EP3412857A1 - House door leaf and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a front door leaf (12) for a suitable as outer end of a building front door (10), wherein the front door leaf (12) the door leaf frame (38) forming door leaf frame profiles (44, 46) and one on the door leaf frame (38) attached Inner cover plate (42) and an outer cover plate (40) fixed to the door leaf frame (38). The inner cover plate (42) has an inner cover plate (72), and the outer cover plate (40) has an outer cover plate (74). The outer cover plate (74) has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the inner cover plate (72). The outer cover plate (40) may comprise a single outer cover plate (74) or a plurality of outer cover plates (74, 76) arranged one above the other in a sandwich structure. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the front door panel (12) and a front door (10) comprising said front door panel (12).

Description

The invention relates to a front door leaf, a manufacturing method for such a door door leaf and a front door having this front door leaf.

The invention is in the field of front doors. Front doors are doors that can be used as the exterior finish of a building.

The invention relates in particular to front doors which can be used as the main entrance of residential buildings, in particular single-family homes, multi-family houses, terraced houses, semi-detached houses.

Doors are in contact with the external environment and should therefore meet high requirements for sound insulation, burglary protection and thermal insulation. House doors have a door leaf, also referred to as a door leaf, and a door frame, also referred to as a frame. The door leaf usually includes a door leaf frame and a door panel.

As materials for entrance doors, there are mainly front doors made of wood, plastic or metal on the market. These materials have several advantages and disadvantages with regard to sound insulation, burglary protection and thermal insulation. Wood and plastic have a lower thermal conductivity compared to metal materials, so that it seems basically easier with these materials to achieve thermal protection. On the other hand, wood and plastic are usually designed less resistant to metals, so that based on metal materials doors are usually more robust, less forgiven even with frequent and prolonged operation and provide a good basis for increased burglary protection. Metal doors based on metal materials have a high quality. They can be produced very precisely with small gaps and have a longer service life than plastic or wooden doors.

Due to this, front doors made of metal can be made tightly closing, and high burglary protection can be achieved.

According to an earlier standard, the door leaf frame is manufactured by a door leaf manufacturer and the door panel is manufactured by a door panel manufacturer. The door panel is usually constructed as a sandwich panel comprising an externally arranged motif plate, an inner plate and an insulation therebetween. In these models, the visible joint between frame and filling is visually disadvantageous. Another disadvantage is that the delivery of the door leaf in a desired color makes the separate painting of the frame and the filling required.

As a further development, door leaves with internal sash profile or door leaf frames are offered on the market. For these door leaves cover plates, cover plates or motif plates cover both the door panel and the door leaf frame. EP 1 568 842 A2 and EP 2 581 542 shows different embodiments of such door leaves with internal door leaf frame.

The wing profiles (hereinafter also referred to as door frame profiles) may be formed with a single shell. In this case, the use of profiles of poor thermal conductivity polymer or composite material for the thermal separation of inside and outside. Furthermore, cavities in the profiles and the cavity between an outer cover plate and an inner cover plate for thermal insulation may be filled with a rigid polyurethane foam filling. In addition to the heat-insulating function, this filling also ensures improved mechanical stability of the door leaf.

An alternative is bivalve door leaf frame profiles, which have at least one outer door leaf frame profile and an inner door leaf frame profile. For thermal separation, outer door leaf frame profiles are combined of a polymeric material such as polyamide (PA) or a composite material such as carbon fiber and / or glass fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP and / or GRP) and inner door leaf frame profiles of a metal material such as aluminum , Polymer materials have a low thermal conductivity, aluminum profiles are light and stable and can be easily produced by extrusion. Also at the bivalve embodiment of a door leaf frame, a PU hard foam filling in cavities of the profiles and / or between the door leaf cover plates for improved thermal insulation and for improved mechanical stability of the door panel can be used.

The outer cover plates or cover sheets of the door leaf are usually made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. For improved burglary protection, steel sheets can be used instead of aluminum sheets.

Hörmann KG offers commercially available doors with the names ThermoCarbon, ThermoSafe, Thermo65 and TopComfort. The front door door leaf labeled "ThermoCarbon" includes two aluminum cover sheets, sandwiched between a carbon-fiberglass reinforced composite airfoil and a PU thermal foam filling for thermal separation. The door leaf of the thermally insulated door with the name "Thermo65" has steel cover plates on the outside and the inside instead of the aluminum cover plates, which improves burglar protection.

Front door leaves with internal sash have particularly large cover plates. For large sheet metal small bends are easily visible to the naked eye. Door sashes with internal sash profiles are also manufactured with small gaps. Deflecting the wing can lead to problems when closing the front door because of the small gap dimensions. An objective in the construction of such door-door leaves is therefore to reduce the forces acting on a door leaf or to counteract the unavoidable forces to prevent or reduce bending of the door leaf.

Deflections of the door leaf can be caused by the forces with which users open and close a front door. In addition, the uneven heating and cooling of the outside and the inside of the door leaf, as in direct sunlight or strong frost, leads to bending.

The operating forces can be reduced with a new sealing system in which the grooves for receiving the seals in the door leaf and door frame are positioned so that larger and therefore more flexible seals can be installed. At the same time, the construction air between wing and frame is increased. Details of this improved sealing system will be found in Fig. 5 shown in connection with a door panel according to the invention. Furthermore, the operating forces can be reduced by an optimized GU-lock system, which provides, inter alia, an improvement in the closing plate geometry. With these two measures it is possible to achieve a reduction of the operating forces by up to 80%. The strong reduction of operator forces makes it possible to avoid about 90% of the malfunctions that occur when opening and closing a deformed door leaf.

Further design measures are required to avoid or limit the remaining malfunctions that are predominantly caused by climatic bending, such as one-sided heat and cold on a front door.

In highly insulated house doors with metallic cover plates occur such deflections due to the so-called bimetallic effect. The bimetal effect ensures a deformation in which the bending line changes to the warm side. The bimetallic effect and the bending through climatic stress in summer and winter are in Fig. 2A to Fig. 2C outlined.

In summer, the outer cover heats up a lot. The fixed to the door leaf frame cover plate expands and causes a distortion of the door leaf, the door seals can no longer accommodate. One consequence of this is the occurrence of drafts. In winter, the outer cover sheet cools down and contracts accordingly. It also comes to a bend, but in the other direction. The door seals can no longer absorb the delay. Here, the pressure on the latch can be so high that opening the door by key operation is very uncomfortable or even impossible.

