EP3424659A1 - Appareil et procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3424659A1
EP3424659A1 EP18182550.6A EP18182550A EP3424659A1 EP 3424659 A1 EP3424659 A1 EP 3424659A1 EP 18182550 A EP18182550 A EP 18182550A EP 3424659 A1 EP3424659 A1 EP 3424659A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molding body
molding
shell
blank
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18182550.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vasco Mazzanti
Paolo Figliano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sacmi Imola SC
Original Assignee
Sacmi Imola SC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sacmi Imola SC filed Critical Sacmi Imola SC
Publication of EP3424659A1 publication Critical patent/EP3424659A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B28B7/344—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials from absorbent or liquid- or gas-permeable materials, e.g. plaster moulds in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/021—Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B28B7/348—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials of plastic material or rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing ceramic products.
  • molds with half-shells provided with plaster molding bodies are commonly used, which are adapted to transfer their surface shape to blanks (clay parallelepipeds with a water percentage lower than 25%).
  • This type of mold allows the manufacture of ceramic products of good aesthetic quality with shape very similar to that of the surfaces of the molding bodies. It is possible to obtain these types of results because the ceramic products are easily de-molded from the half-shells. The ease of separation is probably due to the fact that a thin surface layer of the molding bodies detaches together with the ceramic product.
  • the plaster molds are not without drawbacks. For example, they are relatively delicate (subject to wear) and must be replaced after approximately every hour and a half/two hours of work (after approximately 1500-2000 strokes).
  • Molds with metal or plastic half-shells are also used, interposing a layer of soft rubber (for example India rubber) between the molds and the blanks.
  • soft rubber for example India rubber
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing ceramic products, which allows to overcome, at least partially, the drawbacks of the known art and are, at the same time, easy and inexpensive to produce.
  • the number 1 indicates overall an apparatus for manufacturing ceramic products 2 (for example tiles and/or crockery - such as cups, oven-proof dishes etc.).
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a mold 3, which is adapted to compress a blank 4, comprising (consisting of) clay (which can be a mixture of different clays) and up to (i.e. a value lower than or equal to) 25% by weight, in respect to the total weight of the blank 4, of water, so as to obtain a ceramic product 2.
  • the blank 4 comprises at least 14% (up to 25%) by weight, in respect to the total weight of the blank 4, of water.
  • the mold 3 in turn, comprises a half-shell 5 and at least one half-shell 6.
  • the apparatus further comprises an actuator 9 to move the half-shells 5 and 6 relative to each other, in particular towards each other (and possibly away from each other).
  • the half-shell 5 comprises a molding body 7 having a molding surface 8 provided with a predetermined shape, which is adapted to be pressed on a face 10 of the blank 4 so as to obtain at least part of a face 11 of the ceramic product 2.
  • the molding surface 8 is exposed towards the outside (in other words, it is not covered by further elements).
  • the half-shell 6 comprises a molding body 12 (which, in particular, is arranged below the half-shell 5) having a molding surface 13.
  • the half-shell 5 is arranged above the half-shell 6.
  • the molding body 7 comprises (in particular, is made of) an at least partially porous resin (in particular, a porous resin).
  • the mold 3 further comprises a pressure device 14 adapted to press a gas (in particular, air) through the molding body 7 towards the second half-shell 6 (in figures 7 , 8 and 9 the arrows facing downwards indicate, by way of non-limiting example, the movement of the gas flowing out of the molding body 7). More precisely, the pressure device 14 is adapted to keep under pressure a gas inside the first molding body 7. According to some non-limiting embodiments, the pressure device 14 comprises a pump connected to the molding body 7 by means of at least one duct 14'.
  • a gas in particular, air
  • the pressure device 14 comprises a pump connected to the molding body 7 by means of at least one duct 14'.
  • the pressure device 14 comprises two channels 14'. In use, the pressure device 14 exerts a pressure on the (feeds the) gas towards the molding body 7 along both the channels 14'.
  • the pressure device 14 is adapted to press the gas through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 so that, in use, a layer of gas is at least partially interposed between the molding surface 8 and the face 10 of the blank 4.
  • the pressure device 14 is adapted to press the gas through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8.
  • the outflow of the gas from the molding surface 8 is schematically illustrated by arrows.
