGS. 11-19 illustrates features of an exemplary module assembly 100 configured to employ the rotary control valve 10 therein.
  • the assembly 100 acts as an air separation device (i.e., capable of separating oxygen from air) using pressure swing adsorption technology.
  • the disclosed design of the module assembly 100 integrates two molecular sieve beds 102, 104, a product storage tank 106, and the rotary control valve 10 into a compact, flexible, and scalable module.
  • the molecular sieve beds 102, 104 are provided in the form of columns that include active molecular sieves therein which are designed to adsorb nitrogen from intake air and produce oxygen-rich gas.
  • the input to the sieve beds 102, 104 of the assembly 100 is compressed air, and the output is enriched (e.g., 86-96%) oxygen product gas, which may be delivered to a patient.
  • the output can vary from 3 LPM to 10LPM of product gas. In one embodiment, the output is rated for 5LPM oxygen output.
  • module assembly 100 as disclosed herein is described as employing the rotary valve 10, other configurations of valves may be used with the module assembly 100. That is, the type and design of control valve(s) used with module assembly 100 is not intended to be limited. In accordance with an embodiment, one or more valves may be provided in the module assembly 100 (e.g., such as known solenoid valves, two-way valves, and/or three-way valves).
  • the columns of the two sieve beds 102 and 104 flank the rotary control valve 10 (or other control valve(s)) in the assembly 100.
  • the module assembly 100 is shown and described below as using the disclosed rotary control valve 10.
  • the rotary control valve 10 assists in fluid flow between sieve beds 102, 104 for feeding the beds, equalizing or balancing the beds, purging the beds, etc. during a selected PSA process.
  • the air end 14 of the valve 10 both delivers air to the sieve bed(s) 102, 104 and exhausts air from the sieve beds 12, 104, as needed, while the product end 12 is used to deliver product gas (oxygen) from the product storage tank 106 (received via the sieve beds 102, 104) to the patient.
  • product gas oxygen
  • the rotary control valve 10 is positioned under the product storage tank 106 (see FIGS. 12 and 14 ) to facilitate air and oxygen side control.
  • the product storage tank 106 stores the gas produced by the sieve beds, or "product gas" e.g., purified oxygen gas.
  • the product storage tank 106 is secured in between the sieve beds 102, 104.
  • the product storage tank 106 is centered between the sieve beds 102, 104, such that the centers of the tank and beds are linearly aligned (see FIG. 11 ).
  • the centers of the tank and beds are provided in a triangular configuration (see description with regards to FIGS. 20 and 21 ).
  • the product tank 106 is positioned above the rotary control valve 10. More specifically, the product storage tank 106 is linearly aligned with (in a vertical direction) and placed above the rotary control valve 10 to form a stacked configuration.
  • FIGS. 17 , 18 and 19 illustrate the assembly of the product storage tank 106 and the rotary control valve 10 in greater detail.
  • the product tank is formed from the assembly of a first part 122 of an upper manifold 108 and tube 126 with the rotary valve 10, as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • an outer diameter OD of the rotary control valve 10 e.g., outer diameter of housing 20
  • FIG. 19 an outer diameter OD of the rotary control valve 10 (e.g., outer diameter of housing 20)(see FIG. 19 ) is of the same or less dimension as an inner diameter ID of the tube 126 of the product storage tank 106. This allows for axial alignment of the valve 10 and the tank 106 (e.g., centers are aligned along axis A), and so that tube 126 may be coupled to the housing of the rotary valve 10.
  • the tube 126 of the product storage tank 106 surrounds the top part 40 of the housing 20 at the product end 12 of the valve 10 (see FIGS. 18 and 19 ).
  • the tube 126 also extends around at least a portion of the bottom part 38 of the housing 20.
  • the O-ring 42 is provided between an outer wall of the housing 20 and inner wall of the tube 126. Accordingly, the product/oxygen side valve function is directly coupled to the storage tank 106.
  • the product rotor 32 and product stator 34 of the internal components on the product side 12 are substantially enclosed and provided within the product storage tank 106.
  • valve placement within the product storage tank 106 (and inside the sieve module envelope) - as opposed to valve placement outside of the sieve module envelope, as in prior art systems - provides easier mounting and connection of the valve 10 with the sieve beds 102, 104. Moreover, multiple gas connections between multiple valves above, below, and/or to side of the sieve bed columns is reduced, and any size, weight and complexity issues because of multiple valve connections is decreased.
  • the above-described configuration (stacked tank 106 and valve 10 that is secured together via O-ring 42) also greatly reduces and/or eliminates any pressure leakage from the product storage tank 106. This provides a significant cost reduction, since leakage is common in prior art designs and product gas (like 02) can be expensive to purchase and canister. Furthermore, if there is a leak of product gas in the disclosed configuration, the leak is designed for delivery into one or more parts of the module assembly 100, and thus can still be used for oxygen therapy.
  • manifolds 108, 110 may be used.
  • An upper manifold 108 is provided on the product/oxygen side of the sieve beds 102, 104, as seen in FIG. 11 (on top of the assembly 100).
  • a lower manifold 110 is provided relative to the air side 14 of the rotary control valve 10.
  • a top of each of the columns of the sieve beds 102 and 104 and a top of the tube 126 of the product storage tank 106 is secured to the upper manifold 108.
  • a bottom of each of the columns of the sieve beds 102 and 104 and a bottom of the rotary control valve 10 is secured to the lower manifold 110.
  • the rotary control valve 10 may be secured in a center of the lower manifold 110, with Bed A/sieve bed 102 secured to the manifold 110 on a left side of the valve 10, and Bed B/sieve bed 104 secured to the manifold 110 on a right side of the valve 10 (see FIG. 12 ).
