EP3433396B1 - Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren mit beschichtung - Google Patents

Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren mit beschichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3433396B1
EP3433396B1 EP17711607.6A EP17711607A EP3433396B1 EP 3433396 B1 EP3433396 B1 EP 3433396B1 EP 17711607 A EP17711607 A EP 17711607A EP 3433396 B1 EP3433396 B1 EP 3433396B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
coating
ceramic high
temperature
temperature coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17711607.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3433396A1 (de
Inventor
Carsten Strübbe
Guido Bayard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH
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Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH filed Critical Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH
Priority to PL17711607T priority Critical patent/PL3433396T3/pl
Publication of EP3433396A1 publication Critical patent/EP3433396A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/046—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cooled valves for internal combustion engines. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for coating a valve head of a sodium-cooled intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine, which is provided with an outer coating in order to reduce or influence heat transfer to the valve.
  • the outer coating can further help to reduce corrosion and deposits of combustion residues on the valve or the valve head.
  • a method for coating a valve head of an intake and / or exhaust valve comprises preparing the surfaces of the valve to be coated for a coating and coating the valve head with a ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is applied as a lacquer to the prepared areas of the valve, at least in the head area, and cured.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is not a vapor deposition, a nitriding or a plasma deposition process.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is applied as a varnish by spraying, brushing or dipping or by overflowing on the valve head or on parts of the valve head. It is also envisaged to use a so-called "spin coating” or “spin coating” in order to apply the ceramic high-temperature coating to the valve head or to parts of the valve head. After application, the coating in the head area is cured.
  • the preparation of the surfaces of the valve to be coated comprises sandblasting / shot peening, cleaning and / or etching or etching of the surfaces to be coated.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating has a temperature resistance between 950 ° C. and 1100 ° C., preferably between 970 ° C. and 1050 ° C., and more preferably between 990 ° C. and 1020 ° C.
  • the coating must be able to withstand the temperatures of the combustion gases, taking into account that the valve itself is cooled and the high temperature load on one side of the coating and on the other side is absorbed by the cooled valve.
  • the high temperature coating is also cooled by the cooled valve and can therefore also withstand exhaust gas temperatures which are above the strength temperatures of the coating. This enables the High temperature coating can also be used for exhaust temperatures above the temperature resistance of the coating, since the cooled valve surface keeps the temperature of the coating below the strength temperature.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is an air-drying ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the method comprises the step of air drying the ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is an oven-drying ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the method comprises the step of oven drying the high-temperature ceramic coating.
  • the hardened ceramic high-temperature coating has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 15 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the method comprises the application of a lacquer layer with a thickness which, after hardening, gives the above-mentioned thicknesses of the hardened lacquer layer.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is carried out as a multi-layer coating which comprises at least one primer and at least one topcoat.
  • the method therefore comprises at least twice the steps of applying a ceramic high-temperature coating, first as applying a primer and curing the primer and then applying a ceramic high-temperature coating as a topcoat.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is designed as a multi-layer coating which comprises at least one primer and at least one top coat.
  • the method comprises at least coating the valve head with a primer and one then coat the primer with at least one top coat. It can also be provided that the already applied primer is processed before the topcoat is applied in order to achieve a desired thickness of the primer or a desired surface roughness of a surface of the primer. It can also be provided that the topcoat is applied before the primer is completely cured by drying or oven drying.
  • valve seat of the valve is provided with a DLC coating.
  • the valve seat is the part of the valve head which, when the valve is closed, bears against the valve seat ring in the cylinder head and thus seals the combustion chamber against an inlet duct or an outlet duct in the cylinder head.
  • valve seat is used here only in connection with an essentially conical surface on the valve plate or valve head, if reference is made to the associated surface on the cylinder head, the expression “valve seat ring" is used.
  • this further comprises coating a valve head of the valve with the ceramic high-temperature coating with the exception of the valve seat.
  • the valve seat of the valve head can have been coated beforehand with a DLC layer, it also being possible to later apply this to an uncoated part of a DLC layer. It can also be provided that the valve head is completely coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating and then removed in the region of the valve seat. With this version it is also possible to apply a DLC layer beforehand in the area of the valve seat.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating can serve as an insulation layer, which additionally reduce heat transfer from the combustion chamber via the plate surface and, in the case of an exhaust valve, from combustion gases via the valve head to the valve.
  • the cooling performance of the valve via the valve stem on the cooled cylinder head is not affected by the ceramic high-temperature coating, since the valve stem is not coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • By a lesser Heat input and an unchanged heat output can reduce the overall temperature of the valve during operation.
  • intake valves it will be sufficient to coat only the surface of the valve plate on the combustion chamber side, since the intake air or the intake mixture is at a low temperature, and thus the rear of the valve can be used to cool the valve head.
  • a coating of the valve head on the side facing away from the combustion chamber would only lead to an increase in the valve temperature here.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is applied only to the underside of a valve plate in the method.
  • This method is particularly suitable for intake valves or intake valves of an engine.
  • only the valve head, but not the underside of a valve plate, is coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the exhaust duct can have a higher temperature than the combustion chamber, since it is cooled at least during the intake stroke by the inflowing fresh air or by the inflowing mixture.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is also applied to the valve stem or only to the valve stem.
  • an inlet or outlet valve that was produced according to one of the methods described above, wherein a valve head of the valve is coated with a ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is applied to a prepared surface on the valve head that has a certain roughness.
  • the surface that is coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating was pretreated by sand / shot peening, cleaning and / or etching or etching of the surfaces to be coated and therefore has a particularly good adhesion of the ceramic high-temperature coating on the Valve head open. At least part of the valve head is coated.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating of the valve can have a temperature resistance between 950 ° C and 1100 ° C, preferably between 970 ° C and 1050 ° C, and more preferably between 990 ° C and 1020 ° C.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is an air-dried ceramic high-temperature coating. This allows easy drying without additional energy expenditure.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is an oven-dried ceramic high-temperature coating.