  • the particular structure of the apparatus 1 (more precisely of the mold 3) surprisingly improves the aesthetic quality of the face 11, limiting the possibility of the blank 4 sticking too closely to the molding body 7 (which, it should be remembered, comprises a resin) while the blank 4 itself is compressed between the half-shells 5 and 6.
  • the pressure device 14 (or the further pressure device) is (also) adapted to apply a negative pressure (in particular, a suction) through the molding body 7.
  • a negative pressure in particular, a suction
  • air and/or liquid - for example water
  • the actuator 9 is adapted to move only the half-shell 5 (towards and away from the half-shell 6). It should be noted, however, that according to alternative embodiments (not illustrated) the actuator 9 is adapted to also move the half-shell 6 (or only the half-shell 6).
  • the molding surface 13 has a given shape adapted to be pressed on a face 15 of the blank 4 so as to obtain at least part of a face 16 of the ceramic product 2.
  • the molding body 12 comprises (in particular, is made of) a resin (identical to or different from the resin of the molding body 7) which is at least partially porous (in particular, a porous resin).
  • the molding body 7 has, internally, at least one channel 17, in particular having a cross section of at least 4 mm 2 , more precisely at least 7 mm 2 (in particular, up to 80 mm 2 ) connected to the pressure device 14, which is adapted to maintain (feed) the gas under pressure into the channel so as to press the gas through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the molding body 7 has, internally, a plurality of channels 17 and 18. In this way it is possible to further improve the uniformity of distribution of the gas over the molding surface 8.
  • the channels 17 and 18 are fluidically connected to each other so as to create a network of channels (or one single branched channel).
  • the channel 17 (and possibly also the channels 18) is made in the above-mentioned resins (in other words it extends through the resin).
  • the channel 17 is arranged (or the channels 17 and 18 are arranged) at a distance up to (in other words, less than or equal to) 5 cm (in particular, at least 0.5 cm) from the molding surface 8.
  • the channel is arranged at a distance of at least 1 cm from the molding surface 8.
  • the article (in particular, the molding body 7 or possibly 12) comprising the (made of) resin (in the case in point the molding body 7) is placed in a kiln at 50°C for the time necessary to reach a constant weight (at this point the article can be considered substantially dry).
  • the percentage difference in weight, in respect to the initial weight, of the article before and after the treatment indicates the water percentage by weight contained in the article. Said procedure applies mutatis mutandis (the main difference being that the kiln is kept at 110°C) also for measuring the percentage by weight of water of the blanks 4.
  • the (the entire) molding body 7 comprises up to (in particular, less than) 18% by weight, relative to the total weight of the molding body 7, of water. More precisely, the resin of the molding body 7 comprises up to (in particular, less than) 18% by weight, relative to the total weight of the resin of the molding body 7, of water.
  • the (the entire) molding body 7 comprises up to 60% (in particular, 40% to 50%) by weight, relative to the total weight of the water contained in the molding body 7 at saturation, of water. More precisely, the resin of the molding body 7 comprises up to 60% (in particular, 40% to 50%) by weight, relative to the total weight of the water contained in the resin at saturation, of water.
  • the weight of the molding body 7 (and/or of the resin) at saturation is measured by maintaining the molding body (and/or the resin) immersed in water and performing periodic measurements of the weight of the molding body (and/or of the resin), for the time necessary to reach a constant weight.
  • the weight of the substantially dry molding body 7 (and/or of the resin) is measured by weighing the substantially dry molding body 7 (and/or the resin) obtained as described above (i.e. after treatment in the kiln until reaching a constant weight).
  • the difference in weight between the weight of the molding body 7 (and/or the resin) at saturation and the weight of the substantially dry molding body 7 (and/or resin) indicates the total weight of the water contained in the molding body 7 (and/or in the resin) at saturation.
  • the channels 18 are substantially parallel to one another and the channel 17 is transverse to them (so as to connect them).
  • the channel 17 extends according to a U-shaped path.
  • the molding body 7 has at least one lateral hole 19, which is arranged at one end of the channel 17.
  • the hole 19 places the channel 17 in communication with the pressure device 14.
  • the duct 14' has one end fitted in a fluid-tight manner in the hole 19.
  • the half-shell 5 comprises a frame 20, to (on) which (more precisely, inside which) the molding body 7 is fitted.
  • the frame 20 laterally envelops the molding body 7.
  • the frame 20 comprises (is made of) metal.
