EP3452663B1 - Monitoring apparatus - Google Patents

Monitoring apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3452663B1
EP3452663B1 EP17732217.9A EP17732217A EP3452663B1 EP 3452663 B1 EP3452663 B1 EP 3452663B1 EP 17732217 A EP17732217 A EP 17732217A EP 3452663 B1 EP3452663 B1 EP 3452663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rigid
tube
elements
tubular element
borehole
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Active
Application number
EP17732217.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3452663A1 (en
Inventor
Luigi Foglino
Sara Foglino
Valentina Foglino
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CSG Srl
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CSG Srl
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for monitoring geotechnical, geological-structural, hydrogeological and geophysical parameters of soils, rocks and structures in general and more generally of works of geotechnical, mining and structural engineering in general, which apparatus comprises:
  • a first apparatus of such type is described in document IT0001323688 with 19.10.2000 as filing date.
  • the document discloses a monitoring apparatus or, even better, a link of measurement modules to be inserted in the soil and which apparatus is intended to monitor many different geological, geotechnical, hydraulic and geophysical conditions.
  • connection joints for two basic arrangements that can be used alternately depending on the type of monitoring and on the degree of freedom required and that mainly are an arrangement intended to detect displacements among the individual rigid elements interconnected with each other by flexible joints, two-dimensional or three-dimensional ones.
  • DMS® Downlink Monitoring of Stability
  • DMS® 2D monitoring columns are used to monitor landslides and to monitor displacements on X, Y plane
  • DMS® 3D columns particularly those with multipacker coupling devices, are used for monitoring geotechnical engineering parameters together with geotechnical engineering works and allow displacements in three-dimensional space to be monitored (x, y and z monitoring).
  • z axis defines a vertical direction or anyway oriented in the direction of a borehole where the apparatus is inserted, while x,y define two axes that subtend a plane perpendicular to said z axis and that, when z axis coincides with the vertical direction, is a horizontal plane.
  • FIGS 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 schematically show the arrangement of a DMS® 2D apparatus according to above mentioned prior art.
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of rigid modules 1 that are connected with one another by flexible joints 2 and forming together a monitoring column denoted by A. Measurement signals collected by the sensors of the individual modules are transmitted through a communication line to a data control and remote transmission unit denoted by B that collects the measurement signals and transmit them to a server processing said data.
  • the monitoring column is inserted in a testing or inspection borehole drilled in the soil or in the structure to be monitored.
  • the monitoring column has at least for some, preferably for all the rigid modules 1 a radially expandable packer 4 by means of which each element of the monitoring column is locked against the borehole wall.
  • Sensors present in the individual elements comprise also extensometers or the like that detect relative displacements of the individual modules 1 in the direction of the borehole axis, that is in the direction of z axis, therefore in presence of deformations of the soil and therefore of the borehole the relative displacements of the modules from each x, y and z.
  • Such monitoring columns are made according to the combination of characteristics described in document IT0001405010 .
  • the document IT000140510 describes an apparatus for monitoring geotechnical, geological-structural, hydrogeological and geophysical parameters of soils, rocks and structures in general, which comprises two or more rigid housing elements, at least one sensor for at least one parameter to be monitored being mounted into at least one of them. Said at least two or more rigid housing elements are arranged in sequence one behind the other along a predetermined line or a predetermined axis, a deformable connection element, particularly extensible and flexible one, being interposed between each rigid housing element and the immediately following one. Sensors communicate with means collecting output signals from said sensors that can be mounted in the apparatus or in a separate remote station.
  • the apparatus comprises means removably locking the apparatus with respect to soil to be monitored, composed of anchor elements by radial expansion in the borehole, and a line supplying pressurized fluid for the radial expansion of said anchor elements.
  • said fluid supply line is firmly integrated, which supply line has sealing connections towards said rigid housing elements and to the outside and it is in communication with said anchor elements. parameters to be detected directly in contact with the soil/rock to which they are secured by the expansion of the packers without interposing a monitoring tube covering the borehole walls.
  • Such instrument is quite expensive and it is specifically applied for the analysis of particular deformation problems that can affect works of geotechnical engineering particularly as regards soil failures with reference to soil-structure interaction that generally need a continuous monitoring only for the portion affected by failures.
  • DMS® 2D columns are widely used, which are usually used into boreholes with tubing.
  • This type of DMS® 2D column even if allows several geotechnical parameters (inclination and direction of horizontal deformations, water table pressure, accelerometer, temperature, etc.) to be continuously monitored, currently it does not allow extensometric information to be acquired namely in direction of the axis (z) that currently can be acquired only by means of multipacker DMS® 3D columns.
