EP3439768A1 - Crossflow-filtrationseinheit zur kontinuierlichen diafiltration - Google Patents
Crossflow-filtrationseinheit zur kontinuierlichen diafiltrationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3439768A1 EP3439768A1 EP17719481.8A EP17719481A EP3439768A1 EP 3439768 A1 EP3439768 A1 EP 3439768A1 EP 17719481 A EP17719481 A EP 17719481A EP 3439768 A1 EP3439768 A1 EP 3439768A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- retentate
- diafiltration
- gap
- filtration unit
- feed liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000011035 continuous diafiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
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- 238000011210 chromatographic step Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011036 discontinuous diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011082 depyrogenation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012471 diafiltration solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
- A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3413—Diafiltration
- A61M1/3417—Diafiltration using distinct filters for dialysis and ultra-filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/149—Multistep processes comprising different kinds of membrane processes selected from ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
- B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/25—Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/25—Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
- B01D2311/252—Recirculation of concentrate
- B01D2311/2523—Recirculation of concentrate to feed side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/14—Specific spacers
- B01D2313/143—Specific spacers on the feed side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/10—Cross-flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
- B01D2317/02—Elements in series
- B01D2317/022—Reject series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2319/00—Membrane assemblies within one housing
- B01D2319/06—Use of membranes of different materials or properties within one module
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a crossflow filtration unit for continuous diafiltration of a feed liquid for obtaining a retentate and a permeate, a corresponding method for diafiltration and the use of the crossflow filtration unit.
- cross-flow filtration which can also be referred to as crossflow or tangential flow filtration
- a feed fluid to be filtered overflows tangentially the surface of a filter material, which is usually a membrane, thereby becoming a retentate (concentrate) and a Permeate (filtrate) of different compositions split.
- the retentate flows over the surface of the filter material and can be removed after a single pass ("single-pass" operation), but can also be recirculated so that it repeatedly flows over the membrane surface, permeate flows through the membrane perpendicular to the surface
- Target substances to be obtained may be present in the permeate (permeate) and / or in the retentate (retentate)
- Crossflow filtration units are frequently used in the form of filter cartridges, as described, for example, in DE-PS 34 41 249.
- Filter cassettes comprise a plurality of adjacent crossflow filtration units (filter cells), which generally consist of repeated arrangements of a retentate gap for the feed liquid or retentate to be filtered, a flat membrane layer and a permeate collection gap Membrane layer delimited by the retentate of the next filter cell.
- Each retentate slit is fluidly communicated with an inlet for the feed liquid to be filtered and with an outlet for the retentate, and each permeate collection slit is with an outlet fluidly connected to the permeate.
- a feed liquid is separated into a retentate and a permeate.
- this separation is combined with a step of adding a diafiltration medium to the feed / retentate.
- This makes it possible, for example, to free a common solution of target substance (s) and one or more further substances from the other substances.
- a buffer exchange or a desalting optionally combined with a concentration, can be achieved.
- volume variable diafiltration sometimes referred to in the art as “discontinuous” diafiltration
- volume constant diafiltration sometimes referred to in the art as “continuous” diafiltration
- variable volume diafiltration filtration steps and steps of adding a diafiltration medium alternate. Consequently, in the course of this process variant, the volume of the retentate, from which the term “discontinuous diafiltration” is caused to fluctuate, in the volume-constant diafiltration, the volume of the retentate is kept constant by both the filtration and the addition of the diafiltration medium being carried out continuously
- both the variable volume and volume constant diafiltration are batch processes, and in a batch diafiltration process, a fixed volume of feed liquid must be completely subjected to a process run before a new process run can be started (,, batch "process).
- continuous processes in which material flows can be continuously added and removed are preferable to discontinuous processes. Therefore, there is a need for a continuous diafiltration process.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a crossflow filtration unit which is suitable for continuous diafiltration.
- the present invention relates to a cross-flow filtration unit for continuously diafiltering a feed liquid to obtain a retentate and a permeate, comprising at least a diafiltration nip, a sheet-like first filter material, a retentate slit, a sheet second filter material, and a permeate collection slit arranged such that the sheet-like first Filter material delimits the diafiltration gap and the retentate gap and the two-dimensional second filter material delimits the retentate gap and the permeate collection gap, wherein the diafiltration gap fluidly with at least one inlet for the diafiltration medium, the retentate gap fluidieit with at least one inlet for the feed liquid and at least one outlet for the Retentate and the Permeatsammelspait fluidieitend is connected to at least one outlet for the Permeai, and wherein the pore size or the Molekulargewic Exclusion limit of the flat first filter material is at least as large as
- the sheet-like first filter material has a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range of 30 kDa to 1500 kDa.
- the sheet second filter material preferably has a molecular weight cutoff in the range of 5 kDa to 1500 kDa.
