EP3441529A1 - Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3441529A1
EP3441529A1 EP17020351.7A EP17020351A EP3441529A1 EP 3441529 A1 EP3441529 A1 EP 3441529A1 EP 17020351 A EP17020351 A EP 17020351A EP 3441529 A1 EP3441529 A1 EP 3441529A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
freezing
section
exhaust gas
refrigerant
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17020351.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3441529B1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Schmand
Abraham Sliwo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to PL17020351T priority Critical patent/PL3441529T3/pl
Priority to EP17020351.7A priority patent/EP3441529B1/fr
Priority to US16/047,169 priority patent/US10655293B2/en
Priority to SG10201806676VA priority patent/SG10201806676VA/en
Priority to CN201810901652.0A priority patent/CN109387002A/zh
Publication of EP3441529A1 publication Critical patent/EP3441529A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3441529B1 publication Critical patent/EP3441529B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for freezing soil.
  • So-called ground freezing or glazing methods are used according to the state of the art for consolidating or sealing ground. It is known e.g. Processes that use liquid nitrogen or liquefied air as a coolant. Also known is the icing with a brine, which in turn is tempered by a refrigeration system. The icing with liquid nitrogen is due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen much faster than with brine, whereas the running costs (energy costs) with longer freezing times in liquid nitrogen are significantly higher than brine.
  • devices for freezing of soils are introduced into the ground for ground freezing methods with so-called freezing lances, wherein the freezing lances have an outer tube and two downpipes arranged in an inner space.
  • a refrigerant e.g. a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen
  • a refrigerant e.g. a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen
  • the exhaust gas (e.g., gaseous nitrogen) produced in the interior by evaporating the refrigerant is conducted to the earth's surface via the second downcomer according to the methods of the prior art.
  • the cold gaseous nitrogen emerging at the earth's surface from the second downcomer can accumulate near the bottom, which can lead to asphyxiation in this area.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for freezing soil comprising a freeze lance extended along a longitudinal axis adapted to be inserted into the soil for freezing soil, the freezing lance comprising a shell having an interior space with a first portion (Also referred to as the freezing area) surrounds for receiving a liquid refrigerant, wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is coolable by means of the refrigerant located in the first section or the soil surrounding the freezing lance heat is deprived of heat by means of the refrigerant in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and a protruding into the interior conduit for providing the liquid refrigerant in the first portion of the interior, the apparatus having a first end portion, at which a first opening for withdrawing a by evaporation of the refrigerant
  • the inner space is provided with a second section (also referred to as a heating area) adjoining the first section along the longitudinal axis for receiving the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas in the second section
  • heat can be exchanged, in particular in the second section, between the exhaust gas flowing through the interior space and the jacket, so that the exhaust gas can be heated by heat exchange with the ground adjacent to the freezer lance.
  • Said first end portion may be defined by the freezing lance, or its jacket, or by a separate part, e.g. a freezing head, be formed.
  • the device further comprises at the first end portion a freezing head connected to the freezing lance, the freezing head in particular forming the first end portion.
  • the freezing head has the line for providing the liquid refrigerant and / or the first opening for drawing off the exhaust gas.
  • the freezing head may form at least a part of the second portion for receiving the exhaust gas.
  • the freezing head may e.g. be soldered to the freezing lance. During normal operation of the device, the freezing head is located in particular outside the soil.
  • the soil surrounding the freezing lance is advantageously used.
  • separate devices for heating the exhaust stream can be omitted and it costs and energy saved.
  • first end portion adjoins the second portion and the shell has a second end portion adjacent to the first portion.
  • the said device may, when used as intended, be e.g. be arranged such that the longitudinal axis is vertical, wherein the first portion is disposed below the second portion, and wherein the first end portion of the shell is arranged at the top. In this case, in particular, the first end section is arranged outside the soil to be frozen. Alternatively, the device may be aligned in the intended use in any other direction.
  • the freezing lance may e.g. have a total length of 20 meters, with the lower 10 meters forming the first section and the upper 10 meters forming the second section. In this case, e.g. positioning an opening of the conduit for providing the coolant at a depth of 19.7 meters, that is 0.3 meters above the lower end of the freezing lance.
  • freeze lance e.g. 60 meters or more, conceivable.
  • the apparatus for freezing soil has a first temperature measuring device, in particular a temperature measuring lance, which is arranged at a transitional area between the first section and the second section and is formed at the transitional area between the first section and the second section to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • a tube with a temperature sensor is pulled to a depth that can be used to measure a reference temperature in order to regulate or adjust a certain temperature of the first section required for freezing.
