EP3412817B1 - Node-less fish farming grid - Google Patents
Node-less fish farming grid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3412817B1 EP3412817B1 EP18176657.7A EP18176657A EP3412817B1 EP 3412817 B1 EP3412817 B1 EP 3412817B1 EP 18176657 A EP18176657 A EP 18176657A EP 3412817 B1 EP3412817 B1 EP 3412817B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- threads
- fish farming
- webs
- binding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/10—Open-work fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
- D10B2403/012—Alike front and back faces
- D10B2403/0122—Smooth surfaces, e.g. laminated or coated
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein knotenloses Fischzuchtgitter, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a knotless fish farming grid with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Zur Bildung von Fischzuchtkäfigen in Aquafarmen werden Netze eingesetzt, wobei der Durchmesser mehr als 100 m betragen kann. Die Netze sind mit angenähten Gurtbändern versehen, um sie an Auftriebskörpern befestigen zu können. Bei Algenbewuchs werden die Netze je nach Verschmutzungsgrad unter Wasser gebürstet oder vollständig aus dem Wasser geholt und gewaschen. Herkömmliche Netze scheuern beim Reinigungsvorgang teilweise auf, insbesondere aufgrund der rauen Nähte, und müssen dann manuell geflickt werden.Nets are used to form fish breeding cages in aqua farms, and the diameter can be more than 100 m. The nets have sewn-on webbing straps so that they can be attached to buoyancy devices. If there is algae growth, the nets are brushed under water or completely taken out of the water and washed, depending on how dirty they are. Conventional nets sometimes chafe during the cleaning process, in particular due to the rough seams, and then have to be patched up manually.
Traditionell werden Fischernetze aus Schnüren geknüpft, wobei an den Kreuzungspunkten jeweils eine Verknotung erfolgt; die Verbindung von Schnüren über Knoten entspricht auch der ursprünglichen Definition eines Netzes.Traditionally, fishing nets are made from cords, with a knot being made at the crossing points; the connection of cords via knots also corresponds to the original definition of a network.
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein knotenloses Fischzuchtgitter mit hoher Maschenstabilität zu schaffen, das verschleißfest und gut zu reinigen ist und das gerade auch bei kleineren Maschenweiten eine kleine Stegbreite aufweist, um insgesamt den Strömungswiderstand des Fischzuchtgitters im Gewässer gering zu halten.The object of the invention is to create a knotless fish farming grid with high mesh stability, which is wear-resistant and easy to clean and which has a small web width, especially with smaller mesh sizes, in order to keep the overall flow resistance of the fish farming grid in the water low.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Fischzuchtgitter mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, das mehrere Vorteile besitzt:
- Es ist auf einer Kettenwirkmaschine gut maschinell zu fertigen.
- Es können stabile Fäden mit großem Titer verwendet werden, ohne dass die Stege zu breit werden und das Verhältnis von Stegbreite zu Maschenweite zu groß wird.
- Nur an den Längsgitterstegen wird durch den Bindefaden eine Verdickung erzielt, die aber durch den Beschichtungsprozess nahezu vollständig kompensiert wird. An allen Quergitterstegen ist der Strömungswiderstand mangels Bindefäden ohnehin reduziert.
- Dadurch, dass zwei Gruppen von mäanderförmig gelegten Trägerfäden mit zueinander gegensätzlicher Ausrichtung aufeinander gelegt werden, werden bei der anschließenden Einbindung mit dem Bindefaden stabile Kreuzungspunkte geschaffen.
- Das Fischzuchtgitter nach der Erfindung besitzt konstante Maschenweiten und besitzt bereits ohne Beschichtung eine hohe Maschenstabilität.
- Die thermoplastische Beschichtung, insbesondere PVC-Beschichtung, glättet die Oberfläche, reduziert den Bewuchs, erleichtert die Reinigung und erhöht zusätzlich die Maschenstabilität. Besonders wichtig ist, dass die Beschichtung das nachträgliche Anschweißen von Gurten und dgl. ermöglicht, ohne die Grundstabilität des Gitters zu beeinflussen und zu schwächen. Aufhänggurte müssen somit nicht mehr angenäht werden, wodurch raue Nahtzonen vermieden werden und zudem der Fertigungsaufwand sinkt.
