EP3426429A1 - Verfahren zum bestimmen der lage des fokus einer laserstrahlanordnung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mit laserstrahlung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bestimmen der lage des fokus einer laserstrahlanordnung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mit laserstrahlungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3426429A1 EP3426429A1 EP17704695.0A EP17704695A EP3426429A1 EP 3426429 A1 EP3426429 A1 EP 3426429A1 EP 17704695 A EP17704695 A EP 17704695A EP 3426429 A1 EP3426429 A1 EP 3426429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- reference surface
- diffuse reflection
- focus
- intensity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the position of the focus of a laser beam arrangement and to a method for processing a workpiece with laser radiation.
- the application of laser radiation when machining workpieces of different materials is increasingly used in various fields of technology, both in the production and in
- Beam profile identification allow to determine the position of the focus of a laser beam with respect to a material surface.
- a disadvantage of conventional approaches is, inter alia, the comparatively high outlay on equipment for determining the focus and the comparatively high time required, which is known in the art
- the invention is based on the object to provide methods for determining the position of the focus of a laser beam assembly and method for machining a workpiece by means of laser radiation, in which with particularly simple means, but nevertheless in a reliable manner the position of Focus of a used laser beam arrangement with respect to a
- Reference surface can be determined.
- the object underlying the invention is in a method for determining the position of the focus of a laser beam assembly according to the invention with the features of independent claim 1 and alternatively with the features of independent claim 4 and in a method for processing a workpiece with laser radiation according to the invention with the features of independent claim 13 solved.
- a method of determining the position of the focus of a laser beam array with respect to a reference surface comprising the steps of: (A) irradiating a laser beam on the reference surface by means of the laser beam array; and (B) measuring intensity based on Laser beam from the reference surface generated direct and / or diffuse reflection light. In doing so, (C) steps (A) and (B) are repeated for a plurality of different fixed effective distances between the reference surface and the laser beam arrangement.
- the core idea of the present invention according to the first aspect is therefore the detection of reflection light from the reference surface, whether this is due to direct reflection or diffuse reflection or scattering, when sweeping the laser beam with respect to a higher reflective surface area which is a low direct reflective structure formed with higher diffuse reflection.
- Scanning the laser beam over the surface area and the structure formed therein or correspondingly interpolated values give indications of the actual focal distance of the laser beam arrangement with respect to the reference area.
- reflection light from a direct reflection and reflection light from a diffuse reflection, which in this case can also be referred to as scattered light.
- the method according to the invention provides that the intensity of direct reflection light is measured and that an effective distance between the reference surface and the laser beam arrangement is determined as the focal distance representative of the position of the focus for which the measured or an interpolated intensity of the direct reflection light is minimal.
- the laser beam arrangement can optionally be operated at reduced power to an unintentional in determining the focus distance
- Training the method of the invention may be provided that the intensity of diffuse reflection light is measured and that an effective distance between the reference surface and the laser beam array is determined as representative of the position of focus focus distance for which the measured or an interpolated intensity of the diffuse reflection light is maximum.
- Laser beam arrangement are proposed with respect to a reference surface, in which it does not depend on such a structure.
- This alternative comprises the steps of: (A) irradiating a laser beam on the reference surface by means of the laser beam arrangement; and (B-2) measuring the intensity of diffuse reflection light generated by the reference surface due to the laser beam.
- An effective distance between the reference surface and the laser beam arrangement is determined (D-2) as the focus distance representative of the position of the focus, for which the measured or an interpolated intensity of the diffuse reflection light is maximal.
- the dimensions of the vapor capillary By changing the focus position with respect to the workpiece and thus with respect to the reference surface, the dimensions of the vapor capillary, eg diameter and depth, change. This results in a change of the ratio the power absorbed in the vapor capillary to the power reflected in the area adjacent to the vapor capillary. This changes the proportion of direct and diffuse reflection.
- the intensity of diffusely reflected light that is to say of scattered light, becomes maximum there.