  • a thermocouple can be introduced directly into the freezing lance, so that a direct temperature measurement is possible.
  • the temperature of the first section can therefore be adjusted more precisely (optimized temperature control at the point of use), in particular when the exhaust gas flow is heated on the way to the earth's surface. This leads to cost savings due to a more precisely determinable consumption of refrigerant.
  • the first means for measuring temperature may e.g. be positioned at a depth of 10 meters with respect to the Earth's surface when the total length of the freezing lance is 20 meters and the lower 10 meters serve as the first section.
  • the first device for temperature measurement is displaceable along the longitudinal axis.
  • the soil freezing device includes a second temperature sensing device positioned at the first port and configured to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first port.
  • the exhaust gas temperature can be determined in a simple manner, which makes it possible to deduce the temperature in the first section.
  • the flow of the refrigerant into the first section can be controlled or regulated to achieve a certain temperature of the first section.
  • both a first device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the transition region between the first section and the second section as well as a second device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first opening may be provided.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for freezing soil by means of a soil freezing device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the freezing lance is at least partially introduced into soil, and wherein a liquid refrigerant is provided in the first portion of the interior of the freezing lance wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is cooled by means of the refrigerant located in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and wherein in a second portion adjacent to the first portion by evaporation of the refrigerant, an exhaust gas is formed, wherein the exhaust gas at the first end portion of the freezing lance is withdrawn from the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas in the second portion exchanges heat with the jacket so that the exhaust gas is heated by heat exchange with the soil adjacent to the shell.
  • the heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the soil takes place mainly over that portion of the shell, which surrounds the second portion or heating region of the interior.
  • the refrigerant is a cryogenic liquefied gas, in particular liquid nitrogen (N 2 ).
  • a first temperature of the exhaust gas is measured at the transition region between the first section and the second section, in particular by means of the first device for measuring temperature.
  • a second temperature in particular of the exhaust gas drawn off from the interior, is measured at the first opening at the first end section of the freezing lance (for example at the freezing head), in particular by means of the second device for temperature measurement.
  • an inflow of the refrigerant into the interior space is controlled or regulated by means of the first temperature and / or the second temperature, in particular by means of a control and / or regulating device.
  • the inflow of the refrigerant can be controlled or regulated in the first section, for example by means of a valve, wherein by means of the valve, a flow connection between a refrigerant tank and the first section, in particular the line, can be interrupted and / or throttled.
  • a plurality of freezing lances are introduced into the soil, wherein the first temperature and / or the second temperature is measured only at a part of the freezing lances.
  • the plurality of freezing lances are provided in a so-called freezing field formed by a plurality of freezing lances intended to freeze a portion of the soil.
  • a part of the frozen lances is equipped with a device for temperature measurement, in particular temperature lance (eg 10% of the freezing lances)
  • the other launcher lances are then adjusted in particular via setting values on the exhaust side (ie above the target value of the exhaust gas temperature at the first end section of the respective freezing lance) means the coolant flow is adjusted accordingly, that there is a certain temperature in the first section.
  • the temperatures at a certain depth at different freezing lances are comparable.
  • the refrigerant is stored at a positive pressure, that is, at an elevated pressure compared to an atmospheric pressure in a refrigerant tank, wherein the refrigerant is introduced from the refrigerant tank in the first portion of the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas by a pressure difference between the Interior and a communicating with the first opening in fluid communication environment of the freezing lance is withdrawn via the first opening from the interior.
  • the output side of the first opening atmospheric pressure prevails, that is, the system of refrigerant tank and freezing lance or interior of the freezing lance is the output side of the first opening without pressure.
  • the pressure difference between the interior and the environment thus causes the exhaust gas to flow through the first opening into the environment or is pressed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention in longitudinal section with respect to a longitudinal axis L, along which the device 1 is extended.
  • the device 1 has a freezing lance 10 with a jacket 11, wherein the jacket 11 surrounds an inner space 12, in particular in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
  • the shell 11 may have any shape in cross section with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
  • the jacket 11 is circular in cross section with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
  • the jacket can e.g. a diameter of 50 to 60 mm, in particular 54 mm.
  • the jacket 11 is made of a good thermal conductivity material, e.g. Copper, formed so that a good heat transfer between the located in the inner space 12 refrigerant K and the surrounding soil is ensured.
  • a good thermal conductivity material e.g. Copper
  • the shell 11 has a front end 2 arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis L and a first end portion 2 opposite the end face arranged second end portion 3.
