EP3441529A1 - Device and method for the freezing of soil - Google Patents
Device and method for the freezing of soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3441529A1 EP3441529A1 EP17020351.7A EP17020351A EP3441529A1 EP 3441529 A1 EP3441529 A1 EP 3441529A1 EP 17020351 A EP17020351 A EP 17020351A EP 3441529 A1 EP3441529 A1 EP 3441529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- freezing
- section
- exhaust gas
- refrigerant
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
- E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for freezing soil.
- So-called ground freezing or glazing methods are used according to the state of the art for consolidating or sealing ground. It is known e.g. Processes that use liquid nitrogen or liquefied air as a coolant. Also known is the icing with a brine, which in turn is tempered by a refrigeration system. The icing with liquid nitrogen is due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen much faster than with brine, whereas the running costs (energy costs) with longer freezing times in liquid nitrogen are significantly higher than brine.
- devices for freezing of soils are introduced into the ground for ground freezing methods with so-called freezing lances, wherein the freezing lances have an outer tube and two downpipes arranged in an inner space.
- a refrigerant e.g. a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen
- a refrigerant e.g. a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen
- the exhaust gas (e.g., gaseous nitrogen) produced in the interior by evaporating the refrigerant is conducted to the earth's surface via the second downcomer according to the methods of the prior art.
- the cold gaseous nitrogen emerging at the earth's surface from the second downcomer can accumulate near the bottom, which can lead to asphyxiation in this area.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for freezing soil comprising a freeze lance extended along a longitudinal axis adapted to be inserted into the soil for freezing soil, the freezing lance comprising a shell having an interior space with a first portion (Also referred to as the freezing area) surrounds for receiving a liquid refrigerant, wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is coolable by means of the refrigerant located in the first section or the soil surrounding the freezing lance heat is deprived of heat by means of the refrigerant in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and a protruding into the interior conduit for providing the liquid refrigerant in the first portion of the interior, the apparatus having a first end portion, at which a first opening for withdrawing a by evaporation of the refrigerant
- the inner space is provided with a second section (also referred to as a heating area) adjoining the first section along the longitudinal axis for receiving the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas in the second section
- heat can be exchanged, in particular in the second section, between the exhaust gas flowing through the interior space and the jacket, so that the exhaust gas can be heated by heat exchange with the ground adjacent to the freezer lance.
- Said first end portion may be defined by the freezing lance, or its jacket, or by a separate part, e.g. a freezing head, be formed.
- the device further comprises at the first end portion a freezing head connected to the freezing lance, the freezing head in particular forming the first end portion.
- the freezing head has the line for providing the liquid refrigerant and / or the first opening for drawing off the exhaust gas.
- the freezing head may form at least a part of the second portion for receiving the exhaust gas.
- the freezing head may e.g. be soldered to the freezing lance. During normal operation of the device, the freezing head is located in particular outside the soil.
- the soil surrounding the freezing lance is advantageously used.
- separate devices for heating the exhaust stream can be omitted and it costs and energy saved.
- first end portion adjoins the second portion and the shell has a second end portion adjacent to the first portion.
- the said device may, when used as intended, be e.g. be arranged such that the longitudinal axis is vertical, wherein the first portion is disposed below the second portion, and wherein the first end portion of the shell is arranged at the top. In this case, in particular, the first end section is arranged outside the soil to be frozen. Alternatively, the device may be aligned in the intended use in any other direction.
- the freezing lance may e.g. have a total length of 20 meters, with the lower 10 meters forming the first section and the upper 10 meters forming the second section. In this case, e.g. positioning an opening of the conduit for providing the coolant at a depth of 19.7 meters, that is 0.3 meters above the lower end of the freezing lance.
- freeze lance e.g. 60 meters or more, conceivable.
- the apparatus for freezing soil has a first temperature measuring device, in particular a temperature measuring lance, which is arranged at a transitional area between the first section and the second section and is formed at the transitional area between the first section and the second section to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- a tube with a temperature sensor is pulled to a depth that can be used to measure a reference temperature in order to regulate or adjust a certain temperature of the first section required for freezing.
- a thermocouple can be introduced directly into the freezing lance, so that a direct temperature measurement is possible.
- the temperature of the first section can therefore be adjusted more precisely (optimized temperature control at the point of use), in particular when the exhaust gas flow is heated on the way to the earth's surface. This leads to cost savings due to a more precisely determinable consumption of refrigerant.
- the first means for measuring temperature may e.g. be positioned at a depth of 10 meters with respect to the Earth's surface when the total length of the freezing lance is 20 meters and the lower 10 meters serve as the first section.
- the first device for temperature measurement is displaceable along the longitudinal axis.
- the soil freezing device includes a second temperature sensing device positioned at the first port and configured to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first port.
- the exhaust gas temperature can be determined in a simple manner, which makes it possible to deduce the temperature in the first section.
- the flow of the refrigerant into the first section can be controlled or regulated to achieve a certain temperature of the first section.
- both a first device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the transition region between the first section and the second section as well as a second device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first opening may be provided.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for freezing soil by means of a soil freezing device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the freezing lance is at least partially introduced into soil, and wherein a liquid refrigerant is provided in the first portion of the interior of the freezing lance wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is cooled by means of the refrigerant located in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and wherein in a second portion adjacent to the first portion by evaporation of the refrigerant, an exhaust gas is formed, wherein the exhaust gas at the first end portion of the freezing lance is withdrawn from the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas in the second portion exchanges heat with the jacket so that the exhaust gas is heated by heat exchange with the soil adjacent to the shell.
- the heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the soil takes place mainly over that portion of the shell, which surrounds the second portion or heating region of the interior.
- the refrigerant is a cryogenic liquefied gas, in particular liquid nitrogen (N 2 ).
- a first temperature of the exhaust gas is measured at the transition region between the first section and the second section, in particular by means of the first device for measuring temperature.
- a second temperature in particular of the exhaust gas drawn off from the interior, is measured at the first opening at the first end section of the freezing lance (for example at the freezing head), in particular by means of the second device for temperature measurement.