- Die Verwendung von Multifilamenten hat im Zusammenhang mit der Beschichtung folgenden weiteren Vorteil: Der Auftrag der Beschichtung erfolgt am fertigen Gitter, das zum einen unter Zugspannung steht und zum anderen durch Quetschwalzen läuft. Durch diesen Behandlungsschritt werden die Stege gestrafft; gerade die Multifilamente in den Querstegen werden bei der Beschichtung dadurch deutlich dünner als im unbeschichteten Zustand. Die Beschichtung reduziert also auch die Stegbreite und damit den Strömungswiderstand.
- It is easy to machine on a warp knitting machine.
- Stable threads with a large titer can be used without the webs becoming too wide and the ratio of web width to mesh size becoming too large.
- A thickening is only achieved on the longitudinal lattice webs by the binding thread, which is almost completely compensated for by the coating process. The flow resistance is already reduced on all transverse lattice webs due to the lack of binding threads.
- Due to the fact that two groups of carrier threads laid in a meandering pattern are placed on top of one another with opposite orientations to one another, stable crossing points are created during the subsequent binding with the binding thread.
- The fish farming grid according to the invention has constant mesh sizes and has a high mesh stability even without a coating.
- The thermoplastic coating, especially the PVC coating, smoothes the surface, reduces fouling, makes cleaning easier and also increases stitch stability. It is particularly important that the coating allows belts and the like to be welded on later without affecting and weakening the basic stability of the grid. Suspension straps therefore no longer have to be sewn on, which means that rough seam zones are avoided and production costs are also reduced.
- The use of multifilaments has the following additional advantage in connection with the coating: The coating is applied to the finished grid, which is under tension and runs through squeezing rollers. This treatment step tightens the bridges; The multifilaments in the transverse webs in particular become significantly thinner when coated than in the uncoated state. The coating also reduces the web width and thus the flow resistance.
Die Beschichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise nach dem an sich bekannten Plastisol-Tauchverfahren. Ein Plastisol ist eine physikalische Mischung aus einem pulverförmigen thermoplastischen Polymer und Weichmachern. Die Plastisol-Mischung ist stabil lagerfähig, ohne zu gelieren. Erst durch Temperung, also Erwärmung über einige Minuten bei typischerweise 160 bis 180 °C, wird die Mischung durch teilweise Abdunstung der Weichmacher zu einem dauerhaft zähelastischen Kunststoff.The coating is preferably carried out using the plastisol dipping method known per se. A plastisol is a physical mixture of a powdered thermoplastic polymer and plasticizers. The plastisol mixture can be stored stably without gelling. Only after tempering, i.e. heating for a few minutes at typically 160 to 180 °C, does the mixture become a permanently viscoplastic plastic due to partial evaporation of the plasticizers.
Das erfindungsgemäße Fischzuchtgitter wird also zunächst fertig gewirkt und dann als fertige Bahnware durch ein Plastisol-Tauchbad geführt, wobei das Gitter - wie beschrieben - unter Spannung steht. Nach dem Durchlaufen des Tauchbads durchläuft es wenigstens ein Paar von Quetschwalzen, um überschüssiges Plastisol abzustreifen. Danach erfolgt die Temperung durch Aufheizen auf etwa 180° C. Hierdurch entsteht eine feste, aber flexible und elastische Beschichtung, die die Fäden in den Längs- und Querstegen vollständig einschließt.The fish farming lattice according to the invention is thus first knitted to completion and then passed through a plastisol immersion bath as finished sheet material, the lattice being under tension, as described. After passing through the dip bath, it is passed through at least one pair of squeezing rollers to strip off excess plastisol. This is followed by tempering by heating to around 180° C. This creates a firm but flexible and elastic coating that completely encloses the threads in the longitudinal and transverse webs.
Neben PVC-Beschichtungen könne auch Polyurethan-Beschichtungen verwendet werden.In addition to PVC coatings, polyurethane coatings can also be used.