The problem of warpage of door leaves due to temperature change has several causes: The aluminum used as the cover plate has a relatively large coefficient of expansion. The sheet is glued to the sash frame "shear resistant" and therefore can not expand freely. When expanding a shear-resistant connected to the airfoil aluminum cover plate thus tremendously large forces occur. Such forces are also known from the Stone Age columns of rocks by means of swelling wooden wedges. The sash profile gives way to the force of the lengthening or shortening aluminum sheet and bends. Depending on the summer or winter situation, there is a convex or concave curvature of the door leaf. Fig. 2A to 2C contain a graphic representation of this effect. Although the sash profile exerts a static counterforce against the bending. However, the counterforce is far from sufficient to prevent the bending.

Another cause of the bending is the shear-resistant bonding of injected into the door leaf PU foam with the aluminum sheet. The foam also expands when the temperature rises and introduces additional thrust into the sash.

Today's solutions to this problem provide for a static stiffening of the door. A static stiffening of the door can be achieved by a third door hinge in the middle between the other two door hinges. In addition, the thickness of the cover sheet on the inside of the door, which corresponds to the hinge side, can be increased from about 1.5 mm to about 3 mm. Another option for static stiffening the door is to insert a solid steel core into the aluminum profile on the inside of the door, which corresponds to the hinge side. Fig. 3 shows such solutions of the prior art in a cross-sectional view.

The object of the invention is to provide a front door leaf with improved properties in temperature change.

The object is achieved with a front door leaf with the features of claim 1.

An advantageous manufacturing method for such a door-door leaf is the subject of a secondary claim.

A front door, which has such a front door leaf, is the subject of another additional claim.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect, the invention provides a front door leaf for a front door of a building, the front door leaf comprising one or more door leaf frame profiles forming the door leaf frame and an inner cover plate secured to the door leaf frame and an outer cover plate secured to the door leaf frame Inner cover plate has and the outer cover plate has one or more outer cover plates, wherein the one outer cover plate or one of the plurality of outer cover plates has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the inner cover plate.

The coefficient of expansion, coefficient of linear expansion or coefficient of thermal expansion is a parameter which describes the behavior of a substance with regard to changes in its dimensions in the case of temperature changes. The thermal expansion is a substance-specific material constant. In the present case, expansion coefficient means, in particular, the coefficient of linear expansion, which is also referred to as thermal expansion coefficient α. The larger the coefficient of linear expansion, the more a material expands when heated and the shorter it will be when cooled.

In a first embodiment, it is preferable that the outer panel has a single outer panel having a smaller coefficient of linear expansion, such as a stainless steel sheet, a stainless steel sheet or an austenitic steel sheet.

In a second embodiment, it is preferred that the outer cover plate has a plurality of outer cover plates, at least one of which is a smaller Linear expansion coefficient than the inner cover sheet has. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferred that the plurality of outer baffles are stacked in a sandwich structure, wherein an inner outer panel has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than an outer outer panel and / or the inner panel.

If a plurality of outer baffles are provided, the various outer baffles are preferably individually, independently and without adhesive contact connected to each other with the door leaf frame. For this, the innermost cover plate may have smaller dimensions than the outermost cover plate.

It is preferred that the one or only outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate and the inner cover plate are fixedly mounted on the door leaf frame and the outer outer cover sheet is pushed softly secured to the door leaf frame.

Shock-resistant fastening is understood to mean an attachment of two parts with a fastening means which essentially retains its shape when a force is applied and thus essentially transfers the force acting on the one part to the other part, which possibly causes it to bend. A push-soft fastening means a fastening in which the fastening means reacts under force if necessary under elastic or plastic deformation and preferably does not transmit the force acting on the one part or only to a small extent on the other part. A bending of the other part can be avoided. Instead, there is a shift between the connected parts without bending.

It is preferred that the coefficient of linear expansion of the outer outer cover sheet and / or the inner cover sheet is 1.1 times to 3 times, preferably 1.3 times to 2.7 times, more preferably 1.5 times to 2.5 -fold, more particularly about 1.5 times to about 2.0 times the coefficient of linear expansion of the one outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate corresponds.

It is preferable that the rigidity of the one outer cover sheet and the inner outer cover sheet is 1.5 times to 5 times, preferably 2 times to 4 times, more preferably 2.5 times to 3.5 times, the rigidity the outer outer cover sheet and / or the inner cover sheet corresponds.

Stiffness describes the resistance of a body to elastic deformation by a force or a moment.

It is preferred that the one outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate is a sheet steel and the inner cover plate and the outer outer cover plate are aluminum sheets.

Aluminum has a coefficient of linear expansion α of 23.8 · 10 ^-6 / K. The coefficient of linear expansion α of steel is 11.7 · 10 ^-6 / K. The coefficient of linear expansion α of stainless steels, such as V2A steel, is about 16 × 10 ^-6 / K. Thus, aluminum has about twice as long expansion length as steel when heated and about 1.5 times as long as stainless steel. Furthermore, steel has a 3-fold rigidity over aluminum.

Tests have shown that the distortion of a door leaf caused by temperature fluctuations when using an outer cover plate made of or with stainless steel can be avoided particularly well.

The aluminum may be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular Al-Mg alloys with a high aluminum content of at least 80% by weight.

It is preferable that the steel sheet is made of a steel made of non-magnetic steels, austenitic steels, austenitic-ferritic steels is selected with low ferrite content, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic stainless steels, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic stainless steels.

The reason for the deformation (bimetallic effect) is the aluminum sheet. Normally, the aluminum sheet consists of aluminum-magnesium alloys with an aluminum content of more than 80% by weight and corresponding magnesium content of less than 20% by weight. The magnesium promotes the stress factor of the change in length at the temperature differences in question.

Stainless steel as inventively preferred material for the production of the outer cover sheet brings next to the optimally reduced change in length on heating or cooling also has the advantage that a stainless steel sheet can not be produced magnetically or not already present magnetically. Ferritic shares, for undesirable magnetic properties are either non-existent or not significant.

A particular advantage of stainless steels is that the facilities used for the processing of aluminum, in particular in connection with laser processing, powder coating systems, adhesive methods, can continue to be used. The stainless steel sheets provide good results when painting.

Another advantage of using stainless steel is that stainless steel is such a high quality material that it enables the production of premium products.

