EP3430633B1 - Kabel zum übertragen von elektrischen signalen - Google Patents

Kabel zum übertragen von elektrischen signalen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3430633B1
EP3430633B1 EP17711090.5A EP17711090A EP3430633B1 EP 3430633 B1 EP3430633 B1 EP 3430633B1 EP 17711090 A EP17711090 A EP 17711090A EP 3430633 B1 EP3430633 B1 EP 3430633B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
wires
line
dielectric
relative permittivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17711090.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3430633A1 (de
Inventor
Gunnar Armbrecht
Thomas Schmid
Stephan Kunz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3430633A1 publication Critical patent/EP3430633A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/005—Quad constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H01B11/08—Screens specially adapted for reducing cross-talk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable for transmitting electrical signals with an outer jacket made of an electrically insulating material and at least N lines n with N ⁇ 2 and N ⁇ N . which are arranged inside the outer jacket, each line n with n ⁇ [1, N ] having a total of M wires made of an electrically conductive material with M ⁇ 1 and M ⁇ N .
  • a cable for transmitting electrical signals contains wires made of a conductive material, each of which is surrounded by an electrical insulator for the purpose of mutual electrical insulation.
  • Electrical insulators have dielectric properties and essentially determine the propagation or conduction properties of the cable for electrical signals, which are essentially are electromagnetic waves.
  • An essential property of dielectric materials or a dielectric is their permittivity ⁇ .
  • the permittivity ⁇ (from lat. Permittere: allow, leave, let through), also called “dielectric conductivity” or “dielectric function”, indicates the permeability of a material to electric fields.
  • a permittivity is also assigned to the vacuum, since electric fields can also set in the vacuum or electromagnetic fields can spread.
  • star quad cable In order to reduce the crosstalk of electric signals from one line to another line within a cable, without this necessarily an additional shielding casing for each line in the cable has to be the present, the so-called star quad cable has been proposed (engl .: T Wisted / Star Q uad (TQ); German: stranded star quad cable (hereinafter also referred to as "star quad").
  • the star quad cable is like the STP cable (S hielded T Wisted P air; dt .: shielded twisted pair), and the UTP cable (U nshielded T Wisted P air; unshielded twisted pair) to the balanced copper cables.
  • star quad cable two lines, each with two wires, each made of an electrically conductive material, are combined to form one cable.
  • Each wire is surrounded by a dielectric and the four wires are stranded together in a cross shape, with opposite wires each forming a pair of wires in the cross-section of the star-quad cable, so that the star-quad cable has two wire pairs or lines.
  • the four wires stranded together are surrounded by a common protective sheath, which can include braid or foil shielding.
  • This mechanical structure determines the transmission parameters such as near and far crosstalk.
  • This type of cable is characterized above all by its small diameter and the resulting small bending radius.
  • a further advantage of star quad stranding is the higher packing density than with pair stranding.
  • the star quad cable essentially corresponds to the UTP and STP cable and can be classified accordingly: Star quad cables in unshielded design are referred to as twisted quad (UTQ).
  • UTQ twisted quad
  • one wire with a jacket made of insulating material arranged around it forms a conductor and two wires or conductors each form a line.
  • Two pairs of conductors or two lines are twisted together and then form two cross-stranded double conductors (one double conductor corresponds to one line).
  • Two in the cross section of the star quad Opposing conductors or wires form a pair, an electrical signal being transmitted on each pair.
  • the four conductors or wires in the cross section of the star quad are arranged at the corners of a square, the conductors or wires of a pair being arranged at diagonally opposite corners.
  • conductor pairs or wire pairs standing perpendicular to one another it is meant that, seen in the cross section of the cable, a first straight line which runs through the center points of the conductors or wires of a pair is perpendicular to a second straight line which passes through the center points of the The other pair's conductor or wires run.
  • pamphlet US 2010/307790 A1 relates to a cable with at least one pair of core conductors, each of which is formed from a conductor and a dielectric surrounding this conductor.
  • the surrounding dielectric is formed in two parts with an inner dielectric and an outer dielectric.
  • pamphlet US 2010/307790 A1 deals with the problem that the dielectrics of the two conductors should be colored differently. This is according to US 2010/307790 A1 problematic because the introduction of different color pigments into the respective dielectric results in different permittivities for the dielectrics.
  • the core conductors are all identical and differ only in the color (“ hue ") of the outer dielectric.