- the determination of molecular weight cut-off can be made according to US standard ASTM E1343-90 ("Standard test method for molecular weight cutoff evaluation of flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes").
- the planar first filter material preferably has a pore size of 0.01 to 50 ⁇ ⁇ , preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
- the flat second filter material preferably has a pore size of less than 0.01 ⁇ .
- the determination of the pore size which is also referred to as the "largest pore diameter" or "dp" and in English as “maximum pore size", can according to US Standard AST F316-03 TEST METHOD A ("Standard test methods for pore size characteristics of membrane filters by bubble point and mean flow pore test ").
- the filming medium is introduced between series-connected cross-flow filtration units or the feed liquid is diluted with diafiltration medium, combined with precursor or subsequent concentration by cross-flow filtration.
- the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention, however, it is possible to introduce a certain amount of diafiltration medium into the retentate gap by means of suitable pressurization for optimal diafiltration.
- the volume of the diafiltration medium can be 0.1 to 15 times the volume of the feed liquid.
- the diafiltration medium is introduced into the retentate gap in such a way that the entire available surface of the flat first filter material is covered with the diafiltration medium.
- the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention By means of the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention, it is possible to obtain a diafiltration result which is improved compared with discontinuous diafiltration. In addition, the invention leads to a reduction of the process times and the expenditure on equipment. In continuous diafiltration, both feed liquid and diafiltration medium are continuously added, so that the process does not have to be interrupted. As a result, the Crossfiow filtration unit according to the invention enables efficient and economical process control.
- fluids such as liquids, emulsions, suspensions, drinks such as beer, wine, juice, water, milk and whey, beer wort, industrial and waste water, solutions in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, Chemical, biotechnology, genetic engineering, environmental protection and laboratory area are used as a feed liquid and diafiltered. They can be used for the recovery of valuable materials, eg separation of macromolecules and biomolecules, depyrogenation and sterilization of solutions, removal of pollutants from the fluids, filtration and concentration of biological solutions, separation of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, viruses and cell components used for the desalting of protein solutions and other biological media.
- the cross-fiow filtration unit according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for filtration, diafiltration, concentration (reduction of the solvent or water content), and / or modification of the ion composition (eg desalting or buffer exchange) of a solution, preferably a protein solution.
- a solution preferably a protein solution.
- feed liquid and retentate can be used synonymously.
- area indicates that the respective filter material lies substantially in a single plane, and preferably all filter materials lie substantially in planes that are substantially parallel to one another.
- the planar first Filter material a first filtration membrane.
- the flat second filter material is preferably a second filtration membrane.
- the areal first filter material is a first filtration membrane and the areal second filter material is a second filtration membrane.
- a porous membrane in the ultrafiltration and microfiltration range is suitable as the first filter material.
- the second filter material may advantageously be used an ultrafiltration membrane.
- the ultrafiltration membranes are characterized by pore sizes of less than 0.01 pm, or characterized by molecular weight cut-off limits which are approximately in the molecular weight range of 5 to 1500 kDa, while the microfiltration membranes pore sizes in the range of 0.01 to 50 pm, preferably 0.01 to 0 , 5 pm, or molecular weight exclusion limits of 30 to 1500 kDa.
- the filtration membranes may, for example, consist of polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyethersulfone or polysulfone, with crosslinked cellulose hydrate being particularly preferred.
- the inlet for the feed liquid is mounted in a first edge area of the crossflow filtration unit and the outlet for the retentate is located in a second edge area of the crossflow filtration unit facing the first edge area.
- a substantially uniform flow direction of the retentate from the inlet for the feed liquid is defined as the starting point for the exit of the retentate as an end point.
- the flow direction of the retentate is thereby carried out largely parallel to the flow path along the flat filter material, that is substantially without deflections, whereby a stable and reliable flow of the retentate through the Crossflow filtration unit can be guaranteed.
- the largely linear flow path without deflections, loops or the like can minimize the pressure drop in the filtration unit as well as undesirable effects of non-linear flows on target substances contained in the feed liquid.
- the inlet for the diafiltration medium be mounted in the first edge region of the crossflow filtration unit.
- the outlet for the permeate is mounted in the second edge region of the crossflow filtration unit.
- at least one outlet for the permeate is attached both in the first and in the second edge region of the crossflow filtration unit.
- the outlets for the permeate are mounted alternatively or additionally in the third and / or fourth edge region of the crossflow filtration unit.
- the third edge region is located on the side of the flow direction in a plan view of the crossflow filtration unit from the side of the diafiltration sample.
- the fourth edge region is accordingly on the right side and thus lies opposite the third edge region.
- the first edge region comprises the outer third of the length of the filtration unit opposite to the direction of flow.
