EP3462115B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trocknen einer verblendung und verfahren zur anpassung eines trockners zur formung einer vorrichtung zum trocknen einer verblendung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trocknen einer verblendung und verfahren zur anpassung eines trockners zur formung einer vorrichtung zum trocknen einer verblendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3462115B1
EP3462115B1 EP18397529.1A EP18397529A EP3462115B1 EP 3462115 B1 EP3462115 B1 EP 3462115B1 EP 18397529 A EP18397529 A EP 18397529A EP 3462115 B1 EP3462115 B1 EP 3462115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
primary
veneer
roller
rollers
support surface
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EP18397529.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3462115A1 (de
Inventor
Antti WUORISTO
Tomi HEIKKILÄ
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UPM Plywood Oy
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UPM Plywood Oy
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Priority to ES18397529T priority Critical patent/ES2867598T3/es
Priority to PL18397529T priority patent/PL3462115T3/pl
Priority to EP18397529.1A priority patent/EP3462115B1/de
Publication of EP3462115A1 publication Critical patent/EP3462115A1/de
Priority to RU2019137018A priority patent/RU2797091C2/ru
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Publication of EP3462115B1 publication Critical patent/EP3462115B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/122—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of material being carried by transversely moving rollers or rods which may rotate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/14—Veneer, i.e. wood in thin sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices and methods for drying veneers.
  • the invention relates to a method for adapting a dryer to form a device for drying a veneer.
  • a wooden veneer mat is cut from wood, and the veneer mat is dried and cut to veneers.
  • the veneers are stacked on top of each other and attached to each other with some adhesive.
  • the veneer mat may be first dried and thereafter cut to veneers, or the veneer mat may be first cut to veneers and thereafter the veneers may be dried.
  • Dryers for various types of sheet-like materials have been disclosed in the documents US 2007/0107256 , WO 2008/122855 , and US 3,854,220 .
  • the documents US 2,767,485 and DE 3928941 disclose dryers designed for drying wooden veneers.
  • Veneers may be dried in various types of dryers.
  • the most common veneer dryer is the direct-fired or steam- or hot water-heated roller conveyor type.
  • the rollers are generally tubes that transport veneers or form roller pairs that transport veneers between the pairs.
  • wire-mesh conveyors are used, as well as progressive kilns, progressive platen dryers, and perforated drums, with a partial vacuum inside the drums.
  • the present invention relates to a veneer dryer of a roller conveyor type, a method for adapting an existing veneer dryer of a roller conveyor type, and a method for drying a veneer.
  • a roller conveyor type dryer 900 of prior art is depicted, in a side view, in Fig. 1a .
  • the dryer 900 includes multiple pairs of rollers that convey the veneers. In between the pairs of rollers, the veneers are heated in order to dry them. Pairs of rollers may be arranged in multiple different height levels, for example in four levels in Fig. 1a , in order to dry multiple veneers simultaneously. During drying, the veneers move in a longitudinal direction Sx of the dryer 900.
  • the part Ib of Fig. 1a is depicted in more detail in Fig. 1b .
  • the veneers may occasionally tend to propagate to a wrong side of a roller.
  • the veneers are designed to propagate through a first gap 215 in between a first pair 210 of rollers 211, 212 and a second gap 225 in between a second pair 220 of rollers 221, 222; i.e. from "IN” to "OUT".
  • the veneer propagates in between a jet box 311 and a roller 221 forming the second gap 225, as indicated by a dotted arrow in Fig. 1b .
  • This phenomenon causes jamming of the veneer dryer 900. When jamming occurs, at least a level of the dryer may be stopped, and the problem solved by clearing the jam. Thereafter, a subsequent jamming may occur. As a result, in operation, veneer dryer jamming occur at some jamming frequency.
  • the supportive surface is configured to guide the veneer towards a gap in between the rollers.
  • a corresponding device is described in more specific terms in the independent claim 1. Such a device can be manufactured from an existing dryer by applying thereto a suitable guide element, as indicated in independent claim 8. A veneer can be dried by using the device, as indicated in independent method claim 11.
  • Dependent claims disclose most preferable embodiments. The description and figures support the invention and the most preferable embodiments, and disclose further embodiments.
  • the direction Sx denotes a longitudinal direction of the device 100, in which the veneers are conveyed during drying
  • Sy denotes a transversal direction, which is perpendicular to Sx and substantially parallel to rotational axes of the rollers of the roller-conveyor
  • Sz is perpendicular to both Sx and Sy. In typical use, Sz is vertical and reverse to gravitational force.
  • a veneer may occasionally tend to propagate to a wrong side of a roller, in particular a veneer may propagate in between a jet box 311 and the roller 221 as indicated by a dotted arrow in Fig. 1b .
  • This phenomenon may be referred to veneer diving, since due to the phenomenon, a veneer propagates (i.e. dives) to a lower level of the roller conveyor type dryer. As a result, the diving causes jams. Jams are caused in not only the level from which the veneer starts to dive, but also in a level or levels beneath that level. Thus, this phenomenon causes jamming of at least two levels of a dryer 900. Even if this phenomenon is not common, e.g. only a few permilles (a few out of thousand) of the veneers may dive, this phenomenon slows production or temporarily forces to shut down the production to clear the jam.
  • Warping of the veneer is a factor affecting the diving.
  • Warping of the veneers during drying results from at least two factors: uneven drying of the veneers and anisotropic moisture expansion coefficient of the veneers, which are typically made of wood.
  • the drying process is relatively homogeneous, whereby the former aspect may play a less significant role in drying.
  • a moisture content of a veneer will be decreased from a 70% - 160% level to a 2% - 15% level, whereby it is evident that a lot of drying induced contraction takes place.
  • the veneers contract about 7 % at least in the two orientations that are perpendicular to the grain orientation of the wood. In contrast, in the grain orientation, the moisture induced swelling (or drying induced contraction) is much less.
  • different parts of the veneers may absorb different amounts of water, e.g. the annual rings may absorb different amounts of water than the regions in between the rings. Therefore, uneven contraction occurs in the veneers, which also results in warping.
  • Veneer diving being a result of drying has been evidenced in dryers 900 of prior art, in which the diving occurs most often near such roller that the veneers have been dried a lot before the problem occurs.
  • the most critical places are located near the halfway in between an inlet of the device 900 and an outlet of the device 900.
  • moist veneer dries more rapidly than a dry veneer, typically much more than a half of the moisture of a veneer has been evaporated at the most critical point of the dryer 900.
  • the still remaining moisture implies that the veneer is relatively easily bendable.
  • the term critical refers here to such locations in which the risk of veneers diving is the highest.
  • the problem is more prominent when drying wooden veneers than when drying other sheet like material.
  • a dryer 900 typically comprises jet boxes both above and below the veneer, as the veneer passes in between the jet boxes.
  • the air blown out of the jet boxes may also grab the veneer in such a manner that the risk of a veneer diving in the aforementioned manner increases.
  • the thickness of the veneer affect also the risk for diving. Thin veneers bend more easily that thick veneers. Moreover, a thin veneer is more easily bent by the air flows from the jet boxes than a thick veneers. Thus, the problem is more prominent when drying thin veneers than when drying thick veneers.
  • Figures 2a, 3a, and 4a show devices 100 for drying a veneer or veneers.
  • Figures 2b, 3b, and 4b shows, respectively, in detail the parts IIb, IIIb, and IVb of the figures 2a, 3a, and 4a .
  • a device 100 for drying a veneer 111 comprises a first pair 210 of rollers 211, 212.
  • the first pair of rollers 210 is configured to move the veneer 111 in a longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the direction Sx is horizontal.
  • the embodiments are primarily explained with reference to such a use, wherein the direction Sz is vertical and upwards, whereby primary rollers 211, 221 are arranged below secondary rollers 212, 222.
  • the first pair of rollers 210 comprises a first primary roller 211 extending in a direction that is substantially parallel to a transversal direction Sy.
  • the first primary roller 211 has a circular profile that extends in a longitudinal direction of the roller 211.
  • the first primary roller 211 is configured to rotate about an axis that is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller 211.
  • the longitudinal direction of the roller 211 is substantially parallel to a transversal direction Sy, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • An angle between the rotational axis of the roller 211 and the transversal direction Sy may be e.g. at most 1 degrees. Typically the angle is much less, such as at most 0.1 degrees, but at least zero. However, a non-zero angle may be used to guide the veneer 111.
  • the first pair of rollers 210 further comprises a first secondary roller 212 that is substantially parallel to the first primary roller 211.
  • an angle between the rotational axis of the first secondary roller 212 and the rotational axis of the first primary roller 211 may be e.g. at most 0.1 degrees.
  • an angle between the rotational axis of the roller 212 and the transversal direction Sy may be e.g. at most 0.1 degrees.
  • the angle(s) is/are much less, but at least zero.
  • a non-zero angle may be used to guide the veneer 111.
  • a first gap 215 is left in between the rollers 211, 212 of the first pair 210 of rollers.
  • the device 100 further comprises a second pair 220 of rollers 221, 222.
  • the second pair 220 of rollers is arranged a first distance d1 apart from the first pair 210 of rollers in the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the first distance d1 may refer e.g. to the distance between the first gap 215 and a second gap 225.
  • the second pair of rollers 220 comprises a second primary roller 221 extending in a direction that is substantially parallel to a transversal direction Sy.
  • the second primary roller has a circular profile that extends in a longitudinal direction of the roller 221.
  • the roller 221 in configured to rotate about an axis, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller 221. What has been said about the direction of the first primary roller 211 relative to the transversal direction Sy applies to the second primary roller 221 mutatis mutandis.
