DE2032423A1 - - Google Patents

Description

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30 June 1970

Peter Hubertus Maria de Vlam, Willilirorduslaan 106, Waalre the Netherlands

Patent application

"Paserbewehruncslomponente for a body made of defense a Plastic".'

The invention relates to a fiber reinforcement component for a body made of "reinforced plastic and comprising two or more full or nearly full, locally adhered to one another . Sohighed reinforcement fibers, of which layers at least one of essentially running in one direction Fibers, confess. ■.

Such a reinforcement component, the lines of which e.g. are formed by glass fibers or carbon fibers combined to form threads or filaments, has a reinforcement effect, that from the combination of the reinforcement effect of the one Layer, e.g. the unidirectional strength of the essentially ■ layer consisting of fibers running in one direction, and from the reinforcement effect of the other 3chichij, e.g. through tin ieotroplschaa fleece randomly directed fibers

BAD ORIGINAL 009085/1932

is formed, consists. This essentially makes the in one directional reinforcement strength of the first So a starch component running in the transverse direction to this direction was added. This is often desired in those cases in which the reinforcement strength of a body is made Plastic must be very large in a certain direction, but also in directions deviating from this certain direction must meet certain requirements «, This state can be used both when arranging reinforcement in a form such as oeim Winding of a reinforcement on a mandrel.

! Lan has already tried to locally attach the various layers of such a reinforcement component to one another using a separate material, e.g. an adhesive made of synthetic resin. A disadvantage of this design is that such a stitching binds a small number of fiber filaments in each layer, so that the internal cohesion of the various layers is lost too quickly; a rigid reinforcement component that is difficult to deform is achieved »

P There is also already a fiber layer attached to one another Reinforcement component applied, the stapling of the layers by mechanical processing, such as a local linking; the fibers of the layers brought about is. However, this damages the fibers locally, which leads to a weakening of the reinforcement strength, while In addition, the adhesive properties of the fibers at this point declines, causing the plastic component to become too reinforcing body inadequate, or fails will adhere to the reinforcement fibers ,, In addition, will also "A thin, eoplanar reinforcement component Yeriohrift dor preservation achiohfcen £; ο, ;; θηοinander zulasaon

¹ ORIGINAL BATHROOM

009Ü85 / I 93 2

■ and therefore difficult to handle.

The invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages and a reinforcement component of the type mentioned at the beginning to Bohaffen, which can be produced in a relatively simple manner, good internal cohesion of the strands or filaments of the putting together Schiohten with a "cheap coplanar Shifting these layers against each other connects and one good adhesion with plastic guaranteed.

To this end, the invention proposes a reinforcement component of the type mentioned at the outset that the sockets are shaped by means of stitching threads that pierce the surface of these sockets are stitched together by stitches consisting of one or more separate threads, the stitches preferably through. Connecting threads that enclose part of the reinforcement fibers of a layer are connected to one another,

For this purpose and also to achieve a connection of fairly great elasticity between successive layers, which is even greater. coplanäre displacement of the layers allows relative to one another, according to the invention can be the stitches, for example, tricot stitches or zig-zag stitches which z _(B · are arranged by means of a Zickzacknähvorrichtung or a tricot device. In certain cases, it is satisfiable while indur.gsgenäss recommended that- the stitches and / or the connecting threads are made of a material which, after hardening of the plastic component of a body to be reinforced, forms a whole with this plastic component.

For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that it has already been proposed that one consisting of several layers of tissue should be used Manufacture reinforcement components by separating the various layers of fabric to be connected on a loom,

0 09885/193 2 ■ "BADORiGiNAL

but woven at the same time and in mutually parallel planes. " and also an auxiliary warp or auxiliary weft thread is woven along with it which connects the different layers with one another «However, this technique is limited to the production of one reinforcement component consisting of layers of fabric ". because. Mats or Yliese reinforcement fibers cannot be processed. In addition, this technique requires a very complicated one Weave and a special loom «From the application of lock stitches proposed by the invention, which on a Sewing or tricot device can be arranged, but is not mentioned. In addition, the use of reinforcement meshes leads to such a wave shape of the reinforcement areas, that a reinforcement component produced in this way has a significantly lower reinforcement thickness than one made of flat layers Reinforcement fibers existing reinforcement component.

Finally, the invention creates the possibility of designing the reinforcement component in such a way that it is also in the The main plane of the layers of reinforcement fibers attached to one another has a reinforcement thickness in the perpendicular direction, that a body made of plastic reinforced with such a reinforcement component at the same time has considerable compressive strength . in the latter direction.