  • the product tank 106 is secured on top of the rotary valve 10 and in between the beds 102, 104.
  • the top and bottom manifolds may be in the form of plates.
  • FIG. 17 shows one exemplary embodiment wherein the upper manifold 108 includes two parts - a first part 122 and a second part 124 - that connect and secure the product storage tank 106 and sieve beds 102, 104 together in the assembly 100.
  • the first part 122 of manifold 108 includes a plurality of channels 132-136 therein for fluidly connecting the product storage tank 106 with the sieve beds 102, 104.
  • the channels 132-136 receive product gas from the sieve beds 102, 104 via orifices 142, 144.
  • the second part 124 includes orifice 142 for fluid communication with sieve bed A 102 and orifice 144 for fluid communication with sieve bed B 104.
  • the orifices 142, 144 may be openings with o-ring seals therein, for example.
  • Each of the orifices 142, 144 connects to a respective tunnel 132 provided within the first part 122.
  • the tunnels 132 are secured via plugs 140 provided at their respective ends on either side of the manifold 108.
  • Each tunnel 132 also has at least two channels 134, 136 branching off in a downward direction therefrom.
  • Channel 134 includes a delivery port 128 (with optional connector therein) for delivery of the product gas to tubing 72 connected to the rotary valve 10.
  • Channel 136 connects to a one-way valve 138, e.g., a flapper valve, and feeds into the tube 126 of the product storage tank 106.
  • the one-way valve 138 may made of rubber, for example, and designed to be forced open when pressurized product gas from one or more of the sieve bed(s) exceeds a specified amount, so that the product gas is fed into the tank 106.
  • the two-part manifold 108 as direct flow of product (oxygen) towards the product storage tank 106 and the product side 12 of the rotary control valve 10.
  • the rotary valve 10 may receive product gas via delivery through tubing 72 and connectors 17 and/or via orifice 76.
  • tubing 72 and flow control connectors 17 are contained within the tube 126 of the product storage tank 106.
  • the tubing, fittings, and/or hoses are unexposed.
  • the lower manifold 110 also includes a number of ports and fluidly connected channels therein. As shown in FIG. 14 , a back of the lower manifold 110 includes an exhaust port 112 for exhausting air from an internal tunnel 146 (see FIG. 19 ) connected to the sieve beds 102, 104.
  • the exhaust port 112 may expel gas from either of the sieve beds 102, 104, e.g., through muffler 82, as a result of a pressure differential.
  • the internal tunnel 146 of lower manifold 110 may also be used to deliver air to the sieve beds 102, 104.
  • the lower manifold 110 has an inlet port 114 for delivery of pressurized air from the compressor 80 to the rotary control valve 10.
  • the compressor 80 provides compressed air as a source of feed gas to a sieve bed on its feed side via the lower manifold 110.
  • the inlet port 114 extends between a bottom surface (see opening in FIG. 15 ) and a top surface (see opening in FIG. 16 ) of the lower manifold 110.
  • a fitting 86 (see FIG. 19 ) is provided within the inlet port 114 for connection to one or more parts of the compressor 80. As shown in FIG.
  • the lower manifold 110 includes a center port 116 and side ports 118 and 120 that are configured to be selectively in fluid communication with ports 62 and 64, 66 of the air stator 50 in the rotary control valve 10.
  • pressurized air may be directed to one or more of the sieve bed(s) 102, 104.
  • the internal tunnel 146 includes side branches 148 for directing the air to the beds.
  • the branches 148 extend from a center of the manifold 110 towards the sieve beds 102, 104 and outer ends of the manifold 110.
  • Each branch 148 has an opening 150, 152 that is respectively aligned with sieve bed 102, 104 (e.g., port 150 is provided in a center of a sieve bed column) for delivering pressurized air.
  • An outer end of each branch 148 includes a plug 154 therein.
  • the assembly of parts as described herein also assists in minimizing at least the longitudinal dimensions of the product storage tank 106 and the sieve beds 102, 104.
  • sieve bed 102 (Bed A) has as height H1a and sieve bed 104 (Bed B) has a height H1b.
  • the rotary valve 10 has a height Hr and the product storage tank 106 has a height Hp.
  • the combined height of the valve 10 combined with the height of the product storage tank 106 - i.e., Hr + Hp - is approximately equal to the height H1a or H1b of the sieve bed columns 102, 104. In one embodiment, the combined height of the valve 10 combined with the height of the product storage tank 106 - i.e., Hr + Hp - is less than the height H1a or H1b of the sieve bed columns 102, 104.
  • the columns of the sieve beds 102, 104 also include an internal diameter.
  • Sieve bed 102 (Bed A) has a diameter of D1
  • sieve bed 104 (Bed B) has a diameter of D2, as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the diameter ID of the product storage tank 106 is approximately equal to the diameters D1, D2 of the beds 102, 104. In another embodiment, the diameter ID of the product storage tank 106 is less than the diameters D1, D2.
  • corner posts 130 are provided and secured between the upper manifold 108 and lower manifold 110 using fasteners 84.
  • the corner posts 130 to provide greater stability to the assembled beds 102, 104, valve 10, and product storage tank 106 in the assembly 100.
  • the corner posts 130 also aid in pneumatic sealing of the parts in the module assembly 100.
  • the sieve beds 102, 104 and product storage tank 106 utilize tubes in a linear geometry (Sieve Bed A - product storage tank - Sieve Bed B), which minimizes the depth dimension.