  • the first end portion 2 is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment formed by a freezing head 5, which is connected to the freezing lance 10, for example by soldering.
  • the longitudinal axis L runs e.g. vertical, wherein the first end portion 2 forms the upper end of the freezing lance 10 and is positioned in particular outside the soil to be frozen, and wherein the second end portion 3 forms the lower end of the freezing lance 10 and is positioned in particular in the soil.
  • the second end section 3 is in particular closed, so that no refrigerant K can escape from the interior 12 via the second end section 3.
  • the longitudinal axis is horizontal or oblique with respect to the vertical.
  • the interior 12 has a first section 13 or freezing area for receiving a liquid refrigerant K, in particular liquid nitrogen, and a second section 14 or heating area adjoining the first section 13 along the longitudinal axis L for receiving an exhaust gas A formed by evaporation of the refrigerant K. ,
  • the second section 14 is arranged above the first section 13.
  • the lighter exhaust gas A collects above the liquid refrigerant K.
  • phase boundary between the liquid refrigerant K and the gaseous exhaust gas A at a transition region 4 between the first section 13 and the second section 14.
  • a liquid-gas mixture of the refrigerant K may also be present at or in the vicinity of this phase boundary.
  • the conduit 15 is in particular in fluid communication with a refrigerant tank 19 for storing the refrigerant K.
  • the refrigerant K at overpressure, eg at a pressure of 2 bar to 20 bar, in particular 6 bar to 16 bar, preferably 8 bar to 12 bar, stored and from the refrigerant tank 19 via line 15 into the interior 12 initiated.
  • the flow connection between the refrigerant tank 19 and the line 15 can be closed and / or throttled by a valve 20, so that a refrigerant flow or refrigerant inflow into the first section 13 can be controlled via the valve 20.
  • the line 15 may, for example, a diameter of 6 mm to 28 mm, in particular 12 mm.
  • the line 15 may in particular be thermally insulated.
  • a first device 17 for temperature measurement for example a temperature measuring lance
  • the device 17 for temperature measurement or a temperature sensor arranged at its end is arranged in the vicinity of the transition region 4 between the first section 13 and the second section 14, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas A is measurable directly after evaporation of the refrigerant K.
  • relatively accurate conclusions can be drawn on the temperature of the first section 13, so that a refrigerant flow from the refrigerant tank 19 into the first section 13 can be controlled correspondingly accurately to correct temperature deviations from the desired value.
  • the exhaust gas A formed by evaporation of the refrigerant K flows upwards in the second section 14 of the interior 12, heat being exchanged between the exhaust gas A via the jacket 11 and the surrounding soil, so that the exhaust gas A rises in the second section 14 heated.
  • a first opening 16 for withdrawing the heated exhaust gas A and a second opening 22 for withdrawing the heated exhaust gas A is provided on the freezing head 5 at the first end portion 2, ie in particular at the upper end of the freezing lance 10.
  • the interior space 12 is in flow communication in particular via the first opening 16 and the second opening 22 with an environment, atmospheric pressure prevailing in the surroundings.
  • the exhaust gas A flows, in particular due to the pressure difference between the system of refrigerant tank 19 and the interior 12 to the environment of the first opening 16 and the second opening 22 in the environment.
  • first opening 16 is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and the second opening 22 is frontally with respect to the longitudinal axis L, that is arranged at the first end portion 2.
  • first opening 16 is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and the second opening 22 is frontally with respect to the longitudinal axis L, that is arranged at the first end portion 2.
  • only one opening of the shell 11 may be provided. This can be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or the front side.
  • an optional second means 18 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas A is positioned at the first opening 16.
  • the first opening 16 serves primarily to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas A, while the main portion of the exhaust gas A leaves the inner space 12 through the second opening 22 and in particular exits into the environment.
  • the second temperature measuring device 18 may be arranged at the second opening 22 instead of at the first opening 16, or a respective device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas A may be provided both at the first opening 16 and at the second opening 22.
  • first opening 16 and the second opening 22 may be realized, for example, by a T-piece, wherein a first arm of the tee is connected to the jacket 11, and wherein a perpendicular to the first arm extending second arm of the T- Piece forms the first opening 16, and wherein a parallel to the first arm of the first arm opposite third arm forms the second opening 22.