For this purpose, it is now proposed that the perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane of the composing Layers of reinforcing fibers extending part of the thread, which forms a stitch stapling these layers together Reinforcement fibers with a volume, db.o at least 1/20 part of the volume of those tacked together by this stitch Reinforcement fibers of the composing layers is, Duroh this measure is one with such a reinforcement component Reinforced body made of plastic, except for that achieved by the interaction of the fiber layers attached to one another Reinforcement strength in the plane of these layers, moreover

009885/1932

significant pressure stiffness and impact resistance having Furthermore, aioh shows that the shear strength of the ■ Reinforcement component in the main level of the same increases significantly by applying this measure.

The invention is referred to below by means of a few examples by which the invention is not limited described in more detail on the newspaper »

It represent: '

Fig. 1 schematically, a plan view of an inventive Reinforcement component consisting of a layer parallel to itself ' mutually extending bundles of glass fiber filaments and a by means of straight stitches executed as chain stitches fiberglass fleece attached to this layer consists of

Fig. 2 also schematically, a plan view of a further invention Bowohrunfjokompononte, which consists of two mittolo oinoa tricot stitches attached to an isotropic fleece of glass fibers from within their own mutually parallel reinforcement bundles, but extending perpendicular to the other reinforcement bundles ·

Fig. 3 »schematically, a section along the line HI-III in Fig. 1,

FIG. 4 shows a similarity as in FIG. 5 of a reinforcement component, which consists of a fixed means Trikotst-iohen zwisohen two fiber webs Sohioht of extending in a Bichtung fiber bundles,

Fig. 5t sohematisoh, a sons of three Sohiohten reinforcement bundles attached to one another by means of Ziokzaokstxchen,

6 shows a connection near the line VI-VI in Fig. 2,

0093 857 1332 '

7 shows a section as in FIGS. 3 and 6 one on top of the other Type of assembled reinforcement component according to the invention,

Fig. 8 shows a top view of a reinforcement component according to the invention, which consists of an isotropic glass fiber mat, on which a first layer of mutually parallel glass fiber threads and a width _f arranged as a double layer always intersect at the same angle by means of tricot stitches of relatively strong glass thread Fiberglass thread is pinned, and

9 also schematically and on a larger scale, one Sonitt along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8.

The reinforcement component "shown in Figures 1 and 3 consists essentially of two layers of glass fiber,

The first layer "consists of a number in one level lying »parallel to each other running glass fiber bundle 1, each e.g. about thirty untwisted glass fiber threads which again consist of a few hundreds of glass fiber filaments with a diameter of 5-20 u. »The composition of the glass fiber bundles is shown in the drawing not reproduced in more detail. Furthermore, the bundles 1 actually form an almost closed flat layer, but to illustrate the invention, they are often as in.

Lying at some distance from each other and shown somewhat round.

It is evident that the reinforcement bundles 1 have a reinforcement effect running horizontally in FIG. In the transverse direction, ie in the vertical direction in FIG. ₈ 1, the bundles 1 deliver. no contribution to the reinforcement strength® ·.;

The second layer '"consists of a fleece 2 of randomly oriented fibers, such as glass fibers or asbestos fibers / dt® not shown separately in _t ' r, the number is ₀ - - ·. ■. ■:. · ■■: ■ . ':;■;;, ■ <

009885 / -19: 3 = 2

In the case of a purely arbitrary course of the Fr.sern, the fleece shows a so-called isotropic reinforcement character, d.lu that the reinforcement effect is not essentially in a "certain" Direction runs, as with the first layer, but on all sides sr-Tnmetric. It is obvious that the combination of the both layers will have a reinforcement effect that although the bundle 1 has its greatest strength in the longitudinal direction, but also in a direction deviating from this longitudinal direction Riohtung has a certain strength. This is e.g. from Importance when winding one made of parallel fiberglass threads existing Schioht on a mandrel, in addition to the radial reinforcement strength supplied by these threads at the same time a certain reinforcement thickness running in the direction of the dome it is asked for.

The invention creates a reinforcement component formed from this combination of the two layers, which can be handled as a whole and which leaves the original properties of the fibers of the two layers unchanged, for example with regard to their properties of attaching to plastic. For this purpose, the layers, in the form of the bundle 1 on the one hand and the fleece 2 on the other, are locally attached to one another _{by means of stitching threads piercing the surface of the layers, in the form of known chain stitches 3 ä.} These consist of a thread which surrounds both a bundle 1 of glass fiber threads and part of the fleece 2 in each stitch 5 ».