- an inflow of the refrigerant into the interior space is controlled or regulated by means of the first temperature and / or the second temperature, in particular by means of a control and / or regulating device.
- the inflow of the refrigerant can be controlled or regulated in the first section, for example by means of a valve, wherein by means of the valve, a flow connection between a refrigerant tank and the first section, in particular the line, can be interrupted and / or throttled.
- a plurality of freezing lances are introduced into the soil, wherein the first temperature and / or the second temperature is measured only at a part of the freezing lances.
- the plurality of freezing lances are provided in a so-called freezing field formed by a plurality of freezing lances intended to freeze a portion of the soil.
- a part of the frozen lances is equipped with a device for temperature measurement, in particular temperature lance (eg 10% of the freezing lances)
- the other launcher lances are then adjusted in particular via setting values on the exhaust side (ie above the target value of the exhaust gas temperature at the first end section of the respective freezing lance) means the coolant flow is adjusted accordingly, that there is a certain temperature in the first section.
- the temperatures at a certain depth at different freezing lances are comparable.
- the refrigerant is stored at a positive pressure, that is, at an elevated pressure compared to an atmospheric pressure in a refrigerant tank, wherein the refrigerant is introduced from the refrigerant tank in the first portion of the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas by a pressure difference between the Interior and a communicating with the first opening in fluid communication environment of the freezing lance is withdrawn via the first opening from the interior.
- the output side of the first opening atmospheric pressure prevails, that is, the system of refrigerant tank and freezing lance or interior of the freezing lance is the output side of the first opening without pressure.
- the pressure difference between the interior and the environment thus causes the exhaust gas to flow through the first opening into the environment or is pressed.
- Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention in longitudinal section with respect to a longitudinal axis L, along which the device 1 is extended.
- the device 1 has a freezing lance 10 with a jacket 11, wherein the jacket 11 surrounds an inner space 12, in particular in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
- the shell 11 may have any shape in cross section with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
- the jacket 11 is circular in cross section with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
- the jacket can e.g. a diameter of 50 to 60 mm, in particular 54 mm.
- the jacket 11 is made of a good thermal conductivity material, e.g. Copper, formed so that a good heat transfer between the located in the inner space 12 refrigerant K and the surrounding soil is ensured.
- a good thermal conductivity material e.g. Copper
- the shell 11 has a front end 2 arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis L and a first end portion 2 opposite the end face arranged second end portion 3.
- the first end portion 2 is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment formed by a freezing head 5, which is connected to the freezing lance 10, for example by soldering.
- the longitudinal axis L runs e.g. vertical, wherein the first end portion 2 forms the upper end of the freezing lance 10 and is positioned in particular outside the soil to be frozen, and wherein the second end portion 3 forms the lower end of the freezing lance 10 and is positioned in particular in the soil.
- the second end section 3 is in particular closed, so that no refrigerant K can escape from the interior 12 via the second end section 3.
- the longitudinal axis is horizontal or oblique with respect to the vertical.
- the interior 12 has a first section 13 or freezing area for receiving a liquid refrigerant K, in particular liquid nitrogen, and a second section 14 or heating area adjoining the first section 13 along the longitudinal axis L for receiving an exhaust gas A formed by evaporation of the refrigerant K. ,
- the second section 14 is arranged above the first section 13.
- the lighter exhaust gas A collects above the liquid refrigerant K.
- phase boundary between the liquid refrigerant K and the gaseous exhaust gas A at a transition region 4 between the first section 13 and the second section 14.
- a liquid-gas mixture of the refrigerant K may also be present at or in the vicinity of this phase boundary.
- the conduit 15 is in particular in fluid communication with a refrigerant tank 19 for storing the refrigerant K.
- the refrigerant K at overpressure, eg at a pressure of 2 bar to 20 bar, in particular 6 bar to 16 bar, preferably 8 bar to 12 bar, stored and from the refrigerant tank 19 via line 15 into the interior 12 initiated.
- the flow connection between the refrigerant tank 19 and the line 15 can be closed and / or throttled by a valve 20, so that a refrigerant flow or refrigerant inflow into the first section 13 can be controlled via the valve 20.
- the line 15 may, for example, a diameter of 6 mm to 28 mm, in particular 12 mm.
- the line 15 may in particular be thermally insulated.
- a first device 17 for temperature measurement for example a temperature measuring lance
- the device 17 for temperature measurement or a temperature sensor arranged at its end is arranged in the vicinity of the transition region 4 between the first section 13 and the second section 14, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas A is measurable directly after evaporation of the refrigerant K.
- relatively accurate conclusions can be drawn on the temperature of the first section 13, so that a refrigerant flow from the refrigerant tank 19 into the first section 13 can be controlled correspondingly accurately to correct temperature deviations from the desired value.
- the exhaust gas A formed by evaporation of the refrigerant K flows upwards in the second section 14 of the interior 12, heat being exchanged between the exhaust gas A via the jacket 11 and the surrounding soil, so that the exhaust gas A rises in the second section 14 heated.
- a first opening 16 for withdrawing the heated exhaust gas A and a second opening 22 for withdrawing the heated exhaust gas A is provided on the freezing head 5 at the first end portion 2, ie in particular at the upper end of the freezing lance 10.
- the interior space 12 is in flow communication in particular via the first opening 16 and the second opening 22 with an environment, atmospheric pressure prevailing in the surroundings.
- the exhaust gas A flows, in particular due to the pressure difference between the system of refrigerant tank 19 and the interior 12 to the environment of the first opening 16 and the second opening 22 in the environment.
- first opening 16 is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and the second opening 22 is frontally with respect to the longitudinal axis L, that is arranged at the first end portion 2.
- first opening 16 is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and the second opening 22 is frontally with respect to the longitudinal axis L, that is arranged at the first end portion 2.
- only one opening of the shell 11 may be provided. This can be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or the front side.
- an optional second means 18 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas A is positioned at the first opening 16.
- the first opening 16 serves primarily to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas A, while the main portion of the exhaust gas A leaves the inner space 12 through the second opening 22 and in particular exits into the environment.
- the second temperature measuring device 18 may be arranged at the second opening 22 instead of at the first opening 16, or a respective device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas A may be provided both at the first opening 16 and at the second opening 22.
