EP3450646B1 - Planche pour un élément composite - Google Patents

Planche pour un élément composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3450646B1
EP3450646B1 EP18192422.6A EP18192422A EP3450646B1 EP 3450646 B1 EP3450646 B1 EP 3450646B1 EP 18192422 A EP18192422 A EP 18192422A EP 3450646 B1 EP3450646 B1 EP 3450646B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
board
boards
composite element
projection
recess
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18192422.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3450646A1 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Hansmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP22150654.6A priority Critical patent/EP3998387B1/fr
Publication of EP3450646A1 publication Critical patent/EP3450646A1/fr
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Publication of EP3450646B1 publication Critical patent/EP3450646B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0234—Angular dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0297—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements of which the width is less than the wall thickness
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
    • E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a board for a composite element formed by several identical boards, the board having a cross section along a longitudinal direction which has at least one recess and a first projection and a second projection, the board being designed in such a way that the first projection has a first such board and the second projection of a second such board lying next to the first board can be introduced into the recess of a third such board arranged on the adjacent boards, so that the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board with the recess respectively at least one inner contact surface and the two adjacent boards can be connected via a common lateral contact surface, the first board, the second board and the third board being able to be connected to one another in a form-fitting manner through the contact surfaces.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a composite element with at least one board of this type.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing such a composite element.
  • Boards for composite elements have also become known from the prior art, which allow a glue-free connection of several identical boards. However, such boards or composite elements have further disadvantages.
  • the EP 2 821 191 A1 a panel element made of wood, which consists of at least two layers of parallel boards arranged side by side, boards of two layers being connected to one another by dovetail joints.
  • the dovetail joints are in this case formed along a longitudinal direction of a board by successive dovetail-shaped recesses and projections, with the recesses and projections being oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction.
  • dovetail joints designed in this way have the disadvantage that a contact surface per dovetail joint is small and boards can be moved transversely to the longitudinal direction, i.e. along a shorter side, which is why various embodiments are disclosed in this document, in which additional means for fixing, such as pins and other connecting elements are provided.
  • additional means for fixing such as pins and other connecting elements are provided.
  • production of such a board is very expensive since each board has a large number of milled edges.
  • the WO 2005/003489 A1 discloses panels which have a slide-in plug-in profile, whereby two panels can be connected side by side.
  • these panels do not allow a layered structure of a composite element formed from them, since such panels can only be connected next to one another and not one on top of the other.
  • the WO 2010/020829 A1 discloses planks for constructing wall panels, wherein dovetail-shaped projections and corresponding recesses are provided to assemble multiple planks into a composite panel.
  • the FR 981.417 A discloses boards for constructing walls, boards being formed as slats and counter-slats, each with dovetail-shaped projections and corresponding recesses to connect them together.
  • the U.S. 2,104,307A discloses a method for producing a floor covering, in which several boards are connected with dovetail joints along their longitudinal axes and then strips of floor covering are cut off transversely to the longitudinal axis.
  • the FR 1.004.226A discloses an assembly of structural elements formed of stone or cement for erecting walls or panels of buildings, the structural elements being connected with dovetail joints.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a board of the type mentioned at the outset that is easy to produce and at the same time enables a firm, form-fitting connection of several boards to form a multi-layer composite element, such as a panel or beam.
  • a further object of the invention is to indicate a use for a composite element formed from such boards.
  • the first object of the invention is achieved by a board of the type mentioned at the outset, which is designed such that the board has at least one cutout in the recess and at least one cutout on the side of the board to provide cavities in the composite element.
  • a board according to the invention can, for example, be designed such that only one recess is provided on an upper side and/or underside of the board, which recess is delimited, for example, by projections. This results in very low production costs, since a single recess per side is sufficient to ensure a stable connection.
  • three or more identical boards can be connected to one another in two or more layers, since on the one hand each board has a recess into which the projections can engage, and on the other hand each board has projections which can engage in the recess of another board that two such projections can be accommodated in a recess.
  • two projections of two different boards are held together by the recess of a third board or the boards are pressed together, resulting in form-fitting stabilization.
  • a single recess per side is sufficient in principle, further recesses and projections can of course be provided.