In the case of the reinforcement component according to FIGS. 2 and 6, two layers of intersecting fiber bundles 1 are put together on a third layer consisting of a fiber fleece 2 by means of a tricot stitch 3, also always consisting of a thread ^! quilted. These tricot ^{stitches J 1} locally allow some coplanar displacement of the bundle layers 1 with respect to the fleece layer, so that a reinforcement component is obtained which, despite the fact that it consists of three layers, has fairly great flexibility. ·

0098.85 / 1932

The reinforcement component according to FIG. 4 "consists of three soles ^{fastened on top of one} another by means of tricotats 3 1, of which the inner ones consist of fiber threads ^{locally combined into fiber bundles 1 by the stations J 1} and the two outer ones of isotropic nonwovens 2".

To achieve the possibility of a certain coplanar shift of fiber bundles of one layer against the fiber bundles of one another layer or against a fleece or a reinforcement fabric, so that a reinforcement component with a kind of "inner flexibility" is achieved, can always consist of a thread or a Group of parallel ffiden jersey stitches also exist the ziokzaokstiohe consisting of two threads or groups of parallel threads are used. The so-called "upper" spans Thread the sohrag to the main directions of a layer of reinforcement is arranged offset, always one or more fiber bundles or fiber collections of a layer, in the same way as in the Tricot stitch.

5 and 7 show reinforcement components according to the invention .den such zigzag stitches 3 "are used, each consisting of a upper thread '3 "and a lower thread x 3τ,". .

el D

In the reinforcement component according to FIG. 5, there are three layers. Reinforcing fibers attached to one another. The 'of the stitches 3 "are combined to form bundles 1 fiber yarns of the two express layers extend all paraHsl. Each other, while the fiber filaments of the bundle 1 the inner layer and perpendicular to the former. The upper ^thread! 3" and the lower thread 3-J ¹ have approximately the same tension, so that the points where the threads interlock are approximately half the height of the reinforcement component obtained in this way. .

In the reinforcement component according to FIG. 7, there are two brackets of see intersecting fiber bundles 1 by means of likewise from one

0 0 98 8 5/1932

upper thread 3 "and a lower thread 3J ¹ existing ziokzag stitches 3" quilted between two nonwovens. In this case, the lower thread 3 ^ ″ is not drawn to within the reinforcement component, because otherwise relatively large holes would be created in the lower fiber fleece 2.

It is also pointed out that in the drawing the quilting threads always go around apart from the fiber bundles. this is done for the sake of clarity. In practice, however, the quilting threads can be in any desired manner through the Reinforcement threads go through that they are no longer than separate Bundles are recognizable.

The above is about the material · of the threads from which the Stitches exist, not spoken. This material can be any Be kind. However, if it is important that permanent. Formation of the fiber bundle is avoided by the basting stitches, it is recommended according to the invention that at least some of the related threads of a material is that after hardening the plastic component of a plastic body to be reinforced forms a whole with this plastic component. For example, the lower threads 3-u "of the ziokzag stitches used can be made from Polyvinyl chloride exist, so that the threads and thus the stitches 3 in a body to be reinforced, which consists of an unsaturated Polyester resin is formed, lose their cohesion completely and no further forces are exerted on the fiber bundle or others Exercise fibers.

On the other hand, it can also be .desired, as the invention also suggests, to design the reinforcement component in such a way that a body made of plastic reinforced with the same is in the. Main level of Bewehrungekomponente perpendicular direction is gröeeere strength, for example, a greater amount of pressure or impact resistance, "gets to this Zweok is pointed to the example shown in Figures 8 and '$ Ausführungebeispiel the drawing. The reinforcement component shown in these figures consists of three glass joints, which locally "form the blind structure"

009885/1932

1, 1 or 1 "(see Fig. 9 ')" in that they are quilted in this Pail on an isotropic glass fiber mat 2 by means of zigzag stitches 3 ^ir with an upper thread 3 "and a lower thread 3 ^".

The fiber optic bundles 1, 1 'and 1 "are thereby through the stitches 3 "and only determined on the spot or. formed because 'the stitches 3' always as it were from the bundle a practically closed layer secrete glass fiber threads · The bundles are then also practically exclusively local recognizable by the stitches 5 ". ·.