  • the columns of the sieve beds 102, 104, product storage tank 106, and rotary valve 10 are configured in an equilateral triangular arrangement, which is shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 . In this triangular arrangement, the width and depth dimensions are approximately equal.
  • the tubes of the sieve beds and product storage tank can be configured in a "L" or "Z" pattern, with each sieve bed 90 degrees off axis relative to the product storage tank (not shown).
  • the height dimensions of the beds and tank in combination with the previously mentioned dimensions and configurations of the product storage tank 106 and rotary valve 10, ensure a compact module.
  • the overall dimensions (depth and height) of the product tank 106 and valve 10 are not greater than the combined dimensions (e.g., diameter and height (length)) of the sieve bed columns.
  • Known assemblies tend to implement one particular gas separation process, with variables such as the time spent at each process step, and the number of steps.
  • the disclosed rotary control valve 10 and module assembly 100 are not limited to a single separation process. Instead, in accordance with embodiments herein, different variations of the rotor (and (optionally) stator) components, along with a reprogramming of the controller for the motor 22, may be employed to affect different gas separation process controls, i.e., a different balance or PSA process (e.g., from a 4-step to a 6-step process). Removal and replacement of the rotary valve 10 can be easily performed without disassembly of the sieve beds 102, 104 from the top and bottom manifolds 108, 110. Referring to FIG.
  • disassembly may begin by simply disconnecting the columns 130 and the upper manifold plate 108 from the lower manifold plate 110. This allows the removal of the product storage tank 106 (e.g., removal of tube 126) and the tubing 72, which then enables removal of the rotary valve module 10 from the lower manifold 110.
  • the entire rotary valve 10 is replaced within the module assembly 100 to change the PSA process.
  • the rotary valve 10 itself is disassembled to change the PSA process.
  • the housings 20, 21 may be unfastened and opened to replace the rotors 32, 48 (and optionally, the stators 34, 50) therein.
  • the rotors 32, 48 may be provided in corresponding pairs such that they employ the selected process (e.g., for number of steps / step length and dwell time).
  • the stators 34, 50 need not be changed. However, in some embodiments, one or both of the stators 34, 50 may be changed or swapped, e.g., depending on the selected process, or based on considerations such as motor output torque (motor torque capability versus size).
  • the selected rotor/stator combinations and designs for the product side 12 and/or the air side 14 is dependent upon the step cycle to be employed using the rotary control valve 10.
  • each of the rotors employed for a selected PSA process has a similar configuration.
  • FIGS. 27 and 28 shown are first and second sides, respectively, of an air rotor 48 configured for use on the air side 14 of the valve 10 (in this case, in a 4-step DSB process).
  • On the first side of the air rotor 48 in FIG. 27 there is a provided a receiving portion 88 flanked by walls 90.
  • the receiving portion 88 receives an end the shaft 24 of motor 22, and walls 90 surround the end of the shaft 24.
  • FIG. 42 illustrates an alternate embodiment of a second side of an air rotor 48. This second side includes a protrusion on one side of the rotor 48, with the bell shaped depression 94 provided therein.
  • FIGS. 29-30 illustrate an example of first and second sides, respectively, of a product rotor 32 (also referred to as an "oxygen side rotor", below) configured for use on the product side 12 of the valve 10 (in this case, in a 4-step DSB process).
  • the first side of product rotor 32 in FIG. 29 shows a connector 98 for connection to the product stator 50.
  • the second side of the rotor 32 includes two kidney-shaped ports 78A that communicate with openings 78B (see FIG. 30 ) provided on the second side of the rotor 32.
  • the ports 78A, 78B are configured to open or close communication between the sieve beds 102, 104 as it rotates between steps in a PSA process.
  • the second side of the product rotor 30 has a receiving portion 88A, with surrounding extended walls 90A, for receipt of the opposite end of the shaft 24 of the motor 22.
  • a receiving portion 88A with surrounding extended walls 90A, for receipt of the opposite end of the shaft 24 of the motor 22.
  • four walls 90 are shown, any number of walls, including a single wall, may be provided on the second side of the rotor 32.
  • the product rotor 32 does not include communicating ports and openings, but instead includes depressions for connection and fluid communication.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates a second side of a product rotor 32 with an alternately shaped receiving portion 88B. Indents 35 are provided in the body of the rotor 32 for receipt of the biasing mechanisms 36 (provided between the rotor and driver 30).
  • On the first side of this product rotor 50 as shown in FIG. 45 , there is provided a symmetrical depression 94A.
  • the symmetrical depression 94A is configured to open or close communication between the sieve beds 102, 104 as it rotates between steps in a PSA process.
  • the design of the depression 94A allows for communication between the beds even as the rotor rotates between two steps of the process. In other words, there can be a change of state of the "valves” on the air side, and no change of state of the "valves” on the oxygen side, due to this feature.
  • the number, size and/or dimensions of the above described cavities, depressions, and ports vary depending upon the selected step process being employed by the module assembly 100.
  • the motor 22 is programmable to implement different PSA balance processes or cycles to rotate the shaft 24 (and thus the rotors 32, 48) through a 360 degree cycle to feed, balance, purge, etc. gases between the sieve beds 102, 104 and product storage tank 106, for example.
  • the PSA cycles controllable and employed by the rotary control valve 10 and module assembly 100 disclosed herein include those with one, two, or three step feed phase and a zero, one, or two step equalization phase.
  • an oxygen side balance process, or OSB process is a PSA process step where the pressure balance occurs by opening valves on the product (02) side of the sieve beds.
  • the compressed air is fed to one sieve bed at a time, never both, and the exhaust ports of each bed are closed during the balance steps to assist with the balancing.
  • the exhaust ports of each bed are closed during balance steps.