  • the board is designed in such a way that several identical boards can be connected in a form-fitting manner, so that they can only be moved relative to one another in the longitudinal direction. This ensures that the boards can be pushed into one another to form the composite element, but are fixed in any other direction, i.e. up, down or to the side, which is why the boards of a composite element formed in this way hold together stably.
  • This is usually one Angle between the lateral contact surface and an inner contact surface is less than 180°, preferably between 20° and 90°, preferably between 40° and 85°, for example between 70° and 80°.
  • the recess can be dovetail-shaped in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or in a cross section, so that the width of the recess increases with increasing depth, and the projections have corresponding cross sections.
  • the at least one recess and the projections extend over the entire length of the board.
  • two or more boards can be pushed into one another at the front and, on the other hand, the connection over the entire length of the board on both sides of the recess is stabilized by the projections and fixed against movement transverse to the longitudinal direction.
  • first projection and the second projection are arranged in an edge region of the board are, wherein the at least one recess is formed in a region between these projections.
  • the board has at least two, in particular two or four, projections.
  • a board for a two-layer composite element can have two projections on an upper side.
  • boards have at least four projections, two each on the top and bottom, in order to enable a connection upwards and downwards. Due to the symmetry of an untreated board, it is irrelevant which side of the board is considered the top or bottom.
  • the board is designed in such a way that when several identical boards are arranged, a second board arranged next to a first board being connected to the first board by a first board and a second board arranged third board is positively connected, further contact surfaces are provided between the projections of the first board and / or the second board on the one hand and the recess of the third board on the other hand.
  • contact surfaces can be provided between two projections of different boards and/or further contact surfaces between one, two or more projections and the recess.
  • Three interconnected boards can, for example, have a further contact surface between the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board in addition to the inner contact surface and the lateral contact surface, with a connection of several boards gaining stability with an increasing number of contact surfaces.
  • a bung can be provided on a first side surface and a groove on a second side surface of the board.
  • Several bungs and corresponding grooves can also be provided, which are randomly distributed on the first and second side surface. It is important here that there is a corresponding groove on the other side surface for each bung.
  • a bung does not represent a projection in the sense of the above description. Projections are used herein to connect superimposed, partially overlapping boards, while the bung is intended to connect adjacent, aligned boards.
  • grooves can be provided on both side surfaces of the board and a tongue can be provided for connecting two adjacent boards.
  • the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board arranged next to the first board engage in the recess of the third board. This intervention ensures a positive fit in at least one spatial direction.
  • a further advantage arises when the boards are fixed perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the boards by an interaction of recesses and projections. Such a design ensures a form fit in a further spatial direction.
  • a composite element with particularly good mechanical properties results when the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board essentially completely fill the recess of the third board.
  • a form-fitting connection that is easy to produce, with which the boards are fixed in a form-fitting manner relative to one another in every direction with the exception of the longitudinal direction, can be achieved, for example, by means of boards with an approximately dovetail-shaped recess and projections, which essentially completely fill the dovetail-shaped recess when two boards are arranged side by side .
  • a tongue and groove connection can be provided between adjacent boards. This results in a particularly dense composite element, which can also be used as a vapor barrier.
  • boards which close off the composite element on an upper side and/or underside at least one side is designed without recesses and projections.
  • boards can be arranged on an outer side with projections and recesses only on one side and between the boards arranged on the outside boards with recesses and projections arranged both on the top and on the underside, with projections and recesses of all boards usually having approximately corresponding dimensions exhibit.
  • an overlapping width of the boards corresponds to about half a board width. This allows, for example, a recess in the middle of the board arranged and thus the board can be designed symmetrically. In addition, it is ensured that adjacent boards have a common contact surface. Alternatively, an asymmetrical overlap can be provided. However, in order to ensure tightness and a contact surface between adjacent boards, it is important that when three boards are connected, in which a first board is arranged next to a second board and the first board with the second board is positively connected by a third board arranged on these boards are connected, the sum of the overlapping widths of the first board with the third board and of the second board with the third board result in the total board width of the third board. For this purpose, the overlapping widths can correspond to 1 ⁇ 3 and 2/3 of the board width, for example.
  • the boards are connected by means of a press fit.
  • the press fit is particularly advantageous since a material connection and correspondingly harmful vapors or other volatile substances contained in an adhesive can be avoided and at the same time a tight composite element with high strength is achieved.