The strength of stainless steels is so great that their use for the outer cover sheets of door leaves also ensures high burglar resistance. The use of high-strength or high-strength stainless steels is particularly advantageous in connection with burglar resistance. This is to be considered in particular in connection with the achievement of certain resistance classes for burglary protection. Aluminum sheets have to be reinforced from a certain resistance class because they are relatively soft. During RC2-classified doors can still be built with relatively soft aluminum sheets, there are problems with the use of aluminum sheets in higher classified doors (RC3 and RC4). By using an outer sheet of stainless steel, it is possible to construct door leaves for doors that are given RC3 or RC4 classification. This is not possible without the use of stainless steel.
Another advantage of using stainless steel is that existing aluminum sheet manufacturing equipment can also be used for stainless steel sheets. By simple substitution, different sheet qualities can be used on automated manufacturing equipment. This offers maximum flexibility with maximum effectiveness.

As far as the stainless steels according to the invention are also stainless, there is a further advantage in that the sheets produced therewith do not have to be galvanized because of the inherent rust protection.

Environmental tests with the preferred stainless steel over steel in general give good results. The smaller coefficient of linear expansion of steel and stainless steel when used as outer sheet for door leaves improves or eliminates the slight, but visually and with regard to the closing behavior noticeable distortion of door leaves with outer sheet of aluminum.

It is preferred that the one or more door leaf frame profiles for thermal separation at least one outer door leaf frame profile of a polymer material in contact with the one outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate and an inner door leaf frame profile connected to the outer door leaf frame profile of a metal material, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, such as an aluminum-magnesium alloy, in contact with the inner cover sheet.

It is preferable that the outer door leaf frame profile is made of a polyamide or comprises a polyamide. It is further preferred that the inner frame profile is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, such as an aluminum-magnesium alloy, or comprises such a metal material. In the area of the door leaf frame is preferably obtained from the inside out Sequence inner cover sheet made of aluminum, inner door leaf frame profile made of aluminum, outer door leaf frame profile made of polyamide and outer cover sheet made of stainless steel. The strong change in length of aluminum sheets with temperature change due to the high Al coefficient of expansion of 23.8 10 ^-6 / K, the stainless steel sheet with an expansion coefficient, for example, of 16 10 ^-6 / K counteracts optimally. Furthermore, the stainless steel sheet also counteracts the strong change in length of the outer door leaf frame profile made of polyamide with a PA expansion coefficient of 110 10 ^-6 / K with temperature changes. The stainless steel sheet has an advantageous effect especially in thermally separated door leaf frame with an outer door leaf frame profile of a polymer material, such as polyamide.

It is preferred that the inner cover sheet and the one outer cover sheet or the inner outer cover sheet are glued to the door leaf frame with a shear-resistant adhesive. By way of example, the steel sheet can be bonded to the "standard" profiles using the "standard" adhesive. This includes the adhesive "Theramix".

It is further preferred that the outer outer cover plate is adhesively bonded to the door leaf frame with a push-soft adhesive or adhesive tape. When adhesive tape is provided for such applications double-sided adhesive in question. When a loose, slip-on adhesive to be applied is used to push-fit the outboard aluminum outer panel to the door panel frame, adhesive grooves are provided on the outer surfaces of the door panel frame profiles in contact with the outer panel, which are deeper than conventional adhesive grooves. In this case, it is advantageous to make the outer spar or web of the outer door leaf frame profile thicker in contact with the cover plates in order to be able to provide deeper adhesive grooves.

It is preferred that the front door door leaf has a multiple locking device which can be actuated from outside only via personal identification.

1. a) Herstellen eines Türblattrahmens aus einem oder mehreren Türblattrahmenprofilen, insbesondere einem oder mehreren äußeren Türblattrahmenprofilen aus einem Polymermaterial, wie einem Polyamid, und einem oder mehreren inneren Türblattrahmenprofilen aus einem Metallmaterial, wie Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, im Kontakt mit dem einen oder den mehreren äußeren Türblattrahmenprofilen;
2. b) Befestigen der Innendeckplatte, die ein Innendeckblech aufweist, an der Innenseite des Türblattrahmens;
3. c) Befestigen der Außendeckplatte, die ein oder mehrere Außendeckbleche aufweist, an der Außenseite des Türblattrahmens,

wobei ein Außendeckblech einen kleineren Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten als das Innendeckblech hat.According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a front door panel, comprising the following steps:

1. a) manufacturing a door leaf frame from one or more door leaf frame profiles, in particular one or more outer door leaf frame profiles of a polymeric material, such as a polyamide, and one or more inner door leaf frame profiles of a metal material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in contact with the one or more outer door leaf frame profiles;
2. b) attaching the inner cover plate, which has an inner cover plate, on the inside of the door leaf frame;
3. c) fixing the outer cover plate, which has one or more outer cover plates, on the outside of the door leaf frame,

wherein an outer cover plate has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the inner cover sheet.

• b1) Schubfestes Befestigen des Innendeckblechs an dem Türblattrahmen.

It is preferred that step b) comprises:

• b1) shear-resistant fastening of the inner cover sheet on the door leaf frame.

• b2) Verkleben des Innendeckblechs mit einem schubfest verbindenden Klebstoff mit dem Türblattrahmen;

It is preferred that step b) comprises:

• b2) bonding the inner cover sheet with a shear-resistant adhesive to the door leaf frame;

• b3) Verwenden eines Aluminiumblechs als Innendeckblech.

It is preferred that step b) comprises:

• b3) using an aluminum sheet as the inner cover sheet.

• c1) Befestigen des einen Außendeckblechs an dem Türblattrahmen;

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c1) attaching the one outer cover plate to the door leaf frame;

• c2) Befestigen der mehreren Außendeckbleche an dem Türblattrahmen unter Ausbildung einer Sandwichstruktur, wobei die Außendeckbleche so ausgewählt werden, dass ein innenliegendes Außendeckblech einen kleineren Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten als ein außenliegendes Außendeckblech und/oder das Innendeckblech hat.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c2) attaching the plurality of outer baffles to the door leaf frame to form a sandwich structure, wherein the outer baffles are selected such that an inner outer panel has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than an outer outer panel and / or the inner panel.

• c3) Befestigen mehrerer Außendeckbleche an dem Türblattrahmen unter Ausbildung einer Sandwichstruktur, wobei ein innenliegendes Außendeckblech schubfest an dem Türblattrahmen befestigt wird und ein außenliegende Außendeckblech schubweich an dem Türblattrahmen befestigt wird.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c3) attaching a plurality of outer baffles to the door leaf frame to form a sandwich structure, wherein an inner outer cover plate is shear-resistant attached to the door leaf frame and an outer outer cover sheet is pushed softly secured to the door leaf frame.