On the glass fiber mat 2, which consists of a large number of glass fiber threads chopped into short pieces and running in any direction, there is a layer of glass fiber threads parallel to one another. This layer has the arrangement of the stitches 3 "locally a beam structure which is illustrated in FIG, 8, but for clarity anywhere in the form of bundles. 1 over this layer is arranged eineDoppelschioht, the closed of two. T _e ilschiohten of glass fiber threads is which run within its own sub-layer is always parallel to each other, but each sub-layer, both the glass filaments _c the two sub-layers comprise the other part of layer such as the glass fiber of the first layer with the burst structure 1 cross the arrangement of the stitches 3 "locally bezv. the glass fiber bundles Is structure 1 'and 1 "and each have approximately half the thickness of the layer with the bundle structure 1, as can be seen from Fig. 9 (compare the height of the bundle 1 ¹ and 1" with the height of the bundle 1). Although, as already noted in direction of belonging to these two sub-layers glass fiber yarns is lediglioh in Fig. 8 a duroh

009885/1932

large number of lines sohematisoh represented. Pig · 9 »the shows a section of a number of the zigzag stitches used, probably shows the bundles 1 'and 1 ".

Due to the interaction of the various reinforcement effects of the " _% reinforcement layers used in the reinforcement component described here, the reinforcement component receives an almost isotropic reinforcement effect within the plane of the drawing, so that the tensile strength of a plastic body reinforced with this component has a flattened circular course, despite the fact that for the most part layers of glass fiber threads that always run in one direction are used.

Now to ensure that such a body made of plastic also perpendicular to the main plane of the reinforcement component Direction has considerable compressive strength or impact resistance, is in .this case an upper one to form the zigzag stitches 3 " Thread 3 "" made of glass with such a strength that In the reinforcement component assembled in this way, a large number of columns extending vertically to the main plane of the same made of glass. These are in this case by the two vertical ones Parts of the upper thread 3 ″ of a stitch formed in the form of a loop around the lower located below the mat 2 Thread 3 is beaten.

The upper thread 3 _e "is chosen so strong that such a glass column always has a volume of at least 5 '^ - the volume of the reinforcement fibers attached to one another by a stitch - serve to pin the various reinforcement layers of the reinforcement component together locally, generally a quilting thread will be used, the volume of which is as small as possible and is, for example, 1 $ of the volume of the reinforcement fibers held together by a stitch Cases in which a plastic body to be reinforced must have a very high compressive strength and / or impact resistance,

009885/1932. · _{BAD O} r, _Q , _NAL

the relative volume of the normal sighted by the Reinforcement fibers going through the reinforcement component by using a stronger or multiple stitch path or by enlarging it the number of stitches applied can be increased beyond the number desired for a good tack of the layers.

Ultimately, it has been shown in practice that through application The measure proposed here also includes a reinforcement component obtained with increased shear strength in the main plane of the same will. ·

As can be seen from the foregoing, the invention provides one consisting of a number of layers of reinforcement stuck together Reinforcement component based on NSh or tricot jigs conventionally manufactured, can be rolled up, transported and stored as a whole and, thanks to its great flexibility, in easily handled and brought into their desired form can, e.g. by winding on a mandrel or arrangement in a Die »■.

BATH

009885/1932

Claims (1)

REQUEST 1. Faserbewehruncskomponente for a body of reinforced plastics material and comprising two or more full or nearly full, locally adjacent layers stitched reinforcement fibers, of which layers at least one of which extends substantially in a sighting parsers are characterized _{f i} that the layers mittels.die The surface of these layers is completely pierced by stitching threads in the form of stitches (3, 3 · ¹ , 3 ") consisting of one or more separate threads (e.g. 3", 3 ") a ο> are pinned to each other. 2, fiber reinforcement component according to claim 1, characterized . that the stitches are connected to one another by threads that enclose part of the reinforcement fibers of a layer " 3 · fiber reinforcement component according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the stitches are tricot stitches (3 ¹ ), 4, fiber reinforcement component according to claim and 2, characterized . that the stitches are zigzag (3 ") stitches. f 5y fiber reinforcement components according to claim 1/2 or 3, characterized in that at least some of the stitches and / or the connecting threads are made of one material. the near hardening of the plastic component of a plastic body to be reinforced forms a whole with this plastic component. . 6 «fiber reinforcement component naoh one or more of claims 1-4» characterized in that the part (e.g. 3 ") of the thread, the • Inen ditse Sohiohten, which is attached to one another, is perpendicular or essentially perpendicular to the * plane of the composing layers Stioh (3 ") forms» . ■ · ■■■; ■■ ORIGSNAtINSPECTED 009885/1932> ' k "l - t,. * s consists of reinforcing fibers with a volume that is at least
1/20 part of the volume of this stioh (? ") Together
stapled reinforcement fibers of the composing layers
amounts to. 7 · Body made of reinforced plastic, provided with a reinforcement component according to one or more of the preceding claims » The patent attorney ί, ¹ ' -J: ORIGINAL INSFECTlD 009885/1932 Blank page