  • pamphlet JP H11 25765 A deals with the problem of different signal propagation times on different stranded wire pairs, if for different ones Wire pairs of different stranding lengths are formed. Runtime differences between stranded wire pairs with different stranding lengths are reduced in that the permittivity for the dielectric is chosen to be 0.1 or more greater for a wire pair with the greatest stranding length compared to a wire pair with the smallest stranding length in a cable with several stranded wire pairs becomes. This is said to improve the attenuation of the near-end crosstalk (crosstalk at the end of the cable at which the signal is fed in), since different stranding lengths can be maintained.
  • the invention has for its object a cable of the above. kind of improving the crosstalk between two lines.
  • the dielectrics of the wires of one line show a
  • ⁇ r the relative permittivity of the respective dielectric surrounding the wires.
  • the value for k (s) is different for different values for s ( k (1) ⁇ k (2) ... ⁇ k ( N - j ))
  • the values of k (s) can also be identical for several subsets of values for s in the range from 1 to (Nj), so that, for example, there are three or more identical values for k (s) within a cable (if N is greater than or equal to) 4), the values for k (s) being different for different subsets.
  • of approximately 0.3 can be achieved in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner in that the dielectric of the wires of at least one line made of polypropylene (PP; ⁇ r ⁇ 2.1) and the dielectric of the wires of at least one other line made of polyethylene (PE, ⁇ r ⁇ 2.4) is produced.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • a value that deviates in total for the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectric of the wires of a line with a targeted setting of a value for k for the deviation of the value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectric of the wires of another line can be achieved in a simple manner in that the dielectric of the wires of at least one line is made up of a concentric layer structure of two or more dielectric materials with different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • a particularly advantageous setting of the value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectric of the wires of a line with high effectiveness is achieved in that with the wires of at least one line there is a space between the wires of this line and the outer jacket facing the wires of this line with a additional dielectric material is filled, which has a different value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r than the dielectric surrounding the wires of this line.
  • the filling dielectric is in the area of high field strength densities and is therefore particularly effective.
  • An alternative possibility of changing the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the wires of individual lines without having to change the mechanical structure of the individual wires for this purpose is achieved by coating on an inside of the outer jacket which faces the wires of a line an additional dielectric is provided, which has a value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r that differs from the dielectric surrounding the wires of this line.
  • a particularly strong influence on the resulting relative permittivity ⁇ r for individual cores is achieved in that the additional dielectric is constructed as a layer sequence of dielectric materials with different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • a high effect of the dielectric is achieved in that the dielectric of at least one wire is arranged in a space between the wire and the outer sheath in such a way that the cross section of the cable is parabolically delimited from the adjacent wires. As a result, the dielectric fills a room with a high field line density.
  • k (s) k ( s ) ⁇ [ -u, -w ] and k ( s ) ⁇ [ w, u ]
  • w 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 , 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 or 1.6
  • u 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 or 1.8
  • Additional electromagnetic shielding is achieved by additionally providing a shield jacket made of an electrically conductive material, within which the lines are arranged.
  • This shielding jacket is arranged, for example, radially outside or inside the outer jacket or integrated in the outer jacket.
  • signal transmission with differential pairs of lines or differential conductor pairs is preferably used for fast data transmission.
  • a typical cable for such an application is the star quad cable.
  • a cable for electrical signal transmission has a tubular outer jacket made of an electrically insulating material. Furthermore, for example, a shield jacket made of an electrically conductive material is provided, which is coaxially surrounded by the outer jacket. Alternatively, the shield jacket is integrated in the outer jacket. Radially inside the shield jacket are N lines with N ⁇ 2 and N ⁇ N arranged, each line n with n ⁇ [1 , N ] a total of M wires made of an electrically conductive material with M ⁇ 1 and M ⁇ N . having.
  • n ⁇ N is of a dielectric with a predetermined value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n)> 1 surrounded. It is preferred here that the dielectrics of the different wires are designed with different colors, so that the wires can be uniquely identified at each end of the cable.
  • the value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectrics of the total M cores of a line j deviates by a value k (s) from a value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectrics of the M cores of at least one other line (j + s), for example the line (j + 1).
  • ⁇ r (m, j) ⁇ r (m, j + s) - k (s) with m ⁇ [1 , M ] , m ⁇ N . j ⁇ [1, N - 1] , j ⁇ N .
  • the value k (1) is a number whose amount
  • the value of k (s) for two other lines can be different or identical.
  • are, for example, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0.
  • the wires 16, 18 thus form a first pair of conductors or the first line and the wires 20, 22 form a second pair of conductors or the second line.
  • a first straight line 32 runs through the centers of the wires 16 and 18 of the first line and a second straight line 34 runs through the centers of the wires 20, 22 of the second line.