  • the frame 20 also comprises a cover arranged on the opposite side of the molding body 7 relative to the molding surface 8.
  • the frame 20 comprises a protuberance 21 (for example a blade), which projects from the frame 20 towards the half-shell 6 beyond the molding surface 8.
  • the protuberance 21 is adapted to (partially) penetrate the blank 4 so as to limit the passage of the gas from the molding surface 8 towards the outside and/or the relative movement of the blank 4 relative to the molding surface 8 (which is therefore less subject to wear).
  • the protuberance 21 extends around the molding body 7. In this way, the passage of the gas from the molding surface 8 is limited towards the outside.
  • the protuberance 21 extends partially around the molding body 7. According to some specific non-limiting embodiments, the protuberance 21 extends all around the molding body 7.
  • the half-shell 5 comprises a layer of impermeable material arranged between the frame 20 and the molding body 7.
  • the half-shell 6 (which can be identical to or different from the half-shell 5) is defined according to the characteristics indicated above and below for the half-shell 5.
  • the molding body 12 (which can be identical to or different from the molding body 7) is defined according to the characteristics indicated above and below for the molding body 7.
  • the pressure device 14 (or a further pressure device of known type and not illustrated) is adapted to press a gas (in particular, air) through the molding body 12 towards the second half-shell 5. More precisely, the pressure device 14 (or the further pressure device) is adapted to keep a gas under pressure inside the molding body 12.
  • the pressure device 14 (or the further pressure device) comprises a pump connected to the molding body 12 by means of at least one duct (known per se and not illustrated).
  • the pressure device 14 is (also) adapted to apply a negative pressure (in particular, a suction) through the molding body 12.
  • the pressure device 14 is (also) adapted to apply a negative pressure (in particular, a suction) through the molding body 12 on the ceramic product 2 and/or so as to suck air through the molding surface 13.
  • the apparatus 1 also comprises a kiln (of per se known type and not illustrated) adapted to fire the ceramic product 2.
  • the mentioned kiln is adapted to fire (so as to obtain a fired ceramic product) the ceramic product 2 at a temperature of at least 950°C (more precisely, at a temperature from 1000°C to 1150°C).
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a conveying assembly C which is adapted to move the blank 4 along a path P to the mold 3 and the ceramic product 2 along a path PP from the mold 3 to the above-mentioned kiln.
  • the conveying assembly C comprises a motorized roller conveyor to move the blank 4 along the path P and the ceramic product 2 along the path PP and an automated manipulator (known per se and not illustrated) to bring the blank 4 from the roller conveyor to the mold 3 and the ceramic product 2 from the mold 3 to the roller conveyor.
  • the apparatus 1 further comprises a control unit CU, which is connected to the conveying assembly C, to the pressure device 14 and to the actuator 9 and is adapted to control the conveying assembly C, the pressure device 14 and the actuator 9 so as to operate them in a coordinated manner, in particular so that the method described below is implemented.
  • a control unit CU which is connected to the conveying assembly C, to the pressure device 14 and to the actuator 9 and is adapted to control the conveying assembly C, the pressure device 14 and the actuator 9 so as to operate them in a coordinated manner, in particular so that the method described below is implemented.
  • the molding body 7 (the cited resin) has a (total open) porosity of at least 10%, in particular up to 50% (more in particular, up to 28%) by volume, relative to the total volume of the molding body 7.
  • the porosity is measured by mercury porosimetry with a Pascal 140/240 porosimeter by Thermo Fisher Scientific (following the instructions provided with it).
  • the principles and operation of mercury porosimetry are well known and are described for example in: Mercury Porosimetry: a General (Practical) Overview, Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 23 (2006) 1-11, Herbert Giesche, DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.200601009 ; Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Pore Size and Density, S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields, Martin A. Thomas e Matthias Tans, Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004, ISBN 1-4020-2302-2 (HB), ISBN 1-4020-2302-0 (e-book ).
  • porosity is measured according to the ISO 15901-1:2016 standard.
  • the total open porosity is the porosity measured considering the open pores (and not the closed pores), namely the pores that are accessible by a fluid (ISO 15901-1:2016).
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a flexural strength of at least 7 MPa (in particular, at least approximately 30 MPa), more precisely up to 42 MPa (in particular, up to approximately 35 MPa) .
  • the flexural strength is measured as established by the DIN 53452 standard.
