EP3456895B1 - Mur muni de supports en béton et procédé de construction d'un tel mur - Google Patents

Mur muni de supports en béton et procédé de construction d'un tel mur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3456895B1
EP3456895B1 EP18195546.9A EP18195546A EP3456895B1 EP 3456895 B1 EP3456895 B1 EP 3456895B1 EP 18195546 A EP18195546 A EP 18195546A EP 3456895 B1 EP3456895 B1 EP 3456895B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
wall
formwork
holes
concrete
formwork elements
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EP18195546.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3456895A1 (fr
Inventor
Konrad Wetzstein
Anton Kempter
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Diha Patentverwertungs GbR
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Diha Patentverwertungs GbR
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Priority claimed from DE202017105685.6U external-priority patent/DE202017105685U1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a wall according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • concrete supports in walls gives the walls in question greater stability.
  • Such concrete supports are used, for example, in the knee sticks (jambs) of buildings.
  • a knee stick is an outer wall that extends beyond the raw ceiling of the attic, on which the roof structure rests and on which particularly large forces act.
  • the integration of vertical concrete supports into the wall that forms the knee block increases its stability and ensures that the knee block is suitable for absorbing the great forces acting on it.
  • concrete supports can also be provided in any other walls of a building. For example, it can also be used to increase the stability of walls in the floors of the building below. This can be, for example, but not exclusively, floor-to-ceiling corner supports provided in the corners of the building.
  • the concrete columns are usually produced first.
  • a formwork usually made of wood with built-in reinforcement is first erected and the formwork is then poured with liquid concrete.
  • the formwork is removed and using masonry blocks, for example, using bricks the rest of the wall containing the concrete supports is made. Since the concrete supports are usually less thick than the rest of the wall, for example a cross-section of 22x25 cm, a thickness compensation is normally carried out afterwards in a further operation, for example by placing appropriate compensation elements on the concrete support.
  • a concrete support can be provided every 2 m in a wall that forms a knee stick. The work mentioned must be carried out for each of the concrete supports of the wall in question.
  • This shuttering device is formed by shuttering blocks, which are traversed by a vertical recess, which has a cross-section corresponding to the concrete column cross-section, and which are also designed and dimensioned so that they can be used as masonry blocks for the production of masonry blocks, and when Wall construction can be combined with masonry blocks not formed by shuttering blocks and, like the masonry blocks not formed by shuttering blocks, can be integrated into the masonry block composite.
  • the shuttering blocks forming the shuttering device can be integrated into the wall extremely easily and represent excellent formwork devices, it cannot be completely ruled out that, for example, due to sloppy processing of the formwork blocks, problems arise which result in non-optimal formwork properties and / or non-optimal column properties.
  • FR 2 731 734 A1 discloses a wall according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing a wall according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of finding a way by which the concrete supports of a wall containing concrete supports, and thus also the entire wall, can be produced in an even simpler, faster and even higher quality.
  • the shuttering device described in more detail below is a shuttering device for producing concrete supports, in particular for producing vertical concrete supports forming parts of a wall.
  • the shuttering device is formed by special shuttering elements which have holes on at least one of their sides facing the wall sections not formed by shuttering elements, which completely pass through the shuttering element wall containing the holes and open into the vertical recess.
  • the formwork elements can be connected with little effort via these holes to the wall sections not formed by formwork elements.
  • the formwork elements presented here can therefore basically have any shape and any size.
  • the Figure 1 shows part of a not yet completed outer wall of a building.
  • the reference symbol GD denotes a floor ceiling of the building.
  • a vertical wall M made of formwork elements 1 and masonry blocks 2 is provided on the storey ceiling GD.
  • the wall M forms a knee-length floor after its completion, but it could also be any other wall.
  • a concrete support is to be created which extends vertically upwards from the floor ceiling GD and is integrated into the wall M.
  • the formwork device for producing a Concrete column can also be composed of several formwork elements 1 arranged one above the other.
  • the masonry blocks 2 form the wall sections not formed by formwork elements 1. These are normal masonry blocks for the production of walls, for example clay bricks or other masonry blocks.
  • the wall sections formed by the masonry building blocks 2 adjoin the formwork elements 1 directly without a gap.