- the second edge region comprises the outer third of the length of the filtration unit along the flow direction.
- the marginal areas include the respective outer 20%, more preferably the respective outer 10%, and most preferably the respective outer 3%.
- the inlets and outlets may be arranged so that the feed liquid already enters the retentate gap in the direction of flow and leaves it in the direction of flow.
- the outlet for the permeate may be arranged such that the permeate leaves the permeate collection gap in the flow direction and / or the inlet for the diafiltration medium may be arranged so that it enters the diafiltration gap in the flow direction.
- the inlets and outlets are arranged so that the diafiltration medium enters the diafiltration gap perpendicular to the flow direction and the feed liquid initially enters the retentate gap perpendicular to the flow direction and leaves it as a retentate perpendicular to the flow direction.
- Such attachment of the inlets and outlets facilitates the arrangement of a plurality of filtration units according to the invention to a filter cartridge.
- the crossflow filtration unit has a plurality of feed liquid inlets, a plurality of retentate outlets, and a plurality of permeate outlets.
- the free volume of the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap decreases in the direction of flow from the inlet for the feed liquid to the outlet for the retentate. Due to the decreasing volume A and the flatness of the filter materials, the crossflow filtration unit has a low pressure drop and a substantially non-deflection flow path of the diafiltration medium and the retentate. This makes it possible to increase the area performance of the crossflow diafiltration unit and to operate the crossflow diafiltration unit in single-pass operation (only a single pass of the retentate takes place without recycling).
- the decrease in the free volume along the flow direction is realized in that the width of the diafiltration gap and / or the width of the retentate gap decreases in the flow direction.
- the width runs along the flat first filter material and perpendicular to the flow direction.
- the width of the entire crossflow filtration unit decreases in the direction of flow.
- the retentate gap or the crossflow filtration unit is preferably trapezoidal in a plan view along a normal of the plane in which the flat first filter material lies.
- the trapezoidal basic shape of the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap or the crossflow filtration unit may be unequal in shape, for example at right angles, and is preferably isosceles.
- the height of the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap or the crossflow filtration unit in the flow direction may decrease.
- the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap can be wedge-shaped.
- the height of the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap or the crossflow filtration unit is perpendicular to the flat first filter material and perpendicular to the flow direction.
- the length runs parallel to the flow direction and along the flat first filter material.
- the crossflow filtration unit has a length of at least 50 mm, preferably at least 150 mm, more preferably 500 mm, particularly preferably 750 mm or more.
- Such a length can be achieved, for example, by connecting several, for example at least 2, at least 3 or at least 4, crossflow filtration units in series. Due to a longer length, a particularly high efficiency can be achieved.
- the free volume of the permeate collection gap changes in the flow direction. Particularly preferably, the free volume of the permeate collection gap decreases in the flow direction. Thereby can for example, maintaining the outer dimensions of the filtration cassette.
- Free volume decreasing in the direction of flow means that a cross-sectional area Ai which can be traversed by the diafiltration medium or the retentate lies in a plane which has a normal parallel to the flow direction and a corresponding cross-sectional area A2 which is parallel to A1 is further away from the inlet for the diafiltration medium or the feed liquid than Ai, wherein the area Ai through which the diafiltration medium or the retentate flows is greater than A 2 and there are no correspondingly defined planes ⁇ and A 2 'for which the Area of ⁇ - is smaller than that of A 2 '.
- the decrease in the free volume can be continuous (for all Ai and A 2 , A> A 2 ) or continuous (for all Ai and A 2 , Ai> A 2 ). It is also possible that the Voiumenabddling is discontinuous, that is, along the Fiussoplasty at least one discontinuous drop or crack in the cross-sectional area occurs.
- the change in the free volume of the retentate gap in the flow direction is preferably in the range from 20 to 1 to 1.2 to 1, preferably 10 to 1, depending on the filtration task.
- the term "change in the free volume of the retentate gap in the flow direction" is understood to mean the ratio of the cross-sectional area Ai at the inlet for the feed liquid to the cross-sectional area A 2 at the outlet for the retentate.
- the thickness of the diafiltration gap and / or the thickness of the retentate gap and optionally the thickness of the permeate collection gap decreases / decreases in the direction of flow.
- the diafiltration gap, the retentate gap and the permeate collection gap are usually kept open by spacers for the respective media.
- a flat spacer is / are mounted in the diafiltration gap and / or in the retentate gap of the crossflow filtration unit such that the free volume of the retentate gap decreases in the direction of flow.
- Suitable spacers for crossflow filtration units are known in the art and may be used in the diafiltration nip, retentate nip and / or permeate collection nip of the crossflow filtration unit of the present invention.
- the spacers are preferably modified such that their volume increases in the direction of flow, in order to achieve a decrease in volume of the free volume available for the diafiltration medium or the retentate.