- the characteristic scattered radiation can depend on the process regime and the surface condition. For example, with a slight roughness of the metal, it is possible to assume a normal distribution for the diffuse reflection in the case of reflection on a solid phase
- the second concept works without the provision and coating of an intensely diffusely reflecting or scattering structure on the reference surface. Measuring diffuse reflection light at various effective distances is sufficient.
- the laser beam arrangement and the reference surface are moved relative to one another during each passage of steps (A) and (B) such that the laser beam has a surface area of the reference surface with higher direct reflection and less diffuse reflection and thereby completely covers a structure formed in its interior with higher diffuse reflection and less direct reflection.
- the term direct reflected light can also be described by the terms directly reflected light, direct reflection beam, directly reflected beam.
- diffuse reflection light and scattered light can be described by the terms diffuse reflected light, diffuse reflection ray, diffusely reflected ray, scattered ray.
- a particularly high degree of comparability and reproducibility in the steps of irradiating the laser beam and measuring the intensity result when, according to an advantageous development, the steps (A) and (B) at a respective fixed geometry between the reference surface, the laser beam assembly and a Measuring unit to be executed.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the material surface which is associated with the reference surface is not changed by the laser beam used in the determination of the focal position.
- Power density which is tuned to a reference surface underlying substrate and does not lead to its melting.
- inventive method also aspects of forming the
- the surface region of the reference surface is formed with higher direct reflection and less diffuse reflection as a highly reflective material layer or is provided, in particular as
- Metal foil preferably with or made of copper, and / or in the manner of a dichroic mirror.
- Laser radiation and / or ion beam treatment is or will be formed.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous in connection with the structure to be swept by the laser beam when the structure with higher diffuse reflection and less direct reflection of the interior of the surface area has a linear extent swept by the laser beam which does not exceed the diameter of the laser beam in focus ,
- a method of processing a workpiece with laser radiation is provided.
- the method for processing the workpiece with laser radiation is according to the invention characterized in that before and / or during a machining operation based on the method
- Reference surface with a method according to the invention for determining the position of the focus of the laser beam assembly with respect to the reference surface is used to align the laser beam array used with respect to the surface of the workpiece as a reference surface.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an arrangement which, in one embodiment of the method according to the invention for determining the position of the focus of a
- Laser beam arrangement can be used.
- FIGS 2 and 3 are schematic side views, the aspects of another
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show different aspects in the form of graphs
- a surface area of the reference area is completely swept over, thereby detecting a structure which is smaller in comparison to the rest of the reference area
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an arrangement which, inter alia, can be used as a basis for the second concept.
- the reference surface 55 in question is formed by the upper side 51 of a workpiece 50 to be machined, which incidentally also has a lower side 52.
- the reference surface 55 is in the example shown in Figure 1, a planar surface parallel to the xy plane.
- the workpiece 50 extends in its thickness in the z-direction.
- a laser beam assembly 10 is positioned above the reference surface 55.
- This consists of a laser device 1 1, which is also referred to as laser for short and generates a primary beam 12, and a laser exit optics 13, which the primary beam 12 in a secondary beam 14 converted into optically processed form and irradiated onto the reference surface 55.
- the secondary beam 14 can also be referred to below as an incident laser beam or as an incident beam.
- the laser exit optics 13 is located at an effective distance 15-1 from the reference surface 55 and the impact point 53 of the same
- the effective distance 15-1 which is also referred to below as d, describes the length of the light path of the
- This effective distance 15-1 is ideally identical to the focal distance or effective focal distance 18 of the laser exit optics 13, which is also referred to as dfocus, because only in this case, the maximum power density at the point of impact 53 on the reference surface 55 for machining the workpiece 50 is incident.
- the beam 14 is widened with respect to the diameter 43 of the beam 14 in the focus 19 and therefore has a lower power density than in the focused case.
- the laser beam 14 impinges on the reference surface 55 at the point of incidence 53 at an angle of incidence 31 relative to the reference surface 55 relative to the reference surface 55.