- first opening 16 and the second opening 22 may be realized, for example, by a T-piece, wherein a first arm of the tee is connected to the jacket 11, and wherein a perpendicular to the first arm extending second arm of the T- Piece forms the first opening 16, and wherein a parallel to the first arm of the first arm opposite third arm forms the second opening 22.
- a control and / or regulating device 21 is shown, which is connected to the first temperature measuring device 17, the second temperature measuring device 18 and the valve 20 such that a temperature of the exhaust gas A from the first temperature measuring device 17 and / or or the second device 18 are measured for temperature measurement and can be transmitted as actual size to the control and / or regulating device 21, wherein the control and / or regulating device 21 is adapted to control the valve 20, so that the inflow of the refrigerant K is set from the refrigerant tank 19 in the first portion 13 of the interior 12 of the freezing lance 10 such that the temperature of the exhaust gas A is adjusted to a predetermined desired value.
- this set point is selected so that the temperature of the refrigerant K in the first section 13 has a temperature required for freezing the soil (that is, maintained at the temperature or brought to the temperature) when the temperature of the exhaust gas A is the set value equivalent.
- a corresponding control and / or regulating device 21 can also only receive temperature data of one of the devices 17, 18 for temperature measurement (ie either with an exhaust gas temperature measured at the transition region 4 or with an exhaust gas temperature measured at the first end section 16 at the first end section).
- control and / or regulating device 21 controls or regulates the inflow of the refrigerant K into the first section 13 not via the valve 20 but in another suitable manner.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) zum Gefrieren von Erdreich aufweisend eine entlang einer Längsachse (L) erstreckte Gefrierlanze (10) mit einem Mantel (11), der einen Innenraum (12) umgibt, wobei das die Gefrierlanze (10) umgebende Erdreich mittels des in einem ersten Abschnitt (13) des Innenraums (12) befindlichen Kältemittels (K) kühlbar ist, eine Leitung (15) zum Bereitstellen des flüssigen Kältemittels (K) in dem ersten Abschnitt (13) des Innenraums (12), wobei die Vorrichtung (1) einen ersten Endabschnitt (2) mit einer ersten Öffnung (16) zum Abziehen eines durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels (K) gebildeten Abgases (A) aus dem Innenraum (12) aufweist, wobei der Innenraum (12) einen zweiten Abschnitt (14) zur Aufnahme des Abgases (A) aufweist, wobei in dem zweiten Abschnitt (14) zwischen dem Abgas (A) und dem Mantel (11) Wärme austauschbar ist, so dass das Abgas (A) durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem an die Gefrier (10) angrenzenden Erdreich erwärmbar ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Gefrieren von Erdreich mittels der Vorrichtung (1).The invention relates to a device (1) for freezing earth comprising a freeze lance (10) extending along a longitudinal axis (L) with a jacket (11) surrounding an interior space (12), the soil surrounding the freezing lance (10) the refrigerant (K) located in a first portion (13) of the internal space (12) is coolable; a conduit (15) for providing the liquid refrigerant (K) in the first portion (13) of the interior space (12); (1) has a first end portion (2) with a first opening (16) for drawing off an exhaust gas (A) formed by evaporation of the refrigerant (K) from the inner space (12), the inner space (12) having a second portion (14 ) for receiving the exhaust gas (A), wherein in the second portion (14) between the exhaust gas (A) and the jacket (11) heat is exchangeable, so that the exhaust gas (A) by heat exchange with the to the freezer (10 ) adjacent soil is heated, and a Ve move to freeze soil by means of the device (1).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Gefrieren von Erdreich.The invention relates to a device and a method for freezing soil.
Sogenannte Bodengefrierverfahren bzw. Vereisungsverfahren werden nach dem Stand der Technik zum Verfestigen oder Abdichten von Baugrund eingesetzt. Bekannt sind z.B. Verfahren, die flüssigen Stickstoff oder verflüssigte Luft als Kühlmittel verwenden. Ebenso bekannt ist die Vereisung mit einer Sole, die ihrerseits durch eine Kälteanlage temperiert wird. Die Vereisung mit Flüssigstickstoff erfolgt aufgrund der tiefen Temperatur des flüssigen Stickstoffs deutlich schneller als mit Sole, wohingegen die laufenden Kosten (Energiekosten) bei längeren Einfrierzeiten bei flüssigem Stickstoff deutlich höher liegen als bei Sole.So-called ground freezing or glazing methods are used according to the state of the art for consolidating or sealing ground. It is known e.g. Processes that use liquid nitrogen or liquefied air as a coolant. Also known is the icing with a brine, which in turn is tempered by a refrigeration system. The icing with liquid nitrogen is due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen much faster than with brine, whereas the running costs (energy costs) with longer freezing times in liquid nitrogen are significantly higher than brine.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden für Bodengefrierverfahren Vorrichtungen zum Gefrieren von Erdreich mit sogenannten Gefrierlanzen in das Erdreich eingebracht, wobei die Gefrierlanzen ein Außenrohr sowie zwei in einem Innenraum angeordnete Fallleitungen aufweisen.According to the state of the art, devices for freezing of soils are introduced into the ground for ground freezing methods with so-called freezing lances, wherein the freezing lances have an outer tube and two downpipes arranged in an inner space.
Dabei wird nach dem Stand der Technik durch eine der Fallleitungen ein Kältemittel, z.B. ein tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas wie flüssiger Stickstoff, in den Innenraum eingebracht. Durch das mit dem Außenrohr in wärmeleitender Verbindung stehende flüssige Kältemittel wird der Umgebung Wärme entzogen, so dass das Erdreich, das die Gefrierlanze umgibt, gefriert.In this case, in the prior art through one of the downcomers, a refrigerant, e.g. a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen, introduced into the interior. By standing with the outer tube in thermally conductive connection liquid refrigerant heat is removed from the environment, so that the soil surrounding the freezing lance, freezes.