  • a control and / or regulating device 21 is shown, which is connected to the first temperature measuring device 17, the second temperature measuring device 18 and the valve 20 such that a temperature of the exhaust gas A from the first temperature measuring device 17 and / or or the second device 18 are measured for temperature measurement and can be transmitted as actual size to the control and / or regulating device 21, wherein the control and / or regulating device 21 is adapted to control the valve 20, so that the inflow of the refrigerant K is set from the refrigerant tank 19 in the first portion 13 of the interior 12 of the freezing lance 10 such that the temperature of the exhaust gas A is adjusted to a predetermined desired value.
  • this set point is selected so that the temperature of the refrigerant K in the first section 13 has a temperature required for freezing the soil (that is, maintained at the temperature or brought to the temperature) when the temperature of the exhaust gas A is the set value equivalent.
  • a corresponding control and / or regulating device 21 can also only receive temperature data of one of the devices 17, 18 for temperature measurement (ie either with an exhaust gas temperature measured at the transition region 4 or with an exhaust gas temperature measured at the first end section 16 at the first end section).
  • control and / or regulating device 21 controls or regulates the inflow of the refrigerant K into the first section 13 not via the valve 20 but in another suitable manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
EP17020351.7A 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol Active EP3441529B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17020351T PL3441529T3 (pl) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Urządzenie i sposób zamrażania gruntu
EP17020351.7A EP3441529B1 (fr) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol
US16/047,169 US10655293B2 (en) 2017-08-10 2018-07-27 Device and method for ground freezing
SG10201806676VA SG10201806676VA (en) 2017-08-10 2018-08-06 Device and method for ground freezing
CN201810901652.0A CN109387002A (zh) 2017-08-10 2018-08-09 地面冻结装置及方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17020351.7A EP3441529B1 (fr) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3441529A1 true EP3441529A1 (fr) 2019-02-13
EP3441529B1 EP3441529B1 (fr) 2020-09-30

Family

ID=59626426

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17020351.7A Active EP3441529B1 (fr) 2017-08-10 2017-08-10 Dispositif et procédé de congélation de sol

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10655293B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3441529B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109387002A (fr)
PL (1) PL3441529T3 (fr)
SG (1) SG10201806676VA (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2690222A1 (fr) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-29 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et système de congélation d'une partie de sol
DE102013018210A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden Eiskörpers bei einer Bodenvereisung
EP3171104A1 (fr) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procede de congelation du sol

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943722A (en) * 1970-12-31 1976-03-16 Union Carbide Canada Limited Ground freezing method
US3882937A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-05-13 Union Oil Co Method and apparatus for refrigerating wells by gas expansion
SU588289A1 (ru) * 1975-11-21 1978-01-15 Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Управление Строительства Ленинградского Метрополитена Устройство дл замораживани грунта
US4358222A (en) * 1979-01-16 1982-11-09 Landau Richard E Methods for forming supported cavities by surface cooling
DE3112291A1 (de) * 1981-03-27 1982-10-07 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden "vorrichtung zum bodengefrieren"
DE3502527A1 (de) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entnahme einer bodenprobe
JPS6383326A (ja) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-14 Hazama Gumi Ltd 地盤の振動伝播抑制工法
US5339893A (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Apparatus for containing toxic spills employing hybrid thermosyphons
JP2743954B2 (ja) * 1992-12-03 1998-04-28 ケミカルグラウト株式会社 凍結工法及び凍結管
JPH07268856A (ja) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-17 Seiken:Kk 凍結管の切損を防止できる凍結工法
US5730550A (en) * 1995-08-15 1998-03-24 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Method for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ
US7831134B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2010-11-09 Shell Oil Company Grouped exposed metal heaters
US7438501B2 (en) * 2006-05-16 2008-10-21 Layne Christensen Company Ground freezing installation accommodating thermal contraction of metal feed pipes
EP2409566A1 (fr) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Destruction de plantes envahissantes et mauvaises herbes
CN102419216A (zh) * 2011-09-08 2012-04-18 同济大学 液氮冻结管内的温度监测装置
CN102720506B (zh) * 2012-05-31 2015-08-12 中铁隧道股份有限公司 一种盾构隧道洞内液氮冷冻更换尾刷的方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2690222A1 (fr) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-29 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et système de congélation d'une partie de sol
DE102013018210A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden Eiskörpers bei einer Bodenvereisung
EP3171104A1 (fr) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procede de congelation du sol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3441529B1 (fr) 2020-09-30
US10655293B2 (en) 2020-05-19
US20190048549A1 (en) 2019-02-14
SG10201806676VA (en) 2019-03-28
PL3441529T3 (pl) 2021-04-06
CN109387002A (zh) 2019-02-26

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