  • Insulation is particularly preferably provided. This can be arranged with advantage in cavities between the boards.
  • an insulating layer can be provided. This is usually arranged subsequent to a composite element, preferably between two composite elements.
  • the insulation or the insulation layer can comprise one or more different insulation materials.
  • Such insulating materials can be, for example, jasmine insulation, wood shavings and/or clay. It can be provided that a single insulating material or a combination of several insulating materials is used.
  • the wooden nails are provided for stabilization.
  • the wooden nails are advantageously inserted perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction in the composite element, in particular driven in, so that several boards lying one above the other are connected by them.
  • the wooden nails are in an interior of multiple layers having composite element arranged so that the wooden nails do not pierce the outermost layers and the wooden nails are therefore not visible from both an upper side and an underside of the composite element.
  • a further advantage results from a building with at least one composite element, the at least one composite element being provided as a wall panel, load-bearing element and/or vapor barrier. With sufficient thickness or a suitable coating, the composite element can also be used as a vapor barrier.
  • the further aim is achieved with the use of a composite element as a vapor barrier, wall panel and/or load-bearing element in and/or in a building.
  • a composite element as a vapor barrier, wall panel and/or load-bearing element in and/or in a building.
  • the procedural goal is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which at least three boards according to the invention are provided, after which a first board and a second board are arranged next to one another, after which a first projection of the first board and a second projection of the second board are combined into one Recess of a third board are introduced, so that the boards are positively fixed perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the boards, wherein the boards to provide cavities in the composite element have at least one cutout in the recess and at least one cutout on the side of the board.
  • the boards are formed from dry lumber.
  • any wood can be used for a composite element according to the invention, but it is favorable if the timber used has a bulk density of at least 500 kg/m 3 and/or a thermal vapor diffusion resistance of at least 10, in particular at least 30.
  • multi-layer solid wood panels can also be used as construction timber. By using such a wood, the function of the composite element as a vapor barrier is guaranteed.
  • the composite element is and/or will be moistened.
  • This increases the volume of the wood used. Enlarge by this increase in volume the boards correspondingly, whereby a contact pressure of the projections in the recesses increases and thus strengthens joints between the boards be so that a particularly strong and backlash-free connection or a press fit is achieved, which in turn ensures a high level of tightness of the composite element.
  • the connection by means of a press fit is thus essentially impossible to detach manually. Moistening can take place on the one hand actively, for example by steaming with steam, or passively by the mere absorption of atmospheric moisture by the composite element.
  • Fig. 1a shows a front view of a board 1 not covered by the scope of protection perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the board 1 with a central recess 2, a first projection 3 and a second projection 4.
  • the recess 2 and the two projections 3, 4, 11 are on an upper side of the Board 1 arranged so that the board 1 has a substantially C-shaped cross section.
  • An inner contact surface 5 is provided between the recess 2 and the first projection 3 or second projection 4 , which encloses an angle 7 with a lateral contact surface 6 .
  • at least one angle 7 is in a range between 0° and 180°.
  • Fig. 1b shows a to display in Fig. 1a analogous design of the board 1 not covered by the scope of protection, two recesses 2 and four projections 3, 4, 11 being provided.
  • the recesses 2 and the first projections 3, 4, 11 and the second projections 3, 4, 11 are each provided on the upper side and on a lower side, so that the board 1 has a substantially H-shaped cross section.
  • the upper and lower sides are to be understood here as those sides which correspond to the two longer sides in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the board 1 .
  • An alternating sequence of a projection 3, 4, 11 and a recess 2 represents a profile which can be arranged on one side of a board 1, i.e. only on the upper side, or on both sides, i.e. both on the upper side and on the underside .
  • a board 1 with such a one-sided profile on an upper side is in Fig. 1a and a board 1 with a double-sided profile both on the upper side and on the lower side is in, among others Fig. 1b shown.
  • 1c shows a two-layer composite element 8 not included in the scope of protection, comprising several identical boards 1 with a one-sided profile, in which a first board 1 and a second board 1 are connected by a third board 1 in each case.
  • the first projection 3 of the first board 1 and the second projection 4 of the second board 1 fills the recess 2 of the third board 1 completely.
  • Fig. 1d shows a four-layer composite element 8, with middle layers being formed by boards 1 with a profile on both sides.