Das in dem Innenraum durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels entstehende Abgas (z.B. gasförmiger Stickstoff) wird nach den Verfahren des Standes der Technik über die zweite Fallleitung an die Erdoberfläche geleitet.The exhaust gas (e.g., gaseous nitrogen) produced in the interior by evaporating the refrigerant is conducted to the earth's surface via the second downcomer according to the methods of the prior art.
Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil einer starken Nebelbildung an der Oberfläche, was insbesondere zu verschlechterter Sicht führen kann, so dass das Unfallrisiko erhöht ist.However, this has the disadvantage of heavy fogging on the surface, which in particular can lead to deteriorated visibility, so that the accident risk is increased.
Zudem kann sich der an der Erdoberfläche aus der zweiten Fallleitung austretende kalte gasförmige Stickstoff in der Nähe des Bodens ansammeln, was zu Erstickungsgefahr in diesem Bereich führen kann.In addition, the cold gaseous nitrogen emerging at the earth's surface from the second downcomer can accumulate near the bottom, which can lead to asphyxiation in this area.
Daher ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, die bzw. das im Hinblick auf die genannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik verbessert ist.Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method which is improved in view of the mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 und das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Vorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4 angegeben und vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 6 bis 10 angegeben.This object is achieved by the device according to
Ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich aufweisend eine entlang einer Längsachse erstreckte Gefrierlanze, die dazu ausgebildet ist, zum Gefrieren von Erdreich in das Erdreich eingebracht zu werden, wobei die Gefrierlanze einen Mantel aufweist, der einen Innenraum mit einem ersten Abschnitt (auch als Gefrierbereich bezeichnet) zur Aufnahme eines flüssigen Kältemittels umgibt, wobei das die Gefrierlanze umgebende Erdreich mittels des in dem ersten Abschnitt befindlichen Kältemittels kühlbar ist bzw. dem die Gefrierlanze umgebenden Erdreich mittels des in dem ersten Abschnitt befindlichen Kältemittels Wärme entziehbar ist, so dass das Erdreich zumindest teilweise gefriert, und eine in den Innenraum hineinragende Leitung zum Bereitstellen des flüssigen Kältemittels in dem ersten Abschnitt des Innenraums, wobei die Vorrichtung einen ersten Endabschnitt aufweist, an dem eine erste Öffnung zum Abziehen eines durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels gebildeten Abgases aus dem Innenraum vorgesehen ist, wobei der Innenraum einen entlang der Längsachse an den ersten Abschnitt angrenzenden zweiten Abschnitt (auch als Erwärmungsbereich bezeichnet) zur Aufnahme des Abgases aufweist, so dass das Abgas in dem zweiten Abschnitt den Mantel kontaktieren kann.A first aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for freezing soil comprising a freeze lance extended along a longitudinal axis adapted to be inserted into the soil for freezing soil, the freezing lance comprising a shell having an interior space with a first portion (Also referred to as the freezing area) surrounds for receiving a liquid refrigerant, wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is coolable by means of the refrigerant located in the first section or the soil surrounding the freezing lance heat is deprived of heat by means of the refrigerant in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and a protruding into the interior conduit for providing the liquid refrigerant in the first portion of the interior, the apparatus having a first end portion, at which a first opening for withdrawing a by evaporation of the refrigerant The inner space is provided with a second section (also referred to as a heating area) adjoining the first section along the longitudinal axis for receiving the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas in the second section can contact the jacket.
Dabei ist insbesondere in dem zweiten Abschnitt zwischen dem in dem Innenraum befindlichen bzw. den Innenraum durchströmenden Abgas und dem Mantel Wärme austauschbar, so dass das Abgas durch über den Mantel erfolgenden Wärmeaustausch mit dem an die Gefrierlanze angrenzenden Erdreich erwärmbar ist.In this case, heat can be exchanged, in particular in the second section, between the exhaust gas flowing through the interior space and the jacket, so that the exhaust gas can be heated by heat exchange with the ground adjacent to the freezer lance.
Das heißt insbesondere, dass eine separate Abgasleitung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik wegfällt und anstatt dessen der Abgasstrom am oberen Ende der Gefrierlanze, insbesondere an einem Gefrierkopf, abgezogen wird.This means in particular that a separate exhaust pipe is omitted in comparison to the prior art and instead the exhaust gas stream at the upper end of the freezing lance, in particular on a freezing head, is withdrawn.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das an der Oberfläche austretende Abgas durch den Wärmeaustausch mit dem umliegenden Erdreich über den Mantel deutlich wärmer ist als bei vergleichbaren Vorrichtungen des Standes der Technik, in denen der Abgasstrom durch eine, insbesondere von dem Mantel thermisch isolierte, Fallleitung geführt wird. Dadurch ist die Nebelbildung und Ansammlung von Abgas an der Oberfläche vorteilhafterweise verringert, was die Sicherheit in der Nähe der Vereisungsstelle verbessert. Dies ist insbesondere in dicht besiedelten Gebieten relevant.This has the advantage that the exiting on the surface of the exhaust gas through the heat exchange with the surrounding soil over the jacket is significantly warmer than in comparable devices of the prior art, in which the exhaust gas flow through a, in particular thermally insulated from the jacket, downpipe becomes. As a result, the misting and accumulation of exhaust gas at the surface is advantageously reduced, which improves the safety in the vicinity of the icing. This is particularly relevant in densely populated areas.
Der besagte erste Endabschnitt kann durch die Gefrierlanze, bzw. deren Mantel, oder durch ein separates Teil, z.B. einen Gefrierkopf, gebildet sein.Said first end portion may be defined by the freezing lance, or its jacket, or by a separate part, e.g. a freezing head, be formed.
Die Vorrichtung weist insbesondere weiterhin an dem ersten Endabschnitt einen mit der Gefrierlanze verbundenen Gefrierkopf auf, wobei der Gefrierkopf insbesondere den ersten Endabschnitt bildet. Der Gefrierkopf weist insbesondere die Leitung zum Bereitstellen des flüssigen Kältemittels und/oder die erste Öffnung zum Abziehen des Abgases auf. Außerdem kann der Gefrierkopf zumindest einen Teil des zweiten Abschnitts zur Aufnahme des Abgases bilden.In particular, the device further comprises at the first end portion a freezing head connected to the freezing lance, the freezing head in particular forming the first end portion. In particular, the freezing head has the line for providing the liquid refrigerant and / or the first opening for drawing off the exhaust gas. In addition, the freezing head may form at least a part of the second portion for receiving the exhaust gas.