- interaction with the top 51 of the workpiece 50 as the reference surface 55 is generally a certain proportion of
- the directly reflected light 16 with a reflection angle 32 identical to the angle of incidence 31 can be measured at a second measuring position 42 here by means of a second detector 22 of the measuring unit 20.
- a second detector 22 of the measuring unit 20 it is disadvantageous that an increased apparatus Expenditure is necessary to ensure the equality of the reflection angle 32 with the angle of incidence 31.
- the incident laser beam 14, the solder 30 at the point of impingement 53 and the directly reflected light beam 16 must lie in one plane.
- the detection of the diffuse reflection light or scattered light 17 is decisive, which with respect to the incident laser beam 14 at any but fixed scattering angle 33 as detection angle with diffuse reflection or scattering by means of a first detector 21 can be detected at a first measuring position 41 of the measuring unit 20.
- the scattered light 17 can also be described by the terms diffuse reflection beam or scattered beam.
- Detection of the scattered light 17 is comparatively low. It only needs to be ensured that the angles 31 and 33 are constant, they do not have to be identical.
- Distance 15-1 which describes the length of the light path from the laser exit optics 13 to the impact point 53.
- Laser exit optics 13 of the reference surface 55 simply the effective distance 15-1 between the laser exit optics 13 and reference surface 55 gradually changed, preferably in a distance range of the effective focal distance 18 includes.
- the intensity of the diffusely reflected light or scattered light 17 is a function of the size of the effective distance 15-1. If the focal point or focus 19 lies directly on the reference surface 55, in this case If the value of the effective distance 15-1 corresponds to the value of the effective focal distance 18, then the intensity of the diffusely reflected or scattered light 17 in the first detector 21 at the first measuring position 41 is maximal compared with all other measured intensities of stray light 17.
- the track 74 schematically shows the profile of the measured relative intensity l / lmax as a function of the effective distance 15-1, d of the laser exit optics 13 from the reference surface 55 when the directly reflected light 16 is evaluated at the second measuring position 42 by the second detector 22.
- the profile of the measured relative intensity l / lmax as a function of the effective distance 15-1, d of the laser exit optics 13 from the reference surface 55 when the directly reflected light 16 is evaluated at the second measuring position 42 by the second detector 22.
- the formation of the vapor capillary can be detected by measuring the direct or the diffuse reflection and is therefore not necessarily associated with an additional expenditure on equipment.
- the measuring process is thus based on the complete sweeping of the laser beam 14 with respect to a surface region 56, wherein in the surface region 56 in the interior of which a structure 57 is arranged with reduced direct reflection and increased diffuse reflection compared to the surface region 56.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 two intermediate states are shown which are adopted in one embodiment of the method according to the first concept.
- the incident laser beam 14 occurs at a point 53 of the upper side 51 of the workpiece 50 as the reference surface 55, which essentially lies in the surface region 56 but has no separate structure.
- the surface area 56 has a high direct reflection and a comparatively low diffuse reflection.
- Significant proportions of the laser beam 14 with the diameter 43 in the region of the focus 19 are reflected directly, as was explained in detail in connection with Figure 1.
- the directly reflected beam 16 can be detected at the second measuring position 42 with the second detector 22.
- the upper side 51 as a reference surface 55 is still formed in the surface region 56 with a surface structure 57.
- Beam diameter 43 in focus 19 is located.
- the surface structure 57 has a reduced direct reflection compared to the remainder of the surface region 56, but increased diffuse reflection or an increased
- the reduced direct reflection light 16 is not explicitly shown.
- the trace 83 of the graph 80 from FIG. 5 shows the profile of the intensity of the diffusely scattered light 17 as a function of the effective distance 15-1 between the laser beam arrangement 10 and its laser exit optics 13 with respect to the impact point 53 on the upper side 51 of the workpiece 50 as a reference surface 55th
- the laser beam 14 covers the surface structure 57 at its incidence substantially with its beam width 43 under the given angular ratios in the width 44. Under these circumstances, the laser beam 14 does not hit the surrounding highly reflective portion of the further surface area 56, so that the intensity of the direct reflection light 16 is minimal.