  • very slight overlap may occur in some cases, e.g., to smooth out any load on the compressor.
  • the stepping motor 22 is programmed to find a home position (or zero position), and then progress through two or more steps in a 360 degree cycle.
  • a step includes rotating the rotors 32, 48 (via rotation shaft 24) from one position to another position, stopping, and dwelling for a period of time. Accordingly, the locations for stopping rotation about the 360 degree cycle may be determined based on the division of the full cycle by the desired number of steps (e.g., 360 / # steps).
  • the disclosed rotary control valve 10 may employ in 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-step gas separation processes, for example. As such, a two-step process includes steps every 180 degrees. A four step process would include steps/stops every 90 degrees. A six step process would include stops every 60 degrees. An eight step process would include steps every 45 degrees. A ten step process would include stops every 36 degrees.
  • the dwelling time at each step may be determined based on testing and experimentation.
  • the bed pressure may be higher than atmospheric pressure, and thus opening a valve, e.g., to expel through muffler, will allow exhaust flow out of the bed.
  • the exhaust may be via force, e.g., through suction, and muffler 82.
  • Balancing the beds also referred to as equalizing the beds, refers to balancing or equalizing gas flow - and thus the pressure - between the beds.
  • Reference to pre-balancing (Bal(Pre)) and post-balancing (Bal(Post)) refers to first and second parts of balancing steps, respectively. That is, a first part of balancing (Bal(Pre)) is before a point of equal pressure balance (e.g., both being fed), whereas the second part of balancing is after the point of pressure balance.
  • the connection of the beds during balancing or equalizing is on the oxygen side (product side, or top side), of the beds.
  • Purging refers to connecting the beds together such that one bed (e.g., bed A) delivers gas to the other bed (e.g., bed B).
  • purging bed B refers to bed B having a pressure increase because of (purge) gas received from bed A.
  • Purging may be induced by the application of pressurized air or gas into one of the beds.
  • a two-step PSA process is implemented by the assembly 100 using the rotary control valve 10.
  • the rotors of the rotary control valve are rotated by rotating the shaft 180 degrees twice.
  • the position of the shaft, and thus the position of the rotors controls the feed to each sieve bed. For example, in an embodiment, at a shaft angle of zero degrees (or its home position, or 360 degrees), Bed A is fed while Bed B is exhausted. At a shaft angle of 180 degrees Bed B is fed while Bed A is exhausted.
  • FIGS. 23 and 24 show a first side and a second side, respectively, of an exemplary rotor 48 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during the 4-step PSA air side balance process.
  • the first side ( FIG. 23 ) of the rotor 48 faces the driver 46, which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22.
  • the angle of the rotor controls the percentage of air side balance.
  • the rotary control valve 10 provides functionality that is equivalent to two 3-way valves. In this 4-step PSA air side balance process, only the air side is balanced in each step, and there is no oxygen side balance function.
  • Valve 156 schematically represents the product feed (02) into the product tank from the bed(s) via the product side 12 of the valve 10.
  • One-way valves 138 are also schematically shown in FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 25 is a chart illustrating examples of the feeds and exhausts of the Beds A and B at each of the steps of the 4-Step PSA air side balance process.
  • Step 1 wherein the angle of the shaft 24 is zero (0), i.e., in a home position, Bed A receives feed while Bed B is exhausted.
  • the step time at Step 1 is approximately 5.00 seconds.
  • Step 2 at a shaft angle of 90 degrees, Beds A and B both receive feed for a time of approximately 0.80 seconds, and thus the beds are balanced.
  • Step 3 at a shaft angle of 180 degrees, Bed B is fed while Bed A is exhausted for a time of approximately 5.00 seconds.
  • Step 4 with the shaft rotated to 270 degrees in the cycle, Beds B and A are both fed, and thus balanced, for a time of approximately 0.80 seconds.
  • the total cycle time of the rotary valve (to rotate 360 degrees) is approximately 11.60 seconds.
  • FIG. 26 In a second exemplary configuration of an oxygen concentrator, schematically shown in FIG. 26 , a 4-step PSA double side balance (DSB) (i.e., air and oxygen side) process is implemented, using the assembly 100, the rotary control valve 10, and other system components, including the compressor 80 and the muffler 82.
  • FIGS. 27 and 28 show a first side and a second side, respectively, of an exemplary rotor 48 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during this 4-step double side balance process.
  • the first side ( FIG. 27 ) of the air side rotor 48 faces the driver 46 on the air side, which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22.
  • 29 and 30 show a first side and a second side, respectively, for an exemplary rotor 32 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its oxygen side 12.
  • the second side ( FIG. 30 ) of the oxygen side rotor 32 faces the driver 30 which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 26 on the oxygen side.
  • the rotary control valve 10 provides functionality that is equivalent to two 3-way valves and one 3-way valve.
  • a two-valve function is added to the oxygen side, with both being balanced at each step (single step to balance the beds).
  • Valve 156 schematically represents the product feed (02) into the product tank from the bed(s) via the product side 12 of the valve 10.
  • One-way valves 138 are also schematically shown in FIG. 26 .
  • FIG. 31 is a chart illustrating examples of the feeds, exhausts, and balancing of the Beds A and B in the assembly 100 at each of the steps of the 4 Step PSA double side balance process.
  • Step 1 for a time of approximately 5.00 seconds, the angle of the shaft 24 is zero (0), i.e., in a home position, and Bed A receives feed while Bed B is exhausted.
  • Step 2 at a shaft angle of 90 degrees, Beds A and B both receive feed and are balanced for a time of approximately 0.80 seconds.