Der Gefrierkopf kann z.B. auf die Gefrierlanze aufgelötet sein. Beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Vorrichtung befindet sich der Gefrierkopf insbesondere außerhalb des Erdreichs.The freezing head may e.g. be soldered to the freezing lance. During normal operation of the device, the freezing head is located in particular outside the soil.
Für die Erwärmung des Abgases wird vorteilhafterweise das die Gefrierlanze umgebende Erdreich genutzt. Somit können separate Vorrichtungen zur Erwärmung des Abgasstroms entfallen und es werden Kosten und Energie eingespart.For the heating of the exhaust gas, the soil surrounding the freezing lance is advantageously used. Thus, separate devices for heating the exhaust stream can be omitted and it costs and energy saved.
Durch den Wegfall der separaten Abgasleitung verringert sich zudem der konstruktive Aufwand der Vorrichtung und es werden Kosten eingespart.By eliminating the separate exhaust pipe also reduces the design effort of the device and it costs are saved.
Insbesondere grenzt der erste Endabschnitt an den zweiten Abschnitt an und der Mantel weist einen zweiten Endabschnitt auf, der an den ersten Abschnitt angrenzt.In particular, the first end portion adjoins the second portion and the shell has a second end portion adjacent to the first portion.
Die besagte Vorrichtung kann beim bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch z.B. derart angeordnet sein, dass die Längsachse vertikal verläuft, wobei der erste Abschnitt unter dem zweiten Abschnitt angeordnet ist, und wobei der erste Endabschnitt des Mantels oben angeordnet ist. Dabei ist insbesondere der erste Endabschnitt außerhalb des zu gefrierenden Erdreichs angeordnet. Alternativ kann die Vorrichtung beim bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch in einer beliebigen anderen Richtung ausgerichtet sein.The said device may, when used as intended, be e.g. be arranged such that the longitudinal axis is vertical, wherein the first portion is disposed below the second portion, and wherein the first end portion of the shell is arranged at the top. In this case, in particular, the first end section is arranged outside the soil to be frozen. Alternatively, the device may be aligned in the intended use in any other direction.
Die Gefrierlanze kann z.B. eine Gesamtlänge von 20 Metern haben, wobei die unteren 10 Meter den ersten Abschnitt bilden und die oberen 10 Meter den zweiten Abschnitt bilden. Dabei kann z.B. eine Öffnung der Leitung zum Bereitstellen des Kühlmittels in einer Tiefe von 19,7 Metern positioniert werden, das heißt 0,3 Meter über dem unteren Ende der Gefrierlanze.The freezing lance may e.g. have a total length of 20 meters, with the lower 10 meters forming the first section and the upper 10 meters forming the second section. In this case, e.g. positioning an opening of the conduit for providing the coolant at a depth of 19.7 meters, that is 0.3 meters above the lower end of the freezing lance.
Alternativ sind auch größere Gesamtlängen der Gefrierlanze, z.B. 60 Meter oder mehr, denkbar.Alternatively, larger total lengths of the freeze lance, e.g. 60 meters or more, conceivable.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist die Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich eine an einem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt positionierte erste Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung, insbesondere eine Temperaturmesslanze, auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, an dem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt die Temperatur des Abgases zu messen.According to one embodiment, the apparatus for freezing soil has a first temperature measuring device, in particular a temperature measuring lance, which is arranged at a transitional area between the first section and the second section and is formed at the transitional area between the first section and the second section to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas.
Das heißt, es wird z.B. ein Rohr mit einem Temperatursensor bis auf eine Tiefe gezogen, die zur Messung einer Referenztemperatur nutzbar ist, um eine bestimmte zum Gefrieren erforderliche Temperatur des ersten Abschnitts regeln bzw. einstellen zu können. Alternativ zu einer Temperaturmesslanze kann z.B. ein Thermoelement direkt in die Gefrierlanze eingebracht werden, so dass eine direkte Temperaturmessung möglich ist.That is, for example, a tube with a temperature sensor is pulled to a depth that can be used to measure a reference temperature in order to regulate or adjust a certain temperature of the first section required for freezing. As an alternative to a temperature measuring lance, for example, a thermocouple can be introduced directly into the freezing lance, so that a direct temperature measurement is possible.
Im Vergleich zu Vorrichtungen des Standes der Technik lässt sich somit die Temperatur des ersten Abschnitts genauer einstellen (optimierte Temperaturführung am point of use), insbesondere dann, wenn der Abgasstrom auf dem Weg zur Erdoberfläche erwärmt wird. Dies führt zu Kosteneinsparungen aufgrund eines genauer bestimmbaren Verbrauchs von Kältemittel.In comparison with devices of the prior art, the temperature of the first section can therefore be adjusted more precisely (optimized temperature control at the point of use), in particular when the exhaust gas flow is heated on the way to the earth's surface. This leads to cost savings due to a more precisely determinable consumption of refrigerant.
Die erste Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung kann z.B. in einer Tiefe von 10 Metern in Bezug auf die Erdoberfläche positioniert sein, wenn die Gesamtlänge der Gefrierlanze 20 Meter beträgt und die unteren 10 Meter als erster Abschnitt dienen.The first means for measuring temperature may e.g. be positioned at a depth of 10 meters with respect to the Earth's surface when the total length of the freezing lance is 20 meters and the lower 10 meters serve as the first section.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die erste Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung entlang der Längsachse verschiebbar.According to a further embodiment, the first device for temperature measurement is displaceable along the longitudinal axis.
Hierdurch lassen sich vorteilhafterweise verschiedene Gefrierabschnitte (das heißt insbesondere Höhen bzw. Tiefen des ersten Abschnitts und des zweiten Abschnitts) flexibel (für die jeweilige Anwendung) einstellen.As a result, different freezing sections (that is to say, in particular, heights or depths of the first section and of the second section) can be adjusted flexibly (for the respective application).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich eine an der ersten Öffnung positionierte zweite Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Temperatur des Abgases an der ersten Öffnung zu messen.In another embodiment, the soil freezing device includes a second temperature sensing device positioned at the first port and configured to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first port.
