EP3437756A1 - Continuous casting of a metallic strand - Google Patents
Continuous casting of a metallic strand Download PDFInfo
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- EP3437756A1 EP3437756A1 EP17184963.1A EP17184963A EP3437756A1 EP 3437756 A1 EP3437756 A1 EP 3437756A1 EP 17184963 A EP17184963 A EP 17184963A EP 3437756 A1 EP3437756 A1 EP 3437756A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strand
- mold
- cooling
- continuous casting
- actual
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 108091060210 Heavy strand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/1213—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for heating or insulating strands
Definitions
- the present invention relates to continuous casting, preferably semi-continuous, continuous casting of a metallic strand in a continuous casting machine.
- the generic method and a suitable system are from WO 2015/079071 known.
- the cooling rate of the strand can be fine-tuned from bottom to top.
- the formation of cavities in the strand is prevented, so that liquid molten steel can compensate for the solidification-induced volume jumps between the solid and liquid phase.
- the internal quality of the strand is thereby significantly improved. How the inner quality of the strand can be further improved, is not apparent from the Scriptures.
- the object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting processes so that cavities or cracks in the strand are prevented even more consistently. This should further improve the internal quality of the cast strand.
- the solution is carried out by a generic method, wherein the strand is thermally insulated in the Tertiärksselzone by a thermal insulation and a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation in the casting direction is increasingly adjusted.
- the heat insulation can either be preset statically or set dynamically during casting or solidification.
- a strand typically a steel strand or a strand of a so-called superalloy (see https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superleg réelle, for example, a nickel-based alloy), produced with a pronounced V-shaped configuration of the strand shells.
- forms in the Tertiärksselzone a strand whose strand shell is much thicker at the beginning of the strand than at the strand end.
- liquid molten steel can directly fill up any voids caused by the solidification, which improves the internal quality of the strand.
- a simple way to achieve a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation, which increases in the casting direction, is to make a thickness of the U of the heat insulation in the casting direction decreasing.
- a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation which increases in the casting direction can also be achieved by decreasing the degree of coverage of the heat insulation of the surface of the strand in the casting direction. This can e.g. be done by insulation panels whose degree of coverage is preset statically or dynamically adjusted during casting.
- the tertiary cooling zone comprises a plurality of dynamically adjustable during operation Isolierpanele, wherein an opening angle an insulating panel relative to the vertical in the casting direction is increasingly adjusted.
- the increase is piecewise continuous, preferably continuously differentiable at least once. As a result, shocks are prevented in the continuous casting machine.
- the calculation of the actual temperature field is eg from the DE 4417808 C3 or the WO 2009/141205 A1 known. Details are included in this application by reference.
- the heat insulation can be adjusted, for example, so that the actual position of a time-dependent desired position of the sump tip corresponds as possible.
- an intensity of the secondary cooling is advantageous to set as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
- a further improvement in the internal quality of the strand can be achieved if the continuous casting machine comprises a strand-movable in the casting direction, the strand agitator during the extraction and after completing the extraction of the cold strand from the mold, the region of the sump tip of the strand is electromagnetically stirred.
- the solution is carried out by a generic continuous casting machine, which has a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation in the Tertiärkühlzone.
- control or regulating device realizes a time or length-dependent control or regulation of the heat transfer coefficient U.
- an extraction speed of the strand from the mold and / or an intensity of the secondary cooling can be set as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
- FIGS. 1a ... 1h is the continuous casting, specifically the so-called semi-continuous continuous casting, a strand 1 shown in steel.
- the continuous casting machine is designed as a vertical installation and has as main components a water-cooled mold 2, a strand guide 3 comprising a plurality of strand guide rollers 3a engageable with the strand 1 and a secondary cooling 4 with a plurality of cooling nozzles 4a and a tertiary cooling zone 5 with a thermal insulation 9 and several insulation panels 9a on.
- the machine head of the continuous casting machine comprising the mold 2 and the strand guide 3, are movable relative to the tertiary cooling zone 5, so that a single machine head can supply strands to several tertiary cooling zones.
