EP3419756A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3419756A1 EP3419756A1 EP17709602.1A EP17709602A EP3419756A1 EP 3419756 A1 EP3419756 A1 EP 3419756A1 EP 17709602 A EP17709602 A EP 17709602A EP 3419756 A1 EP3419756 A1 EP 3419756A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat treatment
- catalyst
- temperature
- metal alloy
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/862—Iron and chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst having at least one heating element, wherein the heating element is ⁇ formed of an electrically conductive metal alloy, wherein the catalyst undergoes at least a first heat treatment in the manufacturing process, wherein the Kata ⁇ lysator is heated at least partially defined and is defi ⁇ ned cooled.
- the invention relates to a catalyst which is prepared in whole or in part by the process according to the invention.
- electrically conductive materials are used, which are connected to a power supply. Due to the ohmic resistance, heating of the electrically conductive material can be generated.
- metallic alloys are used as heating conductors.
- the resistance of the heating alloys used must be adjusted as accurately as possible in order to achieve a well-defined and predetermined heating with the available energy can.
- the heating of current-carrying conductors due to the ohmic resistance is basically well known and realized in a variety of applications.
- a disadvantage of the previously known methods and devices in the prior art is, in particular, that the counter ⁇ value of the materials used is not adjustable with sufficiently high accuracy. This applies in particular to metal alloys which are used for the construction of catalysts, since these are subjected at least once to a heat treatment in the production process, as a result of which the metal structure can change and thus the resistance value of the alloy can also change. This change in the metal structure is dependent on the selected boundary conditions, such as the temperature profile over time in the respective heat treatment. Due to the wide dispersion of resistance values at
- An embodiment of the invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst with at least one heating ⁇ element, wherein the heating element is formed from an electrically leitfähi ⁇ gen metal alloy, wherein the catalyst in the Manufacturing process undergoes at least a first heat treatment, wherein the catalyst is heated at least partially defined and is cooled defined, wherein the fol ⁇ ing steps are performed:
- the process is particularly advantageous since a beneficial change in the Metallge Stahl- ges can be achieved by the strong heating in connection with a holding time at the high temperature level of cooling with a high temperature ⁇ turtransienten. In particular, a regression of disadvantageous metal structures can be achieved.
- a temporal Variegated ⁇ tion of temperature (dT / dt) is meant.
- the variability of the temperature is given in the present embodiments in each case as a change in Kelvin per minute [K / min] and refers to a majority of a defined cooling from a predetermined temperature level.
- the method is particularly advantageous geared metal structure, which give rise to dissolve or regress, so as to minimize the change of the resistance value to keep Bezie ⁇ hung, in predictable limits a strong influence of the original loan resistance value of the selected metal alloy. It is particularly advantageous when heating to Minim ⁇ least 700 degrees Celsius is performed is. Warming to at least 700 degrees Celsius is beneficial because of this Temperature level or above the conversion of the metal microstructure can be particularly simple and comprehensive. The temperature level is particularly advantageous because it is above the working temperature of other heat treatments that are commonly used in the production of catalysts. For example, calcining in the context of a heatSichtung.
- the entire catalyst can be subjected to the heat treatment.
- it can also take place only one treatment a portion of a Kataly ⁇ crystallizer.
- the metal foils arranged in the catalytic converter or other structures arranged in the catalytic converter can be heat-treated detached from the remaining components of the catalytic converter. This is for example before ⁇ geous to avoid destruction of joints, such as solder joints, by the heat treatment.
- the holding time turtem on the temperature to which the catalyst has been heated is Minim ⁇ least four hours.
- a long hold time of about four hours or more is particularly advantageous to achieve the widest possible and complete transformation of the metal structure.
- a preferred embodiment is characterized gekennzeich ⁇ net that is Temperaturtransient during cooling Minim ⁇ least 2400 Kelvin per minute [K / min]. Due to the strong and rapid cooling with a particularly high temperature transient, it is achieved that the microstructure that has been reformed due to heating and holding at the elevated temperature level does not arise again. At too slow ⁇ By running the lower temperature ranges, in particular the Tem ⁇ peratur Schemeen directly below the maximum temperature (up to about 450 degrees Celsius), a re-formation of the detrimental metal structure may occur.
- the at least firstberichtbe ⁇ action connected downstream of at least one second heat treatment is tet, wherein by the first heat treatment, a Variegated ⁇ tion of the metal structure of the metal alloy resulting from the upstream second heat treatment is made at least partially reversed.
- One of the first heat treatment prior second michbe ⁇ treatment for example, by a coating process be caused, or by a joining process.
- a disadvantageous transformation of the metal structure can occur, which can lead to a negative influence on the resistance value of the metal alloy.
- the metal alloy is transferred by the upstream second heat treatment in the so- ⁇ called alpha-prime phase, wherein a resolution of the alpha prime phase is achieved in the metal alloy by the subsequent first heat treatment.
- the so-called alpha-streak phase is known in the literature as part of the iron-carbon diagram. It is characterized by the formation of a special metal structure.
- the alpha-streak phase leads to embrittlement of the ferritic phase of the metal alloy.
- the alpha-streak phase is preferably produced below about 500 degrees Celsius. By renewed heat treatment, this alpha-streak phase can be dissolved or regressed again.
- the second heat treatment by a joining process or a coating process is ge ⁇ forms. Provided that, is a joining process, as with ⁇ play as the soldering is to pay attention when re plantebe ⁇ action that no destruction of the joining place due to the high upper temperature level is created or due to the rapid cooling after holding the top Temperature levels.