• c4) Auswählen des außenliegenden Außendeckblechs einer Sandwich-Struktur so, dass sein Längenausdehnungskoeffizient dem 1,1-fachen bis 3-fachen und vorzugsweise 1,3-fachen bis 2,7-fachen, besonders bevorzugt 1,5-fachen bis 2,5-fachen, noch bevorzugter etwa 1,5-fachen bis etwa 2,0-fachen des Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten des innenliegenden Außendeckblechs und/oder des Innendeckblechs entspricht.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c4) selecting the outer outer cover sheet of a sandwich structure such that its coefficient of linear expansion is 1.1 times to 3 times and preferably 1.3 times to 2.7 times, more preferably 1.5 times to 2.5 more preferably, about 1.5 times to about 2.0 times the coefficient of linear expansion of the inner outer cover sheet and / or the Innerendeckblechs corresponds.

• c5) Auswählen des einen Außendeckblechs bzw. des innenliegenden Außendeckblechs so, dass seine Steifigkeit dem 1,5-fachen bis 5-fachen, vorzugsweise 2-fachen bis 4-fachen, besonders bevorzugt 2,5-fachen bis 3,5-fachen der Steifigkeit des außenliegenden Außendeckblechs und/oder des Innendeckblechs entspricht.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c5) selecting the one outer cover sheet or the inner outer cover sheet so that its rigidity to 1.5 times to 5 times, preferably 2 times to 4 times, more preferably 2.5 times to 3.5 times the Stiffness of the outer outer cover sheet and / or the inner cover plate corresponds.

• c6) Verwenden eines Stahlblechs, insbesondere Edelstahlblechs, als das eine Außendeckblech bzw. das innenliegende Außendeckblech.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c6) using a steel sheet, in particular stainless steel sheet, as the one outer cover sheet or the inner outer cover sheet.

• c7) Verwenden eines Aluminiumdeckblechs als das außenliegende Außendeckblech und/oder das Innendeckblech.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c7) using an aluminum cover plate as the outer outer cover plate and / or the inner cover plate.

• c8) Verkleben des einen Außendeckblechs bzw. des innenliegenden Außendeckblechs und/oder des Innendeckblechs mit einem schubfest verbindenden Klebstoff mit dem Türblattrahmen.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c8) bonding the one outer cover sheet or the inner outer cover sheet and / or the inner cover sheet with a shear-resistant adhesive with the door leaf frame.

• c9) Verkleben des außenliegenden Außendeckblechs mit einem schubweich verbindenden Klebstoff oder Klebeband mit dem Türblattrahmen.

It is preferred that step c) comprises:

• c9) gluing the outer outer cover plate with a push-soft adhesive or adhesive tape with the door leaf frame.

It is preferable that the steel sheet is selected from steel sheets of non-magnetic steels, stainless steels, especially non-magnetic stainless steels, stainless steels, especially non-magnetic and / or stainless steels, and austenitic steels.

• d) Montieren einer Mehrfachverriegelungseinrichtung in dem Haustür-Türblatt, die von außen nur über Personenidentifikation betätigbar ist.

It is preferred that the method comprises the further step d):

• d) mounting a multi-locking device in the front door leaf, which is externally operable only via personal identification.

A front door, which includes the front door leaf according to claim 1 and a door frame, is the subject of another additional claim.

The invention provides a new approach to the problem of caused by temperature change bending front doors with metallic cover plate, in particular aluminum cover plate. The solution consists in a "reinforcement" of the door leaf by means of additionally glued steel sheet on the outside of the door. The door outside corresponds to the hinge opposite side of the door. The principle used here is similar to the principle of reinforced concrete reinforcement.

Steel has only 50% elongation compared to aluminum. Stainless steel has only about 66% elongation compared to aluminum. Steel has 3 times tensile strength compared to aluminum.

The following explains how a door works according to the new approach: The stainless steel sheet "firmly holds the door together". The coefficient of linear expansion of steel or stainless steel, which is 50% or about 34% lower, counteracts that of the aluminum sheet. The steel sheet or stainless steel sheet reduces the longitudinal extent of the aluminum sheet.

The aluminum sheet has no connection to steel sheet or PU foam. It is merely connected to the sash profile in the marginal area "pushing soft". Thus, it can "relatively easily" expand, without introducing too much power in the wing. With the aid of the steel sheet, the static counterforce of the sash profile is now sufficient to minimize deformation.

The aluminum sheet in this sandwich arrangement has a further function: it "shields" the steel sheet slightly against the influence of temperature. As a result, it expands less or contracts less.

The new approach also brings with it advantages in the production of the door: The steel sheet only needs to be formatted to the door size. For doors with light cut-out (glass insert), the steel sheet also receives a (larger) light cut-out. The installation of glasses is unchanged from today's process. In addition, the sheet steel can be glued with the "standard" adhesives on the "standard" profiles. The door manufacturing can remain unchanged with respect to the glass insert and the injection of the PU foam.

Furthermore, there are advantages of the door according to the new solution approach in terms of cost-effectiveness. The steel sheet can be formatted down the coil on the impact shears. This is cheap. The steel sheet is hermetically sealed. It only requires a minimal amount of zinc coating (zinc coating according to the Sendzimir method). Because of the hermetic conclusion can be dispensed with the galvanizing completely. For non-rusting stainless steels, galvanizing can be dispensed with altogether.

Further advantages of the door according to the new solution approach arise for the end user. He can see (from the outside) despite the improved bending strength no difference. The door leaf, for example, only about 1 mm thicker. The door seal can "compensate" the resulting deformation. Drafts or high operating forces on the key are significantly reduced. The steel sheet has no negative influence on the property "burglar resistance".

The stiffer door can provide improved values in tests such as "wind load resistance".

Fig. 1

eine Haustür des Stands der Technik in einer Querschnittsansicht;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung der Problemstellung anhand eines Längsschnitts durch eine Hauswand mit integrierter Haustür, die durch Temperaturänderung verzogen ist;

Fig. 3

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Türblattrahmens mit der Darstellung von Lösungen zur Beseitigung der Verbiegung eines Haustür-Türblatts durch Temperaturänderung gemäß dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 4

eine Haustür mit einem verbesserten Dichtungssystem mit einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Haustür-Türblatts in einer Querschnittsansicht;

Fig. 5

eine Haustür ohne das verbesserte Dichtungssystem mit einer zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Haustür-Türblatts in einer Querschnittsansicht.

The problem and an embodiment will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

a front door of the prior art in a cross-sectional view;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the problem with reference to a longitudinal section through a house wall with an integrated front door, which is warped by temperature change;

Fig. 3

a cross-sectional view of a door leaf frame showing solutions for eliminating the bending of a front door leaf by temperature change according to the prior art;

Fig. 4

a front door with an improved sealing system with a first embodiment of the front door panel according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;

Fig. 5

a front door without the improved sealing system with a second embodiment of the door-door leaf according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.