  • the masonry blocks 2 are arranged in a masonry block composite.
  • the masonry block composite consists of several rows of masonry blocks arranged one above the other, the masonry blocks of which are selected and arranged in such a way that the vertical joints between laterally adjacent masonry blocks do not lie on top of one another.
  • the formwork element 1 is not part of this masonry block composite.
  • the formwork elements 1 and the wall sections not formed by the formwork elements are connected to one another using wall connectors 3. This will be discussed in more detail later.
  • the concrete support BS runs through the formwork elements 1.
  • the wall M is first erected from the formwork elements 1 and masonry blocks 2, and then the concrete support BS is made by pouring liquid concrete into a vertical recess in the formwork elements.
  • the formwork elements are designed as so-called permanent formwork and remain in the wall M after the concrete support BS has been produced.
  • Each formwork element 1 is completely traversed by a vertical recess 11, which has a cross-section corresponding to the concrete column cross-section.
  • a vertical recess 11 which has a cross-section corresponding to the concrete column cross-section.
  • it is a rectangular cross-section, but the cross-section can also have any other shape.
  • the corners of the cross-section are rounded to increase the stability of the formwork elements 1 (no wedge effect due to sharp corners) and to improve the thermal insulation, but there is no restriction to this either.
  • Such a rounding is for example from the Figure 4 can be seen and denoted there by the reference numeral 14.
  • formwork elements 1 can be placed on top of one another.
  • the formwork elements are designed to be placed on top of one another without any lateral offset, so that a formwork device composed of several formwork elements is also cuboid.
  • formwork elements 1 arranged one above the other in this way, the positive effect automatically occurs that the vertical cutouts are aligned and thus each vertical cutout comes to lie exactly where the concrete support BS is to be created.
  • Formwork elements 1 placed on top of one another are connected to one another in their intended relative position, for example by mortar, adhesive, or in any other manner.
  • the vertical recesses 11 are designed to be poured with concrete which, in the hardened state, forms the concrete support BS to be produced.
  • the formwork elements 1 have holes 12 on at least one of their sides facing the wall sections not formed by formwork elements, which holes completely pass through the formwork element wall containing the holes and open into the vertical recess 11.
  • holes 12 are provided on all formwork element sides which face a wall section not formed by formwork elements.
  • these holes 12 are used to connect the formwork elements 1 to the wall sections not formed by formwork elements.
  • the connection is made using the already mentioned wall connectors 3.
  • the holes 12 are designed to be passed through by the wall connectors.
  • the holes 12 are horizontal holes. Although such a hole course is currently considered to be optimal, there is no mandatory restriction to it.
  • the holes 12 can also run obliquely upwards or downwards or in any other way. They can also have a different shape and / or a different size than in the example under consideration.
  • the shape, size and course of the holes 12 "only" have to ensure that the intended use of the wall connectors 3, which is described in more detail below, is guaranteed.
  • the wall connectors 3 are strip-shaped elements which, in the example under consideration, are made of metal, for example stainless steel, but can also be made of any other material.
  • the wall connectors 3 are arranged in such a way that in each case at least one of their ends comes to lie outside the formwork element 1.
  • the wall connectors 3 run from outside the formwork element 1 via the holes 12 into the formwork element and end in the example under consideration in the vertical recess 11 Run through the formwork element completely and exit it again via the opposite hole 12.
  • the wall connector section coming to lie outside the formwork element 1 is connected to a wall section not formed by formwork elements.
  • the wall connector 3 is arranged in such a way that it comes to lie in a wall joint between rows of masonry blocks arranged one above the other.
  • This is in the Figure 1 illustrated.
  • the wall connector shown there rests on the top row of masonry blocks of the wall that has been completed by then.
  • the wall connector 3 is automatically fastened in the wall joint between the two top rows of masonry blocks.
  • the wall connector section coming to lie outside the formwork element 1 could also be connected in any other manner to a wall section not formed by formwork elements.
  • the wall connector section coming to lie within the formwork element 1 is connected to the formwork element by the concrete to be filled into the vertical recess 11.
  • the wall connector section coming to lie within the formwork element 1 preferably comes to lie completely in the concrete.