  • the bottom and top layers are each formed by boards 1 with a one-sided profile in order to ensure a substantially level finish at the top or bottom.
  • Fig. 1e shows an exploded view of a three-layer embodiment of the composite element 8, wherein the boards 1 are spaced in the vertical direction, i.e. perpendicular to the tops and bottoms of the boards 1 of the middle layer, in which tops and bottoms recesses 2 and projections 3, 4, 11 are arranged .
  • FIG. 2a shows a second embodiment of the board 1 with a single recess 2, which is delimited by the first projection 3 and the second projection 4.
  • this board 1 has a bung 9 on the one hand and a groove 10 on the other hand on the lateral contact surfaces 6 .
  • a bung 9 or the groove 10 enlarges a lateral contact surface 6 and enables a denser and more stable connection of several identical boards 1 .
  • Figure 2b shows a two-layer composite element 8, wherein several identical boards 1 profiled on one side, each having a tongue 9 and groove 10, are connected. Again, a first board 1 is positively connected to a second board 1 arranged next to it by a third board 1 arranged on these boards 1, so that the boards 1 are positively fixed in every direction with the exception of the longitudinal direction of the boards 1.
  • Figures 2c and 2d each show multilayer composite elements 8, with middle layers being formed by boards 1 with a profile on both sides.
  • a first board 1 profiled on one side is thus positively connected in a bottom layer to an identical second board 1 arranged next to it by a third board 1 arranged on top of it, the third board 1 being configured with a profile on both sides.
  • Figures 2e and 2f show a three-dimensional representation of a two-layer or three-layer composite element 8.
  • Figure 3a shows a board 1 with a profile on both sides, a lug 9 and a groove 10 being formed on the lateral contact surfaces 6 .
  • Figure 3b shows a multi-layer structure of the composite element 8, the middle layers being formed by boards 1 with a profile on both sides and the outer layers, which form the composite element 8 in Figure 3b limit above and below, are formed by boards 1 with one-sided profile.
  • adjacent boards 1 are connected by a tongue and groove connection.
  • 3c shows a three-dimensional representation of such a composite element 8.
  • Figure 4a shows a further embodiment of a board 1, wherein two recesses 2, the first and the second projection 4 and a further projection 11 are provided.
  • the recesses 2 and projections 3, 4, 11 are arranged on the upper side of the board 1.
  • the recesses 2 are delimited by the first projection 3 and the further projection 11 or by the further projection 11 and the second projection 4 .
  • the first projection 3 and the second projection 4 are arranged in an edge area of the board 1, just as in all other embodiments.
  • Figure 4b shows a variant with a profile on both sides of the in Figure 4a shown board 1.
  • a board 1 has four recesses 2 and six projections 3, 4, 11, with two recesses 2 and three projections 3, 4, 11 being positioned on a top or bottom side.
  • Figures 4c to 4e each show a two-, three- and four-layer structure of such a composite element 8.
  • Figure 5a shows a further embodiment of the board 1 with a single recess 2.
  • the first projection 3 and the second projection 4 are arranged at a distance from the lateral contact surfaces 6 of the board 1.
  • Figure 5b shows the variant with a profile on both sides of the in Figure 5a shown board 1.
  • the recess 2 and the first and the second projection 4 are again provided twice, each on the top and bottom.
  • Figures 5c to 5e each show a two-, three- or four-layer embodiment of the composite element 8.
  • the projections 3, 4, 11 By spacing the projections 3, 4, 11 from the lateral contact surfaces 6, cavities 12 arise in the composite element 8, which can serve to reduce the weight of the composite element 8.
  • the cavities 12 can be filled with a filling material, for example for thermal insulation.
  • Figures 6a and 6b 12 each show a further embodiment of a board 1 profiled on one side and a board 1 profiled on both sides.
  • the inner contact surfaces 5 are parallel to one another, but, like in other embodiments, are aligned inclined towards the lateral contact surfaces 6.
  • an angle 7 between at least one of the two inner contact surfaces 5 and the lateral contact surface 6 is less than 180°. With this definition, the angle 7 is to be measured starting from the inner contact surface 5 following a circular line through the board 1, as shown in Fig. 1a and Figure 6a is indicated.