  • Step 3 at a shaft angle of 180 degrees, Bed B is fed while Bed A is exhausted for a time of approximately 5.00 seconds.
  • Step 4 with the shaft rotated to 270 degrees in the cycle, Beds B and A both receive feed and are balanced for a time of approximately 0.80 seconds.
  • the total cycle time of the rotary valve (to rotate 360 degrees) is approximately 11.60 seconds.
  • FIGS. 33 and 34 show a first side and a second side, respectively, of an exemplary rotor 48 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during this 6-step OSB process.
  • the first side ( FIG. 33 ) of the air side rotor 48 faces the driver 46 which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22.
  • FIGS. 35 and 36 show a first side and a second side, respectively, for an exemplary rotor 32 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its oxygen side 12.
  • the second side ( FIG. 36 ) of the oxygen side rotor 32 faces the driver 30 which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22 on the oxygen side.
  • FIGS. 38 and 39 respectively show a first side of an exemplary stator 50 in the form of a plate and a second side of an exemplary rotor 48, for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during a 6-step OSB process.
  • the first side of the air side rotor 48 (the top of the rotor 48 as shown in FIG. 39 ) faces the driver 46 on the air side.
  • FIGS. 40 and 41 respectively show a first side of an exemplary stator 34 in the form of a plate and a first side of an exemplary rotor 32, for use on the oxygen side 12 of the rotary control valve 10.
  • the first side top side of the rotor 32 in FIG.
  • FIGS. 42-43 show examples of how the stator 50 and rotor 48 of the air side are mounted together, when assembled in the rotary control valve.
  • FIGS. 44-45 show examples of how the stator 34 and rotor 32 of the product/oxygen side are mounted together, when assembled in the rotary control valve.
  • valve 10 When either configuration of these rotors 32 and 48 is provided in the rotary control valve, the rotary control valve 10 provides functionality that is equivalent to four 2-way valves and one 2-way valve. In this 6-step process, two step balance is enabled by four times the 2-way valve functions on the air side.
  • Valve 156 schematically represents the product feed (02) into the product tank from the bed(s) via the product side 12 of the valve 10.
  • One-way valves 138 are also schematically shown in FIG. 32 .
  • FIG. 37 is a chart illustrating examples of the feeds, exhausts, and balancing of the Beds A and B in the assembly 100 at each of the steps in the 6-step OSB process.
  • the angle of the shaft 24 is zero (0), i.e., in a home position, and Bed A receives feed while Bed B is exhausted.
  • Step 2 at a shaft angle of 60 degrees, Bed A continues to receive feed and the balancing process of the beds begins (e.g., half balanced, or pre-balanced) (e.g., such as by opening valve 156, at the top / oxygen side of the beds) for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • Step 3 at a shaft angle of 120 degrees, Bed B receives feed and the balancing process continues for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds. After this time, the beds are balanced (e.g., pressure is equalized via gas flow therebetween).
  • Step 4 at a shaft angle of 180 degrees, Bed B is fed while Bed A is exhausted for a time of approximately 5.00 seconds.
  • Step 5 at a shaft angle of 240 degrees, Bed B continues to receive feed and the beds are pre-balanced for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • Step 6 at a shaft angle of 300 degrees, Bed A receives feed and the beds are post-balanced for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds. After this time, the beds are again balanced.
  • the total cycle time of the rotary valve (to rotate 360 degrees) is approximately 11.60 seconds.
  • FIG. 37A is a pressure curve graph showing the pressures (PSI) at each second for air supply, 02 PSI, Bed A, Bed B, exhaust, and the 02 chamber and how they vary at each step during a repeated 6-step PSA cycle of FIG. 37 . More specifically, this graph shows approximately 23.2 seconds of data, which equates to two complete cycles of this specific process.
  • FIG. 46 In a fourth exemplary configuration, schematically shown in FIG. 46 , an eight (8)-step PSA oxygen side balance (OSB) process is implemented.
  • OSB oxygen side balance
  • FIGS. 47 and 48 show a first side and a second side, respectively, of an exemplary rotor 48 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during the 8-step OSB process.
  • the first side ( FIG. 47 ) of the air side rotor 48 faces the driver 46 which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22.
  • FIGS. 49 and 30 show a first side and a second side, respectively, for an exemplary rotor 32 for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its oxygen side 12.
  • the second side ( FIG. 50 ) of the oxygen side rotor 32 faces the driver 30 which is rotatably connected to the shaft 24 of the stepping motor 22 on the oxygen side.
  • the rotary control valve 10 provides functionality that is equivalent to four 2-way valves and one 2-way valve.
  • the 8-step OSB process includes 2 step feed (with purge delay added) and 2 step balance. Accordingly, two orifices 158 are provided adjacent to the oxygen sides of the beds A and B to control purge and limit flow velocities. Valves may optionally be provided in the orifices 158.
  • One-way valves 138 to the product storage tank 106 are also schematically shown in FIG. 46 .
  • FIG. 51 is a chart illustrating examples of the feeds, exhausts, and purging and balancing of the Beds A and B in the assembly 100 at each of the steps during the 8 step OSB process.
  • FIGS. 52-59 demonstratively illustrate rotation of the rotors 32 and 48 in each of the steps 1-8 of FIG. 51 , showing relative movement of the cavities, depressions, and/or ports of the rotors 32 and 48 to the ports of the stators 34 and 50, with the shaft 24 moving the rotors to each step position of the 8-step OSB process.
  • FIG. 52 illustrates the rotors 32, 48 in a home position (1 st position).