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a tensile strength of at least approximately 5 MPa, in particular up to approximately 30 MPa.
  • the tensile strength is measured as established by the DIN 53455 standard.
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has pores with a mean diameter from 0.5 (in particular, approximately 5 ⁇ m) to 80 ⁇ m (in particular, approximately 15 ⁇ m).
  • diameter of a pore we mean the limiting diameter, namely the diameter of a circle having the same area as the smaller (cross) section of the pore.
  • the mean diameter of the pores is measured by mercury porosimetry with a Pascal 140/240 porosimeter by Thermo Fisher Scientific (following the instructions provided with it). The principles and operation of mercury porosimetry are well known (see the documents cited above in this regard). In particular, the mean diameter of the pores is measured as established by the ISO 15901-1:2016 standard.
  • diameter we mean the diameter corresponding to the fiftieth percentile of the volume of the pores, namely the diameter for which half of the volume of the pores is in the largest pores and half of the volume of the pores is in the smallest pores (ISO 15901-1:2016, in particular paragraph 3.16).
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a flexural elastic modulus (measured as established by the DIN 53457 standard) from approximately 440 MPa to approximately 2100 MPa.
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a tensile elastic modulus (measured as established by the DIN 53457 standard) from approximately 570 MPa to approximately 2100 MPa.
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a compression strength (measured as established by the DIN 53454 standard) from approximately 11 MPa to approximately 130 MPa.
  • the molding body 7 (in particular, the cited resin) has a compression elastic modulus (measured as established by the DIN 53457 standard) from approximately 300 MPa to approximately 1700 MPa.
  • the molding body 12 (in particular, the cited resin) has a total open porosity as indicated above. Additionally or alternatively, the molding body 12 (in particular, the cited resin) has a flexural strength as indicated above. Additionally or alternatively, the molding body 12 (in particular, the cited resin) has a tensile strength as indicated above. Additionally or alternatively, the molding body 12 (in particular, the cited resin) has pores with a mean diameter as indicated above.
  • the molding body 7 (and/or the molding body 12) comprises, in particular is made of, a resin selected from the group consisting of: acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins and a combination thereof.
  • the acrylic resins are obtained from the polymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers, mainly acrylic acid and acrylic or methacrylic esters.
  • the cited resin is and is produced as described in one or more of the patent documents EP165952 , GB1284890 and US4727092 .
  • a suspension of water and oil (containing the precursors of the cited resin) is inserted in a master die (or matrix) 28, which is open at the top and closed at the bottom by a plate 22 (for example made of epoxy resin), the surface of which has the form in negative of the molding surface 8.
  • a silicone tube 23, which extends between two holes 19, a plurality of bars 24, which extend from one side to the other of the frame 20 and a further tube 25, which is partially wrapped around the tube 23, are arranged inside the space delimited by the frame 20 and by the plate 22.
  • Clamping ties 26 are provided to hold the tubes 23 and 25 and the bars 24 together so that they are in contact.
  • the bars 24 are made of rigid material (e.g. metal or plastic or a combination thereof). According to some non-limiting embodiments, the bars 24 have a silicone and/or nylon coating.
  • the polymerization takes place. Once at least most of the polymerization has taken place and the resin has been substantially obtained, the tubes 23 and 25 and the bars 24 are removed by sliding them out of the resin so as to create the channels 17 and 18.
  • the molding body 7 is removed from the master die 28, inserted in the frame 20 and connected (more precisely, the channels 17 and 18 are connected) to the pressure device 14.
  • the resin is dried (the water is removed) by feeding the gas (more precisely, the air). The resin is thus freed of the water present in the porosity.
  • the master die 28 (which is typically made of metal - e.g. aluminum) consists of one single piece. According to alternative embodiments not illustrated, the master die 28 comprises (substantially consists of) four lateral sideboards fitted rigidly but separable from one another.
  • pins 29 are fitted in a releasable manner on the inner surfaces of the walls of the master die 28. Said pins remain embedded (once the polymerization has been obtained) in the resin of the molding body 12 and are subsequently used to couple in a fixed manner the molding body 12 with the frame 20 (for example by means of screws which are screwed into the pins 29).
  • the molding body 12 is obtained by following an analogous procedure to the one described above relative to the molding body 7.
  • the structure illustrated in figure 14 is used which differs from the one in figure 13 due mainly to the fact that both the tubes 23 and 25 have one end connected to a respective hole 19 and that the plate 27 replaces the plate 22.