  • the angle 7 between the inner contact surface 5 on the first projection 3 and the lateral contact surface 6 is more than 180°, but the angle 7 between the inner contact surface 5 on the second projection 4 and the lateral contact surface 6 is less than 180°, so that a stable and tight connection can be achieved even with parallel inner contact surfaces 5 .
  • Figures 6c and 6d each show a two-layer or three-layer structure of a composite element 8 made of such boards 1.
  • Figure 7a shows the nesting of several boards 1.
  • the first and the second board 1 are placed next to each other, after which the first projection 3 of the first board 1 and the second projection 4 of the second board 1 are inserted into the recess 2 of the third board 1.
  • the third board 1 is translated relative to the first board 1 and the second board 1 in the direction of the arrow, for example pushed or pulled, until the front board ends of the first board 1, the second board 1 and the third board 1 terminate with one another.
  • FIG. 1 shows an alternative method in which the first and second board 1 are moved relative to the third board 1.
  • the boards 1 for such composite elements 8 can also be designed with any number of projections 3, 4, 11 and recesses 2, with features of all the embodiments shown being able to be combined with one another as desired.
  • Composite elements 8 formed in this way can have any large area, since the width of such a composite element 8 is only determined by the number of adjacent boards 1 and their width. Furthermore, such a composite element 8 can be of almost any thickness, since the thickness of such a composite element 8 is only determined by the number of layers and their thickness.
  • the length of the composite elements 8 is approximately 2 m, for example, and the width of the composite elements 8 is approximately 60 cm, for example.
  • a board 1 used for such a composite element 8 can then have a width of about 12 cm and a height of about 3 cm.
  • such composite elements 8 can be designed as beams, panels or the like.
  • the composite element can of course also have other elements in addition to the boards according to the invention, such as end-side edge boards here, in order to achieve a smooth finish of the carrier on the lateral surfaces.
  • a board 1 which has a substantially X-shaped cross-section.
  • this board 1 has several cutouts 14. At least one of the cutouts 14 is designed as an additional depression in the recess 2.
  • cutouts 14 are arranged on the side of the board 1 . In this case, laterally on the board 1 means that the cutouts 14 are arranged along a broad side of the board 1 .
  • cutouts 14 can also be provided on the projections 3, 4, 11. Millings 14 are essentially milled indentations in the board 1.
  • the millings 14 can be implemented differently, for example cut, sanded, planed or rasped.
  • a board 1 is also shown with a milling 14 in order to achieve a spacing of the projections 3, 4, 11 from the lateral contact surfaces 6 of the board 1.
  • groove 10 and bung 9 may be provided as an alternative to the cutouts 14 arranged on the side of the board 1, in particular analogously to the Figure 2a and Figure 3a illustrated boards 1, groove 10 and bung 9 may be provided.
  • the groove 10 and the bung 9 are preferably arranged laterally.
  • it can be provided that such a board 1 is formed with cutouts 14 on one side.
  • the recess 2 for connecting several boards 1 provided only on one side.
  • individual features of all embodiments can be combined as desired.
  • the board 1 typically has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis.
  • the transverse axis is in 9 shown dashed.
  • the longitudinal axis runs perpendicular to the image surface.
  • the board 1 is usually delimited around the longitudinal axis by the upper side, the broad side, the lower side and a further broad side, these sides each running along the longitudinal axis.
  • the board 1 is delimited by the top side, a front side, the bottom side and another front side running around the transverse axis.
  • a board 1 is shown in a plan view of the end face.
  • a composite element 8 such as a ceiling element, a roof element, a wall element or a floor element, is shown, which is formed from a plurality of boards 1 .
  • a top layer and a bottom layer are here formed by boards 1, as shown in Figure 2a are shown.
  • Such a board 1 is connected at the top or bottom via the recess 2 to boards 1 arranged above or below. Laterally, this board 1 is connected to an adjacent board 1 via a groove 10 or a bung 9 .
  • a plurality of further layers are preferably arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer.
  • Several layers are provided, which include boards 1 that have cutouts 14 . In the illustrated embodiment, four layers of boards 1 with cutouts 14 are shown.
  • any number of layers, in particular one, two, three or five layers of such boards 1 can be provided.
  • a multiplicity of cavities 12 are provided by the cutouts 14 .