  • Step 1 the angle of the shaft 24 is zero (0), i.e., in this home position, and Bed A receives feed (e.g., orifice(s) 92 of rotor 48 are aligned with port 66 of stator 50) while Bed B is exhausted (e.g., bell shaped depression 94 of rotor limits communication with port 62 of air stator 50).
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 1 for a time of approximately 3.0 seconds.
  • FIG. 53 illustrates the rotors in a second position.
  • Step 2 at a shaft angle of 45 degrees, Bed A continues to receive feed (orifice(s) 92 of rotor 48 are aligned with port 66 of stator 50), and Bed B continues to exhaust (part of bell shaped depression 94 still limits communication with port 62 of air stator 50) as well as purge (via receipt of gas from Bed A; e.g., bell shaped depression 94A of product rotor 32 moves in alignment with ports 68 and 70 of product stator 34 to fluidly connect the beds A and B), for a time of approximately 1.75 seconds.
  • FIG. 54 illustrates the rotors in a third position.
  • Bed A receives feed and the beds are balanced (e.g., bell shaped depression 94A of product rotor 32 maintains communication with ports 68 and 70 of product stator 3).
  • bell shaped depression 94 of air rotor 48 moves away from alignment with any of the ports of air stator 50.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 3 for a time of approximately 0.5 seconds.
  • FIG. 55 illustrates the rotors in a fourth position.
  • Step 4 at a shaft angle of 135 degrees, Bed B is fed (e.g., orifice(s) 92 of rotor 48 are aligned with port 62 of stator 50) and the beds are balanced for a time of approximately 0.8 seconds.
  • FIG. 56 illustrates the rotors in a fifth position.
  • Step 5 at a shaft angle of 180 degrees (from its home position), Bed B continues to receive feed (via alignment of orifice(s) 92 and port 62), while Bed A is exhausted (e.g., bell shaped depression 94 of air rotor 48 moves in alignment with ports 66) for a time of approximately 3.0 seconds. Also, bell shaped depression 94A of product rotor 32 moves away from alignment with any of the ports of product stator 34, thus stopping communication between the beds.
  • FIG. 57 illustrates the rotors in a sixth position.
  • Step 6 at a shaft angle of 225 degrees, Bed B continues to receive feed, and Bed A continues to exhaust as well as purge (via receipt of gas from Bed B; e.g., bell shaped depression 94A of product rotor 32 moves in alignment with ports 68 and 70 of product stator 34 to fluidly connect the beds B and A).
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 6 for a time of approximately 1.75 seconds.
  • FIG. 58 illustrates the rotors in a seventh step.
  • Step 7 at a shaft angle of 270 degrees, Bed B receives feed (e.g., via orifice(s) 92 of air rotor 48 being aligned with port 66 of air stator 50) and the beds are balanced (via bell shaped depression 94A in rotor 32) for a time of approximately 0.5 seconds.
  • feed e.g., via orifice(s) 92 of air rotor 48 being aligned with port 66 of air stator 50
  • the beds are balanced (via bell shaped depression 94A in rotor 32) for a time of approximately 0.5 seconds.
  • FIG. 59 illustrates the rotors in an eighth position.
  • Step 8 at a shaft angle of 315 degrees, Bed A is fed (e.g., orifice(s) 92 of rotor 48 are aligned with port 66 of stator 50) and the beds are balanced for a time of approximately 0.8 seconds.
  • the total cycle time of the rotary valve (to rotate 360 degrees) is approximately 12.10 seconds.
  • FIGS. 52-59 Also shown in the illustrative embodiment of FIGS. 52-59 are utilization of a cylindrically-shaped magnet 95 and a Hall-effect sensor 97.
  • the illustrated magnet 95 and sensor 97 of FIGS. 52-59 may be similarly utilized in other embodiments and processes described herein and are not limited to use in an 8-step process or with the illustrated rotors of FIGS. 52-59 .
  • the magnet 95 is sensed by the Hall Effect sensor 97 to signal (e.g., to the controller) that the home position has been found. This may be used during the start-up routine, for example, to establish an absolute rotational location for the motor shaft.
  • the subsequent process steps (shaft rotation locations) are located a certain number of degrees from the home position.
  • the magnet 95 and sensor 97 have specifications to suit this purpose.
  • Pins 99 are provided to connect the rotating shaft to a rotating driver (not shown here for explanatory purposes only; e.g., see drivers 30 and 46).
  • FIGS. 62 and 63 respectively show a first side of an exemplary stator 50 in the form of a plate and a second side of an exemplary rotor 48, for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its air side 14 during a 10-step OSB process.
  • the second side ( FIG. 63 ) of the air side rotor 48 faces the stator 50 on the air side.
  • FIGS. 64 and 65 respectively show a first side an exemplary stator 34 in the form of a plate and a first side of an exemplary rotor 32, for use in the rotary control valve 10 on its oxygen side 12.
  • the first side (top side of the rotor 32 in FIG. 65 ) of the oxygen side rotor faces the stator 34.
  • the rotary control valve 10 provides functionality that is equivalent to four 2-way valves and three 2-way valves.
  • two-step balance is enabled as well as 3-step feed (double side feed (DSF) added) per 1 ⁇ 2 PSA cycle, totaling 10-steps per complete cycle.
  • the balance steps use some product storage tank gas, as does one of the feed steps.
  • a third orifice 160 is schematically provided between the rotary valve 10 and product storage tank 106, for bleeding from the tank 106.
  • the third orifice 160 may represent, for example, the previously described orifice 76 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Valves may optionally be provided in the orifices 158, 160.
  • One-way valves 138 to the product storage tank 106 are also schematically shown in FIG. 46 .