Durch eine Temperaturmessung an der ersten Öffnung, das heißt insbesondere an der Erdoberfläche, lässt sich auf einfache Weise die Abgastemperatur bestimmen, wodurch auf die Temperatur im ersten Abschnitt geschlossen werden kann. Somit kann dann z.B. der Zustrom des Kältemittels in den ersten Abschnitt gesteuert oder geregelt werden, um eine bestimmte Temperatur des ersten Abschnitts zu erreichen bzw. zu erhalten.By measuring the temperature at the first opening, that is to say in particular at the earth's surface, the exhaust gas temperature can be determined in a simple manner, which makes it possible to deduce the temperature in the first section. Thus, then, e.g. the flow of the refrigerant into the first section can be controlled or regulated to achieve a certain temperature of the first section.
Selbstverständlich können auch sowohl eine erste Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung des Abgases an dem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt als auch eine zweite Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung des Abgases an der ersten Öffnung vorgesehen sein.Of course, both a first device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the transition region between the first section and the second section as well as a second device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the first opening may be provided.
Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Gefrieren von Erdreich mittels einer Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich nach dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung, wobei die Gefrierlanze zumindest teilweise in Erdreich eingebracht wird, und wobei in dem ersten Abschnitt des Innenraums der Gefrierlanze ein flüssiges Kältemittel bereitgestellt wird, wobei das die Gefrierlanze umgebende Erdreich mittels des in dem ersten Abschnitt befindlichen Kältemittels gekühlt wird, so dass das Erdreich zumindest teilweise gefriert, und wobei in einem an den ersten Abschnitt angrenzenden zweiten Abschnitt durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels ein Abgas gebildet wird, wobei das Abgas an dem ersten Endabschnitt der Gefrierlanze aus dem Innenraum abgezogen wird, und wobei das Abgas in dem zweiten Abschnitt mit dem Mantel Wärme austauscht, so dass das Abgas durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem an den Mantel angrenzenden Erdreich erwärmt wird.A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for freezing soil by means of a soil freezing device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the freezing lance is at least partially introduced into soil, and wherein a liquid refrigerant is provided in the first portion of the interior of the freezing lance wherein the soil surrounding the freezing lance is cooled by means of the refrigerant located in the first section, so that the soil at least partially freezes, and wherein in a second portion adjacent to the first portion by evaporation of the refrigerant, an exhaust gas is formed, wherein the exhaust gas at the first end portion of the freezing lance is withdrawn from the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas in the second portion exchanges heat with the jacket so that the exhaust gas is heated by heat exchange with the soil adjacent to the shell.
Dabei findet der Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem Abgas und dem Erdreich hauptsächlich über denjenigen Abschnitt des Mantels statt, der den zweiten Abschnitt bzw. Erwärmungsbereich des Innenraums umgibt.In this case, the heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the soil takes place mainly over that portion of the shell, which surrounds the second portion or heating region of the interior.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist das Kältemittel ein tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas, insbesondere flüssiger Stickstoff (N2).According to one embodiment, the refrigerant is a cryogenic liquefied gas, in particular liquid nitrogen (N 2 ).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird an dem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt eine erste Temperatur des Abgases gemessen, insbesondere mittels der ersten Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung.According to a further embodiment, a first temperature of the exhaust gas is measured at the transition region between the first section and the second section, in particular by means of the first device for measuring temperature.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird an der ersten Öffnung am ersten Endabschnitt der Gefrierlanze (z.B. am Gefrierkopf) eine zweite Temperatur, insbesondere des aus dem Innenraum abgezogenen, Abgases gemessen, insbesondere mittels der zweiten Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung.According to a further embodiment, a second temperature, in particular of the exhaust gas drawn off from the interior, is measured at the first opening at the first end section of the freezing lance (for example at the freezing head), in particular by means of the second device for temperature measurement.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird mittels der ersten Temperatur und/oder der zweiten Temperatur ein Zustrom des Kältemittels in den Innenraum gesteuert oder geregelt, insbesondere mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regelvorrichtung. Dabei kann der Zustrom des Kältemittels in den ersten Abschnitt z.B. mittels eines Ventils gesteuert oder geregelt werden, wobei mittels des Ventils eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen einem Kältemittelbehälter und dem ersten Abschnitt, insbesondere die Leitung, unterbrochen und/oder gedrosselt werden kann.According to a further embodiment, an inflow of the refrigerant into the interior space is controlled or regulated by means of the first temperature and / or the second temperature, in particular by means of a control and / or regulating device. In this case, the inflow of the refrigerant can be controlled or regulated in the first section, for example by means of a valve, wherein by means of the valve, a flow connection between a refrigerant tank and the first section, in particular the line, can be interrupted and / or throttled.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird eine Mehrzahl an Gefrierlanzen in das Erdreich eingebracht, wobei die erste Temperatur und/oder die zweite Temperatur lediglich an einem Teil der Gefrierlanzen gemessen wird bzw. werden.According to a further embodiment, a plurality of freezing lances are introduced into the soil, wherein the first temperature and / or the second temperature is measured only at a part of the freezing lances.