Fig. 1 shows a front door 10 of the prior art comprising a front door frame 14 and a front door leaf 12 in a cross-sectional view.

The frame 14 comprises an outer frame profile 20 made of an aluminum hollow profile and an inner frame profile 22 made of an aluminum hollow profile. The outer frame profile 20 and the inner frame profile 22 are connected by perpendicular to the outer broad side 34 and inner broad side 36 of the front door 10 extending, caring for the thermal separation connecting webs 24 to each other. For the connection, the connecting webs 24 are dovetailed at their ends educated. The dovetail-shaped ends engage in correspondingly shaped grooves in the outer frame profile 20 and in the inner frame profile 22 in a form-fitting manner with the formation of tongue and groove connections. For the thermal separation, the connecting webs 24 are made of a material with low thermal conductivity, such as a polymeric material such. As polyamide or aramid, or a composite material, such as fiber-reinforced plastic material (CFK, GRP) formed.

The existing between the outer frame profile 20, inner frame profile 22 and the connecting webs 24 cavity 26 is filled for further thermal insulation with a PU foam filling 28.

The outer frame profile 20 is provided with a projecting in the direction of the door leaf 12 first Anschlagfalz 50 against which abuts the edge region of the outer cover plate 40 in the closed state of the front door 10. On the stop side, the first stop fold 50 has at its outer end a first C-shaped receiving groove 56 in which an outer stop seal 60 engages. The connecting webs 24 are also designed as elongated receiving grooves 30 with dovetailed rear handles. In the elongated receiving groove 30 in the door leaf side connecting web 24 engages a central stop seal 70 at.

The front door leaf 12 has a thermally separated door leaf frame 38, as outer cover plate 40, an outer cover plate 74 made of aluminum, as inner cover plate 42, an inner cover plate 72 made of aluminum and a filled with a polyurethane foam filling 92 door leaf cavity 86 between the outer cover plate 74 and inner cover plate 72. The cover plates 72, 74 are glued to the outer surfaces of the door leaf frame 38 and form the outer broad side 34 and the inner broad side 36 of the door panel 12th

For thermal separation, the door panel frame 38 comprises an outer door panel frame profile 44 of a polymeric material, such as a polyamide, or a composite, such as a fiber reinforced composite (CFRP, GFRP), and an inner door panel frame profile 46 rigidly connected thereto a metal material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The door leaf frame profiles 44, 46 are formed as hollow profiles. The door leaf frame 38 may also be integrally formed from a single door leaf frame profile for thermal separation when made from a low thermal conductivity material such as a polymeric material or a composite material. The PU hard foam filling 92 between the cover plates 72, 74 also serves the thermal insulation and thermal separation of the door leaf 38th

From the outer door leaf frame profile 44 are substantially perpendicular to the broad sides 34, 36 of the door panel 12 extending profile webs 54, the end of which is dovetail-shaped. The dovetail-shaped ends of the profile webs 54 engage with the formation of tongue and groove connections in correspondingly shaped grooves in the inner door leaf frame profile 46 made of aluminum. The outer door leaf frame profile 44, the profile webs 54 and the inner door leaf frame profile 46 form a cavity 26 which is filled with a PU hard foam filling 28.

The outer door leaf frame profile 44 has in its interior a first and a second diagonal reinforcing web 82, 84. Furthermore, a hook formation 88 also protrudes diagonally in the direction of the door leaf cavity 86, which hooks into the PU hard foam filling 92 in the door leaf cavity 86. The hook formation 88 is further formed so that it forms a bearing surface 32 for laying the outer cover plate 40 together with the remaining outer door leaf frame profile 44.

The inner door leaf frame profile 46 is provided with a projecting in the direction of the frame 14 second Anschlagfalz 96 against which abuts the edge region of the inner frame profile 22 in the closed state of the front door 10. On the stop side, the second stop fold 96 has at its outermost end a second C-shaped receiving groove 100 in which an inner stop seal 104 engages. Furthermore, diagonally protrudes a hook formation 88 in the direction of the door leaf cavity 86, which hooks in the polyurethane foam filling 92 in the door leaf cavity 86. The hook formation 88 is further configured that it forms, together with the remaining inner door leaf frame profile 46, a support surface 32 for placing the inner cover plate 42.

For the attachment of the door leaf frame profiles 44, 46 adhesive grooves 68 are provided in the bearing surfaces 32 of the door leaf frame profiles 44, into which a hard-bonding adhesive is introduced. After introducing the hard-bonding adhesive, the door leaf frame profiles 44, 46 are placed, after which the adhesive hardens.

At the front door 10 according to Fig. 1 is the outer cover plate 74 made of aluminum, which has a relatively large expansion coefficient, "shear-resistant" glued to the door leaf frame and can not expand freely. The resulting from the expansion of the outer cover plate 74 forces are enormous. The outer door frame profile 44 gives way to the force of the lengthening or shortening aluminum sheet and bends. This bending can be concave or convex. For details, see the following Fig. 2 directed. The coming from the sash profile static counterforce is far from sufficient.

Furthermore, the injected into the door leaf PU foam is "shear-resistant" glued to the aluminum sheet. The foam expands when the temperature increases also and brings additional thrust in the door frame profile 44.

In addition, 10 is at the front door according to Fig. 1 the distance between the first Anschlagfalz 50 of the outer frame profile 20 and the outer cover plate 40 of the door leaf 12 because of the arranged at the outer end of the first Anschlagfalzes 50 first C-profile shaped receiving groove 56 low, so that only a small amount of construction air is available for the door leaf 12. Likewise, the distance between the second Anschlagfalz 96 and the inner Zargenprofil 22 because of the arranged at the outer end of the second Anschlagfalzes 96 second C-shaped receiving groove 100 is small, so that for the door leaf 12 and at this point the door construction is little design air available. The design air is in each case about 3 mm. This small distance is disadvantageous because it requires increased operating forces when opening and closing the door, which can lead to complaints.

Fig. 2A to 2C shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a house comprising a house wall and the door provided therein. The area on the left corresponds to the area outside the house, which is exposed to the weather, in particular temperature changes. The area on the right corresponds to the area inside the house where the temperatures are more constant. Strong temperature changes result in bending problems in the area of the front door, for which the invention offers a new solution.

The front door system is double-shelled with a heat protection filling. The highly heat-insulated construction ensures that the surface temperature on the front door inside the house is in the range between approx. 15 ° C and 25 ° C throughout the year. The surface temperature on the outside of the house can reach about - 10 ° C in winter and + 50 ° C and more in summer sunshine. On the outside, however, it can reach about -10 ° C and below in winter and + 50 ° C and above in summer sunshine.