  • the plate 27 (which can be identical to or different from the plate 22) has a surface with the form in negative of the molding surface 13.
  • any vertical channels are obtained by milling.
  • a method for manufacturing ceramic products (for example tiles and/or crockery - such as cups, oven-proof dishes etc.).
  • the method comprises a molding step, during which the blank 4 comprising clay and up to 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the blank 4, of water, is compressed between the half-shell 5 of the mold 3 and at least the half-shell 6 of the mold 3, so as to obtain the ceramic product 2 (e.g. a semi-finished product which, once fired, becomes a tile and/or a piece of crockery - such as a cup or an oven-proof dish).
  • the blank 4 is compressed (between the half-shells 5 and 6) with a pressure from approximately 25Kg/cm 2 to approximately 35 Kg/cm 2 (more precisely with a pressure of approximately 30Kg/cm 2 ).
  • a gas air
  • the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 7 (where the half-shell 5 is closed on the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed (fed) (from the pressure device 14) through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 at a pressure from approximately 1.5 bar to approximately 6 bar.
  • a gas air
  • the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 12 (where the half-shell 6 is closed on the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed (fed) (from the pressure device 14) through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 at a pressure from approximately 1.5 bar to approximately 6 bar.
  • the blank 4 comprises from 14% to 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the blank 4, of water.
  • the blank 4 comprises (is) water, clay (for the most part), silica and any feldspars.
  • the blank 4 comprises (is) clay (including a mixture of clays).
  • the half-shell 5 (in particular, the molding body 7) is as described above relative to the apparatus 1. Additionally or alternatively, the half-shell 6 (in particular, the molding body 12) is as described above relative to the apparatus 1.
  • the molding step comprises an initial pressing sub-step, during which the blank 4 begins to be compressed between the half-shells 5 and 6 ( figures 1 and 2 ); a tightening sub-step, which is subsequent to the initial pressing sub-step and during which the blank 4 is compressed between the half-shells 5 and 6 with an increasing pressure ( figure 2 ); and a release sub-step, which is subsequent to the tightening sub-step and during which the blank 4 is compressed between the half-shells 5 and 6 with a decreasing pressure ( figures 3 and 4 ).
  • the gas is pressed (by the pressure device 14) through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8). More precisely, during the (at least part of the) initial pressing sub-step, the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 7 (where the half-shell 5 is closed on the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed (by the pressure device 14) through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 7 (where the half-shell 5 is closed on the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the gas is pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 so that a layer of gas is at least partially interposed between the molding surface 8 and the first face 10 of the blank 4 during the molding step, more precisely during the initial pressing and tightening sub-steps (in some cases, also during the release sub-step).
  • the gas is not pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6. This allows the molding quality to be improved.
  • the gas is not pressed by the pressure device 14 through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the pressure device 14 interrupts pressing of the gas through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the gas is not pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6.
  • the gas is not pressed by the pressure device 14 through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8).
  • the gas is pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 so that a layer of gas is at least partially interposed between the molding surface 8 and the face 10 of the blank 4 during the (at least part of the) tightening sub-step.
  • the gas when the gas is pressed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6, the gas moves or does not move (or moves partially), as the case may be, through the molding body 7 (more precisely, through the molding surface 8).
  • the substantially pressed gas does not move (but is kept under pressure) through the molding body 7; when the molding body 7 is far from the blank 4, the pressed gas moves through the molding body 7.
  • the method comprises an approaching step, during which the half-shells 5 and 6 move towards each other until the blank 4 begins to be compressed.
  • the gas is fed through the first molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8).
  • the method comprises a surface treatment step, which is previous to the molding step and during which a detaching compound is applied on the molding surface 8 and/or on the face 10 (preferably, on the face 10 of the blank).
  • the detaching compound is applied in powder or by spraying.
  • the detaching compound is organic or inorganic and comprises: solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, silicone solutions, suspensions of talc, suspensions of calcium sulfate and/or esters of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the gas is pressed (by the pressing device 14) through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8). More precisely, during at least part of the molding step, the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 12.
  • the gas is pressed (by the pressure device 14) through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 13). More precisely, during the (at least part of the) initial pressing sub-step, the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 12 (where the half-shell 6 is closed with the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed (by the pressure device 14) through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the gas is kept under pressure inside the molding body 12 (where the half-shell 6 is closed with the blank 4 in a fluid-tight manner).