Insbesondere sind die Mehrzahl an Gefrierlanzen in einem sogenannten Gefrierfeld vorgesehen, das aus mehreren Gefrierlanzen gebildet ist, die einen Abschnitt des Erdreichs gefrieren sollen. Dabei wird ein Teil der Gefrierlanzen mit einer Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung, insbesondere Temperaturlanze, ausgerüstet (z.B. 10% der Gefrierlanzen), die anderen Gefrierlanzen werden dann insbesondere über Einstellungswerte abgasseitig (d.h. z.B. über den Sollwert der Abgastemperatur am ersten Endabschnitt der jeweiligen Gefrierlanze) adaptiert, das heißt der Kühlmittelstrom wird entsprechend angepasst, dass eine bestimmte Temperatur im ersten Abschnitt herrscht. Hierbei kann ausgenutzt werden, dass insbesondere in einem zusammenhängenden Gefrierkörper die Temperaturen in einer bestimmten Tiefe an verschiedenen Gefrierlanzen vergleichbar sind.In particular, the plurality of freezing lances are provided in a so-called freezing field formed by a plurality of freezing lances intended to freeze a portion of the soil. In this case, a part of the frozen lances is equipped with a device for temperature measurement, in particular temperature lance (eg 10% of the freezing lances), the other launcher lances are then adjusted in particular via setting values on the exhaust side (ie above the target value of the exhaust gas temperature at the first end section of the respective freezing lance) means the coolant flow is adjusted accordingly, that there is a certain temperature in the first section. In this case, it can be exploited that, in particular in a coherent frozen body, the temperatures at a certain depth at different freezing lances are comparable.
Dabei werden vorteilhafterweise Kosten für weitere Temperaturmesseinrichtungen eingespart.In this case, costs for further temperature measuring devices are advantageously saved.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird das Kältemittel bei Überdruck, das heißt bei im Vergleich zu einem Atmosphärendruck erhöhtem Druck, in einem Kältemittelbehälter gespeichert, wobei das Kältemittel aus dem Kältemittelbehälter in den ersten Abschnitt des Innenraums eingeleitet wird, und wobei das Abgas durch eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Innenraum und einer mit der ersten Öffnung in Strömungsverbindung stehenden Umgebung der Gefrierlanze über die erste Öffnung aus dem Innenraum abgezogen wird.According to another embodiment, the refrigerant is stored at a positive pressure, that is, at an elevated pressure compared to an atmospheric pressure in a refrigerant tank, wherein the refrigerant is introduced from the refrigerant tank in the first portion of the interior, and wherein the exhaust gas by a pressure difference between the Interior and a communicating with the first opening in fluid communication environment of the freezing lance is withdrawn via the first opening from the interior.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird das Kältemittel bei einem Absolutdruck von 2 bar bis 20 bar, insbesondere 6 bar bis 16 bar, bevorzugt 8 bar bis 12 bar, in dem Kältemittelbehälter gespeichert.According to a further embodiment, the refrigerant at an absolute pressure of 2 bar to 20 bar, in particular 6 bar to 16 bar, preferably 8 bar to 12 bar, stored in the refrigerant tank.
Dabei herrscht insbesondere ausgangsseitig der ersten Öffnung Atmosphärendruck, das heißt, das System aus Kältemittelbehälter und Gefrierlanze bzw. Innenraum der Gefrierlanze ist ausgangsseitig der ersten Öffnung drucklos. Die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Innenraum und der Umgebung führt also dazu, dass das Abgas durch die erste Öffnung in die Umgebung strömt bzw. gedrückt wird.In this case, in particular the output side of the first opening atmospheric pressure prevails, that is, the system of refrigerant tank and freezing lance or interior of the freezing lance is the output side of the first opening without pressure. The pressure difference between the interior and the environment thus causes the exhaust gas to flow through the first opening into the environment or is pressed.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung anhand einer Figur erläutert. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich im Längsschnitt.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for freezing soil in longitudinal section.
Der Mantel 11 kann im Querschnitt bezüglich der Längsachse L eine beliebige Form aufweisen. Insbesondere ist der Mantel 11 im Querschnitt bezüglich der Längsachse L kreisförmig. Der Mantel kann z.B. einen Durchmesser von 50 bis 60 mm, insbesondere 54 mm, aufweisen.The
Insbesondere ist der Mantel 11 aus einem gut wärmeleitfähigen Material, z.B. Kupfer, gebildet, so dass eine gute Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem in dem Innenraum 12 befindlichen Kältemittel K und dem umliegenden Erdreich gewährleistet ist.In particular, the
Der Mantel 11 weist einen stirnseitig bezüglich der Längsachse L angeordneten ersten Endabschnitt 2 und einen dem ersten Endabschnitt 2 gegenüberliegenden stirnseitig angeordneten zweiten Endabschnitt 3 auf.The
Der erste Endabschnitt 2 ist in der in
Beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Vorrichtung 1 verläuft die Längsachse L z.B. vertikal, wobei der erste Endabschnitt 2 das obere Ende der Gefrierlanze 10 bildet und insbesondere außerhalb des zu gefrierenden Erdreichs positioniert ist, und wobei der zweite Endabschnitt 3 das untere Ende der Gefrierlanze 10 bildet und insbesondere in dem Erdreich positioniert ist. Der zweite Endabschnitt 3 ist dabei insbesondere geschlossen, so dass kein Kältemittel K über den zweiten Endabschnitt 3 aus dem Innenraum 12 austreten kann. Es sind aber auch andere Anordnungen möglich, bei denen z.B. die Längsachse horizontal oder schräg in Bezug auf die Vertikale verläuft.When the
Der Innenraum 12 weist einen ersten Abschnitt 13 oder Gefrierbereich zur Aufnahme eines flüssigen Kältemittels K, insbesondere flüssigen Stickstoffs, und einen entlang der Längsachse L an den ersten Abschnitt 13 angrenzenden zweiten Abschnitt 14 oder Erwärmungsbereich zur Aufnahme eines durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels K gebildeten Abgases A auf.The interior 12 has a
Dabei ist insbesondere beim bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch der Vorrichtung 1 der zweite Abschnitt 14 über dem ersten Abschnitt 13 angeordnet. Dadurch sammelt sich das leichtere Abgas A über dem flüssigen Kältemittel K.In particular, when the
An einem Übergangsbereich 4 zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 13 und dem zweiten Abschnitt 14 liegt insbesondere eine Phasengrenze zwischen dem flüssigen Kältemittel K und dem gasförmigen Abgas A vor. Natürlich kann an oder in der Nähe dieser Phasengrenze auch ein Flüssigkeits-Gasgemisch des Kältemittels K vorliegen.In particular, there is a phase boundary between the liquid refrigerant K and the gaseous exhaust gas A at a
Weiterhin zeigt
In
Das durch Verdampfen des Kältemittels K gebildete Abgas A strömt in dem zweiten Abschnitt 14 des Innenraums 12 nach oben, wobei zwischen dem Abgas A über den Mantel 11 mit dem umliegenden Erdreich Wärme ausgetauscht wird, so dass sich das Abgas A beim Aufsteigen in dem zweiten Abschnitt 14 erwärmt.The exhaust gas A formed by evaporation of the refrigerant K flows upwards in the