  • the second pair of rollers 220 further comprises a second secondary roller 222 substantially parallel to the second primary roller 221. What has been said about the direction of the first primary roller 211 relative to the first secondary roller 212 applies to the mutual orientation of the second primary roller 221 and second secondary roller 222 mutatis mutandis. A second gap 225 is left in between the rollers 221, 222 of the second pair 220 of rollers.
  • the gaps 215, 225 extend in a direction that is substantially parallel to the transversal direction Sy and are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the first gap 215 and the second gap 225 define a planar design trajectory T for the veneer 111.
  • a veneer 111 is designed to propagate along the planar design trajectory T from the first gap 215 to the second gap 225.
  • the planar design trajectory T comprises a central line of the first gap 215, and further comprises a central line of the second gap 225.
  • the central lines of the gaps 215, 225 propagate in substantially the transversal direction Sy.
  • the first primary roller 211 and the second primary roller 221 are left on a primary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the first secondary roller 212 and the second secondary roller 222 are left on a secondary side, different side, of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the device 100 in order to heat and dry the veneer 111, the device 100 comprises a first primary jet box 311. At least a part of the first primary jet box 311 is arranged in between the first primary roller 211 and the second primary roller 221. At least a part of the first primary jet box 311 is arranged on the primary side of the of the planar design trajectory T. Preferably the whole first primary jet box 311 is arranged on the primary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the first primary jet box 311 has a primary support surface 313.
  • the primary support surface 313 is configured to support the veneer 111 in use of the device 100; i.e. it is configured to guide the veneer 111 in the use.
  • the primary support surface 313 is configured to support the veneer 111 (i.e. configured to guide the veneer 111) in such a way that the probability of the veneer 111 diving to a wrong side of the second primary roller 221 (i.e. in between the first primary jet box 311 and the second primary roller 221) is reduced.
  • the primary support surface 313 is configured to guide the veneer 111 towards the second gap 225.
  • the primary support surface 313 of the first primary jet box 313 is configured to prevent the penetration of the veneer 111 in between the first primary jet box 313 and the second primary roller 221.
  • the first primary jet box 311 is configured to feed gaseous drying medium 120 through the primary support surface 313 towards the planar design trajectory T.
  • neither the primary support surface 313 nor the first primary jet box 311 intersects with the planar design trajectory T.
  • the whole primary support surface 313 is arranged on the primary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the primary support surface 313 may intersect with the planar design trajectory T.
  • Heated air is typically used as the gaseous drying medium 120.
  • the gaseous drying medium may comprise humidity and some volatile compounds evaporated from veneers.
  • the first pair of rollers 210, the second pair of rollers 220, and the primary support surface 313 of the first primary jet box 311 are arranged relative to each other as follows:
  • the first gap 215 and the primary support surface 313 define a primary imaginary plane P1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 is defined such that a central line of the first gap 215, which propagates in substantially the transversal direction Sy, belongs to the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • Another point or line also defines the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • the other point or line is selected such that (i) the primary imaginary plane P1 makes a contact with the primary support surface 313 and (ii) an angle ⁇ 1 between the primary imaginary plane P1 and the planar design trajectory T is minimized.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 makes a contact with the primary support surface 313 and (ii) the primary imaginary plane P1 does not penetrate the primary support surface 313.
  • other point or line is selected as an extreme point of the primary support surface 313, as indicated in Figs. 2b and 4b .
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 thus defined may
  • the first and second options indicate that the veneer 111 is guided towards the second gap 225 as indicated in Figs. 2f and 2e .
  • these alternatives involve the support surface 313 being so close to the planar design trajectory T that the support surface 313 may hinder the propagation of the veneers. This happens in particular, when both primary 313 and secondary 314 support surfaces are present, as they commonly are.
  • the two intersection 111 and 121 lines are defined such that the first primary intersection line 111 is closer to the first primary jet box 311 than the second primary intersection line 121, as indicated in the Figures, especially 2b and 4b.
  • the surface of the second primary roller 221 has a tangent plane TP1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects the tangent plane TP1, whereby the intersection defines four angles: two angles on a first side of P1, separated from each other by TP1, and two angles on a second side of P1, separated from each other by TP1.
  • a primary angle ⁇ 1 opens towards the planar design trajectory T and the first pair 210 or rollers.
  • the primary angle ⁇ 1 is arranged in between a primary side of the primary imaginary plane P1 and a primary side of the tangent plane TP1, wherein at least a part of the first secondary roller 212 is arranged on the primary side of the primary imaginary plane P1 and on the primary side of the tangent plane TP1.
  • the primary angle ⁇ 1 is responsible for the underlying problem. In case the primary angle ⁇ 1 is small, e.g. 90 degrees or even less, the problem seems to likely occur. However, when the primary angle angle ⁇ 1 is larger, the probability of the veneer diving is significantly reduced. Therefore, the primary angle ⁇ 1 is at least 115 degrees. In some embodiments of the invention the primary angle angle ⁇ 1 is more than 120 degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees. It has been observed that, the greater the primary angle ⁇ 1, the less the jamming frequency.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 may intersect the surface of the second primary roller 221 in one intersection line I11 only.
  • the jet box 311 should not be arranged at such a low position, that the secondary rollers 222 and 221 would be on a same side of the plane P1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects the surface of the second primary roller 221 in one intersection line I11 only
  • the second primary roller 221 is arranged on a first side of the primary imaginary plane P1 and the second secondary roller 222 is arranged on a second, opposite, side of the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 is arranged in between the second primary roller 221 and the second secondary roller 222.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 does not intersect a surface of the second primary roller 221.
  • the second rollers 221, 222 are arranged on different sides of the plane P1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 is arranged in between the second primary roller 221 and the second secondary roller 222. Therefore, in an embodiment, primary imaginary plane P1 does not intersect a surface of the second primary roller 221, the second primary roller 221 is arranged on a first side of the primary imaginary plane P1 and the second secondary roller 222 is arranged on a second, opposite, side of the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 does not intersect a surface of the second primary roller 221, but intersects a surface of the second secondary roller 222.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 does not intersect a surface of the second primary roller 221 and the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects a surface of the second secondary roller 222, preferably, a minority of the second secondary roller 222 is arranged on the same side of the primary imaginary plane P1 as the second primary roller 221.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 does not intersect a surface of the second primary roller 221
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects a surface of the second secondary roller 222
  • the second primary roller 221 is arranged on a first side of the primary imaginary plane P1
  • at most 33%, at most 25 %, or at most 10 % of the second secondary roller 222 is arranged on the first side of the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 may be e.g. at least minus 5 degrees, at least minus 1 degree, or at least zero. The convention for the sign of the angle ⁇ 1 is discussed below.
  • the planar design trajectory T is defined by the first gap 215 and the second gap 225 such that the first primary roller 211 and the second primary roller 221 are arranged on a primary side of the planar design trajectory T; and the first secondary roller 212 and the second secondary roller 222 are arranged on a secondary side, different side, of the planar design trajectory T. Moreover, a line of the primary imaginary plane P1 is arranged in the first gap 215. Referring to Fig.
  • the positive direction of the angle ⁇ 1 between the primary imaginary plane P1 and the planar design trajectory T, which angle ⁇ 1 is minimized, is selected such that if the primary imaginary plane P1 is turned about the first gap 215 at the location of the second gap 225 in a direction that is directed from the second secondary roller 222 towards the second primary roller 221, the angle ⁇ 1 increases.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the primary imaginary plane P1 and the planar design trajectory may be negative.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the primary imaginary plane P1 and the planar design trajectory T is at least zero.
  • at least a part of the second primary roller 221 is arranged on a first side of the primary imaginary plane P1 and the whole second secondary roller 222 is arranged on a second, opposite, side of the primary imaginary plane P1.
  • a support surface 314 of the first secondary jet box 312 is configured to prevent the penetration of the veneer 111 in between the first secondary jet box 312 and the second secondary roller 222, i.e. configured to guide the veneer towards the second gap 225.
  • the device 100 comprises a first secondary jet box 312
  • at least a part of the first secondary jet box 312 is arranged on the secondary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the whole first secondary jet box 312, including the support surface 314 is arranged on the secondary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the first secondary jet box 312 of device 100 comprises a secondary support surface 314 and is configured to feed gaseous drying medium 120 through the secondary support surface 314 towards the planar design trajectory T. At least a part of the secondary support surface 314 is arranged on the secondary side of the planar design trajectory T. Moreover, in an embodiment, the whole secondary support surface 314 is arranged on the secondary side of the planar design trajectory T. Thus, in an embodiment, neither the second support surface 314 nor the first secondary jet box 312 intersects with the planar design trajectory T.
  • the first pair of rollers 210, the second pair of rollers 220, and the secondary support surface 314 of the first secondary jet box 312 are arranged as follows:
  • a secondary imaginary plane P2 is defined by the first gap 215 and the secondary support surface 314 in such way that (i) the secondary imaginary plane P2 makes a contact with the secondary support surface 314 and (ii) an angle ⁇ 2 between the secondary imaginary plane P2 and the planar design trajectory T is minimized.
  • the positive direction of the angle ⁇ 2 is reverse to the positive direction of the angle ⁇ 1 discussed in detail above.
  • the secondary imaginary plane P2 thus defined (i) does not intersect a surface of the second secondary roller 222, as indicated in Fig.
  • a secondary angle ⁇ 2 which is left in between the secondary imaginary plane P2 and a tangent plane TP2 of the second secondary roller 222 at the first secondary intersection line I12 and opens towards the planar design trajectory T and the first pair 210 of rollers, is at least 115 degrees.