- Preferred spacers may be textile materials of organic or non-organic materials, such as woven, knitted, nonwoven or extruded nets.
- the spacer may be a non-planar plate.
- the non-planar plate may be a plate having at least one non-planar main surface.
- the main surfaces of a slab are the opposing surfaces with the largest surface area.
- the at least one non-planar major surface may have unevenness in the form of a corrugated or serrated surface.
- the uneven surface may have protruding elements such as kegei (stumps), pyramids (stumps), nubs or other geometric figures.
- the non-planar plate may also be similar to a corrugated sheet in a corrugated or serrated form, with the corrugations or serrations preferably extending parallel to the direction of flow. Suitable materials for the non-planar plate are the same as those listed below for open-meshed matrix spacers.
- the spacer consists of an open-meshed matrix or of an extruded net.
- Such spacers are known in the art and have been described for example in the publication of the German patent application DE 100 22 259 A1.
- the spacers according to the invention are preferably modified such that their volume in the direction of flow increases in order to achieve a decrease in volume of the free volume available for the diafiltration medium or the retentate.
- ordinary spacers can also be installed in the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention, for example in the permeate collection gap and / or in the diafiltration gap or in all columns of the filtration unit with decreasing width in the direction of flow.
- a decreasing width can be achieved, for example, by a trapezoidal configuration of the gaps or the crossflow filtration unit.
- the mesh width of the open-meshed matrix or of the extruded mesh can decrease in the direction of flow in order to achieve a decrease in the free volume along the direction of flow.
- the mesh number at the inlet for the diafiltration medium or at the inlet for the feed liquid is 5 / cm to 15 / cm, in the middle between the inlet for the Diafiitrationsmedium or the inlet for the feed liquid and the outlet for the retentate 10 / cm to 30 / cm and at the outlet for the retentate 20 / cm to 40 / cm.
- the open-mesh matrix or the extruded mesh can be constructed of intersecting longitudinal and transverse threads and the number and / or thickness of the longitudinal and / or transverse threads in the flow direction increase.
- the open-meshed matrix is preferably made of an organic polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene fluoride or blends thereof. It is also possible that the open-meshed matrix is composed of fibers of different types of polymers.
- several layers of textile materials are arranged one above the other in the retentate gap such that the free Channel volume decreases in the flow direction.
- This can be achieved, for example, in that the layers arranged one above the other start offset in the direction of flow.
- the superimposed layers preferably extend to the second edge region.
- Knitted fabrics, fleeces ! or extruded meshes may be made of organic or non-organic materials.
- the embodiments shown here for realizing the decrease in the free volume of the diafiltration gap or retentate gap can be combined with one another as desired.
- the retentate gap is delimited by a flat first filter material and a flat second filter material.
- the diafiltration gap is limited by at least one areal first filter material.
- the Permeatsammelspalt is limited by at least one flat second filter material.
- a retentate gap is adjoined by a diafiltration gap and a permeate collection gap.
- a preferred Crossfiow filtration unit comprises of a plurality of stacked arrangements of Diafiitrationspalt, flat first filter material, retentate, planar second filter material, Permeatsammelspalt, planar second filter material, retentate and flat first filter material, preferably completed by a further Diafiltrationsspalt, so that the stacked arrangements to a Filter cassette are summarized.
- Suitable embodiments for filter cartridges are known in the art.
- each Diafiltrationsspalt these arrangements on both sides by a respective filter material which corresponds to the first filter material, delimited by two Retentatspalten.
- each permeate collection gap of these arrangements is preferably delimited on both sides by a respective filter material, which corresponds to the second filter material, from two retentate gaps.
- the first filter materials and second filter materials may each be different from each other. That means it can basically different first filter materials and different second filter materials are used.
- similar first filter materials and / or similar second filter materials are used.
- the flat first and second filter materials independently of each other each have a substantially uniform thickness of preferably 50 ⁇ to 10,000 ⁇ , more preferably 150 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ , on. If the flat boundary of the Diafiltrationsspaltes by the flat first Filtermateria!
- the free volume of the diafiltration gap and / or the retentate gap can be wedge-shaped so that the free volume decreases in the direction of flow.
- the diafiltration gap, the retentate gap and the permeate collection gap are bounded on both sides by largely parallel surfaces.
- the shape of the crossflow filtration unit is not particularly limited.
- the crossflow filtration unit may be, for example, cuboid or cylindrical.
- the present invention relates to a process for diafiltration of a feed liquid to obtain a retentate and a permeate, comprising the steps
- the above-described crossflow filtration unit is preferably provided which comprises a plurality of stacked arrangements of diafiltration nip, areal first filter material, retentate gap, areal second filter material, permeate collection gap, areal second filter material, retentate gap and areal first filter material such that the stacked arrays are combined to a filter cartridge.