These temperature differences lead to heat-insulated doors to deformation due to the physical bimetal effect. The firmly anchored in the masonry door frame performs almost no deformation. However, the door bends inwards in winter and outwards in summer. Elastic seals and adjustable strike plates compensate for these deformations and movements. Nevertheless, it may be that something has to be helped on the door handle to open or close the door lock. The contact pressure of the door leaf can be adjusted accordingly via an adjustment in the strike plate of the season. Even a small exchange of air through the door, especially at the threshold, may take place. These slight deformations result from the physical properties of thermally insulated doors.

Aluminum entrance doors are manufactured according to the RAL quality guidelines RAL-GZ996 and reach the stress group A. Front doors are a façade element of the object and thereby exposed to the temperature differences between indoor and outdoor climate. The extreme outside temperatures, in summer over 30 ° C, in winter below -15 ° C, can lead to wing deformations and thus to functional problems on doors

Limits for permissible door leaf deformations according to RAL-GZ996 are ≤ 4.5 mm for extreme temperature loads for the deformation and ≤ 1.5 Nm for the locking torque.

The color of the door has a major influence on the temperature of a door surface outside in direct sunlight and thus on the extent of the bending. A white door heats up to about 40 - 50 ° C in direct sunlight, a dark door to about 74 - 70 ° C, a very dark door to about 70-80 ° C.

Fig. 2A shows the situation for an inwardly opening door 10 in a summer climate. Outside are 25-35 ° C, inside the temperature is 23 ° C. The heating and expansion of the aluminum sheet on the front door outer side 16 without corresponding heating and expansion of the aluminum sheet on the front door inner side 18 results in a convex deformation 106. The front door 10 bends slightly in the direction of the room. Doors 10 with a dark surface must therefore not be exposed to direct sunlight or driving rain. The effects of the convex deformation 106 are exhibited in a poorer sealing equipment. The door 10 is difficult to close.

Fig. 2B shows the situation for an inwardly rising front door 10 in a winter climate. Outside prevail -15 ° C, inside the temperature is 23 ° C. The heating and contraction of the aluminum sheet on the outside door 16 results in a concave deformation 108. The front door 10 bends slightly towards the outside. The effects of the concave deformation 108 are exhibited by a poorer sealing equipment. The front door 10 shows a poorer blocking behavior.

In strongly heated indoor areas and at the same time very cold outside temperatures, the large temperature differences can lead to functional problems.

Possible measures are: closing the door. The door leaf is additionally secured at the top and bottom by multi-point locking; 3-fold locking and adjustability of the closing strip ± 2 mm; For the doors with extremely cold climate, it is advantageous to install the stiffening profile on the lock side.

Fig. 2C contains the presentation of a solution without structural alteration to the thermally insulated front door 10. In direct sunlight, the large temperature differences can lead to functional problems. Possible countermeasures are: avoidance of door installation with direct solar radiation; Door 10 with bright surfaces and installation of additional protection by a canopy 110; Closing the door. The door leaf is additionally secured at the top and bottom by multi-point locking; Triple locking and adjustability of the locking strip ± 2 mm; Installation of the stiffening profile on the lock side.

Fig. 3 FIG. 12 shows a door panel 12 of the prior art in a cross-sectional view with a solution for reducing bowing of the door panel 12 as the temperature changes. The door leaf 12 is essentially like the door leaf according to Fig. 1 built up. Same components bear the same reference numerals. To stabilize the door panel 12 according to this embodiment, a solid steel core 112 is inserted in the inner door leaf frame profile 46.

Fig. 4 shows a front door 10 with a door panel 12 according to the invention to the description of the door 10 according to Fig. 4 matching design elements, which are provided with the same reference numerals, to the corresponding statements Fig. 4 directed.

The front door according to Fig. 4 differs by two constructive measures from the front door according to the prior art Fig. 1 , By an improved sealing system, the construction air between the door leaf 12 and frame 14th significantly enlarged. With the help of inventively designed, described in detail below door leaf 12 a lesser distortion of the door panel 10 is achieved with temperature change. The combination of these two measures a proper functioning of the front door 10 is guaranteed.

The improvement of the sealing system is that the first C-profile shaped receiving groove 56 is displaced from the outer end of the first Anschlagfalzes 50 at its inner end and thus in the corner between the side wall of the outer frame profile 20 and the first Anschlagfalz 50 and the second C profile-shaped receiving groove 100 is displaced from the outer end of the second Anschlagfalzes 96 at its inner end and thus in the corner between the side wall of the inner door leaf frame profile 46 and the second Anschlagfalz 96. By the displacement of the C-profile-shaped receiving grooves 56, 100, the construction air between the Anschlagfalz 50 and the opposite in the closed state outer cover plate 40 and between the Anschlagfalz 96 and the opposite inner frame profile 22 in the closed state is significantly increased. The enlarged gaps are sealed by a flexible and significantly larger outer stop seal 60 and a flexible and significantly enlarged inner stop seal 104. The thus improved front door 10 can be operated with lower operating forces because of the larger construction air or the enlarged gap of up to about 5 mm.

If this new sealing system is additionally combined with an optimized GU lock system (not shown), operating forces can be reduced by up to 80%. As a result, deformation-related complaints can be largely avoided.

Bends of the front door 10 are caused by temperature changes on the outside 16 of the front door 10. To eliminate this problem, a door leaf 12 is provided, in which an outer cover plate 74 made of stainless steel is glued as an outer cover plate 40 on the bearing surface 32 of the outer door leaf frame profile 44. As inner cover plate 42, an inner cover plate 72 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used, which is adhesively bonded to the bearing surface 32 of the inner door leaf frame profile 46.

The outer door leaf frame profile 44 consists for example of a composite material or a polymer material, in particular a polyamide. The inner door leaf frame profile 44 and the inner cover plate 72 consist for example of an aluminum alloy, in particular an aluminum-magnesium alloy, such as an AlMg alloy with a magnesium content of less than 20 wt .-%. For bonding, the adhesive 66 is placed in the adhesive grooves 68 provided in the door leaf frame profiles 44, 46. The cover plates 72, 74 are adhesively bonded to the door leaf frame profiles 44, 46 and form the outwardly visible outer broad side 34 and inner broad side 36 of the door leaf 12th

Due to the lower expansion coefficient of stainless steel compared to aluminum and the significantly lower expansion coefficient of stainless steel compared to the polymer material of the outer door leaf frame profile 44, a door leaf 12 is obtained, which is significantly less distorted with temperature changes, thus allowing a faultless opening and closing of the door.