  • Such cavities 12 are also exemplified in Figures 5a to 5e shown. These cavities 12 can serve as impact sound insulation or ensure a soft step when walking over such a ceiling and/or floor element.
  • Further layers of boards 1 can be provided underneath these layers, which preferably have an essentially H-shaped cross section.
  • Such boards 1 are, for example, in Fig. 1b shown. in the in 10 shown Embodiment, two layers of such boards 1 are shown.
  • any number of layers, in particular one, three, four or five layers of such boards 1 can be provided. Since these boards 1, which in particular are designed without cutouts 14, do not provide any cavities 12, they increase the stability of the composite element 8.
  • a wall element comprising a first composite element 8, wherein two layers are preferably formed by boards 1 with a groove 10 and bung 9 and several layers of H-shaped boards 1 are arranged between these two layers.
  • the H-shaped boards 1 can optionally have a groove 10 and a bung 9 .
  • another composite element 8 is shown, which is preferably formed from two layers, comprising boards 1 with a groove 10 and a bung 9 .
  • the first composite element 8 and the second composite element 8 are connected by struts 15 or beams.
  • an insulating layer 16 is arranged between the first composite element 8 and the second composite element 8, which can comprise, for example, insulating wool, wood shavings, clay and/or other insulating materials, in particular a mixture of wood shavings and clay.
  • a cladding 17 for example made of wood, in particular of larch wood, is provided, which is fixed to the second composite element 8 .
  • the cladding 17 is preferably arranged at a distance from the second composite element 8 so that a ventilation space 18 is provided.
  • plaster cladding or another cladding 17 can be provided instead of wood cladding.
  • Figure 11b is a variant of the in Figure 11a shown wall element shown, wherein the second composite element 8 is replaced by an alternative element, for example a different type of composite element 8 or one or more boards 1, panels, plates or the like.
  • the second composite element 8 can be of any desired design, possibly analogous to the first composite element 8 .
  • the first and the second composite element 8 can be of the same or different design.
  • both composite elements 8 can have any number of layers.
  • a wall element comprising a composite element 8, which is essentially constructed as shown in FIG 10 is shown.
  • a composite element 8 which is essentially constructed as shown in FIG 10 is shown.
  • the boards 1 with cutouts 14 are preferably in the form of X-shaped boards 1 .
  • Mounted on an outer layer is the cladding 17 which is preferably spaced apart from the outer layer to provide a ventilation space 18 .
  • FIGS 12b and 12c an insulating layer 16 and a second composite element 8 are arranged between the outer layer and the cladding 17, as shown in FIG Figure 11a is shown.
  • the in Figure 11a The embodiment shown here is expanded by several layers which provide cavities 12 .
  • Figure 12b is the second composite element 8 analogous to Figure 11a
  • in Figure 12c is the second composite element 8 analogous to Figure 11b educated.
  • boards 1 can be provided in which the recess 2 is arranged on both sides and the groove 10 and bung 9 are also provided.
  • Such boards 1 are, for example, in Figure 3a shown.
  • the recess 2 can have different depths on the two sides. In this case, this can serve to ensure a stable connection of the boards 1 with the struts 15.
  • the boards 1 are preferably made thicker than the remaining boards 1.
  • Such composite elements 8 are particularly preferably used in house construction as wall panels, panelling, beams or vapor barriers. However, the field of application is not limited to these examples.
  • FIG. 13 Another embodiment of the composite element 8 is shown, wherein several layers are connected via wooden nails 19.
  • the wooden nails 19 are preferably placed centrally in the boards 1 of the outer layers.
  • the wooden nails 19 are introduced in such a way that the groove 10 and bung 9 of these boards 1 remain untouched.
  • This representation is only to be regarded as an example.
  • Such wooden nails 19 can be provided in all embodiments of the composite element 8 in order to stabilize it or to increase the rigidity of the composite element 8 .
  • a length of the wooden nails 19 is preferably greater than half the thickness of the composite element 8.
  • the wooden nails 19 are particularly preferably driven or driven into the composite element 8 on both sides.
  • a diameter of the wooden nails 19 can be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the wooden nails 19 have a diameter of approximately 3 mm to 6 mm, particularly preferably approximately 5 mm to 5.5 mm.