- the diafiltration medium used is not particularly limited. In principle, any fluid is suitable, with water and aqueous salt solutions being preferred. Particularly preferred as the diafiltration medium is an aqueous buffer solution.
- the volume flow of the supplied diafiltration medium is 0.1 to 15 times the volume flow of the supplied feed liquid.
- the volume flow of the discharged retentate is preferably 0.05 to 10 times the volume flow of the supplied feed liquid.
- the diafiltration medium is supplied at a pressure of 0.1 to 4 bar.
- the diafiltration medium is fed at a pressure which is greater than the retentate release rate.
- the process of the invention is operated continuously, that is, with constant / continuous addition of the diafiltration medium and the feed liquid, whereby a particularly efficient and economical filtration process can be provided.
- continuous diafiltration is understood to mean a diafiltration process in which both the diafiltration medium and the feed liquid are added continuously.
- step (A) several according to the invention and independent cross-flow filtration units provided and connected in series, that the outlet for the retentate of the respective upstream crossflow filtration unit is fluidly connected to the inlet for the feed liquid of a downstream crossflow filtration unit.
- step (C) the feed liquid is fed into the inlet for the feed liquid of that crossflow filtration unit, which is not preceded by another crossflow filtration unit (first crossflow filtration unit), and in step (D), the retentate from the outlet for the retentate of that crossflow filtration unit, which no other crossflow filtration unit is downstream (last crossflow filtration unit) dissipated.
- the retentate / feed liquid passes through the series-connected crossflow filtration units from the first to the last.
- 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 5 crossflow filtration units are connected in series.
- the diafiltration medium in this embodiment is supplied separately to each of the series-connected cross-flow filtration units. While it is possible to use various diafiltration media, it is preferred to deliver the same diafiltration medium to each of the crossflow filtration units.
- each of the series crossfiow filtration units as described above is in the form of a filter cassette.
- a plurality of inventive and independent crossflow filtration units are provided in step (A) and connected in parallel. Parallel and series connection can be combined with each other.
- the retentate removed in step (D) is at least partially returned to the inlet for the feed liquid.
- a circulation process if a single pass through the crossflow filtration unit is not sufficient, an improved result of the process can be achieved.
- the addition of the diafiltration liquid and the removal of the permeate take place here without recycling.
- any retentate stream can be recycled to any inlet for the feed liquid, in series with crossflow filtration units.
- the retentate of each individual crossflow filtration unit is returned to the inlet for the feed liquid of the same crossflow filtration unit.
- the feed liquid or the retentate in the retentate gap is / are set in oscillation. This will cause the flow in the. Retentate gap overlaid by an oscillation (oscillation).
- This may be accomplished by at least one oscillation generating device which may be attached to the feed liquid inlet and / or to the retentate outlet.
- Such a device for generating oscillation moves the retentate back and forth in the retentate gap, that is to say the retentate is set into an oscillating movement which runs largely parallel to the flat first filter material.
- the oscillation is generated by an oscillation generating device mounted at the feed liquid inlet and another oscillation generating device mounted at the retentate outlet.
- An inventively suitable device for generating oscillation is, for example, a piston pump.
- a device for generating oscillation comprises a reservoir, which is divided into two halves by an elastic membrane, and optionally a pressure source.
- the reservoir is a reservoir (storage) for the feed liquid or the retentate.
- the first half of the reservoir is via a valve control with a pressure source, such. B. a compressed air source or a pump connected.
- the second half of the reservoir is fluid-conductively connected to the feed liquid inlet and the retentate outlet of the filtration device.
- each one of the first halves of the two reservoirs with pressure (for example, with compressed air) so the retentate flow can be moved back and forth (in oscillation or oscillation).
- pressure for example, with compressed air
- the reservoirs described above can both be separate plant part (not part of the crossflow filtration unit), as well as be integrated as part of the crossflow filtration unit in the housing.
- the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention preferably has at least one (preferably two) device (s) for generating an oscillation of the feed liquid or of the retentate in the retentate gap. It is inventively preferred that a device for generating oscillation having a reservoir with a Druckquelie.
- the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention particularly preferably comprises a first reservoir, optionally with a first pressure source, and a second reservoir, optionally with a second pressure source, wherein the first reservoir is conductively connected to the inlet for the feed liquid and the second reservoir is conductively connected to the outlet for the retentate, with the proviso that at least one of the first and second pressure sources is present.
- both the first and the second reservoir each have a pressure source.
- Each of the reservoirs is preferably divided into two halves by an elastic and fluid impermeable (gas and liquid impermeable) membrane, the first half being connected to a pressure source.
- the second half of the first reservoir is preferably fluidly connected to the inlet for the feed liquid.
- the second half of the second reservoir is preferably fluidly connected to the outlet for the pension.
