EP3450050A1 - Dispositif de coulée basse pression - Google Patents

Dispositif de coulée basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3450050A1
EP3450050A1 EP18188900.7A EP18188900A EP3450050A1 EP 3450050 A1 EP3450050 A1 EP 3450050A1 EP 18188900 A EP18188900 A EP 18188900A EP 3450050 A1 EP3450050 A1 EP 3450050A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
refractory
riser
furnace
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18188900.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kurtz GmbH
Original Assignee
Kurtz GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kurtz GmbH filed Critical Kurtz GmbH
Publication of EP3450050A1 publication Critical patent/EP3450050A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for low-pressure casting.
  • a corresponding device for low-pressure casting accordingly comprises a furnace chamber in which a crucible can be arranged, a corresponding heating device for heating a melt held in the crucible. Furthermore, the furnace chamber can be acted upon with a gas, wherein in the crucible, a riser pipe is arranged such that after a corresponding loading of the furnace chamber with a gas, e.g. Compressed air, the melt is pressed via a riser in a mostly two-part mold (movable shell, fixed base), wherein a mold cavity of the mold is filled by the rising melt.
  • the mold may have a plunger and air-controlled closures.
  • casting cores also in the form of core packages, are required, which are fixed at appropriate points of the mold before the mold is filled. After cooling, the mold is opened and the casting removed.
  • the cores used whose binder is gasified or burned, are removed from the casting by a vibrator. Salt cores are also used, for the removal of which the casting is placed in water. Metallic cores are pulled with a pinch iron before the mold is opened.
  • Sand casting plants offer a wide range of applications. This starts with the forms, which range from chemically bonded sand molds to constructions with greensand molding machines to plaster molds for special parts with high demands on contour accuracy. In fine casting in ceramic molds even fine structures of 1 mm wall thickness are possible. As varied as the shapes are, so different are the parts. From small parts weighing only a few kilograms to full housings weighing 260 kg and more, this results in a wide range from high-tech prototype parts through to large-scale production.
  • From the DE 10 2008 051 998 A1 shows a casting process in which liquid casting material from a low-pressure furnace and the low pressure via a pouring column against gravity is transported to a sand-embedded foam model of a cast body in a casting container. In doing so, the foam model is destroyed, leaving behind a cavity which is filled up with the casting material. In this case, it is provided that the low pressure at the low-pressure furnace is lowered to the extent that at least part of the still existing in the pouring column and still liquid casting material flows back into the low-pressure furnace after completion of the casting.
  • a longitudinally elongated shape is understood to mean that the furnace chamber is approximately rectangular in plan view with or without rounded corners or elliptical or oval. That is, there are provided molds having a greater length compared to their width, so that an extension along the length of the mold in plan view is referred to as a longitudinal direction.
  • the furnace chamber in a plan view has a greater length compared to its width, so that the furnace chamber forms a longitudinally elongated shape, preferably approximately evenly distributed over about 60% to 95% of the length of the crucible several, can be arranged in the vertical direction, risers are arranged, can be provided over a furnace chamber with a single cylindrical crucible, a significantly larger riser distance. In this way it is possible to produce relatively large and / or thin-walled castings.
  • a grid of risers can be provided which can extend over a greater distance than conventional furnaces.
  • the distance between two riser tubes spaced apart from one another in such a grid is referred to as a riser distance.
  • the distance between two adjacent riser tubes in such a riser grid is referred to as riser spacing.
  • the invention thus allows grid with a riser distance of at least 250 mm and in particular at least 200 mm.
  • the riser distance may be at least 105 cm or at least 110 cm, preferably at least 135 cm, in particular at least 150 cm or at least 180 cm or at least 200 cm.
  • the invention can provide a larger crucible volume compared to conventional ovens. In this way, more material is available for potting.
  • the liquid metal reaches all the short path forming areas within the mold and reliably fills them before, and in particular, the remote from the gate thin-walled areas of the casting mold to be used solidification.
  • the device according to the invention for low pressure casting thus enables a controlled pressure filling process and is particularly suitable for the production of thin-walled cast parts due to the large riser distance. Furthermore, the device according to the invention can be easily fully automated, whereby a high efficiency in series production is achieved by controllable processes.