An dem Gefrierkopf 5 am ersten Endabschnitt 2, also insbesondere am oberen Ende der Gefrierlanze 10, ist eine erste Öffnung 16 zum Abziehen des erwärmten Abgases A und eine zweite Öffnung 22 zum Abziehen des erwärmten Abgases A vorgesehen. Der Innenraum 12 steht insbesondere über die erste Öffnung 16 und die zweite Öffnung 22 mit einer Umgebung in Strömungsverbindung, wobei in der Umgebung Atmosphärendruck herrscht. Dabei strömt das Abgas A insbesondere aufgrund der Druckdifferenz zwischen dem System aus Kältemittelbehälter 19 und Innenraum 12 zu der Umgebung aus der ersten Öffnung 16 und der zweiten Öffnung 22 in die Umgebung.On the freezing
Die in
An der ersten Öffnung 16 ist eine optionale zweite Einrichtung 18 zur Temperaturmessung des Abgases A positioniert. In der in
Die in
In der
Dieser Sollwert ist insbesondere so gewählt, dass die Temperatur des Kältemittels K in dem ersten Abschnitt 13 eine zum Gefrieren des Erdreichs erforderliche Temperatur aufweist (das heißt auf der Temperatur gehalten wird oder auf die Temperatur gebracht wird), wenn die Temperatur des Abgases A dem Sollwert entspricht.Specifically, this set point is selected so that the temperature of the refrigerant K in the
Überschreitet z.B. die gemessene Temperatur des Abgases A eine gewisse Solltemperatur (was ein Anzeichen für eine zu hohe Temperatur des Kältemittels K in dem ersten Abschnitt 13 ist), kann über das Ventil 20, z.B. stoßweise, Kältemittel K in den ersten Abschnitt 13 eingeleitet werden, wodurch sich die Temperatur des Kältemittels K in dem ersten Abschnitt 13 verringert.Exceeds, for example, the measured temperature of the exhaust gas A a certain set temperature (which is an indication of too high a temperature of the refrigerant K in the first portion 13), can be introduced via the
Natürlich kann eine entsprechende Steuer- und/oder Regelvorrichtung 21 auch lediglich Temperaturdaten einer der Einrichtungen 17,18 zur Temperaturmessung (also entweder mit einer an dem Übergangsbereich 4 gemessenen Abgastemperatur oder mit einer an der ersten Öffnung 16 am ersten Endabschnitt gemessenen Abgastemperatur) erhalten.Of course, a corresponding control and / or regulating
Ebenso ist es denkbar, dass die Steuer- und/oder Regelvorrichtung 21 den Zustrom des Kältemittels K in den ersten Abschnitt 13 nicht über das Ventil 20 sondern auf andere geeignete Weise steuert bzw. regelt.
Claims (11)
dass der Innenraum (12) einen entlang der Längsachse (L) an den ersten Abschnitt (13) angrenzenden zweiten Abschnitt (14) zur Aufnahme des Abgases (A) aufweist, so dass das Abgas (A) in dem zweiten Abschnitt (14) den Mantel (11) kontaktieren kann.Device (1) for freezing soil
in that the interior space (12) has a second section (14), which adjoins the first section (13) along the longitudinal axis (L), for receiving the exhaust gas (A), so that the exhaust gas (A) in the second section (14) Can contact jacket (11).
Priority Applications (5)
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PL17020351T PL3441529T3 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Device and method for the freezing of soil |
EP17020351.7A EP3441529B1 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Device and method for the freezing of soil |
US16/047,169 US10655293B2 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2018-07-27 | Device and method for ground freezing |
SG10201806676VA SG10201806676VA (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2018-08-06 | Device and method for ground freezing |
CN201810901652.0A CN109387002A (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2018-08-09 | Ground freezing device and method |
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EP17020351.7A EP3441529B1 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Device and method for the freezing of soil |
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EP2690222A1 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-29 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and system for freezing a portion of ground |
DE102013018210A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a coherent ice body in a ground icing |
EP3171104A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for ground freezing |
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US3943722A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1976-03-16 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Ground freezing method |
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DE3502527A1 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1986-07-31 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Method and apparatus for taking a soil sample |
JPS6383326A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-04-14 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Suppressing construction for oscillatory propagation on ground |
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JP2743954B2 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1998-04-28 | ケミカルグラウト株式会社 | Freezing method and freezing tube |
JPH07268856A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-17 | Seiken:Kk | Freezing method wherein break of freezing pipe can be prevented |
US5730550A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-03-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ |
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US7438501B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-10-21 | Layne Christensen Company | Ground freezing installation accommodating thermal contraction of metal feed pipes |
EP2409566A1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Destruction of invasive plants and weeds |
CN102419216A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-18 | 同济大学 | Temperature monitoring device in liquid nitrogen freezing pipe |
CN102720506B (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-08-12 | 中铁隧道股份有限公司 | In a kind of shield tunnel, liquid nitrogen frozen changes the method for ventral brush |
-
2017
- 2017-08-10 PL PL17020351T patent/PL3441529T3/en unknown
- 2017-08-10 EP EP17020351.7A patent/EP3441529B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 US US16/047,169 patent/US10655293B2/en active Active
- 2018-08-06 SG SG10201806676VA patent/SG10201806676VA/en unknown
- 2018-08-09 CN CN201810901652.0A patent/CN109387002A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2690222A1 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-29 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and system for freezing a portion of ground |
DE102013018210A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a coherent ice body in a ground icing |
EP3171104A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for ground freezing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3441529B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
CN109387002A (en) | 2019-02-26 |
US20190048549A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
SG10201806676VA (en) | 2019-03-28 |
PL3441529T3 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
US10655293B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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