  • the invention aims at overcoming the limitations currently provided for monitoring columns of the DMS® 2D type, by making it possible to take a measurement according to three axes of relative displacement of the rigid elements composing the column in a substantially cheap and reliable manner, without for this reason using known arrangements of the monitoring columns comprising multicpaker anchor systems that are more expensive since expansion of packers has to be carried out by supplying a pressurized fluid that has to be able to flow along the whole column in a uniform manner and such to guarantee each individual module to be anchored to the wall of the borehole.
  • the invention solves the above problem by an apparatus for monitoring geotechnical, geological-structural, hydrogeological and geophysical parameters of soils, rocks and structures in general and more generally of works of geotechnical, mining and structural engineering in general, which apparatus comprises:
  • radial locking extensions are composed of so called thin layer packers.
  • annular fins made of high density polyurethane or similar elastomers fastened to one of the telescopic parts of the rigid element.
  • Such annular fins have such a diameter to generate a necessary friction against inner walls of the extensometric/settlement metering tube in order to make the telescope cooperating with the tube and therefore to transfer the longitudinal deformations of the tube on the extensometric measurement system.
  • each rigid element there are provided anti-rotational constraint members allowing the direction of the axes to be maintained in the plane x, y of the
  • a stop element preventing the two parts from being removed from each other.
  • an improvement provides between said two telescopically coupled parts to provide at least a gasket or a system of two or more gaskets, for example a combination of o-rings and a protection bellows-shaped element.
  • Said single-wall flexible corrugated tubes made of plastic material have an optimal behavior in soil that can be compared to that of a spring, able to perfectly follow both the vertical movement and the horizontal movement of the soil getting deformed with it without opposing it.
  • Corrugated tubes have the advantage of being flexible for the whole length and therefore are able to copy accurately the soil movement. They can be produced 150 m without junctions (DN 80 mm) and require, for being installed, a greater attention and possibly the use of a reel to prevent them to be twisted and pressed leading to tube failures.
  • Rigid tubes in bars connected with one another by telescopic elements are able to adapt their length both in compression and in extension depending on the soil movement.
  • Rigid tubes 9, for example made of PVC HDPE, in bars, are of the type and thickness usually used for lining boreholes, they withstand pressures and deformations higher than the tube; their behavior is the one of a rigid tube able to adapt its length to the soil movement only at the telescopic joint. Due to such behavior therefore it is necessary to assemble the monitoring column such that telescopic sectors of the tube coincide with that of the monitoring column, paying attention in packers being placed externally to the settlement metering portion of the lining tube.
  • Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 show a monitoring column known in prior art according to a configuration of a device called as DMS® 2D.
  • the monitoring column is composed of a plurality of rigid modules or enclosures 1 connected with one another by flexible joints 2.
  • the column as a whole is denoted by A. It is inserted into a tube internally lining a borehole to which said tube is secured.
  • Measurement signals collected by the sensors contained in the enclosure 1 composed of the individual modules are transmitted through a communication line to a data control and remote transmission unit denoted by B that collects measurement signals and transmit them to a server processing said data.
  • the arrangement according to figure 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 of the monitoring column is quite simple and it allows only displacements due to deformations in x, y plane to be monitored.
  • the monitoring column A has for at least some, preferably for all the rigid modules 1 a radially expandable packer 4 by means of which each module 1 of the monitoring column is locked against the borehole wall.
  • Sensors present in the individual elements comprise also extensometers denoted by 5 or individual modules 1 in the direction of the axis of the borehole, that is in direction of z axis, therefore in presence of deformations of the soil and therefore of the borehole the relative displacements of modules with respect to one another according to three space directions x, y and z are detected.
  • Known embodiments do not need a lining of the borehole interposed between the monitoring column and the wall of the borehole.
  • Radially expandable packers are supplied with a pressurized fluid by means of which they radially expand causing the corresponding module to be anchored to the wall of the borehole. Therefore each module is anchored to the borehole independently from adjacent modules and relative displacements along the axis of the borehole that is along z axis are detected by means of the extensometric sensors.
  • Figure 3 shows a monitoring column according to the present invention composed of inclination-settlement metering modules 1 connected to one another by flexible joints 2 and cooperating by thin layer packers 6 with a tube lining the borehole having extensometric-settlement metering characteristics 10.
  • the column follows soil deformations both on x,y plane and along z axis by the action exerted by thin layer packers 6.
  • an extensometric/settlement metering tube denoted schematically by 10
  • the tube is flexible and extensible and compressible and it is secured to the or more of the x, y and z axes is followed by the extensometric/settlement metering tube that fits the shape of the borehole.
