EP3436686B1 - Zündvorrichtung zum zünden eines luft-kraftstoffgemisches in einem brennraum - Google Patents

Zündvorrichtung zum zünden eines luft-kraftstoffgemisches in einem brennraum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3436686B1
EP3436686B1 EP17715623.9A EP17715623A EP3436686B1 EP 3436686 B1 EP3436686 B1 EP 3436686B1 EP 17715623 A EP17715623 A EP 17715623A EP 3436686 B1 EP3436686 B1 EP 3436686B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
voltage source
output
ignition device
spark plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17715623.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3436686A1 (de
Inventor
Gunnar Armbrecht
Martin Fuchs
Michael Wollitzer
Marcel VAN DELDEN
Thomas Musch
Sven GRÖGER
Andre Bergner
Gordon NOTZON
Peter Awakowicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3436686A1 publication Critical patent/EP3436686A1/de
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Publication of EP3436686B1 publication Critical patent/EP3436686B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P11/00—Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
    • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
    • F02P3/0407—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
    • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
    • F02P3/055—Layout of circuits with protective means to prevent damage to the circuit, e.g. semiconductor devices or the ignition coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
    • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/10—Drives of distributors or of circuit-makers or -breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ignition device for igniting an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber, in particular an internal combustion engine, with a spark plug.
  • a corresponding high-frequency plasma ignition device comprises a series resonant circuit with an inductance and a capacitance, and a high-frequency source for the resonant excitation of this series resonant circuit.
  • the capacitance is represented by inner and outer conductor electrodes with a dielectric in between. The extreme ends of these electrodes extend into the combustion chamber at a predetermined mutual distance.
  • a method for ignition in which a spark plasma is generated by means of a high-voltage pulse, which is then further heated by means of an HF field and thereby transitions into a glow discharge.
  • the high-voltage pulse and an output signal of an HF generator are fed together to a spark electrode of a spark plug.
  • a counter electrode of the spark plug is grounded.
  • the spark plug is a coaxial structure and essentially consists of a central electrode surrounded by an insulator and an outer electrode which is connected to the spark plug housing.
  • the ignition coil supplies the spark plug with a high voltage pulse or high DC voltage pulse. A spark is created between the electrodes that initiates combustion.
  • An alternative method in which, in addition to the high voltage applied to the ignition coil, a high-frequency voltage is applied to the spark plug, is in US Pat DE 10 2013 215 663 A1 A 1 described. The spark plasma is transformed into an HF plasma.
  • the DE 11 2014 002666 T5 discloses a spark plug with two electrodes, a high voltage source and a high frequency voltage source.
  • the two voltage sources share the same input and the same ground connection.
  • the JP 2011 134636 describes a spark plug with three electrodes. A first electrode is connected to a high voltage source, a second electrode is connected to a high frequency voltage source and a third electrode serves as a ground connection.
  • the spark plasma burns between two electrodes, an active "driven” electrode (also called a high-voltage electrode) and a passive electrode (also called a ground electrode), their potential on the ground (0 V) of the engine block and the complete body of one Automobile lies.
  • the ground electrode can also be designed as a multiple electrode.
  • the plasma is no longer heated.
  • reactive species such as atomic oxygen
  • the combustion takes place on considerably longer time scales, but lives from the previously generated atomic oxygen density.
  • the object of the invention is to improve an ignition device with regard to the possibilities of influencing the parameters of the plasma between the electrodes of the spark plug.
  • an ignition device with a spark plug that has exactly two electrodes, namely a first electrode and a second electrode, it is provided that the output of the high-frequency voltage source is electrically connected to the second electrode via a second electrical line path such that the high-frequency AC voltage is present at the second electrode.
  • a particularly simple and functionally reliable ignition device is achieved in that the high voltage source is designed as an ignition coil.
  • Protection of the high-frequency voltage source against overvoltage is achieved by electrically inserting a protective circuit in the second line path between the second electrode of the spark plug and the output of the high-frequency voltage source, which blocks the high-voltage pulse from breaking through from the high-voltage source to the output of the high-frequency voltage source.
  • Frequency-selective transmission for example of only one desired frequency band, from the high-frequency voltage source to the second electrode of the spark plug is achieved by a separating element in the form of a frequency-selective filter, in particular, in the second electrical conduction path between the second electrode of the spark plug and the output of the high-frequency voltage source in the form of a bandpass filter, is electrically looped in.
  • Protection of the isolating element from overvoltage is also achieved in that the isolating element between the protective circuit and the output of the high-frequency voltage source is looped into the second electrical line path.
  • the separating element between the protective circuit and the second electrode is looped into the second electrical line path.
  • An improved transmission of the high voltage from the high voltage source to the spark plug is achieved in that a protective circuit which represents a ground reference for the HF is electrically inserted in the first electrical line path between the output of the high voltage source and the first electrode of the spark plug.
  • a clear separation of the two active electrodes is achieved in that only the high-voltage pulse is applied to the first electrode and that only the high-frequency AC voltage is applied to the second electrode.
  • the illustrated preferred embodiment of an ignition device 10 has a spark plug 12, a high-voltage source or high-DC voltage source 14 and a high-frequency voltage source 16.
  • the spark plug 12 has a first electrode 18 (high-voltage electrode) and a second electrode 20 (high-frequency electrode).
  • the electrodes 18, 20 project into a combustion chamber, not shown, for example in a working cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in which a fuel-air mixture is to be ignited.
  • the high-voltage source 14 is designed as an ignition coil and generates a high-voltage pulse or high-DC voltage pulse (DC), which is present at an output 22 of the high-voltage source 14.