Fig. 5 shows a front door 10 with a further door panel 12 according to the invention, which on the in Fig. 1 illustrated prior art door 10 of the prior art based. For the matching design features, refer to the description of the door Fig. 1 directed. Unlike in Fig. 4 In this embodiment, the stop seals 60, 104 in receiving grooves 56, 100 are included, which are arranged at the outer end of the Anschlagfalze 50, 96. In this arrangement, the receiving grooves 56, 100 as described above, the construction air is limited. In this construction, it is particularly important to avoid bending of the door panel 12 with temperature change.

The inner cover plate 42 is as in the previous embodiments of the inner door leaf frame profile 46 completely covering inner cover plate 72 made of aluminum. The inner cover plate 72 is bonded by a shear-resistant adhesive bonding in the adhesive grooves 68 on the support surface 32 of the inner door leaf frame profile 46 with the inner door leaf frame profile 46, so that on the inner cover sheet 72 acting forces are transmitted substantially to the inner door leaf frame profile 46. The adhesive grooves 68 are formed with a small depth.

The outer cover plate 40 consists of an outer outer cover plate 74 made of aluminum and an inner outer cover plate 76 made of steel, in particular stainless steel or austenitic steel, which together form a sandwich structure.

For the positive and non-positive connection of both the outer outer cover plate 74 and the inner outer cover plate 76 with the support surface 32 of the outer door leaf frame profile 44, the support surface 32 of the outer door leaf frame profile 44 in plan view at its outer edge circumferentially an elevated support surface area 32a for the storage of the outside Outer cover plate 74 and further inside also circumferentially have a slightly lower support surface area 32b for the storage of the inner outer cover plate 76. The height difference between these two regions 32a, 32b corresponds to the thickness of the inner outer cover plate 76. The outer surface of the outer door leaf frame profile 44 accordingly has a peripheral step parallel to the outer edges of the outer door leaf frame profile 44. The edge lengths of the inner outer cover plate 76 correspond to the edge lengths of the peripheral step, so that the inner outer cover plate 76 can be fitted in a form-fitting manner in the lower support surface area 32b. After bonding, the inner outer panel 76 and the raised support surface 32a form a flat surface for the deposition and bonding of the outer outer panel 74. The outer outer panel 74 has such edge lengths that it completely covers the outer door panel frame profile 44 and the only visible outer end of the door panel 12 forms.

The inner outer cover plate 74 made of stainless steel is shear-bonded to the outer door leaf frame profile 44. For this purpose 32b adhesive grooves 68 are provided from shallow depth in the lower support surface area. For the Shear-resistant bonding, for example, the shear-resistant adhesive Theramix is used.

The outer outer cover plate 76 made of aluminum is glued to the outer door leaf frame profile 44. For this purpose, deeper adhesive grooves 68 are provided in the raised outer support surface area 32b for the adhesive that sticks to the adhesive. The shear-soft bonding has the consequence that forces caused, for example, by the change in length of the outer outer cover plate with temperature change, are substantially delivered to the hardened non-stick adhesive, but not forwarded to the outer door leaf frame profile 44, whereby a bending can be prevented. The inner outer cover plate 76 made of stainless steel is shear-resistant glued to the outer door leaf frame profile 44 and thus ensures the stability of the door panel 12. Since its coefficient of linear expansion is much smaller than that of aluminum and since it is additionally protected by the outer outer panel 74 from direct sunlight, there is no relevant expansion of the inner outer cover plate 76, so that this cover plate 76 can be adhesively bonded shear-resistant with the outer door leaf frame profile 44 without disadvantages.

It is obtained a distortion-optimized construction. Steel has 50% less linear expansion than aluminum, stainless steel about 34% less linear expansion than aluminum. Steel, especially stainless steel, especially non-magnetic stainless steel, also has a 3-fold stiffness to aluminum. The composite of sheet steel or stainless steel sheet and PA profile is shear-resistant. The shear-resistant composite keeps the wing profiles "tailor-made" during foaming. The shear-resistant bond is stronger than the shear-soft bond between aluminum sheet and PA profile. The non-slip composite allows the aluminum sheet to expand without taking the sash profile with it.

Another advantage of this sandwich arrangement is that the outer aluminum sheet shields the underlying stainless steel sheet against temperature and heat from outside air and sunlight.

Function: The shear-resistant bond is stronger than the non-slip composite. The aluminum sheet can expand more without taking the wing. The steel sheet, especially stainless steel sheet, holds against it. The shear-resistant attachment is made by the steel sheet or stainless steel sheet. The composite effect is therefore as before.

In a light cut, the (noble) steel sheet gets a larger cut than the glass is. The glass connection takes place as before. The glass thickness is as before. To avoid bumps in the aluminum sheet, if necessary, punctually punch the (noble) steel sheet with holes.

The aluminum cover plate to be mounted on the outside of the door, for example, has a thickness of 1.5 mm. The steel sheet, especially stainless steel sheet, may have the same thickness. The aluminum cover plate is connected to a door leaf frame profile by means of "push-soft" bonding. For the bonding double-sided adhesive tape can be used, for example with a thickness of 2 mm. Alternatively, MS Polymer with adhesive grooves in the door leaf frame profile can be used for bonding.

The sheet steel, in particular stainless steel sheet, is flush with the outer edge of the door leaf frame profile and is shear and tensile strength connected to a door leaf frame profile. This may be the same door leaf frame profile with which the aluminum sheet is glued "push-soft". The bonding can be done with the adhesive "Theramix". The bonding can be performed circumferentially along the entire door leaf frame profile or limited to sections of the door leaf frame profile, which are chosen so that overall a thrust and tensile connection between the sheet steel or stainless steel sheet and the door leaf frame profile is obtained.