- the strand guide rollers 3a need not necessarily be adjustable via an actuator to the strand 1. It is sufficient if these can be adjusted to the strand mechanically, for example via washers or so-called shims.
- Fig. 1a the situation is shown before casting the continuous casting machine.
- a cold strand 6 was introduced into the mold 2, so that the stationary cold strand 6, the mold in the casting direction G fluid-tight seals.
- In 1b is the casting of the continuous casting machine shown.
- a molten steel or a melt of a so-called superalloy is fed into the mold 2 either directly or via a distributor vessel, so that a casting level M is formed in the mold 2 and a strand 1 due to the primary cooling of the mold 2.
- a somewhat constant pouring M is started with the extraction of the cold strand 6 from the mold 2.
- the drawing off takes place relatively slowly with a first drawing speed v 1 of 0.12 m / min (see Fig. 3a ).
- the extraction speed v is increased (see Fig.
- a thin strand shell 11 at the upper end of the strand 1c facilitates this crucial.
- the mold 2 is oscillated by an oscillator, not shown, in the vertical direction.
- a stirring coil, also not shown below the mold 2 stirs the partially solid strand. Both details are customary and eg from the WO 2015/079071 known.
- Fig. 1c the continuous casting is more advanced, wherein the strand 1 is supported and guided in the strand guide 3 by the strand guide rollers 3a and further cooled by the cooling nozzles 4a of the secondary cooling 4.
- the solid line of Fig. 3a is the extraction speed at the time of Fig. 1c in about 0.2 m / min.
- Fig. 1d is the time in continuous casting shown, in which the supply of molten steel was just stopped in the mold.
- the drawing speed v corresponds to the second drawing speed v 2 of 0.36 m / min. This pull-out speed of the strand 1 is maintained until the end of the pull-out operation (see Fig. 3a ).
- the pouring mirror G in the mold 2 drops (see Fig. 1e ).
- the strand 1 has its final strand length L of typically 6 to 12m.
- the diameter of the strand 1 is 600 mm.
- the Fig. 1f shows the situation after the strand end 1c has passed the strand guide 3 and the secondary cooling 4 has been switched off.
- the partially solided strand 1b is then in the Tertiärksselzone 5 and is slowly controlled or controlled cooled.
- the non-inventive cooling of the partially solidified strand 1b is shown in the Tertiärkssel 5, wherein the time of Fig. 1g before the time of Fig. 1h is.
- the machine head can serve several tertiary cooling zones 5 and, for example, can be moved in a horizontal direction to a further tertiary cooling zone 5.
- the strand end 1 c can be heated by a head heater 13.
- the head heater 13 can be made, for example, inductively or by an exothermic powder (the process is referred to as "hot topping"), wherein the powder generates heat energy with the liquid molten steel. Since the partially solidified strand 1b in the region of the sump tip is particularly susceptible to cracks or cavities, it is advantageous if a strand agitator 14 in particular electromagnetically stirs this region.
- the Fig. 2a shows a continuous cast semi-solid strand 1b according to the prior art.
- the strand end is almost completely solidified, so that any voids or cracks in the strand can not be filled by liquid melt 12.
- FIG. 2b shows a strand of the invention.
- the strand end 1 c is still largely liquid, so that any voids or cracks in the strand can be filled by liquid melt 12. As a result, the strand has a better internal quality.
- the Fig. 3b shows another diagram for the extraction speed v, where v depends not on the time t but on the strand length s. This ensures that the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly than the strand end 1c, regardless of any interruptions in the casting process.
- the inner quality of the strand can also be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 as a function of time or the strand length s (see Fig. 1c ) respectively. In both cases, this means that the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly in the secondary cooling 4 is called the strand end 1c. This measure can be done in addition to increasing the Auszieh Anthony v of the dummy bar 6 from the mold 2 or instead of it.
- the intensity of the secondary cooling is varied as a function of the time t or the strand length s.