  • a monitoring column is inserted into the tube, which is composed of a sequence of rigid modules 1 each one forming an enclosure housing one or more different sensors.
  • a flexible joint 2 is provided connecting two consecutive sensors allowing them to accomplish relative displacement according to two directions x and y.
  • each module 1 is made as telescopically deployable and retractable, while a sensor detecting the deployment/retraction condition and therefore the relative displacement between two consecutive modules along z axis is provided.
  • Each module 1 is fastened to the extensometric/settlement metering tube 10 by means of friction anchor elements that are elastically deformable and that in the shown example are composed of so called thin layer packers generally denoted with 6.
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of the monitoring column according to the present invention cooperating with two different types of borehole lining tubes respectively a rigid tube in bars equipped with telescopic connection ( fig.4.2 ) .
  • each rigid module is composed of two tubular elements 101 and 201 telescopically constrained with each other.
  • a male tubular element 101 acts for containing and protecting a support 301 housing the sensors and the control electronics and it has a hollow piston end head 401 acting for guiding such male tubular element 101 in the axial, telescopic sliding movement inside the female upper element 201.
  • Such female upper element 201 has such a diameter to allow the telescopic movement to be accomplished for the travel substantially corresponding to the axial extension of the cylindrical part of the female tubular element 201 both under compression and extension and it tapers at the end opposite to that coupling to the male tubular element 101 with a frustum of cone portion having an end 501 coupling to the flexible joint 2.
  • the telescopic sliding between the two elements 101 and 201 is limited in the extension by a stop element 601.
  • the chamber formed by the two elements 101 and 201 is tightly sealed by gaskets for example a pair of o-rings, while the male element 101 is externally protected by a bellows 11.
  • such constraint is generated by a longitudinal groove, that is axial groove, along the external surface of the male tubular element wherein a radial projection integral with the female tubular element 201 slidably engages along said groove.
  • the support 301 in the male tubular element 101 bears a position transducer 21.
  • transducer into the rigid module 1 it is possible to house one or more further sensors and one or more control electronic cards depending on functionality needs provided for the monitoring column.
  • control electronic card 22 to which accelerometric sensors, temperature sensors and possibly other sensors can be associated.
  • the electronic card 22 and said further sensors are mounted on the support 301.
  • each module there are further provided one or more sensors, such as a piezometric sensor 24 and possibly other types of sensors.
  • sensors such as a piezometric sensor 24 and possibly other types of sensors.
  • the piezometer communicates with the outside through an opening provided with a micropore filter for piezometers denoted by 25.
  • the position transducer 21 is provided with a coiled electric connection cable 121 having a terminal
  • the position transducer is provided with a measurement rod 122 whose end is removably connected to the female tubular element 201.
  • connection of the electrical connector of the cable 121 and of the measurement rod of the position transducer 122 is of the magnetic type, that is provided with a magnet cooperating with a further attraction magnetized magnet provided on the electrical connection outlet of the female tubular element 201 and on the seat fastening the measurement rod of the extensometer, that is of the position transducer.
  • the measurement rod 122 is connected with the electrical connection terminal 124 of the multicore cable 121 by a magnet secured on the electric connector.
  • said electrical connection terminal 124 acts also for connecting the measurement rod 122 of the position transducer to the female tubular element 201.
  • the magnetic coupling can occur between two magnets each one on the corresponding terminal to be coupled to each other or only one magnet on one of the two terminals to be coupled together and one ferromagnetic element on the other terminal to be coupled.
  • the so called thin-layer packers are composed of discs for example of high-density polyurethane or other materials able to generate a removable end constraint between the metering tube 9 or 10 lining the borehole.
  • Packers generate a friction constraint against the walls of the tube 9 or 10 such to allow the male tubular element of each module 1 to be locked and therefore allow individual modules 1 to be moved near/away by their telescopic deployment or retraction and likewise the deployment and retraction movement of the pipe 9 or 10.
  • a disc 106 acting as a centralizer is provided in the end region of the male tubular element opposite to the female tubular element 201 and coupling with the flexible joint 2.
  • the tube 9 or 10 that in turn is made integral with the soil for example by means of suitable cement-bentonite mixtures has to exhibit a flexible and extensible and compressible behavior such to follow soil deformations according to the different directions x, y and z.
  • the tube can be composed of a flexible corrugated tube of plastic material 10, for example HDPE, and with a single wall ( fig.4.2 ) .
  • Such corrugated tubes 10 have the advantage of being flexible for the whole length and therefore are able to accurately copy the soil movement. with considerable lengths longer than 150 m without junctions (DN 80 mm) and require, for being installed, a greater attention and possibly the use of a reel to prevent them to be twisted and pressed leading to tube failures.