If no adhesive tape is used for the bonding of aluminum sheet and door leaf frame profile, but a loose adhesive is applied, this is introduced into adhesive grooves. In order to be able to produce sufficiently deep adhesive grooves, the door leaf frame profile is executed on its outer wall, in which the grooves are provided, with a thicker wall thickness.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

front door

12

Door-door panel

14

Door-frame

16

outside

18

inside

20

outer frame profile

22

inner frame profile

24

connecting web

26

cavity

28

PU rigid foam filling

30

elongated receiving groove

32

bearing surface

32a

increased contact surface area

32b

lower contact surface area

34

outer broadside

36

inside broadside

38

Door Frame

40

Outer cover plate

42

Inside cover plate

44

outer door leaf frame profile

46

inner door leaf frame profile

50

first stop fold

54

profile web

56

first C-shaped groove

60

outer stop seal

66

adhesive

68

Klebstoffnut

70

middle stop seal

72

Interior cover sheet made of aluminum

74

Outboard outer cover made of aluminum

76

Internal outer cover made of steel, especially stainless steel

80

Outside of the inner outer cover plate made of steel, in particular stainless steel

82

first diagonal reinforcing bar

84

second diagonal reinforcing bar

86

Door leaf cavity

88

hook formation

92

PU rigid foam filling

96

second stop fold

100

second C-shaped groove

104

inner stop seal

106

convex deformation

108

concave deformation

110

canopy

112

solid steel core

Claims (15)

A door-door leaf (12) for a front door (10) suitable as an external closure of a building, the door-door leaf (12) comprising one or more door leaf frame profiles (44, 48) forming the door leaf frame (38) and one on the door leaf frame (38). fixed inner deck panel (42) and an outer deck panel (40) secured to the door panel frame (38), the inner deck panel (42) having an inner cover panel (72) and the outer deck panel (40) having one or more outer cover panels (74, 76) an outer cover plate (76) or one of the plurality of outer cover plates (74, 76) has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the inner cover plate (72). Door-door leaf (12) according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the plurality of outer cover sheets (74, 76) are stacked in a sandwich structure, wherein an inner outer cover sheet (74) has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than an outer outer cover sheet (76) and / or the inner cover sheet (72). Door-door leaf (12) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the one outer cover plate (76) or the inner outer cover plate (76) and the inner cover plate (72) are fixedly secured to the door leaf frame (38) and the outer outer cover plate (74) is attached to the door leaf frame (38) in a push-fit manner. Door-door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that - The coefficient of linear expansion of the outer outer cover plate (74) and / or the Innerendeckblechs (72) from 1.1 times to 3 times, preferably 1.3 times to 2.7 times, more preferably about 1.5 times to about 2.0 times the coefficient of linear expansion of the one outer cover plate (76) and the inner outer cover plate (76) corresponds, and / or - The rigidity of the one outer cover plate (76) and the inner outer cover plate (76) of 1.5 times to 5 times, preferably 2 times to 4 times, more preferably 2.5 times to 3.5 times the stiffness of the outer outer cover plate (74) and / or the Innerendeckblechs (72) corresponds. Door-door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that one outer cover plate (76) or the inner outer cover plate (76) is a sheet steel and the inner cover plate (72) and the outer outer cover plate (74) are aluminum sheets. Door-door leaf according to claim 5,
characterized in that the steel sheet is made of a steel which comprises non-magnetic steels, austenitic steels, austenitic-ferritic steels, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic stainless steels, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic and / or non-rusting stainless steels, is selected. Front door leaf according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the one or more door leaf frame profiles (44, 46) for thermally separating at least one external door leaf frame profile (44) of a composite material or a polymer material, in particular a polyamide, in contact with the an outer cover plate (74) or inside outer cover plate (76) and an inner door leaf frame profile connected to the outer door leaf frame profile (44) (46) of a metal material, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, such as an aluminum-magnesium alloy, in contact with the inner cover sheet (72). Door-door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the inner cover sheet (72) and the inner outer cover sheet (76) are adhesively bonded to the door leaf frame (38) by an adhesive that joins in shear, and the one outer cover sheet (76) or the outer outer cover sheet (74) is joined to the door leaf frame by adhesive or adhesive tape that connects with a pushing adhesive (38) is glued. Door-door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that it has a multiple locking device which can be actuated from outside only via personal identification. A method of manufacturing the front door panel (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of: a) producing a door leaf frame (38) from one or more door leaf frame profiles (44), in particular one or more outer door leaf frame profiles (44), such as a polymeric material, in particular a polyamide, and one or more inner door leaf frame profiles (46), such as a metal material , in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in contact with the one or more outer door leaf frame profiles (44); b) fixing the inner cover plate (42) having an inner cover plate (72) on the inside (18) of the door leaf frame (38); c) securing the outer cover plate (40), which has one or more outer cover plates (74, 76), on the outer side (16) of the door leaf frame (38), wherein an outer cover plate (76) has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the inner cover plate (72). Method according to claim 10,
characterized,
that step b) comprises one, several or all of the following steps: b1) securing the inner cover sheet (72) to the door leaf frame (38) in a non-rigid manner; b2) bonding the inner cover sheet (72) to the door leaf frame (38) with a shear-resistant adhesive; b3) using an aluminum sheet as inner cover sheet (72). Method according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized
the step c) comprises one, several or all of the following steps: c1) attaching the one outer cover plate (74) to the door leaf frame (38); c2) securing the plurality of outer baffles (74, 76) to the door leaf frame (38) to form a sandwich structure, wherein the outer baffles (74, 76) are selected such that an inner outer baffle (74) has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than an outer outer baffle (76 ) and / or the inner cover sheet (72); c3) fastening a plurality of outer cover plates (74, 76) to the door leaf frame (38) to form a sandwich structure, wherein an inner outer cover plate (76) is fixed to the door leaf frame (38) and an outer outer cover plate (74) pushes against the door leaf frame (38 ) is attached; c4) selecting the outer outer cover sheet (74) of a sandwich structure such that its coefficient of linear expansion is 1.1 to 3 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.7 times, more preferably about 1.5 times to about 2.0 times the coefficient of linear expansion of the inner outer cover plate (76) and / or the inner cover plate (72) corresponds; c5) selecting the one outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate (76) such that its rigidity is 1.5 times to 5 times, preferably 2 times to 4 times, particularly preferably 2.5 times to 3.5 times the rigidity of the outer outer cover plate (74) and / or the Innerendeckblechs (72) corresponds; c6) using a steel sheet, in particular stainless steel sheet, as the one outer cover sheet or the inner outer cover sheet (76); c7) using an aluminum sheet as the outer outer cover sheet (74) and / or the inner cover sheet (72); c8) bonding the one outer cover plate or the inner outer cover plate (76) and / or the inner cover plate (72) with the door leaf frame (38) with a shear-resistant adhesive; c9) gluing the outer outer cover plate (74) with a push-soft adhesive or adhesive tape with the door leaf frame (38). Method according to claim 12,
characterized,
that the steel sheet under steel sheets of non-magnetic steels, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic stainless steels, stainless steels, in particular non-magnetic and / or stainless steels, and austenitic steels is selected. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13,
characterized by the further step d) d) mounting a multi-locking device in the front door leaf (12), which is externally operable only via personal identification. A front door (10) comprising a front door panel (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a door frame (14).

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