  • the holes 12 are designed so that this is possible. More precisely, the holes 12 are designed so that when the vertical recess 11 is poured with concrete, the concrete also gets into the holes and preferably completely fills the holes.
  • the holes 12 have a circular cross-section with a diameter of approximately 10 cm. In principle, however, the diameter can also be any larger or smaller. Likewise, the holes can in principle also have any other cross-section, for example an oval or rectangular cross-section. As has already been mentioned above, they do not have to be horizontal holes either, as in the example under consideration.
  • the holes are also not absolutely necessary for the holes to be produced during the manufacture of the formwork element 1 will. Provision can also be made for only preparatory work for the hole production to be carried out during the production of the formwork element 1. For example, it can be provided that the cutting or drilling work required for hole production is not carried out completely, but only to the extent that the remaining work for hole production can be carried out on the construction site. For example, it could be provided that the holes are prepared so far that only a thin or narrow layer of material has to be broken out of the formwork element 1 by hand or with a tool to complete the hole production on the construction site, or that the hole production from the shuttering element 1 cut cylinder remains in the hole and is only pushed out of the hole on the construction site.
  • the holes 12 are when the vertical recess 11 is poured with concrete through the masonry blocks adjoining the formwork elements 1 closed from the outside, so that no concrete can flow out through the holes 12.
  • the holes 12 are arranged so that when the formwork element 1 is integrated into the wall as intended, they come to lie at the level of the horizontal wall joints between rows of masonry blocks arranged one above the other.
  • the formwork elements 1 in the example under consideration are very much higher than the masonry blocks 2.
  • the formwork elements have a height which corresponds to an integral multiple of the layer size of the masonry building blocks 2, which are provided for the production of the wall sections not formed by formwork elements.
  • the height of the formwork element is n times the layer size, where n is preferably a natural number greater than 1.
  • the height of the formwork elements is four times the layer size. This means that the formwork element 1 is as high as four rows of masonry blocks (see Figure 1 ). The formwork element height is therefore approx. 1 m.
  • the formwork elements 1 are preferably higher than the masonry blocks 2, the formwork elements 1 can in principle be of any height. They do not have to be higher than the masonry building blocks 2, nor does their height have to be an integral multiple of the layer size.
  • a plurality of holes 12 arranged one above the other are preferably provided (see, for example, FIG Figures 2 and 3 ).
  • the mutual spacing of the hole centers preferably corresponds to the layer size.
  • each of the holes 12 comes to lie at the level of a horizontal wall joint.
  • the bottom hole and the top hole are only half holes, which are designed and arranged in such a way that they interact with the adjacent half hole one below or above arranged formwork element 1 result in a complete hole 12.
  • the concrete column BS To increase the load-bearing capacity of the concrete column BS, it is reinforced with reinforcing means, for example with reinforcing steel.
  • the recesses 11 of the formwork elements 1 are therefore designed and dimensioned in such a way that their vertical recesses 11 are suitable for receiving reinforcement means, that is to say, for example, through which reinforcement means run can be. These reinforcement means are not shown in the figures.
  • the formwork elements 1 form a formwork device, that is to say the casting mold for the concrete support BS to be produced. No additional formwork, support, stabilization, bracing, etc. are required.
  • the formwork elements 1 can be poured with liquid concrete as they are built into the wall M and are designed so that they withstand all forces that act on them before, during and after the wall construction / pouring.
  • the formwork elements 1 remain in the wall after the concrete support BS has been completed. Since the formwork elements 1 have the same width as masonry blocks 2, no further work, in particular no filling or cladding of gaps, wall niches or the like, has to be carried out where the concrete support is located.
  • the formwork elements 1 remain in the wall and thus represent a so-called lost formwork, but are not really lost because they also serve as thermal insulation elements.
  • the formwork elements 1 are preferably made of a material having good thermal insulation properties. Strictly speaking, it is an insulating formwork element that forms a column insulating formwork. When the formwork elements 1 are used, no additional thermal insulation measures are required for thermal insulation of the column produced therewith.
  • the formwork elements 1 consist of foamed plastic such as foamed polystyrene. However, other plastics, for example PU foam, or completely different materials can also be used.
  • one side of the mutually facing sides of formwork elements 1 arranged one above the other has projections and the other side has complementary recesses, the projections and recesses being arranged in such a way that the projections come to rest in the recesses in the intended relative position of the formwork elements 1 .