  • the secondary angle ⁇ 2 may be more than 120 degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees.
  • the secondary angle ⁇ 2 equals the primary angle ⁇ 1.
  • the device 100 comprises both the first primary jet box 311 arranged in between the primary rollers 211 and 221 and the first secondary jet box 312 arranged in between the secondary rollers 212 and 222, it suffices that only the primary angle ⁇ 1 is large, as detailed above, while the secondary angle ⁇ 2 may be smaller and even smaller than the aforementioned 115 degrees. However, in such a solution diving is reduced only on the primary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the arrangement of the rollers 211, 212, 221, 222 and jet boxes 311, 312 including the support surfaces 313, 314 is symmetric about the planar design trajectory T.
  • the shape of the primary support surface 313 preferably does not comprise protrusions or similar, which could prevent the movement of the veneer.
  • the shape of the primary support surface 313 (and also the secondary support surface 314, if applicable) is preferable such that it does not prevent free propagation of the veneer 111. Therefore, preferable, the primary support surface 313 does not comprise such a part that (i) a length of the part is more than 5 mm, (ii) a width of the part is more than 5 mm, and (ii) a normal of the part forms an angle of less than 10 degrees with the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • primary support surface 313 is free from steps.
  • secondary support surface 314, if present in the device 100, is free from steps as detailed above.
  • first primary roller 211 is arranged below the first secondary roller 212; and the second primary roller 221 is arranged below the second secondary roller 222.
  • the device 100 preferably comprises more than two pairs of rollers.
  • the device 100 comprises a third pair 230 of rollers.
  • the third pair 230 of rollers is arranged a third distance d3 apart from the first pair 210 of rollers in the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the third distance d3 may refer e.g. to the distance between the first gap 215 and a third gap 235 of the third pair 230 of rollers.
  • the first pair of rollers 210 is arranged in between the second pair of rollers 220 and the third pair of rollers 230.
  • the second pair of rollers 220 is arranged in between the first pair of rollers 210 and the third pair of rollers 230.
  • the third distance d3 may be equal to the first distance d1, but need not be.
  • the distance d3 is more than the distance d1, and is preferably twice the first distance d1.
  • the third pair of rollers 230 comprises a third primary roller 231 extending in a direction that is substantially parallel to a transversal direction Sy.
  • the third primary roller 231 has a circular profile that extends in a longitudinal direction of the roller 231.
  • the roller 231 is configured to rotate about an axis, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller 231. What has been said about the direction of the first primary roller 211 relative to the transversal direction Sy applies to the third primary roller 231 mutatis mutandis.
  • the third pair of rollers 230 further comprises a third secondary roller 232 substantially parallel to the third primary roller 231.
  • a third gap 235 is left in between the rollers 231, 232 of the third pair 230 of rollers.
  • the third primary roller 231 is left on the primary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the third secondary roller 232 is left on the secondary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the planar design trajectory T penetrates the third gap 235.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 2g or 2h further comprises a second primary jet box 321.
  • At least a part of the second primary jet box 321 is arranged in between two neighbouring primary rollers, such as between the first primary roller 211 and the third primary roller 231 as in Fig. 2g , or between the second primary roller 221 and the third primary roller 231 as in Fig. 2h .
  • At least a part of the second primary jet box 321 is arranged on the primary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the whole second primary jet box 321 is arranged on the primary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the second primary jet box 321 has a second primary support surface 323.
  • the second primary support surface 323 is configured to support the veneer 111 (i.e. configured to guide the veneer 111) in such a way that the probability of the veneer diving to a wrong side of a primary roller is reduced.
  • the second primary support surface 323 may be configured to guide the veneer 111 towards a subsequent gap (e.g. the gap 215 in Fig. 2g ).
  • a subsequent gap e.g. the gap 215 in Fig. 2g.
  • the third pair of rollers 230 may be arranged, in the longitudinal direction Sx, before the first pair of rollers 210, or after the second pair of rollers 220.
  • the numbering of the pairs of rollers is such that in between the first pair 210 of rollers and the second pair 220 of rollers, no other pair of rollers is arranged. More specifically, the device is free from such a pair (e.g. 230) of rollers that
  • the first primary jet box 311 is next to the first primary roller 211 and the second primary roller 221.
  • no roller is arranged in between the first primary jet box 311 and the first primary roller 211.
  • no roller is arranged in between the first primary jet box 311 and the second primary roller 221.
  • the device when the device comprises the third pair 230 of rollers, the device may comprise a second secondary jet box, of which at least a part arranged in between two neighbouring secondary rollers (e.g. 232 and 212; or 212 and 232), and of which least a part is arranged on the secondary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • a second secondary jet box of which at least a part arranged in between two neighbouring secondary rollers (e.g. 232 and 212; or 212 and 232), and of which least a part is arranged on the secondary side of the of the planar design trajectory T.
  • a preferable shape of the primary support surface can further be defined in terms of distances.
  • the second gap 225 is arranged a first distance d1 apart from the first gap 215.
  • the first distance d1 may be e.g. from 200 mm to 700 mm, such as from 300 mm to 600 mm.
  • the primary support surface 313 is dividable to a front part 313f and a rear part 313r by a division plane DP.
  • the division plane DP has a normal that is parallel to the longitudinal direction Sx; i.e. the normal of DP is to the direction Sx.
  • the division plane DP is arranged a second distance d2 apart from the first gap 215.
  • the second distance d2 is at least one third (1/3) and at most two thirds (2/3) of the first distance d1, such as a half (1/2) of the first distance d1.
  • the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 is closer to the first pair 210 of rollers than to the second pair 220 of rollers.
  • the rear part 313r is closer to the second pair 220 of rollers than to the first pair 210 of rollers.
  • the primary support surface 313 is shaped such that a minimum distance dr1 between the rear part 313r of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T is less than a minimum distance df1 between the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • the minimum distance dr1 between the rear part 313r of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T is at least 3 mm, such as at least 5 mm or at least 10 mm smaller than the minimum distance df1 between the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • the minimum distance dr1 may be e.g. at least 0 mm.
  • the minimum distance dr1 is at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm.
  • the minimum distance dr1 is, in an embodiment, at most 30 mm, such as at most 25 mm.
  • the distance dr1 may be e.g. from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • df1 may be e.g. from 15 mm to 50 mm, preferably from 20 mm to 35 mm.
  • a front edge of the primary support surface 313 is configured to guide the veneer.
  • the front edge of the primary support surface 313 only comprises a inner angle ⁇ ( Figs. 2b and 2d ) or inner angles ⁇ ( Fig. 11b ) that are more than 90 degrees.
  • the front edge refers to such an edge or edges of the front part 313f of primary support surface 313 that are arranged close to both the first pair of rollers 210 and close to the planar design trajectory T.
  • a distance dfl between a leading edge of the front part 314f of the primary support surface 314 and the planar design trajectory T is greater than a distance dft between (i) the intersection of the division plane DP and the primary support surface 314 and (ii) the planar design trajectory T.
  • the distance dfl is at least 5 mm greater than the distance dft.
  • the difference dfl-dft may be from 5 mm to 15 mm.
  • the primary support surface 313 may be so shaped irrespective of there being a secondary support surface 314 and a shape thereof.
  • the device 100 comprises a first secondary jet box 312, of which at least a part is arranged in between the first secondary roller 212 and the second secondary roller 222, wherein the first secondary jet box 312 comprises the secondary support surface 314.
  • the first secondary jet box 312 is configured to feed gaseous drying medium 120 through the secondary support surface 314 towards the planar design trajectory T.
  • neither the second support surface 314 nor the first secondary jet box 312 intersects with the planar design trajectory T.
  • the secondary support surface 314 is dividable to a front part 314f and a rear part 314r by the division plane DP, such that the front part 314f of the secondary support surface 314 is closer to the first pair 210 of rollers than to the second pair 220 of rollers. Moreover, a minimum distance dr2 between the rear part 314r of the secondary support surface 314 and the planar design trajectory T is less than a minimum distance df2 between the front part 314f of the secondary support surface 314 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • the minimum distance dr2 between the rear part 314r of the secondary support surface 314 and the planar design trajectory T is at least 3 mm, such as at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm smaller than the minimum distance df2 between the front part 314f of the secondary support surface 314 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • the minimum distance dr2 may be e.g. at least 0 mm, at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm.
  • the minimum distance dr2 is, in an embodiment, at most 30 mm, such as at most 25 mm.
  • the minimum distance dr2 may be e.g. from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • the distance df2 may be e.g. from 15 mm to 50 mm, preferably from 20 mm to 35 mm.
  • Figure 2d also indicates a distance ddv between the second primary roller 221 and the first primary jet box 311.
  • the distance ddv is thus a length (e.g. in the direction Sx as in Fig. 2d or other direction as in Fig. 2e ) of such a gap through which the (undesired) diving of the veneer occurs, if it occurs.
  • the distance ddv is large, the diving becomes more probable, unless prevented by suitably large primary angle ⁇ 1.
  • the distance ddv is too small, safety risks rise. For example if ddv is small, dust may accumulate in between the second primary roller 221 and the first primary jet box 311, and the friction between the rotating roller 221 and the dust may heat or even light the dust.
  • the distance ddv is from 5 mm to 30 mm, such as from 5 to 20 mm, or from 5 mm to 10 mm.