- the time-dependent change in the intensity of the secondary cooling by a change in the flow rate Q through the cooling nozzles 4a of the secondary cooling 4 is in Fig. 4a shown.
- the decrease of the flow rate Q or the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 can be linear (continuous line) but also sub-linear or superlinear (see dashed lines).
- the intensity of the secondary cooling can also be varied as a function of the strand length s (see 4b ). In this case, the strand length s during casting is calculated and the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 is determined according to the characteristic of 4b set.
- Fig. 5 schematically shows the accumulated on the different areas of a teilerstarrten strand 1b amounts of coolant in the time or strand length-dependent adjustment of the intensity of the secondary cooling (see Fig. 4a or 4b ).
- a possibility according to the invention for improving the internal quality of the strand is shown.
- the heat insulation 9 is set in the tertiary cooling zone 5 as a function of the strand length L, wherein a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G increases.
- the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly in the teritary cooling 5 than the strand end 1c.
- This measure can be done in addition to increasing the Auszieh educa v of the dummy bar 6 from the mold 2.
- the change in the thermal insulation 9 in the tertiary cooling zone 5 to be carried out in addition to the adjustment of the intensity of the secondary cooling 4.
- the change in the heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 is in Fig. 6 represented by a variable thickness of the insulation.
- Fig. 7a is a further possibility according to the invention for strand length-dependent change of the thermal insulation 9 in the Tertiärkssel 5 shown by insulation panels 9a.
- the pivotable flaps of the insulation panels are set differently, the upper flaps are largely closed and the lower flaps are largely open.
- a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G increases.
- the change in the opening angle of the flaps can be preset either statically or dynamically, for example via pivoting drives for pivoting the flaps, during the cooling in the tertiary cooling zone 5.
- the Fig. 7b shows an alternative to Fig. 7a , wherein the degree of coverage of the insulating flaps 9a of the strand at the strand end 1c is higher than at the strand beginning. This also increases the heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G.
- Fig. 8a is a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling or regulating the pullout speed v shown.
- the control unit 10 taking into account the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal, the primary cooling 2a in the mold 2, the secondary cooling 4 and the strand length s calculates the temperature field and the sump tip in the cast strand 1 and sets the withdrawal speed of the dummy strand via the motor 16 depending on the sump tip.
- the sump tip is calculated in real time in a thermal calculation model.
- the Fig. 8b also shows a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling or regulating the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 as a function of the strand length s.
- the controller 10 calculates, considering the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal and the primary cooling 2a in the mold and the strand length s, the temperature field and the sump tip in the cast strand 1 and adjusts the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 as a function of the sump tip.
- the sump tip is calculated in real time in a thermal calculation model.
- the Fig. 8c Finally shows a continuous casting machine according to the invention with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling or regulating a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the Tertiärkühlzone 5.
- the control or regulating device 10th In consideration of the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal and the primary cooling 2a in the mold, the temperature field and the sump peak in the cast strand 1 are calculated and adjusts the opening angles of the insulating panels 9a depending on the sump tip. The sump tip is calculated in real time in a thermal calculation model.
- FIG. 9a we poured a strand 1 in the mold 2 and pulled out with variable withdrawal speed v from the mold.
- the strand 1 is supported and guided in the strand guide 3 and cooled by the secondary cooling.
- Fig. 9b the casting in the mold was stopped and the strand 1 is located in a radiation area 17, where it can radiate heat to the environment over a certain time.
- the strand passes through a stirring coil 14 and is electromagnetically stirred by this, see Fig. 9c ,
- the strand is then introduced into the tertiary cooling zone 5, where it is cooled or controlled by the thermal insulation 9. Since, in particular, the strand end 1 c is particularly sensitive, it is again thermally insulated by a lid, see 9d and 9e ,
- FIG. 10 schematically a head insulation 18 of a strand 1 is shown.
- the head insulation has a heat insulation 9 for the strand end 1c of the strand 1, so that the strand end 1c remains liquid longer.