Die Maschenweite kann je nach der zu züchtenden Fischart bis zu 35 mm betragen, beträgt aber typischerweise nur etwa die Hälfte. Nach der Erfindung ist es insbesondere möglich, auch bei kleinen Maschenweiten von beispielsweise 17 mm die kunststoffbeschichteten Stege mit nur 2 - 3 mm Stegbreite schmal zu halten und ein Breitenverhältnis von Stegbreite zu Maschenweite von ca. 15% : 85% nicht zu überschreiten.The mesh size can be up to 35mm depending on the species of fish being farmed, but is typically only about half that. According to the invention, it is particularly possible, even with small mesh sizes of 17 mm, for example, to keep the plastic-coated webs narrow with a web width of only 2-3 mm and not to exceed a width ratio of web width to mesh size of approx. 15%:85%.
Die Binde- und Trägerfäden sind vorzugsweise Kunststoff-Multifilamente, wobei der der Titer der Trägerfäden wenigstens das 1,5fache der Bindefäden beträgt. Insbesondere kann der Titer der Trägerfäden 5500 bis 7500 dtex und der Titer der Bindefäden 2500 dtex bis 4000 dtex betragen.The binding and carrier threads are preferably plastic multifilaments, the titer of the carrier threads being at least 1.5 times that of the binding threads. In particular, the titre of the carrier threads can be 5500 to 7500 dtex and the titre of the binding threads can be 2500 dtex to 4000 dtex.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend mit Bezug auf das in den Zeichnungen dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen jeweils in Draufsicht:
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Gruppe von Trägerfäden;
- Fig. 2
- eine erste und eine zweite Gruppe von Trägerfäden, und
- Fig. 3
- ein fertiges Fischzuchtgitter.
- 1
- a first group of support threads;
- 2
- a first and a second set of support threads, and
- 3
- a finished fish farming trellis.
Die
Um ein Fischzuchtgitter mit quadratischen Maschen zu erhalten, ist die Länge der vertikalen und horizontalen Abschnitte gleich groß, jedoch ist auch die Einstellung unterschiedlicher Längen möglich, wenn rechteckige Gitter ausgebildet werden sollen.In order to obtain a square mesh fish farming grid, the length of the vertical and horizontal sections is equal, but different lengths can be set if rectangular grids are to be formed.
Um in der schematischen Darstellung der
In
Bei der in
Die Fertigstellung des Fischzuchtgitters erfolgt durch eine abschließende Verbindung der zuvor in den
Die Bindefäden 3.1, ..., 3.5, sind hier nur als Zick-Zack-Linien angedeutet. Es handelt sich jedoch jeweils um ein Maschengewirk aus einem Bindefaden pro Längssteg, durch welches jeweils zwei Längsstege benachbarter Trägerfäden 1.1, ...1.4, 2.1, ..., 2.4 umhüllt werden und wobei insbesondere auch die Kreuzungspunkte 7 eingebunden werden, ohne dass an den Kreuzungspunkten 7 eine Knotenbildung erfolgt.The binding threads 3.1, ..., 3.5 are only indicated here as zigzag lines. However, it is in each case a knitted fabric made of one binding thread per longitudinal web, through which two longitudinal webs of adjacent carrier threads 1.1, ... 1.4, 2.1, ..., 2.4 are wrapped and in particular the crossing points 7 are involved without the crossing points 7 node formation takes place.
In
Die Mäander-Form im Verlauf der Trägerfäden 1.1,...1.4, 2.1, ..., 2.4 hat den Vorteil, dass im fertigen Gitter die quer und längs verlaufenden Teile des Gitters nicht ohne Kraftanstrengung gegeneinander verschoben werden können, obwohl an den Kreuzungspunkten keinerlei Verknotung oder Verschweißung erfolgt, sondern der Kreuzungspunkt nur durch den Einschluss im Bindefaden fixiert ist.The meandering shape in the course of the carrier threads 1.1,...1.4, 2.1,..., 2.4 has the advantage that in the finished lattice the transverse and longitudinal parts of the lattice cannot be shifted against one another without exertion, although at the crossing points no knotting or welding takes place, but the crossing point is only fixed by the inclusion in the binding thread.