  • the distance ddv is from 5 mm to 30 mm and the primary angle ⁇ 1 is at least 115 degrees, more than 120 degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees. More preferably, the distance ddv is from 5 mm to 20 mm and the primary angle ⁇ 1 at least 115 degrees, more than 120 degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees. Even more preferably, the distance ddv is from 5 mm to 10 mm and the primary angle ⁇ 1 at least 115 degrees, more than 120 degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees.
  • surfaces of the first primary roller 211, second primary roller 221, first secondary roller 212 and second secondary roller 222 are configured to contact the veneer 111 in use, in order to move the veneer 111 in the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • a thickness of the veneers is at least 0.5 mm. Therefore, in an embodiment, a minimum distance gh1 (see Fig. 2b ) between the outer surfaces of the first primary roller 211 and the first secondary roller 212 is at most 3.5 mm, such as from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm or from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the minimum distance gh1 refers also to a height of the first gap 215.
  • a minimum distance gh2 between the outer surfaces of the second primary roller 221 and the second secondary roller 222 is at most 3.5 mm, such as from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm or from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the minimum distance gh2 refers also to a height of the second gap 225 (see Fig. 2b ).
  • the gaseous drying medium 120 may be circulated in the device. However, air as such may, in the alternative, be used as the gaseous drying medium. Air may also be mixed with circulated gas.
  • a moisture content of the gaseous drying medium 120 is at most 600 g/m 3 , wherein the moisture content is controlled by releasing gaseous drying medium and taking in air to compensate for the release of the gaseous drying medium. This is a sufficiently low humidity that dries the veneers, at least in the temperature range that will be presented below.
  • the moisture content of the gaseous drying medium 120 is at least 200 g/m 3 . A drier gas would result in only a small amount of the gas to be circulated, which would increase heating costs.
  • the device 100 comprises a heat exchanger arrangement 132 configured to heat the gaseous drying medium 120, such as gaseous drying medium 120 comprising air, using a heat exchange medium, such as steam.
  • the heat exchanger arrangement 132 may be arranged in an upper part of the device 100.
  • the heat exchange medium is not shown in Fig. 5 .
  • the steam i.e. the heat exchange medium
  • the pressure of the saturated steam may be e.g. from 10 bar to 20 bar, e.g. from 14 bar to 16 bar, to ensure a proper temperature for the gaseous drying medium 120.
  • the heat exchanger arrangement 132 comprises at least one heat exchanger.
  • the device 100 further comprises a blower arrangement 134 configured to drive the gaseous drying medium 120 through the heat exchanger arrangement 132 and at least the primary support surface 313.
  • the gaseous drying medium may be conveyed in a channel 121.
  • the blower arrangement 134 is configured to drive the gaseous drying medium 120 through the heat exchanger arrangement 132 and also through the secondary support surface 314 of the first secondary jet box 312.
  • the blower arrangement 134 comprises at least one blower.
  • the device 100 for drying a veneer may be made by adapting an existing dryer 900.
  • at least a primary guide element 315 is used to modify an existing surface, which may support a veneer. Therefore, in an embodiment of the device 100, at least a part of the primary support surface 313 is a surface of a primary guide element 315 that is made from a metal plate having a thickness of at least 1.5 mm. Preferably, a thickness of the primary guide element 315 is from 1.5 mm to 5 mm, such as from 1.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • Figures 6a and 6b show, as a top view, the primary rollers 211 and 221, and the primary jet box 311, of which primary guide surface 313 is shown in the top view.
  • the primary guide surface 313 may limit apertures 317 for feeding the gaseous drying medium 120 through the primary support surface 313.
  • the primary support surface may be a top surface of a primary guide element 315.
  • the primary guide surface 313 may comprise fingers e.g. in the rear part 313r. In between the fingers, slots 318 are arranged for feeding the gaseous drying medium 120 through the primary support surface 313.
  • the primary support surface may be a top surface of a primary guide element 315.
  • the front part 313f may be e.g. welded to a jet box. Other possibilities for fixing a guide element 315 to the jet box 311 will be discussed below. What has been said about the apertures and slots of the primary support surface 313 applies to the secondary support surface 314 mutatis mutandis.
  • the device 100 comprises a first sensor 142 configured to determine a moisture content of a veneer that has not passed through the device 100.
  • the veneer, of which moisture content is measured may be the veneer 111 that is later dried with the device. However, it need not be.
  • a moisture content of a different veneer or different veneers may be considered to represent the moisture content of the veneer 111 to be dried.
  • the device comprises a second sensor 144 configured to determine a moisture content of a veneer that has been dried, i.e. has passed through the device 100.
  • the veneer, of which moisture content is measured may be the veneer 111 that has been dried with the device.
  • a moisture content of a different veneer or different veneers may be considered to represent an estimate for the remaining moisture of the veneer 111 to be dried, if process parameters are not adjusted.
  • the device may comprise the second sensor 144 even if it does not comprise the first sensor 142.
  • the information on one of the moisture contents or on both the moisture contents may be applied to control the drying process. For example, if the moisture content (after drying) is too high, or the moisture content (before drying) is higher than a design value, drying may be enhanced. Drying may be enhanced by slowing down the rollers, i.e. decreasing their angular velocity, whereby the veneers have more time to dry as they pass through the device 100.
  • a temperature of the gaseous drying medium 120 may be increased. This may be done e.g. by increasing the flow of the heat exchange medium through the heat exchanger 132.
  • the gas circulation within the device 100 may be increased. This may be done e.g. by increasing the flow of gas 120 by the blower arrangement 134.
  • the device 100 comprises a control unit 146 that is configured control at least one of (i) a rotational speed of the first primary roller 211, (ii) a temperature of the drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the drying medium 120.
  • the control is automated.
  • the control unit 146 is configured to receive a signal from at least one of the first sensor 142 and the second sensor 144 and to control, by using the signal(s), at least one of at least one of (i) a rotational speed of the first primary roller 211, (ii) a temperature of the drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the drying medium 120.
  • the device 100 comprises a temperature sensor 147 configured to measure a temperature in the device 100, in particular a temperature of the circulating gaseous drying medium 120.
  • the device 100 comprises a humidity sensor 148 configured to measure a humidity inside the device 100, in particular a humidity of the circulating gaseous drying medium 120. Also the signal/signals of at least one of these sensors (147, 148) can be used to control at least one of the aforementioned quantities.
  • control unit 146 is configured to receive a signal from at least one of the temperature sensor 147 and the humidity sensor 148 and to control, by using the signal(s), at least one of at least one of (i) a rotational speed of the first primary roller 211, (ii) a temperature of the drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the drying medium 120.
  • the signals from the first 142 and/or second 144 sensor can be used in addition to the signal(s) from the temperature and/or humidity sensor (147, 148).
  • a signal from the humidity sensor 148 is used to control the amount of gaseous drying medium released from the circulation, in order to maintain the moisture content at the level discussed above.
  • the control unit 146 is configured to receive a signal from the humidity sensor 148 and to control, by using the signal(s), to control the amount of gaseous drying medium released from the circulation.
  • the device 100 can be used to dry different veneers 111 subsequently and separately. Moreover, different levels of the device can be used to dry different veneers simultaneously.
  • an embodiment of the device 100 comprises a stopper-lifter arrangement 152 that is configured to arrange the first veneer 111 and another, second, veneer 112 in a partial overlap.
  • the stopper-lifter arrangement 152 may be a single element that simultaneously stops the movement of the second veneer 112 and lifts a rear part of the first veneer 111.
  • the stopper-lifter arrangement 152 is in the position to stop the second veneer 112 and lift a rear part of the first veneer 111.
  • the stopper-lifter arrangement 152 may first rise the rear part of the first veneer 111, and thereafter allow the movement of the second veneer 112 to partial overlap with the first veneer 111. When the stopper-lifter arrangement 152 is lowered, also the second veneer 112 may continue to move in the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the stopper-lifter arrangement 152 is configured to arrange the first veneer 111 and the second veneer 112 to overlap a length Lo of from 20 mm to 50 mm, wherein the length Lo is measured in the direction Sx of movement of the veneers.
  • the device 100 may made by adapting a dryer 900 (i.e. an existing dryer 900).
  • a dryer 900 is shown in Figs. 1a and 1b .
  • Fig. 7b shows a part of a dryer in a manner similar to Fig. 1b .
  • a dryer 900 comprises a first pair 210 of rollers configured to move the veneer in a longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the first pair 210 of rollers comprises a first primary roller 211 extending in a direction that is substantially parallel to a transversal direction Sy and a first secondary roller 212 substantially parallel to the first primary roller 211, whereby a first gap 215 is left in between the a first primary roller 211 and the first secondary roller 212.
  • the existing dryer 900 further comprises a second pair 220 of rollers arranged in the longitudinal direction Sx from the first pair 210 of rollers.
  • the second pair 220 of rollers comprises a second primary roller 221 extending in a direction that is substantially parallel to the transversal direction Sy, and a second secondary roller 222 substantially parallel to the second primary roller 221, whereby a second gap 225 is left in between the second primary roller 221 and the second secondary roller 222.
  • the existing dryer 900 what has been said about the rollers of the device 100 of the invention applies for the existing dryer 900.
  • the first gap 215 and the second gap 225 of the existing dryer 900 define a planar design trajectory T for the veneer 111 (not shown in Fib. 1b, but shown e.g. in Fig. 7a ).
  • a first distance d1 is left in between the gaps 215, 225.
  • the existing dryer 900 further comprises a first primary jet box 311 arranged in between the first primary roller 211 and the second primary roller 221, having an existing primary surface 313o (see Fig. 7a ), and configured to feed gaseous drying medium 120 through the existing primary surface 313o towards the planar design trajectory T.