  • An oven-dried ceramic high-temperature coating can have a higher strength because the drying process can be better controlled.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably of 15 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and more preferably of 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the relatively thin ceramic high-temperature coating should on the one hand represent an insulation layer in order to reduce the heat transfer on the metal body of the valve, but the insulation effect should not be so pronounced that a surface temperature of the ceramic high-temperature coating can exceed a strength temperature during operation which destroys the ceramic high-temperature coating. Only the thermal resistance should be increased, but not to the extent that the surface of the ceramic high-temperature coating can be destroyed by excessive heating by the combustion gases.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is designed as a multi-layer coating which comprises at least one primer and at least one top coat.
  • a multi-layer coating can allow better control of the overall properties of the coating.
  • the primer can serve as an adhesion promoter.
  • the primer can also have a slightly lower strength temperature because it is covered by the ceramic High temperature coating is protected and is applied to a cooled valve surface.
  • the valve is not coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating in the region of the valve seat and can also be armored in the region of the valve seat, provided with another coating or with a nitriding.
  • the entire valve head was coated with the ceramic high-temperature coating, the valve head being provided with a DLC layer in the region of the valve seat, and the ceramic high-temperature coating was removed in the region of the valve seat in a subsequent step.
  • the coating is both a protective layer and a thermal insulation that is intended to reduce the heat input into the valve. Due to the reduced heat input with constant cooling conditions via the valve stem, the overall temperature of the valve can be reduced compared to an uncoated valve
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is only applied to the underside of a valve plate.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is only applied to the back of the valve plate.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating is applied to the valve stem or only to the valve stem.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a conventional internally cooled valve 2.
  • a conventional internally cooled valve 2 comprises a valve stem 8 and a valve head 6.
  • the valve head 8 extends essentially to the valve stem 8, a portion of the length of a valve stroke between the valve stem 8 and the valve head can be provided.
  • the valve head 6 has a tapered part and the valve plate 10.
  • the valve plate 10 comprises the valve plate surface 16 directed towards a combustion chamber, the frustoconical valve seat 20 and the valve plate rear side 18, which is arranged in an intake duct or an exhaust duct.
  • the conventional internally cooled valve 2 has no coatings.
  • the inside of the conventional internally cooled valve 2 is provided with a cavity in which a coolant 14, usually sodium, is arranged.
  • the sodium transports heat from the valve head 6 to the valve stem 8, which is embedded in a cooled cylinder head.
  • the heat of the sodium is released via the valve stem 8 to the cooled cylinder head. Since the sodium or the coolant moves up and down, this is called "shaker cooling".
  • the valve stem 8 ends in a valve stem end 32, on which the valve is held by wedge pieces.
  • Valve parts subject to high temperatures are produced from austenitic materials or from materials based on nickel.
  • austenitic materials or from materials based on nickel.
  • hard chrome plating may no longer be used, since chromium (VI), which is produced during hard chrome plating due to the process, is a hazardous substance.
  • FIG 2 shows a partial sectional view of an internally cooled valve 4 according to the invention with a ceramic high-temperature coating 22, which is arranged on the entire valve head 6.
  • the valve head 6 is coated in particular on the valve plate surface 16, the valve seat 20 and the valve plate rear side 18 with a ceramic high-temperature coating 22.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 achieves an improvement in the temperature and corrosion resistance of the valves on the valve plate surface 16 and on the valve plate rear side 18 in the so-called fillet area.
  • the coating can improve the tribological properties (friction and wear) as well as the corrosion protection in the stem area of valves.
  • the use of the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 can serve as an alternative to the hard chrome plating of valves in the stem area.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 can be a Cerakote Ceramic coating from PBN (Powder Coating North GmbH), which enables a temperature stability of 650 ° C up to 1,100 ° C.
  • Cerakote Ceramic Coatings are temperature stable up to over 1,100 ° C and are characterized by a hard and abrasion-resistant surface. These coatings enable temperature stability up to over 1,100 ° C, excellent corrosion protection and excellent thermal insulation. This coating can also be applied to the valve head 6 and the valve stem 8.
  • Ceramic-based high-temperature lacquers as a liquid coating material can easily generate a thermal barrier layer or insulation and corrosion protection.
  • the paint can be applied after pretreatment of the valves to be coated by blasting, cleaning or etching, for example using a paint spray gun. It is also possible to immerse the valves in a paint.
  • the layer thickness should be between 10 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • the paint can be dried or baked in an oven at temperatures below 200 ° C or air-dried in up to 5 days.
  • the coating can make it possible to use inexpensive materials for the valve body instead of expensive substrate materials (e.g. nickel-based).
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 has a very high abrasion resistance, with detachable particles having a size in the micrometer range, so that no damage to turbochargers from detached particles must be expected.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 has a very high hardness and thus a very high scratch resistance.
  • the ceramic high temperature coating 22 is chemical resistant and can achieve a very high surface quality. No complex coating systems are required to apply the coating.
  • FIG 3 is a partially sectioned illustration of a valve 4 according to the invention with a ceramic high-temperature coating 22, which is arranged on the valve plate surface 16 and a valve plate rear side 18.
  • Figure 3 shows a valve 4, in which the shaft is designed as a full shaft 34.
  • the full stem being chosen here only to emphasize the coating more clearly.
  • the ceramic high temperature coating 22 is at Figure 3 applied both on the valve plate surface 16 and on the valve plate back 18.
  • the area of the valve seat 20 was not coated because the strength of the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 could not be able to cope with the strong alternating load on the valve seat 20.
  • the valve seat 20 can be armored, as in the case of conventional valves.
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial sectional view of an internally cooled valve 4 according to the invention, a valve seat 20 being provided with a DLC layer 30 and a ceramic high-temperature coating 22 being arranged on the valve plate surface and on the rear side of the valve plate.
  • DLC stands for Diamond Like Carbon, a coating with some properties of diamond.
  • the valve seat 20 is provided with the DLC layer. This version can withstand the higher loads, especially the loads on the valve seat, for longer.
  • Figure 5 shows a partial sectional view of an internally cooled valve 4, wherein a ceramic high-temperature coating 22 is only applied to the valve plate surface 16.
  • a ceramic high-temperature coating 22 is only applied to the valve plate surface 16.
  • Figure 6 shows a partial sectional view of an internally cooled valve 5, a ceramic high-temperature coating 22 being applied to the back of the valve plate 18.
  • the thermal load on the back of the valve plate is higher than that of the valve plate surface 16, since the valve plate surface 16 is cooled at least during the intake stroke by an inflowing mixture, while the exhaust duct is only in contact with the hot combustion gases.
  • FIG Figure 7 shows a partial sectional view of the internally cooled valve 4 of FIG Figure 4 , wherein a ceramic high temperature coating 22 is also applied to the valve stem. It is also possible to provide only the valve stem 8 with the ceramic high-temperature coating 22.
  • the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 mainly serves to reduce the abrasion compared to the valve guides, which is possible in particular in engines with low output.
  • the disadvantage of the insulating effect of the ceramic high-temperature coating 22 on the stem is not particularly pronounced, since the small diameter of the valve stem 8, compared to the relatively small volume to be cooled, results in an excellent surface-to-volume ratio, which in spite of an insulation layer only a slight deterioration in cooling can be expected.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
EP17711607.6A 2016-06-27 2017-03-14 Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren mit beschichtung Active EP3433396B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17711607T PL3433396T3 (pl) 2016-06-27 2017-03-14 Zawór dla silników spalinowych z powłoką