  • the wooden nails 19 are usually different from the one shown in 13 illustrated embodiment arranged only in an interior of the composite element 8, so that they are visible neither from the top nor from the bottom of the composite element 8 and thus do not affect the visual appearance.
  • a building such as a wooden house can be produced in a simple manner without the use of glue or the like.
  • the composite elements 8 designed according to the invention can be used as load-bearing elements or as a vapor barrier. This enables a sustainable and at the same time cost-effective production of a wooden house.
  • the composite elements 8 can remain visible in the interior of the building, for example unplastered, in order to provide a visible composite element, a visible composite or a wall with a wood look on the inside.
  • the composite element 8 can be clad and/or plastered, preferably with a natural building material.
  • the composite element 8 can, for example, be clad with building boards, for example clay building boards, and/or plastered with the natural building material, for example clay.
  • the composite element 8 is particularly preferably covered with clay building boards, which are then plastered with clay.
  • the composite elements 8 can also be disposed of in a simple manner after use, for example by incineration, without polluting substances being released in the process.
  • a board 1 according to the invention and a composite element 8 according to the invention a completely ecological and at the same time cost-effective construction is achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Planche (1), destinée à un élément composite (8) formé de plusieurs planches (1) identiques, la planche (1) présentant le long d'une direction longitudinale une section transversale, laquelle comporte au moins un évidement (2) ainsi qu'une première saillie (3) et une deuxième saillie (4), la planche (1) étant conçue de telle sorte que la première saillie (3) d'une première planche (1) de ce type et la deuxième saillie (4) d'une deuxième planche (1) de ce type, située à côté de la première planche (1) soient susceptibles d'être introduites dans l'évidement (2) d'une troisième planche (1) de ce type, placée sur les planches (1) contiguës, de sorte que la première saillie (3) de la première planche (1) et la deuxième saillie (4) de la deuxième planche (1) soient susceptibles d'être assemblée avec l'évidement (2) par l'intermédiaire de chaque fois au moins une surface de contact (5) interne et que les deux planches (1) contiguës soient susceptibles d'être assemblées par l'intermédiaire d'une surface de contact (6) latérale commune, la première planche (1), la deuxième planche (1) et la troisième planche (1) étant susceptibles d'être assemblées les unes avec les autres par complémentarité de forme par les surfaces de contact (5, 6), caractérisée en ce que pour mettre à disposition des cavités (12) dans l'élément composite (8), la planche (1) comporte au moins un fraisage (14) dans l'évidement (2) et au moins un fraisage (14) latéralement sur la planche (1).
  2. Planche (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'au moins un évidement (2) et les saillies (3, 4, 11) s'étendent sur une longueur totale de la planche (1) et/ou la première saillie (3) et la deuxième saillie (4) sont placées dans une zone marginale de la planche (1), l'au moins un évidement (2) étant conçu dans une zone située entre lesdites saillies (3, 4, 11).
  3. Planche (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la planche (1) est conçue de telle sorte, que lors d'un placement plusieurs planches (1) identiques, une deuxième planche (1) placée à côté d'une première planche (1) étant susceptible d'être assemblée par complémentarité de forme avec la première planche (1) par une troisième planche (1) placée sur la première planche (1) et sur la deuxième planche (1), des surfaces de contact (5, 6) supplémentaires puissent être prévues entre les saillies (3, 4, 11) de la première planche (1) et/ou de la deuxième planche (1) d'une part et l'évidement (2) de la troisième planche (1) d'autre part.
  4. Elément composite (8), comportant plusieurs planches (1), lesquelles sont montées notamment en forme de couches, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins trois planches (1) sont conçues selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, une première planche (1) et une deuxième planche (1) étant placées de manière contiguë et assemblées par complémentarité de forme par une troisième planche (1) .
  5. Elément composite (8) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la première saillie (3) de la première planche (1) et la deuxième saillie (4) de la deuxième planche (1) placée à côté de la première planche (1) s'engagent dans l'évidement (2) de la troisième planche (1).
  6. Elément composite (8) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les planches (1) sont fixées par une interaction d'évidements (2) et de saillies (3, 4, 11) à la perpendiculaire de la direction longitudinale des planches (1).
  7. Elément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la première saillie (3) de la première planche (1) et la deuxième saillie (4) de la deuxième planche (1) remplissent de manière sensiblement totale l'évidement (2) de la troisième planche (1).