  • the primary rollers 211, 221 and the first primary jet box 311, including the existing primary surface 313o, are arranged on a primary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the secondary rollers 212, 222 are arranged on a secondary (different) side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • a minimum distance do1 between the existing primary surface 313o and the planar design trajectory T is from 15 mm to 50 mm, more typically from 20 to 40 mm.
  • the method for adapting the existing dryer 900 comprises arranging available a primary guide element 315. What has been said about the materials and thicknesses of the guide element 315 in the context of the device 100 applies in the context of the method for adapting the existing dryer 900.
  • An example of such a guide element is shown in Fig. 7b . Referring to Fig.
  • the method comprises attaching the primary guide element 315 to the first primary jet box 311 in such a way that (i) a surface of the primary guide element 315 or (ii) a surface of the primary guide element 315 in combination with a part of the existing primary surface 313o forms such a primary support surface 313 of the adapted device that has the properties as described above for the primary support surface 313 of the device 100 for drying a veneer 111.
  • a primary imaginary plane P1 is defined by the first gap 215 and the primary support surface 313 in such way that (i) the primary imaginary plane P1 makes a contact with the primary support surface 313 and (ii) an angle ⁇ 1 between the primary imaginary plane P1 and the planardesign trajectory T is minimized.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects the surface the second primary roller 221 at one intersection line I11 only. In another embodiment the primary imaginary plane does not intersect the surface the second primary roller 221.
  • the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects a surface the second primary roller 221 at a first primary intersection line I11 and at a second primary intersection line I21, wherein the first primary intersection line I11 is closer to the first primary jet box 311 than the second primary intersection line I21.
  • a primary angle ⁇ 1 that is left in between the primary imaginary plane P1 and a tangent plane TP1 of the second primary roller 221 at the first primary intersection line I11 and opens towards the planar design trajectory T and the first pair 210of rollers is at least 115 degrees, such as more than 120degrees, more than 125 degrees, or at least 135 degrees.
  • at least a part of the primary support surface 313 is left on the primary side of the planar design trajectory T.
  • the whole primary support surface 313 is left on the primary side of the planar design trajectory T. Further details of the positive direction of the angle ⁇ 1 have been discussed above in the context of the device 100. Moreover, further details regarding the cases where the primary imaginary plane P1 intersects the surface the second primary roller 221 at one intersection line I11 only or does not intersect the surface the second primary roller 221 have been discussed above in the context of the device 100.
  • a preferable embodiment comprises selecting the shape of the primary guide element 315 such that also the features discussed above for the minimum distances dr1 and df1 apply.
  • an embodiment comprises attaching the primary guide element 315 to the primary jet box 311 in such a way that the features discussed above for the minimum distances dr1 and df1 apply.
  • an embodiment comprises selecting the shape of the primary guide element 315 such that, or attaching the primary guide element 315 to the primary jet box 311, in such a way that the primary support surface 313 is dividable to a front part 313f and a rear part 313r by a division plane DP that has a normal that is parallel to the longitudinal direction Sx and that is arranged a second distance d2 apart from the first gap 215, wherein the second distance d2 is at least one third and at most two thirds of the first distance d1, such as half of the first distance d1, and wherein the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 is closer to the first pair 210 of rollers than to the second pair 220 of rollers.
  • the guide element 315 is selected and/or attached in such a way that a minimum distance dr1 between the rear part 313r of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T is less than a minimum distance df1 between the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • a minimum distance dr1 between the rear part 313r of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T is less than a minimum distance df1 between the front part 313f of the primary support surface 313 and the planar design trajectory T.
  • a planar guide element 315 is used such that it is parallel to the planar design trajectory T. As indicated in Fig. 7d , if may suffice that a gap in between the second primary roller 221 and the primary jet box 311 is made narrower by the guide element 315 to increase the angle ⁇ 1 to a sufficient level as discussed above. However, depending on the distance of the primary jet box 311 from the planar design trajectory 311 it is possible that a planar and parallel guide element 315 does not suffice.
  • the primary guide element 315 even if a planar guide element 315 as in Fig. 7d , makes the distance dr1 (see Fig. 2c ) of the rear part of the primary support surface 313 to be less than the distance do1 (see Fig. 7a ), which simultaneously increases the primary angle ⁇ 1. Therefore, even if preferably values for the distance dr1 were presented in connection with there being also a smaller distance df1, it is noted that the preferable values for dr1 apply also in case the primary support surface 313 is planar and parallel to the design trajectory T.
  • the guide element 315 may be fixed on top of the jet box 311 of the existing dryer, as indicated in Fig. 7d .
  • the guide element 315 may be fixed to a front side of the jet box 311 of the existing dryer, as indicated in Fig. 7c . Even if not shown, a guide element 315 may be fixed to a rear side of the jet box 311 of the existing dryer.
  • a guide element may be fixed to an end of a the jet box 311 of the existing dryer. An end here refers to such a side of the jet box 311, of which normal is to the transversal direction Sy.
  • the supportive surface 313 may be a surface of a plate, which plate may be separated from the existing primary surface 313o.
  • the device 100 may comprise a holder 316 for the guide element 315.
  • the guide element 315 may be fixed to the jet box 311 in a detachable manner, i.e. such that the guide element 315 can be detached from the device without tools, or e.g. by opening at least a screw.
  • a solution may help to clear a jam.
  • the guide element 315 could be detached from the device 100 for clearing the jam.
  • the jet box 311 and the holder 316 in combination, form a slot, to which the guide element can be slid in the transversal direction Sy.
  • the solution of Fig. 7g can be used to adapt an existing dryer, or the solution may be applied when manufacturing a new device 100 for drying a veneer.
  • the existing dryer 900 comprises a secondary jet box 312 having an existing secondary surface 314o such that the planar design trajectory T is arranged in between the existing primary surface 313o of the primary jet box 311 and the existing secondary surface 314o of the secondary jet box 312, preferably a secondary guide element 315s (see Fig. 8b ) is attached to the secondary jet box 312 as indicated in Fig. 8b .
  • a secondary guide surface 314 of the adapted device is formed.
  • a method for drying at least a first veneer 111 is performed.
  • Such a method comprises arranging available a device 100 for drying a veneer 111 (i.e. a first veneer 111) as discussed above.
  • the device 100 may be adapted from a dryer 900 using a guide element 315.
  • the method comprises (i) feeding the first veneer 111 through the first gap 215 of the first pair 210 of rollers in the longitudinal direction Sx, (ii) feeding gaseous drying medium 120 through the primary support surface 313 towards the planar design trajectory T and conveying the first veneer 111 alongside the first primary jet box 311 (i.e. alongside the primary support surface 313) in order to dry the first veneer 111, and (iii) conveying the first veneer 111 through the second gap 225 of the second pair 220 of rollers.
  • the rollers 211, 212, 221, and 222 are rotated as indicated by the arrows e.g. in Figs. 2b, 3b, and 4b , in order to drive the first veneer 111.
  • the veneer 111 may be used in plywood manufacturing. As indicated above, the technical problem has been observed to be more prominent in case thin veneers are dried than in case thick veneers are dried. Therefore, preferably, the first veneer 111 comprises wood and a thickness of the first veneer 111 is at most 3.5 mm, such as from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, such as from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. This thickness corresponds to the heights gh1, gh2 of the gaps 215, 225 of the device 100; however, the height gh1, gh2 of the gap(s) may me somewhat less than the thickness of the veneer 111. More preferably, the first veneer is not coated at the time of drying.
  • the first veneer and/or the log from which it has been turned may have been soaked with some liquid, such as water comprising impurities.
  • the first veneer consists of wood and has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 3.5 mm, such as from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises hardwood than in case the first veneer 111 comprises softwood. Therefore, in an embodiment, the first veneer 111 comprises hardwood.
  • the term hardwood refers to wood from angiosperms, such as ash, aspen, basswood, birch, cherry, hickory, mahogany, maple, oak, poplar, lauan, teak, rosewood, okume, and meranti; in particular birch. This may be due to different warping of softwood and hardwood during drying.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises hardwood, such as birch, and a thickness of the veneer 111 is from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises birch.
  • the first veneer 111 consists of hardwood. In an embodiment the first veneer 111 consists of birch. However, the method can be used to dry softwood.
  • the term softwood refers to wood from coniferous trees, such as spruce, pine, fir, and hemlock; in particular to spruce.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises spruce. In an embodiment the first veneer 111 comprises spruce. In an embodiment the first veneer 111 comprises softwood, such as spruce, and a thickness of the veneer 111 is from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises birch or spruce. In an embodiment the first veneer 111 comprises birch or spruce and a thickness of the veneer 111 is from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.
  • the first veneer 111 is anisotropic.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises wood
  • the first veneer 111 is anisotropic.
  • the bending stiffness of the first veneer 111 is less, when bent about an axis that is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to a grain direction of the wood of the first veneer 111, than when bent about an axis that is perpendicular to the grain direction. Therefore, referring to Fig. 9 the first veneer 111 is preferably fed to the device 100 in such a way that the grain direction G is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the higher bending stiffness of the veneer when bent about the transversal direction Sy than when bent about the longitudinal direction Sx, in its part reduces the probability of the veneer diving.
  • the probability is reduced by orienting the veneer 111 such that the grains of the veneer 111 are to the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the grain direction G is perpendicular to the direction Sz of a line that is left in between the centres of the rollers 211, 212 of the first pair 210 of rollers.