- the second heat treatment prefferably preceded by a coating of the inner and / or outer surfaces of the catalyst with a surface-enlarging coating. This is advantageous to the order ⁇ conversion of the exhaust gas within the catalyst to begünsti ⁇ gene by the reactive surface is increased.
- An embodiment of the invention relates to a catalyst with at least one electrically heatable element, wherein the electrically heatable element is formed by an electrically conductive metal alloy and can be heated by utilizing the ohmic resistance, wherein the catalyst ⁇ tor at least partially by a method of one of preceding claims can be produced.
- a catalyst is advantageous since, in particular, the heating element for heating the catalyst has a resistance value which can be predicted on the basis of the original material properties of the selected metal alloy. This is advantageously unchanged or only to a very small extent compared to the original Metallle ⁇ government.
- the heating element can preferably also be detached from the housing of the catalyst or the other elements, such as ⁇ the honeycomb bodies, treated according to the method according to the invention in order to subject the heating element without consideration ⁇ back to the other elements of the catalyst of a heat treatment can.
- 1 is a diagram showing the change in the resistance value for a metal alloy (material
- Fig. 2 is a graph of the change of the resistance value of a metal alloy (material 1.4767), wherein in heating to 700 degrees Celsius sauge ⁇ found and after a four-hour hold time, cooling at a temperature transients of
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram which shows the temperature 1, in particular the holding temperature, of the metal alloy along the X-axis.
- the metal alloy is heated to approximately 600 degrees Celsius during the holding time provided in the method.
- the metal ⁇ alloy which is formed in the illustrated case made of the material 1.4767, cooled to a temperature transients from a Kelvin per minute [K / min]. This can preferably be done by simply cooling in air at room temperature.
- Curve 3 shows the respective percentage change in the resistance coefficient of the metal alloy at different outlet temperatures, provided that cooling takes place from this initial level at approximately one Kelvin per minute.
- the change in the drag coefficient is plotted as per ⁇ percentage terms change from the initial state on the Y-axis. 4
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram similar to FIG. 1.
- the holding temperature of the metal alloy is again plotted along the X-axis 5.
- the holding temperature in the selected example case is about 700 degrees Celsius, with a cooling with a transient of about 2400 Kelvin per minute is performed.
- the diagram of figure 2 corresponds to the resistance change in the inventive method, while the diagram of Figure 1, for example, reflects the Wi ⁇ derstandsver selectedung at a heat treatment in a pre-mounted process step.
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention.
- the metal alloy is heated to a target temperature.
- this target temperature is maintained for a predetermined time.
- the metal alloy is finally cooled with a predefined temperature transient.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 relate by way of example to a specific material (1.4767) and in particular have no limiting character. Also related metal alloys can also be used for the application of the method according to the invention. The selection of the temperature transient and the holding temperature is also exemplary and can be varied within the limits of the invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016203017.5A DE102016203017B3 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators |
| PCT/EP2017/054085 WO2017144547A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3419756A1 true EP3419756A1 (de) | 2019-01-02 |
Family
ID=58264478
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17709602.1A Withdrawn EP3419756A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190009264A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3419756A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN108602059A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016203017B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017144547A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3506747B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-15 | 2004-03-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカムヒーター |
| DE69308794T2 (de) * | 1992-12-21 | 1997-10-23 | Nippon Soken | Elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator |
| DE4434673A1 (de) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator |
| US5620651A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-04-15 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Iron aluminide useful as electrical resistance heating elements |
| DE19652399A1 (de) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-06-18 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Metallfolie sowie deren Verwendung |
| AU751819B2 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2002-08-29 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Two phase titanium aluminide alloy |
| US7615206B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Methods of fabricating nanoscale-to-microscale structures |
| CN101530743B (zh) * | 2009-03-19 | 2011-02-02 | 吉林大学 | 适用于下吸式抽油烟机的油烟净化器 |
| CN101565803A (zh) * | 2009-06-03 | 2009-10-28 | 北京科技大学 | 一种提高Cu-Cr系铜合金强度和导电率的热处理方法 |
| JP5468321B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-06 | 2014-04-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | パティキュレート燃焼触媒 |
| CN101709400B (zh) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-01-12 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | 硼、银、稀土元素添加Cu-Fe原位复合材料及其制备方法 |
| KR20130107821A (ko) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 코팅 조성물, 이를 가지는 히터 및 히터의 코팅 방법 |
| JP5761161B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-08-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 通電加熱式触媒装置及びその製造方法 |
| CN103263934A (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-08-28 | 苏州诺信创新能源有限公司 | 燃料电池催化剂的制作方法 |
| JP5967127B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 通電加熱式触媒装置及びその製造方法 |
| CN104998542B (zh) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-09-15 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | 一种具有催化涂层的电加热装置及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2016
- 2016-02-25 DE DE102016203017.5A patent/DE102016203017B3/de active Active
-
2017
- 2017-02-22 WO PCT/EP2017/054085 patent/WO2017144547A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-02-22 US US16/079,410 patent/US20190009264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-02-22 EP EP17709602.1A patent/EP3419756A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-22 CN CN201780008569.4A patent/CN108602059A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017144547A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 |
| CN108602059A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
| US20190009264A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
| DE102016203017B3 (de) | 2017-08-10 |
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