  • DC high-voltage pulse
  • high-voltage electrical pulse here denotes a high-voltage electrical voltage pulse of a few kV, such as 3 kV to 30 kV or 8 kV to 12 kV.
  • the output 22 of the high-voltage source 14 is electrically connected to the first electrode 18 via a first electrical conduction path 24 such that the high-voltage pulse comes off the high voltage source 14 of the first electrode 18 of the spark plug 12 is supplied.
  • the electrical high-voltage pulse is only applied to the first electrode (18).
  • the high-frequency voltage source 16 generates a high-frequency AC voltage, which is present at an output 26 of the high-frequency voltage source 16.
  • the output 26 of the high-frequency voltage source 16 is electrically connected to the second electrode 20 of the spark plug 12 via a second electrical conduction path 28 such that the high-frequency alternating voltage from the high-frequency voltage source 16 is supplied to the second electrode 20 of the spark plug 12.
  • the high-frequency voltage source 16 is also electrically connected to an electrical ground potential 40.
  • the high-frequency AC voltage is only applied to the second electrode (20).
  • a protective circuit 30 is electrically looped into the second electrical line path 28.
  • This protective circuit 30 is designed such that it prevents the high-voltage pulse from the high-voltage source 14 from passing through the second electrical line path 28 to the output 26 of the high-frequency voltage source 16 and the high-frequency AC voltage from the high-frequency voltage source 16 in the direction of the second electrode 20 Spark plug 12 forwards. In this way, the high-frequency voltage source 16 is protected against overvoltage.
  • a separating element 32 is electrically looped in between the protective circuit 30 and the output 26 of the high-frequency voltage source 16 in the second electrical line path 28.
  • This separating element 32 is designed as a frequency-selective filter, for example as a bandpass filter with a constant or variable capacitance 34 and a constant or variable inductance 36.
  • This bandpass filter only allows a predetermined frequency band to pass from the high-frequency voltage source 16 via the second electrical conduction path 28 in the direction of the second electrode 20.
  • the ignition device according to the invention is designed as a high-frequency plasma ignition system and contains two active electrodes in the spark plug 12, the high-voltage electrode as the first electrode 18 and the high-frequency electrode as the second electrode 20.
  • a ground electrode as in conventional ignition systems, is not present.
  • the ignition coil 14 generates a high voltage pulse or high DC voltage pulse (DC) which, when a breakdown voltage is reached between the high voltage electrode 18 and the high frequency electrode 20 of the spark plug 12, causes an initial plasma to burn in the space around the two electrodes 18, 20 (arrow 42).
  • DC high DC voltage pulse
  • This plasma is further supplied with energy by the subsequent supply of the high-frequency AC voltage from the high-frequency voltage source 16 (arrow 44) and is thus maintained for a certain time, so that the plasma is present longer than it is by the high-voltage pulse from the high-voltage source 14 would be the case.
  • a plasma contains, among other things, electrons, ions, excited particles and neutral particles.
  • the free charge carriers (electrons and ions) form a conductive plasma channel between the high-voltage electrode 18 and the high-frequency electrode 20 of the spark plug 12.
  • the free charge carriers created by the plasma are used for the current transport of the high-frequency plasma between the high-frequency electrode 20 and the high-voltage electrode 18.
  • the significantly increased amount of atomic oxygen ensures more effective combustion and allows, among other things, the safe ignition of lean fuel-air mixtures in the combustion chamber or an increased engine output with constant fuel consumption.
  • the protective circuit 30 is provided between the high-frequency electrode 20 and the high-frequency voltage source 16.
  • a big advantage of this ignition system is that the plasma is directly between the two active electrodes 18, 20 burns. The high-frequency voltage source is safely taken over in order to continue to actively couple energy into the plasma after the initial spark from the high-voltage pulse from the high-voltage source 14, since the initial spark in any case generates free charge carriers between the electrodes.
  • the protective circuit 30 includes, for example, a gas-filled surge arrester, which has an insulating effect, as long as the voltage remains below a predetermined value of, for example, approximately 450 V.
  • the gas-filled surge arrester does not interfere due to its small capacity of only about 2 pF. If the ignition voltage of the gas-filled surge arrester is exceeded, the resistance drops to very low values within microseconds, whereby current peaks of up to 100 kA, for example, can be derived.
  • the demands on the dielectric strength of the separating element 32 are drastically reduced.
  • the load on the high-voltage source 14 in the form of the ignition coil is considerably reduced by this step and the generation of the high voltage is significantly simplified.
  • the generation of sufficiently high voltage pulses for safe ignition is an ever growing challenge.
  • there are more degrees of freedom in the selection of the reactive components of the separating element since it is no longer necessary to pay attention to the lowest possible capacitive load on the ignition coil.
  • the capacities of the isolating element can be increased and the inductivities reduced, which simplifies the implementation of the isolating element.
  • Fig. 2 are functionally identical parts with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 referred to, so that to explain them to the above description of Fig. 1 is referred.
  • the protection circuit 30 between the Separating element 32 and the output 26 of the high-frequency voltage source 16 are looped into the second electrical conduction path 28.
  • the protective circuit 30 and / or the isolating element 32 additionally has an electrical connection to the ground potential 40, as with dashed lines in FIG Fig. 1 and 2nd shown.
  • a protective circuit 31 with an electrical connection to ground potential 40 is electrically looped into the first electrical line path 24 between the output 22 of the high-voltage source 14 and the first electrode 18.
  • This protection circuit 31 is in the Fig. 1 and 2nd accordingly indicated by dashed lines.
  • the protective circuit is intended to be a reference to the HF and not to block the high voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP17715623.9A 2016-03-29 2017-03-23 Zündvorrichtung zum zünden eines luft-kraftstoffgemisches in einem brennraum Active EP3436686B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016003793.8A DE102016003793A1 (de) 2016-03-29 2016-03-29 Zündvorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoffgemisches in einem Brennraum
PCT/EP2017/000363 WO2017167438A1 (de) 2016-03-29 2017-03-23 Zündvorrichtung zum zünden eines luft-kraftstoffgemisches in einem brennraum