  • a low-turbulence mold filling with a multiplicity of different pressure curves for a mold filling process can be used with the device according to the invention.
  • the pressure can be controlled with a pressure curve, in which up to 20 points (pressure / time) can be controlled consecutively. Due to a high pressure feed, it is possible to achieve best microstructural properties in the component to be cast.
  • the plurality of riser tubes are arranged over a length of approximately 60% to 75% to approximately 75% to 95% in the longitudinal direction of the crucible.
  • a smallest distance between two riser tubes arranged in the longitudinal direction, in each case at the end, or the riser tubes which are furthest apart from one another in the longitudinal direction or at the ends may amount to at least 105 cm or 110 cm to 220 cm.
  • a smallest distance of the end risers also in the range between 115 cm to 195 cm or 120 cm to 190 cm or 130 cm to 180 cm amount.
  • the crucible device may be a trough-shaped crucible having in a plan view in approximately an elongated shape.
  • a trough-like crucible is understood to mean a shape which, in a plan view, has a greater length compared to the width and, for example, has a rectangular shape with rounded or bevelled corners or oval or elliptical.
  • the crucible on a greater extent in the longitudinal direction in comparison to a transverse thereto extending width direction or a width and a vertically extending height.
  • the heating device can then preferably be arranged in the crucible in the region of a bottom wall delimiting the crucible and or surrounding it in the vertical direction.
  • the heating device extends in the region of the bottom wall in the horizontal direction, in particular transversely to the longitudinal direction or in the longitudinal direction.
  • the heating device is arranged in the region of a bottom wall delimiting the crucible, the melt can be heated from below.
  • the crucible is loaded with liquid melt.
  • the heater must therefore only provide the heat that is released from the melt during the residence time in the crucible. The heater is not used to melt the melt.
  • the heating device is arranged in the region of the bottom of the crucible, it is possible to additionally provide radiant heaters above the melt. This allows additional heat. However, such radiant heaters limit the grid of risers, which is why preferably alone a heating device provided in the bottom area is formed.
  • the crucible means may comprise two crucibles, circular in plan view, arranged in the furnace chamber.
  • each crucible having at least one riser, a large riser distance can also be provided in relation to a furnace chamber with a single crucible which is circular in plan view.
  • These two crucibles can be arranged slightly spaced apart in the horizontal direction. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the two crucibles overlap each other slightly in an adjoining area, so that the two crucibles are spatially separated from one another by a common partition wall.
  • Each of these crucibles may have a separate pressure device.
  • the two pressure devices each have a separate pressure control device for the individual crucibles.
  • the heater may surround each of the crucibles in a horizontal plan view from above at an angle of approximately, 200 °, 235 °, 270 ° and 300 °, respectively. In this way, extremely efficient heating of the melt held in the crucibles is possible.
  • the crucibles may be approximately cylindrical in shape and have a circular cross-section in a plan view from above. Due to the circular cross-section of the crucible are more uniform pressure conditions in the melt before, if this means the pressure device to be pressurized by applying an overpressure to the furnace chamber with pressure.
  • a circulation device for circulating the melt held in the crucible or crucibles can be provided.
  • This circulation device can be designed, for example, as a rotor or as an impeller in order to circulate the melt for uniform heating with the circulation device.
  • the riser tubes of the crucible preferably form, in plan view, a roughly rectangular or oval riser array for filling a casting mold.
  • the riser tube may comprise at least eight riser tubes in the longitudinal direction, in particular at least ten and preferably at least twelve riser tubes, and at least three or at least four riser tubes in a width direction extending transversely thereto.
  • the low pressure casting apparatus may be molded into a mold having a footprint of about 2.20 mx 1.35 cm.
  • the furnace wall may comprise a furnace outer wall which is preferably made of steel and / or an oven intermediate wall provided between the furnace outer wall and the heating means and / or crucibles, which is preferably made of ceramic.
  • the crucibles may be formed substantially of clay graphite with a silicon content.
  • the device according to the invention for low-pressure casting with preferably an approximately rectangular or oval riser array, for example, light metal castings with particularly high demands on strength, elongation, pressure tightness and weldability can be produced.
  • the qualitative and economic advantages of the device according to the invention for heavy-duty aluminum castings is due to the two crucibles and the riser array.