  • the two straight lines 32, 34 are at each location in a sectional plane parallel to the representation or the drawing plane in FIG Fig. 1 perpendicular to each other.
  • Each wire 16, 18, 20, 22 forms a conductor with the associated dielectric 24, 26, 28, 30.
  • the conductors 16/24, 18/26, 20/28, 22/30 are twisted or twisted together in a cross shape in the axial direction in such a way that the known star-quad arrangement results.
  • the conductors 16/24, 18/26, 20/28, 22/30 are stranded together around a central core 36.
  • Fig. 2 shows the star quad cable as a 4-port with a first end 38 and a second end 40.
  • the first line with the wires 16, 18 and the dielectrics 24, 26 ( Fig. 1 ) forms a first differential gate 42 at the first end 38 and a third differential gate 46 at the second end.
  • the second line with the wires 20, 22 and the dielectrics 28, 30 ( Fig. 1 ) forms a second differential gate 44 at the first end 38 and a fourth differential gate 48 at the second end.
  • the wave component measurable at the third gate 46 is a transmission.
  • the part of the wave measurable at the second gate 44 is a so-called "crosstalk" at the near end 38 "NEXT” (Near End Crosstalk) i.e. it is a crosstalk from the first line with the wires 16, 18 to the second line with the wires 20, 22 which is reflected back to the first end 38.
  • the shaft component that can be measured at the fourth gate is a so-called "crosstalk” at the far end 40 "FEXT” (Far End Crosstalk) i.e.
  • Fig. 3 In order to check whether the difference in the relative permittivities ⁇ r (m, n) brings an improvement with respect to the FEXT, this FEXT was calculated with a cable model for a star quad cable designed according to the invention, as described above. The result is in Fig. 3 shown.
  • Fig. 3 50 denotes a vertical axis on which the FEXT is plotted in [dB].
  • 52 denotes a horizontal axis on which a frequency f of the input signal at the first gate 42 ( Fig. 2 ) is plotted in [MHz].
  • a first graph 54 shows the course of the FEXT over the frequency with a conventional star quad cable, as it was actually measured.
  • the transmission property of the cable 10 can be improved by a difference k (s) of the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the dielectrics 24, 26, 28, 30 without an additional shield sheath for each individual conductor pair 16, 18 and 20, 22 is necessary.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second preferred embodiment of a cable 10 according to the invention, parts having the same function having the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 1 , are referred to, so that to explain them refer to the above description of the Fig. 1 is referred.
  • Fig. 4 show different hatching or fillings of the dielectrics 24, 26, 28, 30 different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n).
  • An outer jacket is in Fig. 4 not shown. It can thus be seen that the dielectrics 24, 26, 28, 30 are basically designed with the same value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n), but the dielectrics 24 and 26 are in two parts, each with two materials with different relative permittivity ⁇ r built up.
  • a first material with the same relative permittivity ⁇ r as the dielectrics 28 and 30 encases the wire 16, 18, but in addition there is a second material 70 with a different value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r radially between the wire 16, 18 and the first material, so that the dielectrics 24, 26 effectively have a different value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r than the dielectrics 28 and 30.
  • the first and second dielectric materials are arranged concentrically to one another and to the respective wires 16, 18.
  • Fig. 5 shows a third preferred embodiment of a cable 10 according to the invention, parts having the same function having the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 1 and 4 , are referred to, so that to explain them refer to the above description of the Fig. 1 and 4 is referred.
  • different hatches or fillings show different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • An outer jacket is in Fig. 5 not shown.
  • the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 are surrounded by an identical dielectric, so that their relative permittivity ⁇ r is essentially identical.
  • a respective intermediate space between the conductors 16/24, 18/26, 20/28 and 22/30 and the shield jacket 14 is additionally filled with a further first dielectric 72 and a further second dielectric 74, each of which is provided by the dielectrics 24, 26 , 28, 30 and other values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • the effective value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 16, 18 differs from that for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 20, 22.
  • the filling with the further first and second dielectrics 72 and 74 is such that in cross-section they fill an area which is parabolic from the respectively adjacent conductors 16/24, 18/26, 20/28 and 22/30 is delimited. In this way, the other dielectrics 72 and 74 are located precisely in areas with an increased field line density and thus have a great effect.
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of a cable 10 according to the invention, parts with the same function having the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 1 . 4 and 5 , are referred to, so that to explain them refer to the above description of the Fig. 1 . 4 and 5 is referred.
  • different hatches or fillings show different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • An outer jacket is in Fig. 6 not shown.
  • the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 are surrounded by an identical dielectric 24, 26, 28, 30, so that their relative permittivity ⁇ r is essentially identical.