- an exothermic powder 19 can be applied to the liquid strand end 1c, which additionally heats the strand 1.
- Fig. 11 is schematically the result of the time- or distance-dependent adjustment of the extraction speed v and / or the time- or path-dependent adjustment of the intensity of the secondary cooling and / or the setting of a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation. 9 shown. All of these measures have the effect of slowing the solidification of the partially solidified strand (see the dashed line indicating the increase in temperature over time). In contrast, the solid line indicates the comparison with the prior art. As stated above, these measures result in the strand having a pronounced V-shape of the strand shell (see Fig. 11 right) in contrast to strands without pronounced V-shape of the strand shell (see Fig. 11 Left).
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum Stranggießen eines metallischen Strangs (1) in einer Stranggießmaschine. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bekannte Stranggießverfahren so zu verändern, dass die Ausbildung von Hohlräumen bzw. Rissen im Strang (1) verhindert wird. Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst, wobei der Strang (1) in der Tertiärkühlzone (5) durch eine Wärmeisolation (9) thermisch isoliert wird und ein Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U der Wärmeisolation (9) in Gießrichtung (G) zunehmend einstellt wird.The invention relates to a method and a plant for continuous casting of a metallic strand (1) in a continuous casting machine. The object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting so that the formation of voids or cracks in the strand (1) is prevented. This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1, wherein the strand (1) in the Tertiärkühlzone (5) by a thermal insulation (9) is thermally insulated and a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation (9) in the casting direction (G) is increasingly adjusted.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft das Stranggießen, vorzugsweise das semi-kontinuierliche Stranggießen, eines metallischen Strangs in einer Stranggießmaschine.The present invention relates to continuous casting, preferably semi-continuous, continuous casting of a metallic strand in a continuous casting machine.
Konkret betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen, vorzugsweise zum semi-kontinuierlichen Stranggießen, eines Strangs in einer Stranggießmaschine, wobei die Stranggießmaschine eine Kokille mit einer Primärkühlung, in Gießrichtung nachfolgend eine Strangführung mit mehreren, vorzugsweise an den Strang anstellbaren, Strangführungsrollen zum Führen und einer Sekundärkühlung zum Abkühlen des Strangs, und wiederum nachfolgend eine Tertiärkühlzone zum gesteuerten oder geregelten Abkühlen des Strangs aufweist, umfassend die Verfahrensschritte:
- Einführen eines Kaltstrangs in die Kokille;
- Halten des Kaltstrangs in der Kokille, wobei ein Kopf des Kaltstrangs die Kokille fluiddicht verschließt;
- Angießen der Stranggießmaschine, wobei Metallschmelze in die Kokille gegossen wird und sich in der Kokille ein Gießspiegel und ein teilerstarrter Strang ausbildet;
- Beginnen des Ausziehens des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille, wobei der Kaltstrang aus der Kokille ausgezogen wird;
- Stützen und Führen des teilerstarrten Strangs in der Strangführung, wobei der teilerstarrte Strang durch die Strangführungsrollen gestützt, geführt und durch Kühldüsen der Sekundärkühlung abgekühlt wird; und
- gesteuertes oder geregeltes Abkühlen des teilerstarrten Strangs bis zur Durcherstarrung des Strangs in der Tertiärkühlzone.
- Introducing a cold strand into the mold;
- Holding the cold strand in the mold, wherein a head of the cold strand fluid-tightly closes the mold;
- Casting the continuous casting machine, wherein molten metal is poured into the mold and forms in the mold a casting mirror and a partially solidified strand;
- Beginning to pull the cold strand out of the mold, pulling the cold strand out of the mold;
- Supporting and guiding the semi-solid strand in the strand guide, wherein the semi-solid strand is supported by the strand guide rollers, guided and cooled by cooling nozzles of the secondary cooling; and
- Controlled or controlled cooling of the partially solidified strand until the solidification of the strand in the tertiary cooling zone.
Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Stranggießmaschine zum Stranggießen, vorzugsweise zum semi-kontinuierlichen Stranggießen, eines metallischen Strangs, wobei die Stranggießmaschine
- eine Kokille mit einer Primärkühlung,
- in Gießrichtung nachfolgend eine Strangführung mit mehreren, vorzugsweise an den Strang anstellbaren, Strangführungsrollen zum Führen und Stützen des Strangs, sowie eine Sekundärkühlung zum Abkühlen des Strangs, und
- wiederum nachfolgend eine Tertiärkühlzone zum gesteuerten oder geregelten Abkühlen des Strangs aufweist.
- a mold with a primary cooling,
- in the casting direction below a strand guide with several, preferably engageable with the strand, strand guide rollers for guiding and supporting the strand, and a secondary cooling to cool the strand, and
- in turn subsequently has a Tertiärkühlzone for controlled or controlled cooling of the strand.
Das gattungsgemäße Verfahren sowie eine geeignete Anlage sind aus der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bekannte Stranggießverfahren so zu verändern, dass Hohlräume bzw. Risse im Strang noch konsequenter verhindert werden. Dadurch soll die Innenqualität des vergossenen Strangs weiter verbessert werden.The object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting processes so that cavities or cracks in the strand are prevented even more consistently. This should further improve the internal quality of the cast strand.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgabe wird durch den Gegenstand von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The output according to the invention is solved by the subject matter of
Konkret erfolgt die Lösung durch ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren, wobei der Strang in der Tertiärkühlzone durch eine Wärmeisolation thermisch isoliert wird und ein Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U der Wärmeisolation in Gießrichtung zunehmend eingestellt wird. Dabei kann die Wärmeisolation entweder statisch voreingestellt werden oder dynamisch während des Gießens bzw. Erstarrens eingestellt werden.Specifically, the solution is carried out by a generic method, wherein the strand is thermally insulated in the Tertiärkühlzone by a thermal insulation and a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation in the casting direction is increasingly adjusted. The heat insulation can either be preset statically or set dynamically during casting or solidification.
Durch diese Maßnahme wird ein Strang, typischerweise ein Stahlstrang oder ein Strang aus einer sog. Superlegierung (siehe https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlegierung, z.B. einer Nickelbasislegierung), mit einer ausgeprägten V-förmigen Ausbildung der Strangschalen erzeugt. Mit anderen Worten bildet sich in der Tertiärkühlzone ein Strang aus, dessen Strangschale am Stranganfang wesentlich dicker ist als am Strangende. Dadurch kann flüssige Stahlschmelze etwaige durch die Erstarrung bedingte Hohlräume unmittelbar wieder auffüllen, wodurch die Innenqualität des Strangs verbessert wird.By this measure, a strand, typically a steel strand or a strand of a so-called superalloy (see https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlegierung, for example, a nickel-based alloy), produced with a pronounced V-shaped configuration of the strand shells. In other words, forms in the Tertiärkühlzone a strand whose strand shell is much thicker at the beginning of the strand than at the strand end. As a result, liquid molten steel can directly fill up any voids caused by the solidification, which improves the internal quality of the strand.
Eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Erreichung eines Wärmedurchgangskoeffizientens U der Wärmeisolation, welcher in Gießrichtung zunimmt, besteht darin, eine Dicke der U der Wärmeisolation in Gießrichtung abnehmend zu gestalten.A simple way to achieve a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation, which increases in the casting direction, is to make a thickness of the U of the heat insulation in the casting direction decreasing.
Ein in Gießrichtung zunehmender Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten U der Wärmeisolation kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass ein Abdeckungsgrad der Wärmeisolation der Oberfläche des Strangs in Gießrichtung abnehmend eingestellt wird. Dies kann z.B. durch Isolationspanele erfolgen, deren Abdeckungsgrad statisch voreingestellt oder dynamisch während des Gießens verstellt wird.A heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation which increases in the casting direction can also be achieved by decreasing the degree of coverage of the heat insulation of the surface of the strand in the casting direction. This can e.g. be done by insulation panels whose degree of coverage is preset statically or dynamically adjusted during casting.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Tertiärkühlzone mehrere dynamisch während des Betriebs verstellbare Isolierpanele umfasst, wobei ein Öffnungswinkel eines Isolierpanels gegenüber der Vertikalen in Gießrichtung zunehmend eingestellt wird.Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous if the tertiary cooling zone comprises a plurality of dynamically adjustable during operation Isolierpanele, wherein an opening angle an insulating panel relative to the vertical in the casting direction is increasingly adjusted.