  • the tube can be composed of rigid tubes in bars 9, for example PVC or HDPE, connected with one another by telescopic sleeves able to allow the individual rigid sections of the tube to move, within predetermined ranges moving away and near one to the other following the deformations of the borehole in the axial direction thereof, that is along the z axis.
  • Junctions between the several rigid elements can be of the male/female type or quick joint type and can contain the telescopic sleeves.
  • Such elements are able to adapt their length both in compression and extension depending on the soil movement.
  • the rigid tubes usually used for lining boreholes, they withstand higher pressures and deformations; their behavior is the one of a rigid tube able to adapt its length to the soil movement only at the telescopic joint. Due to such behavior therefore it is necessary to assemble the monitoring column such that telescopic sectors of the tube coincide with that of the monitoring column, paying attention in packers being placed externally to the settlement metering portion of the lining tube.
  • Figure 6 shows a section of a column showing a rigid module 1 and a part of at least one adjacent rigid module connected by a flexible joint 2.
  • the number of modules connected with one another can also be a high number considering the depths to which monitoring has to be carried out.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP17732217.9A 2016-05-05 2017-05-03 Monitoring apparatus Active EP3452663B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUA2016A003182A ITUA20163182A1 (it) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 Dispositivo per il monitoraggio 2D/3D di parametri geotecnici, geologici-strutturali, idrogeologici e geofisici di terreni, rocce e strutture in genere
PCT/IB2017/052551 WO2017191564A1 (en) 2016-05-05 2017-05-03 Apparatus for 2d/3d monitoring of geotechnical, geological-structural, hydrogeological and geophysical parameters of soils, rocks and structures in general

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3452663A1 EP3452663A1 (en) 2019-03-13
EP3452663B1 true EP3452663B1 (en) 2020-10-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17732217.9A Active EP3452663B1 (en) 2016-05-05 2017-05-03 Monitoring apparatus

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EP (1) EP3452663B1 (it)
IT (1) ITUA20163182A1 (it)
WO (1) WO2017191564A1 (it)

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CN108088417A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-05-29 上海建工集团股份有限公司 一种基坑围护结构高精度检测系统及检测方法
IT201800002465A1 (it) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-07 C S G S R L Sistema per il monitoraggio automatico wireless da remoto e in tempo reale di strutture, infrastrutture e settori di versante ad elevato rischio idrogeologico finalizzato alla salvaguardia della pubblica e privata incolumità
CN110231015A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-13 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 一种深层垂直位移监测点装置
CN111829899B (zh) * 2020-07-30 2023-03-14 河南城建学院 一种岩土层间剪切运动检测装置
CN112066946B (zh) * 2020-09-24 2022-04-15 李元勋 适用于室内模型试验的单孔分层沉降测量装置及方法
CN112921943B (zh) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-10 南京工业大学 一种水力埋设监测土体位移的设备及其使用方法
CN113049783A (zh) * 2021-03-23 2021-06-29 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心(华东地质科技创新中心) 一种地质数据获取方法
CN113237509B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2024-04-26 华北水利水电大学 一种全天候多功能的地质位移监测设备
DE102021113483A1 (de) * 2021-05-25 2022-12-01 Technische Universität Hamburg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Geotechnisches Verfahren
CN114542992B (zh) * 2022-02-24 2023-05-23 成都秦川物联网科技股份有限公司 基于物联网的天然气管网计量工况远程监控系统
CN114646293B (zh) * 2022-03-24 2024-02-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司华北油气分公司 一种应用于地面沉降监测的设备
CN116242238B (zh) * 2023-04-28 2023-07-18 山东鲁地建设发展有限公司 一种矿山生态修复用滑坡监测装置
CN116255962B (zh) * 2023-05-10 2023-08-04 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二水文地质工程地质大队(山东省鲁北地质工程勘察院) 一种埋入式地面沉降监测装置
CN117661646B (zh) * 2023-11-07 2024-05-17 中交二航局第一工程有限公司 灵活应用于管桩挤土效应的高精度测量装置及其施工方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITGE20110045A1 (it) * 2011-04-18 2012-10-19 C S G Srl Dispositivo e metodo per il monitoraggio di parametri geotecnici-strutturali di terreni, rocce e strutture in genere, in fori diversamente inclinati o giaciture su superfici aventi diversi orientamenti spaziali

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Publication number Publication date
ITUA20163182A1 (it) 2017-11-05
EP3452663A1 (en) 2019-03-13
WO2017191564A1 (en) 2017-11-09

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