  • the additional dielectrics 72 and 74 are arranged on the inside of the shielding jacket 14 and in each case in such a way that they are each located between a dielectric 24, 26, 28, 30 of the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 and the shielding jacket 14. In this way, the effective value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 16, 18 differs from that for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 20, 22.
  • Fig. 7 shows a fifth preferred embodiment of a cable 10 according to the invention, parts having the same function having the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 1 . 4 . 5 and 6 , are referred to, so that to explain them refer to the above description of the Fig. 1 . 4 . 5 and 6 is referred.
  • different hatches or fillings show different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • An outer jacket is in Fig. 7 not shown.
  • the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 are surrounded by an identical dielectric 24, 26, 28, 30, so that their relative permittivity ⁇ r is essentially identical.
  • the additional dielectrics 72 and 74 are arranged on the inside of the shielding jacket 14 and in each case in such a way that they are each located between a dielectric 24, 26, 28, 30 of the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 and the shielding jacket 14. In contrast to the fourth embodiment according to Fig. 6 the additional dielectrics 72 and 74 are built up in layers with the further dielectric 70. In this way, the effective value for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 16, 18 differs from that for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 20, 22.
  • Fig. 8 shows a sixth preferred embodiment of a cable 10 according to the invention, parts having the same function having the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 1 . 4 . 5 . 6 and 7 , are referred to, so that to explain them refer to the above description of the Fig. 1 . 4 . 5 . 6 and 7 is referred.
  • different hatches or fillings show different values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r .
  • An outer jacket is in Fig. 8 not shown.
  • the wires 16, 18, 20, 22 are exclusively surrounded by the further dielectric 72 to 74 and the dielectric 72, 74 extends in each case analogously to the second embodiment in accordance with Fig.
  • the effective values for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 16, 18 differ from that for the relative permittivity ⁇ r (m, n) of the line with wires 20, 22 and the dielectrics 72, 74 fill exactly that space within the shield jacket 14 in which the highest field line density occurs.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP17711090.5A 2016-03-15 2017-03-15 Kabel zum übertragen von elektrischen signalen Active EP3430633B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016003134.4A DE102016003134A1 (de) 2016-03-15 2016-03-15 Kabel zum Übertragen von elektrischen Signalen
PCT/EP2017/000339 WO2017157521A1 (de) 2016-03-15 2017-03-15 Kabel zum übertragen von elektrischen signalen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3430633A1 EP3430633A1 (de) 2019-01-23
EP3430633B1 true EP3430633B1 (de) 2020-01-22

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EP17711090.5A Active EP3430633B1 (de) 2016-03-15 2017-03-15 Kabel zum übertragen von elektrischen signalen

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US (1) US10347397B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP3430633B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2019508858A (ko)
KR (1) KR20180121535A (ko)
CN (1) CN108885925B (ko)
DE (1) DE102016003134A1 (ko)
TW (1) TW201805959A (ko)
WO (1) WO2017157521A1 (ko)

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IT201800010156A1 (it) * 2018-11-08 2020-05-08 Prysmian Spa Cavo di segnalazione ferroviario resistente al fuoco
DE102019112926A1 (de) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-19 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Multikabel aus Mehrzahl von dielektrischen Wellenleitern
US11075488B2 (en) 2019-11-25 2021-07-27 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Impedance control connector with dielectric seperator rib
US11146010B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2021-10-12 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Overmolded contact assembly
US11011875B1 (en) 2019-12-10 2021-05-18 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Electrical cable braid positioning clip
US10978832B1 (en) 2020-02-07 2021-04-13 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Protection member to protect resilient arms of a contact assembly from stubbing
US11296464B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2022-04-05 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Impedance control connector
JP7233617B2 (ja) * 2020-09-11 2023-03-06 三菱電機株式会社 ケーブル信号伝送システム
US11915839B2 (en) * 2022-01-26 2024-02-27 Dell Products L.P. Data communications cable that utilizes multiple dielectric materials associated with different relative permittivities
IT202200010544A1 (it) 2022-05-20 2023-11-20 Prysmian Spa Data transmission cable

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Publication number Publication date
US20190080823A1 (en) 2019-03-14
US10347397B2 (en) 2019-07-09
TW201805959A (zh) 2018-02-16
CN108885925B (zh) 2019-11-19
WO2017157521A1 (de) 2017-09-21
EP3430633A1 (de) 2019-01-23
KR20180121535A (ko) 2018-11-07
CN108885925A (zh) 2018-11-23
DE102016003134A1 (de) 2017-09-21
JP2019508858A (ja) 2019-03-28

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