Hierdurch wird nach der Erfindung ein knotenloses Fischzuchtgitter 10 geschaffen, das bereits im Rohzustand, also ohne Beschichtung, eine hohe Maschenstabilität aufweist. Greift man in die Maschen des gewirkten Fischzuchtgitters, so sind diese nicht leicht zu erweitern. Es besteht also bereits im Rohzustand nicht die Gefahr, dass sich die Maschen durch die Aktivitäten der eingeschlossenen Fische selbst oder auch durch eindringende Fremdkörper aufweiten. Zwar können im Rohzustand die lose aneinander liegenden Querstege der Trägerfäden gegriffen werden und etwas aus dem in Längsrichtung verlaufenden, von den Bindefäden umhüllten Abschnitt gezogen werden. Hierfür ist aber bereits eine größere Kraft erforderlich, die zudem auch nicht zu größeren Verschiebungen in der Gitterstruktur führt, sondern allenfalls einen Effekt auf den unmittelbar benachbarten Abschnitt desselben Trägerfadens bis zur nächsten 90°-Kehre hat.As a result, a knotless
Die Maschenstabilität erhöht sich bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, welche schon allein aus Gründen eines Antifouling-Schutzes und verbesserter Reinigungsmöglichkeiten eine vollständige Umhüllung aller Stege des Fischzuchtgitters 10 mit einer PVC-Beschichtung vorsieht. Durch die PVC-Beschichtung werden nicht nur alle Quer- und Längsstege vollständig eingehüllt und teilweise miteinander verklebt, sondern es werden insbesondere auch die Kreuzungspunkte zusätzlich fixiert und die Maschenstabilität mit der Beschichtung weiter erhöht. Die Beschichtung bildet eine glatte Oberfläche, die Anhaftung von Meeresorganismen wie Algen und Seepocken reduziert und die spätere Reinigung des Fischzuchtgitters 10 erleichtert.The mesh stability increases in the preferred embodiment of the invention, which provides for a complete encapsulation of all webs of the
Claims (4)
- Node-less fish farming grid (100), having a knitted grid structure consisting of supporting and binding threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4, 3.1, ..., 3.4), wherein transverse grid webs (5) are in each case formed by mutually contiguous portions of at least two adjacent meandering supporting threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4), and wherein longitudinal grid webs (6) are formed in each case by mutually contiguous portions of at least two supporting threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4), said longitudinal grid webs being entwined with at least one mesh consisting of at least one binding thread (3.1, ..., 3.4), characterized in that the longitudinal grid webs (6) and the transverse grid webs (5) running transversely with respect thereto form a rectangular or square grid structure which is coated on both sides or completely with a coating of thermoplastic material.
- Fish farming grid (100) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the binding and supporting threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4, 3.1, ..., 3.4) are plastics multifilaments, and in that the titre of the supporting threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4) is at least 1.5 times the binding threads (3.1, ..., 3.4) .
- Fish farming grid (100) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the titre of the supporting threads (1.1, ... 1.4; 2.1, ..., 2.4) is 5500 to 7500 dtex and the titre of the binding threads (3.1, ..., 3.4) is 2500 dtex to 4000 dtex.
- Fish farming grid (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mesh structure is provided with a plastisol PVC coating.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017112675.9A DE102017112675B4 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2017-06-08 | Knotless fish farming grid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3412817A1 EP3412817A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP3412817B1 true EP3412817B1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
Family
ID=62567513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18176657.7A Active EP3412817B1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-06-07 | Node-less fish farming grid |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3412817B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017112675B4 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE576785A (en) * | 1958-03-22 | 1959-07-16 | Adolf Van Laethem | Process for manufacturing knitted nets and products obtained. |
US2992550A (en) * | 1959-05-13 | 1961-07-18 | Hagin Frith & Sons | Knitted mesh |
DE1585538A1 (en) | 1965-03-18 | 1973-05-24 | Inst Hochseefischerei | KNOTLESS BRAIDED NET AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
DE4301232C2 (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1996-07-25 | Textilma Ag | Process and device for the production of textile net-like flat structures |
JP3886944B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2007-02-28 | Ykk株式会社 | Braided surface fastener |
NO20110821A1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-12 | Damgaard Marine As | Notlin for use in fish farming, method for producing netlin and use of the same |
DE102013014586B4 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2017-02-16 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Knotted net with diagonal weft thread and method of manufacture |
-
2017
- 2017-06-08 DE DE102017112675.9A patent/DE102017112675B4/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-06-07 EP EP18176657.7A patent/EP3412817B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102017112675A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
EP3412817A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
DE102017112675B4 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
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