  • the gas is pressed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the gas is pressed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 so that a layer of gas is at least partially interposed between the molding surface 13 and the face 11 of the blank 4 during the molding step, more precisely during the initial pressing and tightening sub-steps (in some cases, also during the release sub-step).
  • the gas is not pressed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the gas is not pressed by the pressure device 14 through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the pressure device 14 interrupts pressing of the gas through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the gas is not pressed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5.
  • the gas is not pressed by the pressure 14 through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8).
  • the method comprises a step of extraction of the ceramic product 2 from the mold 3 (in particular, the extraction step is subsequent to the molding step).
  • the method also comprises a further molding step, which is subsequent to the molding step and the extraction step and during which a further blank 4, in particular comprising clay and up to 25% (in particular, at least 14%) by weight, relative to the total weight of the further blank 4, of water, is compressed between the half-shell 5 and at least the half-shell 6, so as to obtain a further ceramic product 2.
  • the gas is fed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8).
  • the gas is fed through the molding body 7 towards the half-shell 6 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 8).
  • the gas is fed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 13).
  • the gas is fed through the molding body 12 towards the half-shell 5 (in particular, so that gas flows out of the molding surface 13).
  • a negative pressure is applied (in particular, a suction) through the molding body 12 (which, in particular, is arranged below the half-shell 5) (and/or the molding body 7) (in particular, so that gas enters through the molding surface 13 - and/or the molding surface 8).
  • a negative pressure is applied (in particular, a suction) through the molding body 12 (which, in particular, is arranged below the half-shell 5) (and/or the molding body 7) (in particular, so that gas enters through the molding surface 13 - and/or the molding surface 8).
  • the extraction step comprises a moving away sub-step, during which the half-shells 5 and 6 are moved away from each other (one of the two half-shells 5 and 6 is moved relative to the other one - as specifically illustrated in figures 3 and 4 - or both are moved).
  • a negative pressure is applied (in particular, a suction) on the ceramic product 2 through the molding body 12 of the half-shell 6 (which, in particular, is arranged below the half-shell 5).
  • a force is exerted opposite to the relative loosening movement between the half-shell 5 and the ceramic product 2. This allows a more correct separation to be obtained between the half-shell 5 and the ceramic product 2 and, consequently, a better aesthetic quality of the face 10 (fewer risks of the face 10 being damaged during the loosening relative to the molding body 7).
  • the method comprises a firing step, which is subsequent to the molding step and during which the ceramic product 2 is treated (fired) at a temperature of at least 950°C (more precisely, at a temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1150°C) (inside a suitable kiln).
  • the apparatus 1 and the method according to the present invention have several advantages relative to the state of the art. For example, with the present invention it is possible to obtain ceramic products 2 with good aesthetic qualities, at the same time significantly reducing the wear on the molding body 7 and therefore the need to replace it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
EP18182550.6A 2017-07-07 2018-07-09 Appareil et procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques Withdrawn EP3424659A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000076893A IT201700076893A1 (it) 2017-07-07 2017-07-07 Apparato e metodo per la realizzazione di prodotti ceramici

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3424659A1 true EP3424659A1 (fr) 2019-01-09

Family

ID=60294321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18182550.6A Withdrawn EP3424659A1 (fr) 2017-07-07 2018-07-09 Appareil et procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3424659A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT201700076893A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202000016273A1 (it) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-06 Siti B & T Group Spa Attrezzatura per la realizzazione di lastre in materiale ceramico

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE588637C (de) * 1928-05-05 1933-11-23 William Joseph Miller Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Toepferwaren auf der Toepferscheibe
DE864674C (de) * 1951-11-22 1953-01-26 Johannes Dr Knappstein Pressform
GB1284890A (en) 1968-11-05 1972-08-09 Guenther Will Polymeric compositions
GB1381479A (en) * 1971-03-18 1975-01-22 Batchelor P J Twigg E Moulds
EP0165952A1 (fr) 1983-12-14 1986-01-02 Gunther Will Faconnage de materiaux ceramiques.
FR2668094A1 (fr) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-24 Canard Germain Compositions minerales pour moules de pressage, calibrage ou coulage.