  • the melt is introduced by gas pressurization of the crucible via the riser array or a Verteilerbox programmable and controllable in the mold made of steel or cast iron. After inserting the edge shell solidification, the gas pressure is increased to Dichtspeisung, the feed pressure is here about forty times higher than in gravity casting.
  • the low-pressure casting of aluminum castings in molds on the device according to the invention has considerable advantages due to the trough-shaped crucible or the two crucibles and the riser array.
  • the mold filling is extremely low turbulence and the machine side is controlled by different pressure curves for only one mold filling process, which is particularly useful for the production of high quality parts.
  • the melt has no contact with the environment during mold filling, so it remains clean. Due to the high pressure feed, these castings are dense and get the best structural properties.
  • the casting process can be highly automated on a device according to the invention for low-pressure casting, which is why the method is also particularly well suited for series production.
  • the device for low-pressure casting can therefore be provided with a pouring control device, which in addition to the form determination also allows the use of several other pressure levels with a control accuracy of +/- 1 mbar, and can be equipped with handling robots, peripherals and conveyor technology.
  • a highly productive embodiment is a device for low pressure with Shuttle Lobofen and media tree cooling (water, air, mist) and control over time and temperature, which allows even the reliable production of complex casting assortments such as engine blocks or chassis parts and so on.
  • Low-pressure casting is particularly suitable for the production of thin-walled castings due to the controlled pressure filling process.
  • the present invention can also be designed as a device for low-pressure mold casting. This is mainly used for the production of light metal castings (aluminum and magnesium).
  • the low-pressure castings are used in demanding mechanical engineering, chassis, transmission and engine construction as well as in vacuum or hydraulic-tight castings.
  • the present invention may also be designed for low-pressure sand casting, where sand molds are used instead of the metallic molds.
  • the device 1 comprises a furnace chamber 2.
  • the furnace chamber 2 is delimited by a furnace wall 3.
  • a width direction 10 is provided in the horizontal plane, over which the trough-shaped crucible extends over a width 11 of approximately 120 cm to 150 cm.
  • a heating device 13 is provided in the region of a bottom wall 12 of the crucible.
  • the heating device 13 preferably comprises a plurality of electrical heating rods 14 extending in the horizontal direction in the region of the bottom wall 12.
  • the device 1 has a furnace chamber and in particular the crucible 7 covering the furnace lid 15.
  • the furnace lid 15 eighteen riser sleeves 17 are provided according to this embodiment. In the riser sleeves 17 corresponding risers 18 are arranged. The eighteen risers 15 form a rectangular riser array 19 (dashed line).
  • a two-part mold (not shown) can be arranged.
  • This mold may, for example, have a movable upper part and a fixedly arranged or fixed lower part.
  • the mold delimits a mold cavity which can be filled by the melt rising in the riser pipes.
  • such a casting mold has at least one casting plunger.
  • the furnace chamber 2 is formed as an airtight container or space.
  • the furnace chamber 2 has at least one connection for connection to a pressure device (not shown) for applying an overpressure to the furnace chamber.
  • the device is preferably designed as a low-pressure casting furnace.
  • the overpressure is generated by supplying dried air (dew point about -40 ° C).
  • the furnace lid 15 can be provided with flaps closable filling openings (not shown).
  • openings are dimensioned such that a circulation device (not shown), such as a rotor or an impeller, can be passed therethrough.
  • a circulation device such as a rotor or an impeller
  • the furnace For cleaning the furnace is then provided to immerse the circulation device in the melt and to supply gas.
  • the gas used is preferably nitrogen or argon.
  • the gas bubbles transport the dirt to the surface, where it can be removed as scabies.
  • This process can also be done by lifting the furnace lid 15.
  • the openings may also be provided for filling the crucible.
  • the furnace may be provided with one or more purging stones, with which flushing gas can be supplied to the furnace.
  • filling channels allow the furnace to be filled without the furnace having to be moved out of a corresponding machine.
  • the filling preferably takes place via a filter device in order to limit the supply of dirt.
  • the device 1 according to the invention for low-pressure casting is explained by way of example with reference to a second exemplary embodiment ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Unless otherwise described, this device has the same technical features as a device designed according to the first embodiment. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the device 1 comprises the furnace chamber 2.
  • the furnace chamber 2 is delimited by the furnace wall 3.