- the beam 14 is quasi-locally expanded and thus not only the surface structure 57 met with minimal direct reflection and maximum diffuse reflection, but also adjacent highly reflective areas, so that the intensity of the direct reflection light 16 - starting from the minimum - increases.
- the graphs 70 and 80 of FIGS. 4 and 5 represent traces of the normalized intensity in the tracks 73, 74, 83, 84 as a function of the normalized distance of the laser beam arrangement 10 from the impact point 53 on the upper side 51 as the reference surface 55.
- the effective distance 15-1 or d in relation to the focal distance 18 or dfocus are shown on the abscissas 71 and 81.
- the intensity I is in each case set in relation to maximum intensity Imax directly reflected light 16 under optimal conditions.
- the courses 73 and 83 show the dependence of diffusely scattered light 17 with respect to highly reflective portions of the surface area 56 or when sweeping the surface structure 57 with a high proportion of diffuse reflection.
- the guidelines 75 and 85 facilitate the detection of the extrema of the
- FIG. 6 shows a graph 60 in which, on the abscissa 61 in FIG.
- Reference surface 55 is applied.
- the intensity I of the direct reflection light 16 at the second measuring position 42 is plotted on the ordinate 62-similar to the curve 84 from FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 clarifies that it is often not possible to deduce the focus distance 18 directly from individual measuring points 63, but rather requires representation by means of an interpolation curve 64, and then with the abscissa auxiliary line 66 and ordinate auxiliary line 67 and tangent construction an interpolated value 65 as the effective focal distance 18 to be determined with a value between 310 mm and 31 1 mm.
- Joining processes by means of laser radiation are particularly characterized by a local energy input into the workpiece. This is possible because the laser beam on very small beam diameter with very large
- Intensities can be focused. Due to the beam causticity of a laser beam, an exact positioning of the welding optics to the workpiece and its surface must be carried out for focusing. Even small changes in the working distance, ie the distance between the optics and the workpiece, can significantly influence the intensity of the laser radiation on the workpiece. If a welding process is set up on the basis of laser radiation, the ideal working distance must hitherto be achieved
- welding tests are determined.
- the focus position may shift due to heating of the optics.
- the calibration of the focus position is particularly complicated in conventional scanner optics, with the help of which the beam can be deflected by mirrors and moved over a surface. In this case, welding tests must be carried out over the entire surface so that the focal position for each location can be iteratively determined.
- measuring devices are also used, which are e.g. a mechanical scanning diagnostic system for the analysis of continuous laser radiation. Although such a measuring device can be used to determine the exact distance of the focus position from the optics. However, this procedure requires considerable equipment and metrological effort.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a method with which the focus position in the laser processing of a workpiece 50 can be determined based on the reflections and possibly also during the process. If the laser beam hits the workpiece defocused, the power of the directly or diffusely back-reflecting radiation changes, as is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the focus position can be determined by measuring the direct and / or diffuse reflection-possibly by scanning or sweeping over a structure that is more diffusely reflecting or scattering with respect to the environment. This is inventively from a
- a structuring 57 is applied, which in particular less direct and comparatively more diffuse reflects or scatters.
- Structuring 57 passes over, can on the beam diameter 43 and thus be deduced to the ideal working distance, since the intensity distribution of the reflections through the structuring 57
- both macro- and nanostructures are suitable.
- the intensity of the laser radiation is chosen in particular so that there is no melting of the workpiece surface 51.
- the width 44 of the structuring 57 which is also denoted dStruktur, is chosen in particular so that it is smaller or equal to the diameter 43, the beam 14 in the focus 19, which is also denoted by d-beam.
- Beam diameter larger than the structure 57 is wide. As a result, part of the beam 14 strikes the non-structured and higher or highly reflective region 56 of the workpiece 50 and is therefore also reflected directly.
- the intensity of the direct reflection 16 at the second measuring position 42 is therefore minimal when the laser beam 14 impinges on the workpiece 50 with the minimum beam diameter 43.
- a maximum of the diffuse reflection results with a minimum beam diameter 43.