EP0505296A1 (fr) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 L'industrielle Regionale Du Batiment Procédé de réalisation d'articles obtenus à partir d'un matériau moulable sous forme de pâte humide, et moule de pressage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
EP1281494A2 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-05 SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA Soc. Coop. a r.l. Moule pour le pressage de carrreaux en céramique, en particulier de plaques de grande dimension

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2584109A (en) * 1947-03-12 1952-02-05 Ram Inc Mold and method for molding ceramic ware
GB792351A (en) * 1954-12-27 1958-03-26 Shenango China Inc Dies for pressing green ceramic objects

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE588637C (de) * 1928-05-05 1933-11-23 William Joseph Miller Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Toepferwaren auf der Toepferscheibe
DE864674C (de) * 1951-11-22 1953-01-26 Johannes Dr Knappstein Pressform
GB1284890A (en) 1968-11-05 1972-08-09 Guenther Will Polymeric compositions
GB1381479A (en) * 1971-03-18 1975-01-22 Batchelor P J Twigg E Moulds
EP0165952A1 (fr) 1983-12-14 1986-01-02 Gunther Will Faconnage de materiaux ceramiques.
US4727092A (en) 1983-12-14 1988-02-23 Guenther Will Molding of ceramic materials
FR2668094A1 (fr) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-24 Canard Germain Compositions minerales pour moules de pressage, calibrage ou coulage.
EP0505296A1 (fr) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 L'industrielle Regionale Du Batiment Procédé de réalisation d'articles obtenus à partir d'un matériau moulable sous forme de pâte humide, et moule de pressage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
EP1281494A2 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-05 SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA Soc. Coop. a r.l. Moule pour le pressage de carrreaux en céramique, en particulier de plaques de grande dimension

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HERBERT GIESCHE: "Mercury Porosimetry: a General (Practical) Overview", PART. SYST. CHARACT., vol. 23, 2006, pages 1 - 11
S. LOWELL; JOAN E. SHIELDS; MARTIN A. THOMAS; MATTHIAS THOMMES: "Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Pore Size and Density", 2004, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202000016273A1 (it) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-06 Siti B & T Group Spa Attrezzatura per la realizzazione di lastre in materiale ceramico

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT201700076893A1 (it) 2019-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR860001640B1 (ko) 배출주입성형에 의한 속이 빈 성형제품 제조방법 및 장치
JP6828980B2 (ja) パルプ成形装置およびそれに使用するための型
JPH05131419A (ja) セラミツク成形体を製造する方法及びセラミツク成形品をプレス成形する装置
IT8023855A1 (it) Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la produzione di getti in malta cementizia
GB2109742A (en) Filling and moulding ceramic material under vacuum
KR20150070163A (ko) 성형 가능한 그리고/또는 붕괴될 수 있는 부품을 상승 및 이동시키기 위한 장치, 시스템 및 방법
EP3424659A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques
JP6756442B2 (ja) 大型で軽量の成形物体およびその製造方法
KR101582031B1 (ko) 도자기 진공성형장치 및 그 진공성형방법
US9321188B2 (en) Method for manufacturing of ceramic electro-insulating pipes
US3737276A (en) Molding of powdered or granular material
CN104552561A (zh) 用于注浆成型的多孔模具
EP2364830B1 (fr) Matrice pour le pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique
EP3674046A1 (fr) Méthode pour la fabrication de produits céramiques
JPS62216703A (ja) 粉末状型材料から通路を有する圧縮体を製造する方法および装置
CN211848633U (zh) 一种纸浆成型产品解决背面挂浆系统
EP1281494A2 (fr) Moule pour le pressage de carrreaux en céramique, en particulier de plaques de grande dimension
CN111041898B (zh) 一种纸浆成型产品解决背面挂浆系统
CN112454617B (zh) 一种杯把成型机
CN106536141A (zh) 用于挤压成挤压件的挤压装置和方法
KR101189761B1 (ko) 점토 용기를 생산하는 장치 및 방법
CN207522413U (zh) 用于陶瓷研磨体制造机模具的自动定量填料装置
CN109551612B (zh) 一种耐火匣钵的等静压成形方法及模具
WO2009057162A1 (fr) Système permettant de fabriquer de grands objets à partir d'une suspension fibreuse
WO2008010034A3 (fr) Appareil et procédé de formation de produits céramiques

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20190708

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20210714

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20220125