  • FIG. 61 is a chart illustrating examples of the feeds, exhausts, purging, and balancing of the Beds A and B in the assembly 100 based on the movement of valves at each of the steps during the 10-step OSB process.
  • the angle of the shaft 24 is zero (0), i.e., in a home position, and Bed A receives feed while Bed B is exhausted. Bed A is also purged in Step 1.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 1 for a time of approximately one second.
  • Step 2 at a shaft angle of 36 degrees, Bed A continues to receive feed, and Bed B continues to exhaust.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 2 for a time of approximately two seconds.
  • Step 3 at a shaft angle of 72 degrees, Bed A receives feed, Bed B exhausts, and Bed B is purged of N2 using 02 from the product tank and Bed A.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 3 for approximately 2.0 seconds.
  • Step 4 at a shaft angle of 108 degrees, Bed A is fed and the beds are pre-balanced, for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • Step 5 at a shaft angle of 144 degrees, Bed B receives feed, and the beds are post-balanced.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 5 for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • Step 6 at a shaft angle of 180 degrees, Bed B continues to receive feed and is purged, while Bed A is exhausted.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 6 for a time of approximately one second.
  • Step 7 at a shaft angle of 216 degrees, Bed B continues to receive feed, and Bed A continues to exhaust.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 7 for a time of approximately two seconds.
  • Step 8 at a shaft angle of 252 degrees, Bed B is fed, Bed A is exhausted, and Bed A is purged of N2 using 02 from the product tank and Bed B.
  • the rotary control valve may dwell or stay in its position at Step 8 for a time of approximately two seconds.
  • Step 9 at a shaft angle of 288 degrees, Bed B is fed and the beds are pre-balanced, for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • Step 10 at a shaft angle of 324 degrees, Bed A is fed and the beds are post-balanced, for a time of approximately 0.40 seconds.
  • the total cycle time of the rotary valve (to rotate 360 degrees) is approximately 11.60 seconds.
  • the disclosed rotary control valve 10 and module assembly 100 provides greater flexibility in changing the process for oxygen delivery. While known methods tend to implement one particular gas separation process, e.g., with the variables being the time spent at each process step, the disclosed valve 10 and assembly 100 allows for use of different variations of the rotor and stator components, and a reprogramming of the stepping motor (via a controller), to affect a different gas separation process control. Further, the rotary control valve 10 and/or module assembly 100 are easily scalable based on the system or environment it is employed in; for example, the valve 10 may be used in systems that are small, portable, and wearable, or system of larger scale, such as stationary or industrial size systems.
  • this one valve 10 replaces the functions of multiple solenoid valves (e.g., up to nine solenoid valves, four on the air side, five on the product side) that are conventionally used in known prior art devices to control these same processes.
  • the inherent symmetry of the design of the rotary control valve 10 leads to symmetrical and equivalent flow rates for both halves of a PSA cycle. Asymmetrical flows of traditional solenoid valves can lead to less than optimum PSA performance, or require compensation via an offsetting control technique, which adds uncertainty and complexity. Also, because the rotary control valve 10 provides both air side and oxygen side valve functions via a single motor, single shaft solution, the air separation process steps of the air side and the oxygen side valves are inherently synchronized, thus overcoming response time and control timing complexity of prior art solenoid valves. Additionally, a lead or lag in opening or closing a port can be designed in, if desired. The valve design allows for the possibility of designing a positive or negative angular offset between the oxygen side and the air side. It also allows for the possibility of partially open and partially closed ports, if so desired.
  • valve 10 used for supplemental oxygen therapy. It could also be used in industrial oxygen concentrators for non-medical use.
  • the rotary control valve 10 may also be employed in other industrial and/or medical applications where a simple, low cost, compact multi-port, multi-function valve designed to separate air and a product gas would be desirable.
  • a number of additional parts may be used with the module assembly 100 in an oxygen concentrator, although they may not have been illustrated or described in detail herein.
  • sensors and other mechanisms may be used with the valve 10 and assembly.
  • a transducer may be connected to the compressor 80 to assist in steps of the different balance processes.
  • the transducer is used to measure a certain amount (e.g., 1 psi) of purge gas used to purge the bed(s).
  • the materials used to form the parts of the rotary valve 10 and/or parts of the module assembly 100 are not intended to be limiting.
  • the housings 20, 21 and any number of its parts may be made of molded plastic. While materials such as plastics (e.g., Teflon) may be used to form or mold the rotors 32, 48, the plates of the stators 34, 50 may be formed from anodized aluminum (and machined to include ports therein). Seals may be formed from rubber, for example.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Modulanordnung (100), die Folgendes umfasst:
    (a) ein Drehsteuerventil (10), das Folgendes umfasst:
    (1) ein Produktende (12), das einen Produktrotor (32) und einen Produktstator (34) umfasst, wobei der Produktrotor mehrere Hohlräume (78A, 78B) enthält, die zur Ausrichtung mit Öffnungen (68, 70) im Produktstator ausgelegt sind,
    (2) ein Luftende (14), das einen Luftrotor (48) umfasst und einen Luftstator (50), wobei der Luftrotor mehrere Hohlräume (92) enthält, die zur Ausrichtung mit Öffnungen (62, 64, 66) im Luftstator ausgelegt sind,
    (3) eine Welle (24), die funktionsmäßig mit dem Produktrotor und dem Luftrotor verbunden ist, und
    (4) einen Motor (22), der dazu ausgelegt ist, die Welle anzutreiben, wobei der Antrieb der Welle dazu ausgelegt ist, den Produktrotor und den Luftrotor relativ zu ihren jeweiligen Statoren so zu drehen, dass die Hohlräume in jedem der Rotoren selektiv mit den Öffnungen in ihren jeweiligen Statoren ausgerichtet werden.