  • projections and depressions are not shown in the figures.
  • the projections and depressions are designed and arranged so that they can only come into engagement with one another in the intended relative position of the relevant formwork elements 1, i.e. when the projections and depressions are in engagement, the formwork elements automatically assume their intended relative position.
  • the said projections and recesses prevent relative movements of the formwork elements, which are placed on top of one another as intended, in the horizontal direction.
  • this increases the stability of the formwork elements. In particular, the formwork elements can better withstand the forces acting on them when the vertical recess 11 is poured out.
  • a layer is applied or on at least one side of the formwork elements a plate is placed, which consists of a different material than the rest of the formwork elements.
  • a brick shell or the like for facing is attached to one side during the manufacture of the formwork element 1.
  • the side of the formwork element 1 coming to lie on the outside of the building can be given the appearance and / or the surface properties of the normal masonry blocks not formed by the formwork elements.
  • At least one side of the formwork elements 1 is provided with foam or mortar pockets, which are designed to accommodate the assembly foam, adhesive or mortar used in masonry and thus improve the connection to adjacent masonry blocks.
  • the formwork element 1 is made in one piece. That is, the starting material is a cuboid block from which the vertical recess 11 and the holes 12 are cut. The vertical recess 11 is cut out using a hot wire. The hot wire creates an incision in the block, with part of this incision still in the finished block Formwork element remains. This incision in the finished formwork element 1 originating from a hot wire is in the Figure 4 and denoted there by the reference symbol 15.
  • the incision 15 is preferably located in one of the formwork element sides which face the wall sections formed by masonry building blocks 2. This has the positive effect that the incision 15 is closed by the masonry blocks adjoining it and thus no concrete can pass through there.
  • the incision 15 preferably does not run in a straight line through the side of the formwork element containing the incision, but has a course such that the formwork element sections separated from one another by the incision interlock in such a way that they prevent one another from being pulled apart or pushed apart.
  • the incision has a rectangular wave-shaped profile.
  • other incision courses can also be provided, by means of which a comparable interlocking of the formwork element sections is effected, for example courses with a different wave shape or sawtooth-shaped courses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Mur (M) muni d'un support en béton vertical (BS) formant une partie du mur, et muni d'une pluralité de composants de maçonnerie (2),
    le mur contenant en outre un dispositif de coffrage perdu restant dans celui-ci pour la fabrication du support en béton, le dispositif de coffrage étant formé par un ou plusieurs éléments de coffrage (1) agencés les uns au-dessus des autres,
    qui sont traversés par un évidement vertical (11), qui présente une section transversale correspondant à la section transversale du support en béton et dans lequel est coulé le béton formant le support en béton, et
    qui comprennent, sur au moins un de leurs côtés, qui sont tournés vers les sections de mur non formées par les éléments de coffrage (1), des trous (12), qui traversent entièrement la paroi d'élément de coffrage contenant les trous et débouchent dans l'évidement vertical (11),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de coffrage (1) et le support en béton (BS) sont reliés par l'intermédiaire de connecteurs de mur (3), qui traversent les trous (12), et dont au moins une extrémité vient se situer à l'extérieur de l'élément de coffrage (1) dans un joint de mur horizontal entre des rangées de composants de maçonnerie agencées les unes au-dessus des autres et y est fixée par une colle ou un mortier reliant entre eux les composants de maçonnerie (2), avec les sections de mur non formées par des éléments de coffrage.
  2. Mur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section de connecteur de mur venant se situer à l'intérieur de l'élément de coffrage (1) est reliée à l'élément de coffrage par le béton dont est rempli l'évidement vertical (11) .
  3. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les trous (12) sont configurés de telle sorte que, lors du coulage de béton dans l'évidement vertical (11), le béton pénètre également dans les trous.
  4. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de coffrage (1) présentent une hauteur qui est supérieure à la hauteur des composants de maçonnerie (2) qui sont prévus pour la fabrication des sections de mur non formées par des éléments de coffrage.
  5. Mur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de coffrage (1) comprend des trous sur tous les côtés, qui sont tournés vers des sections de mur non formées par des éléments de coffrage.