- the method according to the invention further comprises the step (CO) of separating a feed liquid into a pre-retentate and a pre-permeate.
- a liquid can first be concentrated, for example by filtration or diafiltration, and / or freed of impurities (part), in order then to be subjected to a subsequent diafiltration using the crossflow filtration unit according to the invention.
- step (CO) is a filtration step or diafiltration step, in principle both the pre-retentate and the pre-permeate can be used as the feed liquid, but preferably the pre-retentate from step (CO) is used.
- Step (CO) is advantageously carried out using a crossflow filtration (CO) unit to separate a feed liquid into a pre-retentate and a pre-permeate.
- CO crossflow filtration
- Such crossflow filtration units are known in the art.
- the CO unit can, as described above for the series connection of the crossflow filtration units according to the invention, be connected upstream of the first crossflow filtration unit.
- a CO unit is a crossflow filtration unit, comprising a Vorretentatspalt, a flat filter material and Vorpermeatsammelspalt arranged such that the flat filter material delimits the Vorretentatspalt and the Vorpermeatsammelspalt from each other, wherein the Vorretentatspalt fluid conducting with at least one inlet for the feed liquid and is connected to at least one outlet for the Vorretentat and the Vorpermeatsammelspalt is fluidly connected to at least one outlet for the Vorpermeat, the inlet for the feed liquid in a first edge region of the crossflow filtration unit is mounted and the outlet for the Vorretentat in a second edge region of the Crossflow -Filtration-unit, which is opposite to the first edge region, attached, and preferably the free volume of the Vorretentatspaltes in the flow direction from the inlet for the feed liquid to the outlet for the Pre-Retention decreases.
- a CO unit with low pressure loss and high area utilization By decreasing the free volume in the flow direction, a CO unit with low pressure loss and high area utilization can be provided.
- the sheet filter material of the CO unit may be a microfiltration membrane and preferably an ultrafiltration membrane.
- the CO unit can be expanded to a filter cartridge. The process according to the invention is preferably operated under the following conditions:
- Pretentat the retentate outlet pressure is, d. H. the pressure with which the retentate leaves the filtration device,
- VRententat is the volume flow of the retentate
- VDF is the volume flow of the diafiltration medium
- VFeed is the volume flow of the feed liquid
- x is the so-called DF ratio
- k is the so-called concentration factor.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for filtration, diafiltration, concentration and / or modification of the ionic composition of a protein solution or combinations thereof.
- the process according to the invention can be part of a more comprehensive process.
- the diafiltration process can be followed by a pretreatment and / or preceded by an aftertreatment.
- suitable pre- and post-treatments are reaction of starting materials to products by biological or chemical means, thermal and mechanical separation methods and chemical analysis methods.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out a chemical or biological process which comprises the above-described crossflow diafiltration unit.
- a device can, for example, a bioreactor, a cell separation unit, a unit for diafiltration with the inventive Crossflow diafiltration unit and a unit for chromatography include.
- Suitable chemical and biological processes are, for example, the production of vaccines or biopharmaceuticals.
- the present invention relates to the use of the crossflow filtration unit for continuous diafiltration within a chemical or biological process, wherein the continuous diafiltration step is preceded by at least one feed liquid preparation step and / or at least one retentate follow-up step.
- Suitable preparation or post-treatment steps are, for example, reaction in a bioreactor, optionally followed by cell separation, chromatography, filtration, concentration and dilution (see FIG. 4).
- a solution of albumin and NaCl (5.2% by weight of albumin in 0.9% by weight aqueous NaCl solution) was subjected to diafiltration.
- the determination of the albumin concentration was carried out photometrically at a wavelength of the light of 280 nm.
- the conductivity of the starting solution was 14 mS.
- Demineralized water was used as the diafiltration medium.
- the diafiltration unit was designed as a filter cassette, wherein 13 arrangements of diafiltration gap, areal first filter material, retentate gap, areal second filter material, permeate collection gap, areal second filter material, retentate gap and areal first filter material were stacked on top of each other and supplemented by a further diafiltration gap.
- the flat second filter material used was a 10 kDa Hydrosart® membrane from Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH.
- the flat first filter material was a 30 kDa polyethersulfone membrane from Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH used.
- the DF ratio (volume of diafiltration medium / volume of feed liquid) was about 5.5: 1.
- the conductivity of the starting solution was 15.9 mS.
- the diafiltration medium (DF) used was 10 millimolar KPI solution with a conductivity of 2.05 mS.
- the diafiltration units used were in the form of a filter cassette, with each of the diafiltration units having 8 arrays of diafiltration gap, flat first filter material, retentate gap, areal second filter material, permeate collection gap, areal second filter material, retentate gap and flat first filter material stacked on top of one another and supplemented by a further diafiltration gap.