  8. Elément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que sur des planches (1) qui terminent l'élément composite (8) sur une face supérieure et/ou sur une face inférieure, au moins une face est conçue sans évidements (2) ni saillies (3, 4, 11).
  9. Elément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'une largeur de chevauchement des planches (1) correspond approximativement à une demie largeur de planche.
  10. Bâtiment doté d'au moins un einem élément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un élément composite (8) est prévu sous la forme de panneau mural, d'élément porteur et/ou d'écran pare-vapeur.
  11. Utilisation d'un élément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, en tant qu'écran pare-vapeur, que panneau mural et/ou qu'élément porteur sur ou dans un bâtiment.
  12. Procédé, destiné à fabriquer un élément composite (8), notamment un élément composite (8) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, au moins trois planches (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 étant mises à disposition, suite à quoi, une première planche (1) et une deuxième planche (1) étant placées de manière contiguë, suite à quoi une première saillie (3) de la première planche (1) et une deuxième saillie (4) de la deuxième planche (1) sont introduites dans un évidement (2) d'une troisième planche (1), de sorte que des planches (1) soient fixées par complémentarité de forme à la perpendiculaire d'un axe longitudinal des planches (1), caractérisé en ce que pour mettre à disposition des cavités (12) dans l'élément composite (8), les planches (1) comportent au moins un fraisage (14) dans l'évidement (2) et au moins un fraisage (14) latéralement sur la planche (1) .
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'on conçoit les planches (1) en bois de construction sec et/ou en ce que l'on humidifie l'élément composite (8).
EP18192422.6A 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Planche pour un élément composite Active EP3450646B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22150654.6A EP3998387B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Élément assemblé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50743/2017A AT520388B1 (de) 2017-09-04 2017-09-04 Brett für ein Verbundelement

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22150654.6A Division EP3998387B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Élément assemblé
EP22150654.6A Division-Into EP3998387B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Élément assemblé

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EP3450646A1 EP3450646A1 (fr) 2019-03-06
EP3450646B1 true EP3450646B1 (fr) 2022-02-16

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EP22150654.6A Active EP3998387B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Élément assemblé
EP18192422.6A Active EP3450646B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Planche pour un élément composite

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EP22150654.6A Active EP3998387B1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2018-09-04 Élément assemblé

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AT (1) AT520388B1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021009330A1 (fr) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 James Hardie Technology Limited Procédés de réduction de déchets de fibrociment et articles en fibrociment produits à partir de ceux-ci
AT524103B1 (de) * 2020-07-24 2022-12-15 Schmidt Michael Element für ein Verbundelement
AT526654B1 (de) * 2023-04-20 2024-06-15 Surenergy Gmbh Innenmodul einer Holzwand und Holzwand

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1004226A (fr) * 1947-03-21 1952-03-27 éléments de construction et procédé de constructions

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2104307A (en) * 1935-11-04 1938-01-04 Theodore H Miller Method of forming end grain flooring
FR981417A (fr) * 1943-04-05 1951-05-25 Pargefin Sa Procédé de construction par éléments normalisés assemblés et produit obtenu
US2884780A (en) * 1953-09-22 1959-05-05 Ramirez Tomas Chavez Wall of interlocked blocks
DE8708908U1 (de) * 1987-06-27 1987-08-20 Zirec Zieringer GmbH & Co Recycling, 6140 Bensheim Trenneinrichtung bzw. Schutzeinrichtung für Verkehrsflächen
SI1639215T1 (sl) 2003-07-02 2011-11-30 Interglarion Ltd Plošče z zapahnilnimi spojnimi profili
CA2761730A1 (fr) * 2005-01-20 2010-02-25 Jim Riviere Assemblage d'elements massifs
PL2821191T3 (pl) 2013-07-02 2016-03-31 Gerhard Weissteiner Element płytowy z drewna

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1004226A (fr) * 1947-03-21 1952-03-27 éléments de construction et procédé de constructions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT520388B1 (de) 2019-06-15
EP3450646A1 (fr) 2019-03-06
EP3998387A1 (fr) 2022-05-18
EP3998387B1 (fr) 2023-10-25
EP3998387C0 (fr) 2023-10-25
AT520388A1 (de) 2019-03-15

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