Zur Erzielung einer ausgeprägten V-förmigen Strangschale ist es günstig, wenn nach dem Beginnen des Ausziehens die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille erhöht wird. Somit wird der Stranganfang langsamer aus der Kokille ausgezogen als das Strangende, wodurch der Stranganfang wesentlich dicker als das Strangende ist.In order to obtain a pronounced V-shaped strand shell, it is favorable if, after the start of the extraction, the withdrawal speed v of the cold strand from the mold is increased. Thus, the Stranganfang is pulled out of the mold slower than the Stranggende, whereby the Stranganfang is much thicker than the strand end.
Hierbei ist es günstig, wenn das Erhöhen der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v in Abhängigkeit der Zeit t oder der Stranglänge s erfolgt. Somit wird der Stranganfang langsamer als das Strangende aus der Kokille ausgezogen, sodass das Strangende eine dünnere Strangschale aufweist.In this case, it is favorable if the raising of the pull-out speed v takes place as a function of the time t or the strand length s. Thus, the strand beginning is pulled out more slowly than the strand end of the mold, so that the strand end has a thinner strand shell.
Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn das Erhöhen stückweise stetig, bevorzugt zumindest einmal stetig differenzierbar, erfolgt. Dadurch werden Stöße in der Stranggießmaschine verhindert.It is particularly preferred if the increase is piecewise continuous, preferably continuously differentiable at least once. As a result, shocks are prevented in the continuous casting machine.
Zur Erzielung einer ausgeprägten V-förmigen Strangschale ist es weiters günstig, wenn die Intensität der Sekundärkühlung über der Zeit oder der Stranglänge abnehmend eingestellt wird.To achieve a pronounced V-shaped strand shell, it is further favorable if the intensity of the secondary cooling over the time or the strand length is set decreasing.
Dies kann dadurch erfolgen, dass ein Druck p und/oder eine Durchflussrate Q eines durch eine Kühldüse auf den Strang ausgebrachten Kühlmittels über der Zeit oder der Stranglänge abnehmend eingestellt wird.This can be done by adjusting a pressure p and / or a flow rate Q of a coolant introduced onto the strand by a cooling nozzle over time or the strand length decreasing.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn ein thermisches Rechenmodell während des Stranggießens in Abhängigkeit
- einer chemischen Zusammensetzung der Metallschmelze,
- der Primärkühlung in der Kokille,
- der Sekundärkühlung des Strangs in der Strangführung,
- optional einer Auszugsgeschwindigkeit des Strangs aus der Kokille,
- a chemical composition of the molten metal,
- the primary cooling in the mold,
- the secondary cooling of the strand in the strand guide,
- optionally an extraction speed of the strand from the mold,
Die Berechnung des Ist-Temperaturfelds ist z.B. aus der
Zusätzlich zur Veränderung der Wärmeisolation während des Gießprozesses ist es vorteilhaft, eine Intensität der Sekundärkühlung in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, einzustellen.In addition to changing the heat insulation during the casting process, it is advantageous to set an intensity of the secondary cooling as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Innenqualität des Strangs kann erreicht werden, wenn die Stranggießmaschine einen in Gießrichtung verfahrbaren Strangrührer umfasst, wobei der Strangrührer während des Ausziehens und nach dem Beenden des Ausziehens des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille den Bereich der Sumpfspitze des Strangs elektromagnetisch rührt.A further improvement in the internal quality of the strand can be achieved if the continuous casting machine comprises a strand-movable in the casting direction, the strand agitator during the extraction and after completing the extraction of the cold strand from the mold, the region of the sump tip of the strand is electromagnetically stirred.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird ebenfalls durch eine Stranggießanlage nach Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The object of the invention is also achieved by a continuous casting plant according to
Konkret erfolgt die Lösung durch eine gattungsgemäße Stranggießmaschine, die eine Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung zur Steuerung oder Regelung eines Wärmedurchgangskoeffizientens U der Wärmeisolation in der Tertiärkühlzone aufweist.Specifically, the solution is carried out by a generic continuous casting machine, which has a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation in the Tertiärkühlzone.