  • the furnace wall 3 has the Ofenau touchwandung 4, which is formed of steel. Furthermore, the furnace wall 3, the furnace intermediate wall 5, which is formed of ceramic.
  • the furnace chamber 2 is formed in a plan view or in a horizontal cross-section approximately oval.
  • the crucible device 6 is arranged.
  • the crucible device 6 comprises at least two crucibles 7, which are arranged in the furnace chamber 3.
  • the crucibles 7 are formed substantially of graphite with a silicon content.
  • the heating device 13 is arranged in the area between the furnace intermediate wall 5 and the two crucibles 7.
  • the furnace covers 15 6 equidistant from each other arranged riser sleeves 17 are provided according to this embodiment.
  • the furnace lid 15 is formed identically in the region of both crucible 6, so that twelve riser sleeves 17 are provided according to this embodiment.
  • the casting mold may, for example, have a movable upper part and a fixedly arranged or fixed lower part.
  • the mold delimits a mold cavity which can be filled by the melt rising in the riser pipes. Furthermore, such a casting mold has at least one casting plunger.
  • the riser pipe can be formed with almost any number of riser pipes.
  • One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more riser tubes can be arranged in each crucible.
  • the risers are always equally spaced from each other and form according to the oval furnace chamber or due to the two crucibles 6 usually in a plane transverse to the crucible longitudinal direction extending riser 16 from.
  • the riser pipes can also be designed as multiple risers.
EP18188900.7A 2017-09-01 2018-08-14 Dispositif de coulée basse pression Withdrawn EP3450050A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202017105293.1U DE202017105293U1 (de) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 Vorrichtung zum Niederdruckgießen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3450050A1 true EP3450050A1 (fr) 2019-03-06

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EP18188900.7A Withdrawn EP3450050A1 (fr) 2017-09-01 2018-08-14 Dispositif de coulée basse pression

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US (1) US10850320B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3450050A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109420752A (fr)
DE (1) DE202017105293U1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT522098A1 (de) 2019-02-15 2020-08-15 Fill Gmbh Schmelzeofen sowie ein Verfahren zum Schmelzen und/oder Temperieren von Metallschmelze
CN110918940B (zh) * 2019-12-18 2021-12-31 内蒙古工业大学 一种大型有色金属薄壁结构件的铸造装置及铸造方法

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DE19936973A1 (de) 1999-08-05 2001-02-08 Induga Industrieoefen Und Gies Vorrichtung zum Niederdruckgießen von Metallen
US6581673B1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2003-06-24 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Method for controlling the filling of a mold cavity of a casting machine
WO2006010601A2 (fr) * 2004-07-26 2006-02-02 University College Dublin National University Of Ireland, Dublin Procede de production d'un composant a gradient fonctionnel
DE102004050781A1 (de) 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Tu Bergakademie Freiberg Niederdruckvollformgiessverfahren durch geregelte Formfüllung
DE102008051998A1 (de) 2008-10-16 2009-05-20 Daimler Ag Gießverfahren
CN203843149U (zh) * 2014-05-23 2014-09-24 阜新市万达铸业有限公司 低压铸造保温炉

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Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19901705A1 (de) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-06 Manfred Westermeyer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Kolbenrohlingen aus Leichtmetall insbesondere für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
DE19936973A1 (de) 1999-08-05 2001-02-08 Induga Industrieoefen Und Gies Vorrichtung zum Niederdruckgießen von Metallen
US6581673B1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2003-06-24 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Method for controlling the filling of a mold cavity of a casting machine
WO2006010601A2 (fr) * 2004-07-26 2006-02-02 University College Dublin National University Of Ireland, Dublin Procede de production d'un composant a gradient fonctionnel
DE102004050781A1 (de) 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Tu Bergakademie Freiberg Niederdruckvollformgiessverfahren durch geregelte Formfüllung
DE102008051998A1 (de) 2008-10-16 2009-05-20 Daimler Ag Gießverfahren
CN203843149U (zh) * 2014-05-23 2014-09-24 阜新市万达铸业有限公司 低压铸造保温炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202017105293U1 (de) 2018-12-06
CN109420752A (zh) 2019-03-05
US10850320B2 (en) 2020-12-01
US20190070659A1 (en) 2019-03-07

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