    (b) ein Siebbett-Modul, das zwei Siebbetten (102, 104) umfasst, wobei die Siebbetten dazu ausgelegt sind, mit Öffnungen der Luft und Produktstatoren des Drehsteuerventils fluidisch verbunden zu werden; und
    (c) einen Produktspeichertank (106), der mit dem Drehsteuerventil gekoppelt ist, wobei das Drehsteuerventil von den beiden Siebbetten flankiert wird und wobei der Produktspeichertank linear zu und über dem Drehsteuerventil ausgerichtet ist, um eine gestapelte Konfiguration zu bilden.
  2. Modulanordnung nach Anspruch 1, die ferner einen oberen Verteiler (108) und einen unteren Verteiler (110) umfasst, wobei jeder Verteiler kommunizierende Kanäle (132, 134, 136, 148) zur Fluidverbindung mit dem Drehsteuerventil aufweist, wobei das Drehsteuerventil und die Siebbetten mit dem oberen Verteiler verbunden sind, und der Produktspeichertank und die Siebbetten mit dem oberen Verteiler verbunden sind.
  3. Modulanordnung nach Anspruch 2, die ferner Pfosten (130) umfasst, die sich zwischen dem oberen Verteiler und dem unteren Verteiler erstrecken.
  4. Modulanordnung nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Höhe der gestapelten Konfiguration einschließlich des Produktspeichertanks und des Drehsteuerventils gleich den Höhen der Siebbetten ist.
  5. Verfahren zum Steuern eines Druckwechsel-Adsorptionsprozesses unter Verwendung einer Modulanordnung (100), die einen Produktspeichertank (106) und ein Drehsteuerventil (10) umfasst, das von zwei Siebbetten (102, 104) flankiert wird, wobei das Drehventil ein Produktende umfasst (12) und ein Luftende (14), wobei das Produktende einen Produktrotor (32) und einen Produktstator (34) umfasst und das Luftende einen Luftrotor (48) und einen Luftstator (50) umfasst, wobei der Produktrotor mehrere Hohlräume (78A, 78B) umfasst, die zum Ausrichten mit Öffnungen (62, 64, 66, 68, 70) im Produktstator ausgelegt sind, und wobei der Luftrotor mehrere Hohlräume (92, 78A, 78B) umfasst, die zum Ausrichten mit Öffnungen in dem Luftstator ausgelegt sind, wobei das Drehsteuerventil ferner eine Welle
    (24) umfasst, die funktionsmäßig mit dem Produktrotor und dem Luftrotor verbunden ist; und einen Motor (22), der dazu ausgelegt ist, die Welle anzutreiben; die Siebbetten, die dazu ausgelegt sind, fluidisch verbunden zu werden mit den Öffnungen der Luft- und Produktstatoren des Drehsteuerventils und des Produktspeichertanks, die mit dem Drehsteuerventil gekoppelt und linear zu und über dem Drehsteuerventil ausgerichtet sind, um eine gestapelte Konfiguration zu bilden, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Betreiben des Motors;
    Antreiben der Welle unter Verwendung des Motors;
    Drehen des Produktrotors und des Luftrotors relativ zu ihren jeweiligen Statoren infolge des Antriebs der Welle; und
    selektives Zuführen von Luft zu den Siebbetten und Zuführen von Sauerstoff zum Produkttank, wobei das Drehen des Produktrotors und des Luftrotors selektiv Hohlräume in den Rotoren mit Öffnungen ihrer jeweiligen Statoren ausrichtet, um die Luft selektiv den Siebbetten zuzuführen und dem Produkttank Sauerstoff zuzuführen .
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Motor ein programmierbarer Schrittmotor ist, der dazu ausgelegt ist, die Welle über mehrere Schritte während eines 360-Grad-Zyklus anzutreiben, wobei der Produktrotor und der Luftrotor dazu ausgelegt sind, in unterschiedliche Positionen relativ zu ihren jeweiligen Statoren über den 360-Grad-Zyklus gedreht zu werden , wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    Antreiben der Welle durch die mehreren Stufen während des 360-Grad-Zyklus; und
    Drehen des Produktrotors und des Luftrotors über den 360-Grad-Zyklusin unterschiedliche Positionen relativ zu ihren jeweiligen Statoren, um die Luft selektiv den Siebbetten zuzuführen und dem Produkttank Sauerstoff zuzuführen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Modulanordnung ferner einen oberen Verteiler (108) und einen unteren Verteiler (110) umfasst, wobei jeder Verteiler kommunizierende Kanäle (132, 134, 136, 148) zur Fluidkommunikation mit dem Drehsteuerventil aufweist; wobei das Drehsteuerventil und die Siebbetten mit dem oberen Verteiler verbunden sind und der Produktspeichertank und die Siebbetten mit dem oberen Verteiler verbunden sind und wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    selektive Luftzufuhr zu den Siebbetten und Zufuhr von Sauerstoff zum Produkttank über die kommunizierende Kanäle des oberen Verteilers und des unteren Verteilers.
EP17739890.6A 2016-06-29 2017-06-26 Rotationsventilanordnung für druckwechseladsorptionssystem Active EP3478393B1 (de)

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US201662355960P 2016-06-29 2016-06-29
PCT/EP2017/065649 WO2018001933A1 (en) 2016-06-29 2017-06-26 Rotary valve assembly for pressure swing adsorption system

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US10843120B2 (en) 2020-11-24
WO2018001933A1 (en) 2018-01-04
US20190126189A1 (en) 2019-05-02
EP3478393A1 (de) 2019-05-08

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