  6. Mur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de coffrage (1) comprend plusieurs trous (12) agencés les uns au-dessus des autres.
  7. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les trous (12) de l'élément de coffrage (1) viennent se situer à la hauteur de joints de mur horizontaux entre des rangées de composants de maçonnerie agencées les unes au-dessus des autres.
  8. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les trous (12) de l'élément de coffrage (1) sont agencés et configurés de telle sorte qu'ils peuvent être fermés vers l'extérieur par des sections de mur non formées par les éléments de coffrage, adjacentes aux éléments de coffrage (1), avant le coulage de béton dans l'évidement vertical (11).
  9. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le côté de l'élément de coffrage (1) venant se situer sur le côté extérieur du bâtiment est plus épais que le côté de l'élément de coffrage venant se situer sur le côté intérieur du bâtiment.
  10. Mur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement vertical (11) est un évidement découpé par un fil chaud, et en ce qu'une incision (15) laissée par le fil chaud dans l'élément de coffrage (1) a une trajectoire telle que les sections d'éléments de coffrage séparées les unes des autres par l'incision s'imbriquent les unes dans les autres de telle sorte qu'elles s'empêchent mutuellement d'être séparées par traction ou séparées par pression.
  11. Procédé de fabrication d'un mur (M) muni d'un support en béton vertical (BS) formant une partie du mur, et muni d'une pluralité de composants de maçonnerie (2),
    pour la fabrication du support en béton, un dispositif de coffrage perdu restant dans le mur après la fabrication du support en béton étant utilisé, le dispositif de coffrage étant formé par un ou plusieurs éléments de coffrage (1) agencés les uns au-dessus des autres,
    qui sont traversés par un évidement vertical (11), qui présente une section transversale correspondant à la section transversale du support en béton et dans lequel est coulé le béton formant le support en béton, et
    qui comprennent, sur au moins un de leurs côtés, qui sont tournés vers les sections de mur non formées par les éléments de coffrage (1), des trous (12), qui traversent entièrement la paroi d'élément de coffrage contenant les trous et débouchent dans l'évidement vertical (11),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de coffrage (1) et le support en béton (BS) sont reliés par l'intermédiaire de connecteurs de mur (3), qui traversent les trous (12), et dont au moins une extrémité vient se situer à l'extérieur de l'élément de coffrage (1) dans un joint de mur horizontal entre des rangées de composants de maçonnerie agencées les unes au-dessus des autres et y est fixée par une colle ou un mortier reliant entre eux les composants de maçonnerie (2), avec les sections de mur non formées par des éléments de coffrage.
EP18195546.9A 2017-09-19 2018-09-19 Mur muni de supports en béton et procédé de construction d'un tel mur Active EP3456895B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202017105685.6U DE202017105685U1 (de) 2017-09-19 2017-09-19 Schalungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonstützen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Teile einer Mauer bildenden vertikalen Betonstützen
DE102018100707.8A DE102018100707A1 (de) 2017-09-19 2018-01-14 Schalungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonstützen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Teile einer Mauer bildenden vertikalen Betonstützen

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EP3456895A1 EP3456895A1 (fr) 2019-03-20
EP3456895B1 true EP3456895B1 (fr) 2021-11-10

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DE3727956A1 (de) 1986-08-22 1988-05-05 Markus Ing Stracke Verfahren zur herstellung von bauteilen mit nur einem einzigen grundschalsteinelement
EP0404044A1 (fr) * 1989-06-22 1990-12-27 Vujacic Veselin Briques formées de façon précise
FR2731734A1 (fr) * 1995-03-16 1996-09-20 Pavan Sylvain Elements de construction pour la realisation d'angles de murs
DE202011108689U1 (de) 2011-12-03 2012-01-24 Martin Michael Maier Schalungshilfsmittel (Schalungsstein) zur Erleichterung bei der Erstellung von Zug-/Wandaussteifungssäulen zum Einarbeiten und Verbleib im Mauerwerk
WO2014057175A1 (fr) 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Christophe Portugues Panneau de construction en materiau isolant
CN104631658A (zh) 2014-09-19 2015-05-20 昆明理工大学 一种适用于抗震设防高烈度区的土坯墙的施工方法及土坯

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