Hierbei ist es günstig, wenn die Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung eine zeit- oder stranglängenabhängige Steuerung oder Regelung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizientens U realisiert.It is advantageous if the control or regulating device realizes a time or length-dependent control or regulation of the heat transfer coefficient U.
Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung ein thermisches Rechenmodell umfasst, das geeignet ist während des Stranggießens in Abhängigkeit
- einer chemischen Zusammensetzung der Metallschmelze,
- der Primärkühlung in der Kokille,
- der Sekundärkühlung des Strangs,
- optional einer Auszugsgeschwindigkeit des Strangs aus der Kokille,
- a chemical composition of the molten metal,
- the primary cooling in the mold,
- the secondary cooling of the strand,
- optionally an extraction speed of the strand from the mold,
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn eine Auszugsgeschwindigkeit des Strangs aus der Kokille und/oder eine Intensität der Sekundärkühlung in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, eingestellt werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if an extraction speed of the strand from the mold and / or an intensity of the secondary cooling can be set as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung nicht einschränkender Ausführungsbeispiele. Die nachfolgenden schematisch dargestellten Figuren zeigen:
-
Fig 1a bis 1h die Verfahrensschritte bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens, -
Fig 2a ein stranggegossener Strang nach dem Stand der Technik, -
Fig 2b ein stranggegossener Strang, der gemäß der Erfindung hergestellt wurde, -
Fig 3a ein Verlauf einer Ausziehgeschwindigkeit eines Strangs aus einer Kokille über der Zeit t, -
Fig 3b ein Verlauf einer Ausziehgeschwindigkeit eines Strangs aus einer Kokille über der Stranglänge s, -
Fig 4a ein Verlauf einer Durchflussrate Q eines Kühlmittels durch eine Kühldüse über der Zeit t, -
Fig 4b ein Verlauf einer Durchflussrate Q eines Kühlmittels durch eine Kühldüse über der Stranglänge s, -
Fig 5 eine Darstellung einer auf einen Strang akkumulierten Kühlmittelmenge, -
Fig 6 eine Darstellung einer variablen Isolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone, -
Fig 7a eine Darstellung einer variablen Wärmeisolation in der Tertiärkühlzone durch verschwenkbare Isolierklappen, -
Fig 7b eine Darstellung einer variablen Wärmeisolation in der Tertiärkühlzone durch verschiebbare Isolierklappen, -
Fig 8a eine Darstellung einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Auszugsgeschwindigkeit v, -
Fig 8b eine Darstellung einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung, -
Fig 8c eine Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Wärmeisolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone, -
Fig 9a bis 9e eine Darstellung von Verfahrensschritten auf einer alternativen Stranggießmaschine zu denFig 1a ...1h , -
Fig 10 eine Darstellung einer Kopfisolierung, und -
Fig 11 eine Darstellung der Position der Sumpfspitze im Strang über der Zeit gemäß dem Stand der Technik und der Erfindung.