  • Feeding the anisotropic first veneer 111 in such a direction to the device 100 decreases the probability of the veneer diving to a wrong side of a roller. This happens, because the, as indicated above, the first veneer 111 it relatively stiff, when fed into the device 100 in this orientation. In particular, when bent about the transversal direction Sy, the bending stiffness of the veneer is higher than when bent about the longitudinal direction Sx.
  • the first veneer 111 has a length L111 and a width W111.
  • the length L111 may be less than the width W111 or more than the width W111.
  • the first veneer 111 has (i) a first bending stiffness when bent about a first bending line that is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to a direction of the length L111 and (ii) a second bending stiffness when bent about a second bending line that is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to a direction of the width W111.
  • the second bending stiffness is more than the first bending stiffness.
  • the first veneer 111 is fed through the first gap 215 of the first pair 210 of rollers (211, 212) in the longitudinal direction Sx in such a way that the direction of the length L111 of the first veneer 111 is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to the longitudinal direction Sx of the device.
  • the first veneer 111 comprises wood having a grain orientation G and the grain orientation G is parallel (e.g. unidirectional) to the direction of length L111 of the first veneer 111.
  • the gaseous drying medium 120 is preferably so hot that it enables the water of the first veneer 111 to boil. Moreover, gaseous drying medium 120 is preferably only so hot that, at that temperature, wood does not burn or change its colour by an observable amount. Therefore, an embodiment comprises heating the gaseous drying medium 120, such as air, to a temperature of from 120 °C to 210 °C, preferably from 140 °C to 205 °C. Moreover, the heated gaseous drying medium 120 is fed through the primary support surface 313 towards the planar design trajectory T. The heating may be done using a heat exchanger 132 ( Fig. 5 ). Saturated and pressurized steam may be used as a heat exchange medium, as indicated above. A blower arrangement 134 ( Fig. 5 ) may be used to feed the heated gaseous drying medium 120 through the primary support surface 313.
  • a moisture content may be measured, and used to control the drying. Therefore, an embodiment of the method comprises (i) determining, before feeding the first veneer 111 through the first gap 215, a first moisture content of such a veneer that has not been passed through the device 100 and/or (ii) determining, before feeding the first veneer 111 through the first gap 215, a second moisture content of such a veneer that has been passed through the device.
  • the first moisture content may be measured with the first sensor 142.
  • the second moisture content may be measured with the second sensor 144 (see Figs. 2a and 3a ).
  • an embodiment comprises controlling, using the determined first moisture content and/or the determined second moisture content, at least one of (i) an angular velocity v11, v12 of the first primary roller 211 and the first secondary roller 212, (ii) a temperature of the gaseous drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the gaseous drying medium 120.
  • the controlling may be done using a control unit 146.
  • moisture contents of multiple veneers, that have not been dried in the device 100 may be measured. Based on its moisture content, each veneer can be classified to a certain moisture class in such a way that multiple veneers belong to each moisture class. Thereafter, veneers from each moisture class may be drier such that the drying parameters vary from one moisture class to another. For example, the veneers can be classified before drying, to classes "more moist than average", “average moisture", and “less moist than average”. Then the veneers from the class "more moist than average” can be dried using first drying parameters and the veneers from the class "average moisture” can be dried using second drying parameters, wherein the second drying parameters (or at least one of the drying second parameters) is different from the first drying parameters.
  • the drying parameters include (i) a rotational speed of the first primary roller 211, (ii) a temperature of the drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the drying medium 120.
  • a rotational speed of the first primary roller 211 when veneers of the class "more moist than average” are dried, a smaller rotational speed of the first primary roller 211 can be used, that when drying veneers from the class "average moisture", to allow more time for the veneers to dry.
  • an embodiment of the method comprises determining at least one of a temperature and a humidity of the gaseous drying medium.
  • the temperature and/or humidity sensor 147, 148 may be used for the purpose.
  • An embodiment comprises controlling, using the determined temperature and/or humidity, at least one of (i) an angular velocity v11, v12 of the first primary roller 211 and the first secondary roller 212, (ii) a temperature of the gaseous drying medium 120, and (iii) a flow rate of the gaseous drying medium 120.
  • the controlling may be done using a control unit 146.
  • an embodiment comprises determining at least one a humidity of the gaseous drying medium and controlling an amount of gaseous drying medium released from the circulation thereof.
  • the first veneer 111 is dried in such a way that when exiting the device 100, a moisture content of the first veneer 111 is from 2 % to 15 %, preferably from 3 % to 8 %.
  • a moisture content (i.e. content of water in grams divided by dry mass in grams) of a first veneer 111 before drying may be e.g. from 100 % to 160 %, if the first veneer is not pre-dried.
  • a moisture content of a first veneer 111 before drying may be e.g. from 70 % to 110%, if the first veneer is pre-dried.
  • the pre-dying may take place by compression after peeling the veneer from a log.
  • a moisture content of the first veneer 111, when entering the device 100 is from 70 % to 160 %.
  • the moisture content is a weight percentage of water relative to dry mass, whereby it may be more than 100 %.
  • the device 100 is of roller conveyor type. Therefore, an embodiment comprises conveying the first veneer 111 through the device 100 by contacting the first veneer 111 with outer surfaces of the first primary roller 211, the second primary roller 221, the first secondary roller 212, and the second secondary roller 222.
  • the device 100 may be used to dry multiple veneers, in particular the first veneer 111 and a second veneer 112. These veneers may be fed to the device 100 subsequently.
  • a space in between the first and second veneers 111, 112 should be small. It has been found that sufficient drying is achievable also when the subsequent veneers are in partial overlap.
  • an embodiment comprises arranging available a second veneer 112.
  • An embodiment comprises, before conveying the first veneer 111 through the second gap 225 of the device 100, arranging the first veneer 111 and the second veneer 112 in partial overlap (see Fig. 10a ).
  • the embodiment comprises feeding the first veneer 111 and the second veneer 112 through the first gap 215 of the first pair 210 of rollers (221, 222) in the longitudinal direction Sx in such a way that the parts of the first 111 and second veneers 112 that are in partial overlap, are in partial overlap also as they pass through the first gap 215 of the device. It has been found that a suitable length for the overlapping part is some centimetres. Thus, in an embodiment, a length Lo of the overlapping parts in the longitudinal direction Sx is from 20 mm to 50 mm.
  • the veneers 111, 112 become arranged in partial overlap in such a way that a trailing edge of the first veneer 111 is in partial overlap with the leading edge of the second veneer 112. Moreover, as indicated in Fig. 10b , when passing through the first gap 215, the leading edge of the second veneer 112 is left in between the first primary roller 211 and the trailing edge of the first veneer 111.
  • the leading and trailing edges of the veneers are herein defined such that the leading edge is conveyed through the first gap 215 before the trailing edge (regarding both veneers 111, 112).
  • this type of partial overlap increases the risk of the veneers going onto a wrong side of the second primary roller 221.
  • the second veneer 112 may tend to turn the first veneer 111 in such a way that the leading edge of the first veneer propagates to a wrong side of the second primary roller 221.
  • Fig. 11a shows a different type of a guide element 315, which can be used to adapt an existing dryer 900.
  • Fig. 11b shows a part of a device 100 having the guide elements 315 of Fig. 11a to guide the veneer 111.
  • a device 100 that is sold may already from the beginning have the guise surfaces 313, 314 of the type indicated in Fig. 11b .
  • the guide element 315 may have been retrofitted to an existing dryer 900.
  • a device 100 may have multiple pairs of rollers and a jet box arranged in between each two pairs of neighbouring rollers.
  • each drying line includes eight pairs of jet boxes arranged in between pairs of neighbouring rollers.
  • each drying line includes nine pairs rollers.
  • a drying line refers to a horizontal level of a roller conveyor type device 100.
  • the device 100 may comprise multiple parallel drying lines. The parallel drying lines are commonly arranged on top of each other.
  • the device of Figs. 2a, 3a, or 4a includes four drying lines on top of each other.
  • a device 100 may comprise e.g.
  • a drying line comprises at least two pairs of rollers.
  • a drying line comprises at least four pairs of rollers, and a veneer is configured to pass through a gap of each one of the pairs of rollers.
  • Each one of the jet boxes forms a support surface, and the support surface of each one of the jet boxes may be configured as indicated above relative to the neighbouring pairs of rollers.
  • the device 100 may be operated in such a way that a temperature within the device 100 near the inlet (i.e. in the figures 2a, 3a, and 4a on the right hand side) is higher than a temperature within the device 100 near the outlet (i.e. in the figures 2a, 3a, and 4a on the left hand side).
  • a typical distance between the gaps 215, 225 has been indicated above (e.g. from 200 mm to 700 mm), and d1 may be from 300 mm to 550 mm.
  • a diameter of the first primary roller 211 may be from 50 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 100 mm to 125 mm. This helps to control the feeding of the veneers through the gap 215.
  • a diameter or the first secondary roller 212 equals the diameter of the first primary roller 211.
  • a diameter of the second primary roller 221 may be from 50 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 100 mm to 125 mm.
  • a diameter of the second secondary roller 222 equals the diameter of the second primary roller 221.
  • a diameter of the second primary roller 221 equals the diameter of the first primary roller 211. This helps maintenance of the device 100.
  • the gap 215 is formed such that at least a one of the rollers 211, 212 in between which the gap 215 is arranged, comprises an annular protrusion, and a surface or a protrusion of the other roller 212, 211, respectively, makes a contact with the protrusion of the first mentioned roller 211, 212, respectively.
  • a height of the protrusion may be e.g. from 0.5 mm to 2 mm.
  • a length of the first primary roller, as measured along its axis of rotation, is preferably from 3 m to 9 m, such as from 4 m to 6 m.