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016111755.2A DE102016111755B4 (de) 2016-06-27 2016-06-27 Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Ventilkopfes eines Ein- oder Auslass-Ventils sowie ein solches Ein- oder Auslassventil
PCT/EP2017/055930 WO2018001578A1 (de) 2016-06-27 2017-03-14 Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren mit beschichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3433396A1 EP3433396A1 (de) 2019-01-30
EP3433396B1 true EP3433396B1 (de) 2020-04-15

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ID=58358573

Family Applications (1)

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EP17711607.6A Active EP3433396B1 (de) 2016-06-27 2017-03-14 Ventil für verbrennungsmotoren mit beschichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11525376B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP3433396B1 (pl)
DE (1) DE102016111755B4 (pl)
PL (1) PL3433396T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2018001578A1 (pl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020105539B3 (de) * 2020-03-02 2021-05-20 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Verfahren zum Panzern eines Ventilsitzes eines Gaswechselventils für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Ventil

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB2568975A (en) * 2017-10-30 2019-06-05 Eaton Srl Poppet valve
CN119768233A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2025-04-04 康明斯有限公司 用于燃烧室部件的多组合物热管理涂层系统

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020105539B3 (de) * 2020-03-02 2021-05-20 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Verfahren zum Panzern eines Ventilsitzes eines Gaswechselventils für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Ventil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016111755B4 (de) 2018-05-24
DE102016111755A1 (de) 2017-12-28
US11525376B2 (en) 2022-12-13
EP3433396A1 (de) 2019-01-30
US20200318504A1 (en) 2020-10-08
PL3433396T3 (pl) 2020-07-27
WO2018001578A1 (de) 2018-01-04

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