- the measuring body For simple and inexpensive production of the measuring body, e.g. with or from a structured, highly reflective material, is suitable inter alia copper on which by means of a commercially available pulsed laser beam source, e.g. With a labeling laser, a structure can be applied.
- a pulsed laser beam source e.g. With a labeling laser, a structure can be applied.
- the thickness of the measuring body can be adjusted as needed.
- a copper foil can be structured which, during the setting-up process, acts directly on the workpiece 50 to be welded
- Highly reflective dichroic mirrors can also be used.
- FIB Focused Ion Beam
- the structure 57 are applied to the workpiece 50. With this procedure, very finer structures 57 can be produced.
- first and second detectors 21, 22 which are operated in the reverse direction in series with a resistor.
- By illuminating the diodes creates a reverse current, which generates a voltage drop across the resistor.
- the required measurement technology is therefore very simple and inexpensive.
- the measurement results shown in FIG. 6 are based on the situation described below:
- a pulsed laser beam source 1 By means of a pulsed laser beam source 1 1, a 0.3 mm wide structure 57 was applied to a copper sample as a workpiece 57. At a used laser power of 400 W takes place at the used
- Wavelength of 1060 nm even in focus 19 with beam diameter d beam 300 ⁇ no material processing.
- a photodiode was selected at the second measuring position 42, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, so that the direct reflection 16 was measured.
- FIG. 6 shows the course of the intensity minima measured for different effective distances 15-1 between optic 13 and workpiece 50.
- the minimum measured intensity I is plotted in relative units over the effective distance 15-1 or d in mm. From the diagram 60 can be set to an optimal
- Working distance can be closed in the range between 310 mm and 31 1 mm, since the intensity drop is greatest here.
- the focus position 19 can be determined in the sense of the focal distance 18 to be approximately 0.4 mm.
- the necessary test setup can be added as a retrofit kit to existing optics or into the processing optics of the
- Laser beam assembly can be integrated.
- the measurement setup includes the detector (s) 21, 22 for measuring the reflection, the measurement technique and the software for evaluating the reflections. Furthermore, test specimens can be continuously provided, which are used as structure 57 in the context of the invention.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016204071.5A DE102016204071A1 (de) | 2016-03-11 | 2016-03-11 | Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Lage des Fokus einer Laserstrahlanordnung und Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks mit Laserstrahlung |
| PCT/EP2017/052503 WO2017153100A1 (de) | 2016-03-11 | 2017-02-06 | Verfahren zum bestimmen der lage des fokus einer laserstrahlanordnung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mit laserstrahlung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3426429A1 true EP3426429A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 |
Family
ID=58018073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17704695.0A Withdrawn EP3426429A1 (de) | 2016-03-11 | 2017-02-06 | Verfahren zum bestimmen der lage des fokus einer laserstrahlanordnung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mit laserstrahlung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190126391A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3426429A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016204071A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017153100A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018211166A1 (de) | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen einer Fokuslage eines Laserstrahls relativ zu einem Werkstück |
| DE102019134457A1 (de) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-17 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Verfahren zur Kalibrierung mindestens eines optischen Sensors |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0716779A (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | レーザ加工機用焦点調整装置 |
| JP3259462B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-30 | 2002-02-25 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | レーザ加工機の焦点位置検出方法およびその装置 |
| DE10248458B4 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2006-10-19 | Precitec Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen der Fokuslage eines auf ein Werkstück gerichteten Laserstrahls |
| DE102009059245B4 (de) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-09-22 | Lt Ultra-Precision-Technology Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung und Justierung des Fokus eines Laserstrahls bei der Laserbearbeitung von Werkstücken |
-
2016
- 2016-03-11 DE DE102016204071.5A patent/DE102016204071A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-02-06 WO PCT/EP2017/052503 patent/WO2017153100A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-02-06 EP EP17704695.0A patent/EP3426429A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-06 US US16/083,476 patent/US20190126391A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017153100A1 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
| DE102016204071A1 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
| US20190126391A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
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