  • a width W111 of a veneer in this direction is preferably from 5 feet (i.e. 1.5 m) to 10 feet (i.e. 3 m with one significant number).
  • a length L111 of a veneer is preferably from 5 feet (i.e. 1.5 m) to 10 feet (i.e. 3 m with one significant number).

Claims (18)

  1. Vorrichtung (100) zum Trocknen eines Furniers (111), wobei die Vorrichtung (100) Folgendes umfasst
    - ein erstes Walzenpaar (210), das konfiguriert ist, um das Furnier (111) in Längsrichtung (Sx) zu bewegen, wobei das erste Walzenpaar (210) Folgendes umfasst
    - eine erste Primärwalze (211), die sich in einer Richtung erstreckt, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Querrichtung (Sy) ist, und
    - eine erste Sekundärwalze (212) im Wesentlichen parallel zur ersten Primärwalze (211), wobei
    - ein erster Spalt (215) zwischen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) bleibt,
    - ein zweites Walzenpaar (220), das in Längsrichtung (Sx) von dem ersten Walzenpaar (210) angeordnet ist, wobei das zweite Walzenpaar (220) Folgendes umfasst
    - eine zweite Primärwalze (221), die sich in einer Richtung erstreckt, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Querrichtung (Sy) ist, und
    - eine zweite Sekundärwalze (222) im Wesentlichen parallel zur zweiten Primärwalze (221), wobei
    - zwischen der zweiten Primärwalze (221) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) ein zweiter Spalt (225) bleibt, und
    - der erste Spalt (215) und der zweite Spalt (225) eine planare Gestaltungsbahn (T) für das Furnier (111) definieren, wobei
    - ein Abstand (gh1) zwischen den Außenflächen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) 0,5 mm bis 3,5 mm beträgt, gekennzeichnet durch
    - einen ersten primären Strahlkasten (311), von dem mindestens ein Teil zwischen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der zweiten Primärwalze (221) angeordnet ist, wobei der erste primäre Strahlkasten (311) eine primäre Stützfläche (313) aufweist und konfiguriert ist, um gasförmiges Trocknungsmedium (120) durch die primäre Stützfläche (313) in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) zuzuführen, wobei
    - die primäre Stützfläche (313) konfiguriert ist, um das Furnier (111) zu tragen, und
    - das erste Walzenpaar (210), das zweite Walzenpaar (220) und die primäre Stützfläche (313) des ersten primären Strahlkastens (311) so angeordnet sind, dass
    - eine primäre imaginäre Ebene (P1), die durch den ersten Spalt (215) und die primäre Stützfläche (313) so definiert ist, dass (i) die primäre imaginäre Ebene (P1) einen Kontakt mit der primären Trägerfläche (313) herstellt, und (ii) ein Winkel (ßl) zwischen der primären imaginären Ebene (P1) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) minimiert wird:
    [A]
    - eine Oberfläche der zweiten Primärwalze (221) an einer ersten primären Schnittlinie (I11) und an einer zweiten primären Schnittlinie (I21) schneidet, wobei
    - die erste primäre Schnittlinie (I11) näher an dem ersten primären Strahlkasten (311) als die zweite primäre Schnittlinie (I21) liegt, und
    - ein Primärwinkel (α1), der zwischen der primären imaginären Ebene (P1) und einer Tangentialebene (TP1) der zweiten primären Walze (221) an der ersten primären Schnittlinie (I11) verbleibt und sich in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) und des ersten Walzenpaares öffnet (210), mindestens 115 Grad beträgt, oder
    [B]
    - zwischen der zweiten Primärwalze (221) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) angeordnet ist, oder
    [C]
    - eine Oberfläche der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) schneidet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    - die zweite Primärwalze (221) in einem Abstand (ddv) von der ersten primären Strahlkasten (311) angeordnet ist, wobei
    - der Abstand (ddv) 5 mm bis 30 mm beträgt; vorzugsweise,
    - der Abstand (ddv) 5 mm bis 20 mm; bevorzugter von 5 mm bis 10 mm beträgt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei
    - der Primärwinkel (α1) mehr als 120 Grad, vorzugsweise mehr als 125 Grad oder mindestens 135 Grad beträgt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei
    - der zweite Spalt (225) einen ersten Abstand (d1) von dem ersten Spalt (215) entfernt angeordnet ist, und
    - die primäre Stützfläche (313) durch eine Teilungsebene (DP) in einen vorderen Teil (313f) und einen hinteren Teil (313r) durch eine Teilungsebene (DP) teilbar ist, die eine Normale aufweist, die parallel zur Längsrichtung (Sx) ist, und die einen zweiten Abstand (d2) von dem ersten Spalt (215) entfernt angeordnet ist, so dass
    - ein Mindestabstand (dr1) zwischen dem hinteren Teil (313r) der primären Stützfläche (313) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) kleiner als ein Mindestabstand (df1) zwischen dem vorderen Teil (313f) der primären Stützfläche (313) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) ist, wobei
    - der vordere Teil (313f) der primären Stützfläche (313) näher am ersten Walzenpaar (210) als am zweiten Walzenpaar (220) liegt, und
    - der zweite Abstand (d2) mindestens ein Drittel und höchstens zwei Drittel des ersten Abstandes (d1) beträgt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei
    - die Oberflächen der ersten Primärwalze (211), der zweiten Primärwalze (221), der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) konfiguriert sind, um das verwendete Furnier (111) zu berühren, um das Furnier (111) in Längsrichtung (Sx) zu bewegen; und/oder
    - ein Abstand (gh2) zwischen den Außenflächen der zweiten Primärwalze (221) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) höchstens 3,5 mm, beispielsweise 0,5 mm bis 3,5 mm beträgt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, umfassend
    [A]
    - einen ersten sekundären Strahlkasten (312), der zwischen der ersten sekundären Walze (212) und der zweiten sekundären Walze (222) angeordnet ist, wobei der erste sekundäre Strahlkasten (312) eine sekundäre Stützfläche (314) umfasst und konfiguriert ist, um gasförmiges Trocknungsmedium (120) durch die sekundäre Stützfläche (314) in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) zuzuführen; und/oder
    [B]
    - eine Wärmetauscheranordnung (132), die konfiguriert ist, um das gasförmige Trocknungsmedium (120) wie Luft unter Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauschmediums wie Dampf zu erwärmen, und
    - eine Gebläseanordnung (134), die konfiguriert ist, um mindestens einen Teil des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120) durch die Wärmetauscheranordnung (132) und mindestens die primäre Stützfläche (313) zu treiben; vorzugsweise
    - eine Gebläseanordnung (134) konfiguriert ist, um mindestens einen Teil des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120) durch die Wärmetauscheranordnung (132) und auch durch eine/die sekundäre Stützfläche (314) zu treiben.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei
    - mindestens ein Teil der primären Stützfläche (313) eine Oberfläche eines Führungselements (315) ist, das aus einer Metallplatte mit einer Dicke von mindestens 1,5 mm besteht.