- the flat second filter material used was a 10 kDa Hydrosart® membrane from Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH.
- As a flat first filter material a 30 kDa Hydrosart® membrane from Sartorius Stedim Bioiech GmbH was used.
- the total filter area of all three flat second filter materials was 0.2 m 2 .
- the DF ratio (volume diafiltration medium / volume of feed liquid) was about 4.5: 1.
- the result of the above example is shown in the following Table 2. During the trial, the settings of the pumps and valves did not change readjusted. The diafiltration unit operated for a period of 2 hours with constant and stable performances.
- the effectiveness of diafiltration was calculated from the decrease in conductivity (LF) in the feed stream and is referred to in the table as "clearance.”
- the percent clearance was calculated according to the formula
- the calculated clearance value was compared with the theoretically achievable value.
- Example 2 shows that with the device according to the invention an extremely effective continuous diafiltration is possible, which can reach the theoretical (maximum possible) clearance value of 99%.
- a clearance value of 78% can be achieved.
- each subsequent concentration on the starting volume would result in a clearance value of only 96%. Even this is still significantly below the achievable clearance of 99% according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a possible construction of a crossflow diafiltration unit (1) according to the invention with a flat second filter material in the form of an ultrafiltration membrane (6) and a flat first filter material in the form of a microfiltration membrane (4), wherein the flows of diafiltration medium (3), feed liquid ( 5), retentate (7) and permeate (2) are illustrated by arrows.
- the diafiltration gap, the retentate gap and the permeate collection gap are kept open by spacers (8) for the respective media.
- FIG. 2 shows by way of example schematically the performance of the diafiltration process according to the invention with a crossflow diafiltration unit, which is designed as a diafiltration cassette (1).
- the feed liquid (5) is fed via a pump (14) at the inlet for the feed liquid.
- the pressure of the diafiltration medium (3) or of the retentate (7) is measured by manometer (16).
- the respective composition of the retentate (7) and the permeate (2) is monitored by a measuring device, for example a conductometer (19).
- the volume flow of the retentate (7) is controlled by a throttle valve (17).
- FIG. 3 shows by way of example schematically the implementation of the diafiltration process according to the invention, wherein three diafiltration cassettes (1) are connected in series.
- Upstream is a step of separating a liquid into a pre-retentate and a pre-permeate by means of a conventional cross-flow filtration cassette (11).
- the feed liquid (5) is supplied via a pump (14).
- the diafiltration medium (3) is fed to the three diafiltration cassettes (1) via a pump (12).
- the Vorretentat from the respective upstream filtration unit is fed via channel (10) of the respective downstream filtration unit as a feed liquid.
- the pressure of the diafiltration medium (3) or of the retentate (7) is measured by manometer (16).
- the composition of the retentate (7) is monitored by a measuring device, for example a conductometer (19).
- the volume flow of the retentate (7) is controlled by a throttle valve (17).
- the permeate (2) from all modules (1 1,) is discharged via the manifold (20).
- FIG. 4 shows by way of example schematically the performance of the diafiltration process according to the invention and a crossflow diafiltration unit according to the present invention, wherein the feed liquid / the retentate (5) is / are oscillated in the retentate gap.
- the feed liquid (5) is introduced via a pump (14) into a reservoir (30a) and subsequently into the retentate gap. Thereafter, the feed liquid / retentate (5) passes through a second oscillation generating device and a second reservoir (30b), respectively.
- the diafiltration medium (3) is introduced into the diafiltration gap via a pump (12).
- the illustrated cross-flow diafiltration unit has two devices for generating oscillation, wherein the first device comprises a first reservoir (30a) and the second device comprises a second reservoir (30b) different therefrom.
- Reservoir (30a) is fluidly connected to the inlet for the feed liquid (5).
- Reservoir (30b) is fluidly connected to the outlet for the retentate (7).
- Each reservoir is separated into two halves by an elastic and fluid impermeable membrane.
- the first half of the first reservoir (30a) (not shown hatched in FIG. 4) is connected to a pressure source via a valve control.
- the second half of the first reservoir (30a) (shown hatched in Figure 4) is fluidly connected to the inlet for the feed liquid.
- the second reservoir (30b) is separated into two halves by an elastic and fluid impermeable membrane.
- the first half of the second reservoir (30b) (not shown hatched in FIG. 4) is connected via a valve control to a pressure source.
- the second half of the second reservoir (30b) (shown hatched in FIG. 4) is fluid-conductively connected to the outlet for the retentate.
- FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, various sections A to C of process diagrams for carrying out a method for producing biopharmaceuticals, wherein the processes each comprise the provision of at least one crossflow diafiltration unit (1) according to the invention.
- the dashed square brackets and the preceding or following arrows indicate that further process steps can be upstream or downstream.