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3436686A1 EP3436686A1 (de) 2019-02-06
EP3436686B1 true EP3436686B1 (de) 2020-07-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17715623.9A Active EP3436686B1 (de) 2016-03-29 2017-03-23 Zündvorrichtung zum zünden eines luft-kraftstoffgemisches in einem brennraum

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10982641B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3436686B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2019511670A (ja)
KR (1) KR20180124908A (ja)
CN (1) CN109312707B (ja)
DE (1) DE102016003793A1 (ja)
TW (1) TW201734304A (ja)
WO (1) WO2017167438A1 (ja)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110500222A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2019-11-26 韦伟平 一种稀薄燃烧发动机的高频谐振点火电路及其工作、控制方法
CN114109692B (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-09-27 山东大学 一种快脉冲多点放电系统及发动机燃烧控制方法

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JPS5328568B1 (ja) * 1971-03-06 1978-08-15
JPS5152653Y2 (ja) * 1971-09-02 1976-12-16
US3934566A (en) * 1974-08-12 1976-01-27 Ward Michael A V Combustion in an internal combustion engine
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US4369756A (en) * 1980-01-11 1983-01-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Plasma jet ignition system for internal combustion engine
DE3145169A1 (de) * 1981-11-13 1983-05-26 Marcel 68390 Sausheim-Battenheim Blanchard "anordnung zur erzielung von hochspannung"
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DE19723784C1 (de) * 1997-06-06 1998-08-20 Daimler Benz Ag Schaltungsanordnung für die Zündung einer Brennkraftmaschine
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JP2008082286A (ja) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-10 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc 内燃機関及びその点火装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109312707A (zh) 2019-02-05
US10982641B2 (en) 2021-04-20
JP2019511670A (ja) 2019-04-25
WO2017167438A1 (de) 2017-10-05
TW201734304A (zh) 2017-10-01
CN109312707B (zh) 2019-11-26
EP3436686A1 (de) 2019-02-06
DE102016003793A1 (de) 2017-10-05
US20200011283A1 (en) 2020-01-09
KR20180124908A (ko) 2018-11-21

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