  8. Verfahren zum Anpassen eines Trockners (900), um eine Vorrichtung (100) zum Trocknen eines Furniers (111) herzustellen, wobei der Trockner (900) Folgendes umfasst
    - ein erstes Walzenpaar (210), das konfiguriert ist, um das Furnier (111) in Längsrichtung (Sx) zu bewegen, wobei das erste Walzenpaar (210) Folgendes umfasst
    - eine erste Primärwalze (211), die sich in einer Richtung erstreckt, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Querrichtung (Sy) ist, und
    - eine erste Sekundärwalze (212) im Wesentlichen parallel zur ersten Primärwalze (211), wobei
    - ein erster Spalt (215) zwischen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) bleibt,
    - ein zweites Walzenpaar (220), das in Längsrichtung (Sx) von dem ersten Walzenpaar (210) angeordnet ist, wobei das zweite Walzenpaar (220) Folgendes umfasst
    - eine zweite Primärwalze (221), die sich in einer Richtung erstreckt, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Querrichtung (Sy) ist, und
    - eine zweite Sekundärwalze (222) im Wesentlichen parallel zur zweiten Primärwalze (221), wobei
    - zwischen der zweiten Primärwalze (221) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) ein zweiter Spalt (225) bleibt, und
    - der erste Spalt (215) und der zweite Spalt (225) eine planare Gestaltungsbahn (T) für das Furnier definieren,
    - einen ersten primären Strahlkasten (311), der zwischen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der zweiten Primärwalze (221) angeordnet ist, mit einer primären Oberfläche (313o), und konfiguriert ist, um gasförmiges Trocknungsmedium (120) durch die primäre Oberfläche (313o) in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) zuzuführen, wobei
    - ein Abstand (gh1) zwischen den Außenflächen der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) 0,5 mm bis 3,5 mm beträgt; wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst
    - Anordnnen eines primären Führungselements (315),
    - Anbringen des primären Führungselements (315) am Trockner (900), derart, dass (i) eine Oberfläche des primären Führungselements (315) oder (ii) eine Oberfläche des primären Führungselements (315) in Kombination mit einem Teil der primären Oberfläche (313o) eine solche primäre Stützfläche (313) bildet, dass
    - die primäre Stützfläche (313) konfiguriert ist, um das Furnier (111) zu tragen, und
    - das erste Walzenpaar (210), das zweite Walzenpaar (220) und die primäre Stützfläche (313) angeordnet sind, so dass
    - eine primäre imaginäre Ebene (P1), die durch den ersten Spalt (215) und die primäre Stützfläche (313) definiert ist, so dass (i) die primäre imaginäre Ebene (P1) einen Kontakt mit der primären Trägerfläche (313) herstellt und (ii) ein Winkel (β1) zwischen der primären imaginären Ebene (P1) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) minimiert wird:
    [A]
    - eine Oberfläche der zweiten Primärwalze (221) an einer ersten Primärschnittlinie (l11) und an einer zweiten Primärschnittlinie (l21) schneidet, wobei
    - die erste primäre Schnittlinie (l11) näher an der ersten primären Strahlkasten (311) als die zweite primäre Schnittlinie (l21) liegt, und
    - ein Primärwinkel (α1), der zwischen der primären imaginären Ebene (P1) und einer Tangentialebene (TP1) der zweiten Primärwalze (221) an der ersten primären Schnittlinie (111) verbleibt und sich zu der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) und dem erste Walzenpaar (210) hin öffnet, mindestens 115 Grad beträgt, oder
    [B]
    - zwischen der zweiten Primärwalze (221) und der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) angeordnet ist, oder
    [C]
    - eine Oberfläche der zweiten Sekundärwalze (222) schneidet;
    um die Vorrichtung (100) zum Trocknen eines Furniers (111) zu bilden.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
    [A] wobei
    - die zweite Primärwalze (221) in einem Abstand (ddv) von dem ersten primären Strahlkasten (311) angeordnet ist, wobei
    - der Abstand (ddv) 5 mm bis 30 mm; z.B. von 5 mm bis 20 mm oder von 5 mm bis 10 mm beträgt;
    oder
    [B] umfassend
    - Anbringen des primären Führungselements (315) an dem Trockner (900), so dass die primäre Stützfläche (313) in einem Abstand (ddv) von der zweiten Primärwalze (221) angeordnet ist, wobei
    - der Abstand (ddv) 5 mm bis 30 mm, z.B. 5 mm bis 20 mm oder 5 mm bis 10 mm beträgt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei
    - in dem Trockner (900) der zweite Spalt (225) in einem ersten Abstand (d1) von dem ersten Spalt (215) angeordnet ist, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst
    - Auswählen der Form des primären Führungselements (315), so dass, oder Anbringen des primären Führungselements (315) an der primären Strahlkasten (311) derart, dass
    - die primäre Stützfläche (313) durch eine Teilungsebene (DP) in einen vorderen Teil (313f) und einen hinteren Teil (813r) teilbar ist, die eine Normale aufweist, die parallel zur Längsrichtung (Sx) ist, und die ein zweiter Abstand (d2) von der ersten Lücke (215) entfernt angeordnet ist,
    wobei der zweite Abstand (d2) mindestens ein Drittel und höchstens zwei Drittel des ersten Abstands (d1) beträgt und der vordere Teil (313f) der primären Stützfläche (313) näher am ersten Walzenpaar (210) liegt als auf das zweite Walzenpaar (220), so dass
    - ein Mindestabstand (dr1) zwischen dem hinteren Teil (313r) der primären Stützfläche (313) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) weniger als einen Mindestabstand (df1) zwischen dem vorderen Teil (813f) der primären Stützfläche (313) und der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) beträgt.
  11. Verfahren zum Trocknen eines ersten Furniers (111), wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst
    - Anordnen einer Vorrichtung (100) eines der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 oder der Vorrichtung (100), die nach dem Verfahren eines der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 hergestellt wurde,
    - Zuführen des ersten Furniers (111) durch den ersten Spalt (215) des ersten Walzenpaares (210) (211, 212) in Längsrichtung (Sx),
    - Zuführen von gasförmigem Trocknungsmedium (120) durch die primäre Stützfläche (313) in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T) und Fördern des ersten Furniers (111) neben dem ersten primären Strahlkasten (311), um das erste Furnier (111) zu trocknen, und
    - Fördern des ersten Furniers (111) durch den zweiten Spalt (225) des zweiten Walzenpaars (220) (221, 222).
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei
    - das erste Furnier (111) aus Holz besteht, und
    - die Dicke des ersten Furniers höchstens 3,5 mm, z. B. 0,5 mm bis 3,5 mm beträgt,
    vorzugsweise,
    - das erste Furnier (111) aus Hartholz wie Birke besteht und eine Dicke zwischen 0,5 mm und 3,5 mm, beispielsweise zwischen 1,0 mm und 2,0 mm aufweist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei
    - das erste Furnier (111) eine Länge (L111) und eine Breite (W111) aufweist, wobei die Länge (L111) kleiner, gleich oder größer als die Breite (W111) sein kann,
    - das erste Furnier (111) Folgendes aufweist
    - eine erste Biegesteifigkeit beim Biegen um eine erste Biegelinie, die parallel zu einer Richtung der Länge (L111) ist, und
    - eine zweite Biegesteifigkeit beim Biegen um eine zweite Biegelinie, die parallel zu einer Richtung der Breite (W111) ist, wobei
    - die zweite Biegesteifigkeit größer als die erste Biegesteifigkeit ist, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst
    - Zuführen des ersten Furniers (111) durch den ersten Spalt (215) des ersten Walzenpaares (210) (211, 212) in Längsrichtung (Sx) der Vorrichtung (100), so dass die Richtung der Länge (L111) des ersten Furniers parallel zur Längsrichtung (Sx) verläuft;
    vorzugsweise,
    - das erste Furnier (111) Holz mit einer Maserung (G) umfasst, und die Maserung (G) parallel zur Richtung der Länge (L111) des ersten Furniers (111) verläuft.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, umfassend
    - Erhitzen des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120) wie Luft auf eine Temperatur von 120 °C bis 210 °C, und
    - Zuführen von erhitztem gasförmigem Trocknungsmedium (120) durch die primäre Stützfläche (313) in Richtung der planaren Gestaltungsbahn (T).
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, umfassend
    [A]
    - Bestimmen eines ersten Feuchtigkeitsgehalts eines solchen Furniers, das nicht durch die Vorrichtung geführt wurde, bevor das erste Furnier durch den ersten Spalt geführt wird und/oder
    - Bestimmen eines zweiten Feuchtigkeitsgehalts eines solchen Furniers, das durch die Vorrichtung geführt wurde, bevor das erste Furnier durch den ersten Spalt geführt wird und/oder
    - Bestimmen einer Temperatur des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120) und/oder
    - Bestimmung einer Luftfeuchtigkeit des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120); und
    [B]
    - Steuern unter Verwendung von mindestens einem von dem bestimmten ersten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, dem bestimmten zweiten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, der Temperatur des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120) und der Feuchtigkeit des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120), mindestens eines von
    - einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit (v11, v12) der ersten Primärwalze (211) und der ersten Sekundärwalze (212),
    - einer Temperatur des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120), und
    - einer Durchflussrate des gasförmigen Trocknungsmediums (120).
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, umfassend
    - Trocknen des ersten Furniers (111) derart, dass nach dem Trocknen ein Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des ersten Furniers (111) 2% bis 15% beträgt;
    vorzugsweise
    - der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des ersten Furniers (111) beim Eintritt in die Vorrichtung (100) 70% bis 160% beträgt.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, umfassend
    - Fördern des ersten Furniers (111) durch die Vorrichtung (100) durch Inkontaktbringen des ersten Furniers (111) mit den Außenflächen der ersten Primärwalze (211), der zweiten Primärwalze (221), der ersten Sekundärwalze (212) und der zweite Sekundärwalze (222).
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, umfassend
    - Bereitstellen eines zweiten Furniers (112),
    - bevor das erste Furnier (111) durch den zweiten Spalt (225) befördert wird, Anordnen des ersten Furniers (111) und des zweiten Furniers (112) in teilweiser Überlappung, und
    - Zuführen des ersten Furniers (111) und des zweiten Furniers (112) durch den ersten Spalt (215) des ersten Walzenpaares (210) (221, 222) in Längsrichtung (Sx), so dass
    - die Teile des ersten und zweiten Furniers (111, 112), die sich teilweise überlappen, sich teilweise überlappen, wenn sie durch den ersten Spalt (215) verlaufen; vorzugsweise,
    - eine Länge (Lo) der überlappenden Teile in Längsrichtung (Sx) 20 mm bis 50 mm beträgt.
EP18397529.1A 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trocknen einer verblendung und verfahren zur anpassung eines trockners zur formung einer vorrichtung zum trocknen einer verblendung Active EP3462115B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES18397529T ES2867598T3 (es) 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 Un dispositivo y un método para el secado de una chapa, y un método para la adaptación de un secador para formar un dispositivo para el secado de una chapa
PL18397529T PL3462115T3 (pl) 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 Urządzenie i sposób suszenia forniru oraz sposób przystosowania suszarni do utworzenia urządzenia do suszenia forniru
EP18397529.1A EP3462115B1 (de) 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trocknen einer verblendung und verfahren zur anpassung eines trockners zur formung einer vorrichtung zum trocknen einer verblendung
RU2019137018A RU2797091C2 (ru) 2018-11-26 2019-11-19 Устройство и способ сушки шпона и способ переоборудования сушилки для создания устройства для сушки шпона

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CN111623598B (zh) * 2020-06-09 2021-06-18 泉州台商投资区国进信息技术有限公司 一种大理石粘胶前准备去水干化处理装置
CN111928623A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 木木链(深圳)科技有限公司 一种带热循环的烘干器风机及风管系统
CN111928624A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 木木链(深圳)科技有限公司 一种多层全自动式连续生产木板烘干器
CN111947435A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-17 木木链(深圳)科技有限公司 一种多层木板烘干器供热分风系统
CN113803967B (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-08-02 江苏文泰节能新材料有限公司 一种高强度内墙板用层压式烘干机

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