- FIG. 5A comprises a crossflow diafusion unit (1) according to the invention, wherein a bioreactor (41) and a cell separation unit (42) are connected upstream. Downstream of the crossflow diafiltration unit (1) is a chromatography unit / chromatography step (44). The stream of product solution from bioreactor (1) is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 5B comprises a crossflow diafiltration unit (1) according to the invention between two chromatographic steps (44), d. H. Diafiltration is preceded by a chromatography step and followed by a chromatography step.
- FIG. 5C comprises a crossflow diafiltration unit (1) according to the invention before a final filtration step (45).
- the process steps illustrated in FIGS. 5A to 5C can be arbitrarily extended by further process steps or combined as desired.
- the crossflow filtration according to the invention is preferably used for filtration, diafiltration, concentration and / or modification of the composition of a solution. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102016004115.3A DE102016004115A1 (de) | 2016-04-05 | 2016-04-05 | Crossflow-Filtrationseinheit zur kontinuierlichen Diafiltration |
PCT/EP2017/000427 WO2017174192A1 (de) | 2016-04-05 | 2017-04-05 | Crossflow-filtrationseinheit zur kontinuierlichen diafiltration |
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EP17719481.8A Pending EP3439768A1 (de) | 2016-04-05 | 2017-04-05 | Crossflow-filtrationseinheit zur kontinuierlichen diafiltration |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11612861B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3439768A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN108778470A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016004115A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017174192A1 (de) |
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AU2017259085B2 (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2023-04-20 | Poly Medicure Limited | Intravenous infusion set |
DE102018004909B4 (de) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-03-26 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh | Modulares Prozessiersystem und Verfahren zum modularen Aufbau eines Prozessiersystems |
DE102018006286B3 (de) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-10-10 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh | Bioreaktor mit Filtereinheit und Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Zellbrühe |
DE102018009597A1 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-10 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur mehrfachen Änderung der Zusammensetzung eines Fluids |
US20210047605A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-18 | Repligen Corporation | Control systems and methods for automated clarification of cell culture with high solids content |
EP3782716A1 (de) | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-24 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH | Querstromfiltrationsverfahren, verfahren zur gewinnung von mindestens einem querstromfiltrationsparameter und system zur gewinnung von mindestens einem querstromfiltrationsparameter |
DE102019006817A1 (de) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-01 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh | Verfahren zum Entlüften einer Querstromdiafiltrationseinheit, Querstromdiafiltrationsverfahren und Querstromdiafiltrationseinheit |
JP7506191B2 (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2024-06-25 | ミネトロニクス ニューロ インコーポレイテッド | 濾過システム及び濾過システムと共に用いるための濾過マニホールド |
DE102020119204A1 (de) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-27 | BoSeVo GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Membranfiltration und zur Entfernung von Mikroschadstoffen mittels eines Reaktivstoffes aus Flüssigkeiten |
WO2022191891A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Systems and methods for single pass counter current diafiltration |
EP4166223A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH | Trennsystem und -verfahren zur trennung und reinigung einer zielkomponente |
EP4252882A1 (de) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-04 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH | Trennsystem zur trennung und reinigung einer zielkomponente |
Family Cites Families (8)
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FR2447196A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-08-22 | Sodip Sa | Appareil medical echangeur-separateur a membranes |
DE3441249A1 (de) | 1983-11-15 | 1985-05-30 | Sartorius GmbH, 3400 Göttingen | Stapelfoermiges trennelement aus geschichteten zuschnitten zur behandlung von fluiden |
US4855058A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1989-08-08 | Hydranautics | High recovery spiral wound membrane element |
SE502222C2 (sv) * | 1994-01-17 | 1995-09-18 | Althin Medical Ab | Sätt vid dialys |
DE10022259A1 (de) | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | Sartorius Gmbh | Crossflow-Filterkassetten in Form von verbesserten Weitspaltmodulen |
US8152999B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2012-04-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Membrane cascade-based separation |
US7141171B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-11-28 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Membrane cascade-based separation |
US10342909B2 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2019-07-09 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc. | Systems and methods for increasing convective clearance of undesired particles in a microfluidic device |
-
2016
- 2016-04-05 DE DE102016004115.3A patent/DE102016004115A1/de active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-04-05 CN CN201780018349.XA patent/CN108778470A/zh active Pending
- 2017-04-05 EP EP17719481.8A patent/EP3439768A1/de active Pending
- 2017-04-05 WO PCT/EP2017/000427 patent/WO2017174192A1/de active Application Filing
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2018
- 2018-10-03 US US16/150,685 patent/US11612861B2/en active Active
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DE102016004115A1 (de) | 2017-10-05 |
CN108778470A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
US11612861B2 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
WO2017174192A1 (de) | 2017-10-12 |
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