-
Fig 1a to 1h the process steps in carrying out the process, -
Fig. 2a a continuous casting strand according to the prior art, -
Fig. 2b a continuously cast strand made according to the invention, -
Fig. 3a a course of a withdrawal speed of a strand from a mold over the time t, -
Fig. 3b a course of a withdrawal speed of a strand from a mold over the strand length s, -
Fig. 4a a profile of a flow rate Q of a coolant through a cooling nozzle over the time t, -
4b a profile of a flow rate Q of a coolant through a cooling nozzle over the strand length s, -
Fig. 5 a representation of an accumulated on a strand coolant amount, -
Fig. 6 a representation of a variable insulation in the tertiary cooling zone, -
Fig. 7a a representation of a variable heat insulation in the tertiary cooling zone by means of pivotable insulating flaps, -
Fig. 7b a representation of a variable heat insulation in the tertiary cooling zone by sliding insulating flaps, -
Fig. 8a a representation of a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control and regulating device for adjusting the pull-out speed v, -
Fig. 8b a representation of a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control and regulating device for adjusting the intensity of the secondary cooling, -
Fig. 8c a representation of a continuous casting machine according to the invention with a control and regulating device for adjusting the thermal insulation in the Tertiärkühlzone, -
9a to 9e a representation of process steps on an alternative continuous casting machine to theFig. 1a ...1h . -
FIG. 10 a representation of a head insulation, and -
Fig. 11 a representation of the position of the sump tip in the strand over time according to the prior art and the invention.
In den
In
In
In
In
Nachdem die Zufuhr von Stahlschmelze gestoppt wurde, sinkt der Gießspiegel G in der Kokille 2 ab (siehe
Die
In den
Die
Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt
Wie oben angeführt, zeigt die
Die
In beiden Fällen wird durch die Erhöhung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v nicht nur die Innenqualität des Strangs 1 erhöht, sondern auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Stranggießverfahrens verbessert, da mehr Stränge innerhalb derselben Zeit vergossen werden können.In both cases, increasing the extraction speed v not only increases the internal quality of the
Die Innenqualität des Strangs kann außerdem auch durch eine Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 in Abhängigkeit der Zeit oder der Stranglänge s (siehe
Für den Fall, dass die Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 zusätzlich zur Änderung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v erfolgt, ist die Beschreibung der
Für den Fall, dass die Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 anstelle der Änderung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v erfolgt, ist die Beschreibung der
In
In
In
Die
In
Die
Die
In den
In
In
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.While the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
- 11
- Strangstrand
- 1a1a
- Stranganfangtrain early
- 1b1b
- teilerstarrter Strangpartially solid strand
- 1c1c
- Strangendestrand end
- 22
- Kokillemold
- 2a2a
- Primärkühlungprimary cooling
- 33
- Strangführungstrand guide
- 3a3a
- StrangführungsrollenStrand guide rolls
- 44
- Sekundärkühlung, SekundärkühlzoneSecondary cooling, secondary cooling zone
- 4a4a
- Kühldüsecooling nozzle
- 55
- Tertiärkühlung, TertiärkühlzoneTertiary cooling, tertiary cooling zone
- 66
- Kaltstrangdummy bar
- 77
- Rechenmodellcomputer model
- 88th
- Sumpfspitzecrater tip
- 99
- Wärmeisolationthermal insulation
- 9a9a
- Isolationspanelinsulation panel
- 1010
- Steuer- oder RegeleinrichtungControl or regulating device
- 1111
- Strangschalestrand shell
- 1212
- flüssiger Bereich des Strangsliquid area of the strand
- 1313
- KopfheizungHeating head
- 1414
- StrangrührerStrangrührer
- 1515
- chemische Zusammensetzungchemical composition
- 1616
- Motorengine
- 1717
- Strahlungsbereichradiation range
- 1818
- Kopfisolierunghead insulation
- 1919
- exothermes Pulverexothermic powder
- GG
- Gießrichtungcasting
- LL
- Stranglängestrand length
- MM
- Gießspiegelmeniscus
- DurchflussrateFlow rate
- SS
- Stranglängestrand length
- tt
- ZeitTime
- UU
- WärmedurchgangskoeffizientHeat transfer coefficient
- vv
- Ausziehgeschwindigkeit, GießgeschwindigkeitExtraction speed, casting speed
Claims (15)
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EP17184963.1A EP3437756B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Continuous casting of a metallic strand |
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Cited By (1)
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