DE7024579U - Reinforcement insert in the form of a mat, sheet or the like for a body made of fiber-reinforced plastic - Google Patents

Description

DipL'fng. H. MITSCHERLICH · ;; ; ::. . '' Γ ₃ MONKS 22 Γ

Dipl.-Ing. K. GUNSCHMANN . '! ::. ■. · '_Stain «ro * i» ee ίο J? \

Dr. rer. not. W, KÖRBER '*

Dipl.-Ing. J. SCHMlDT-EVERS

PATENTANWÄLTE ^2l "/ ^ * ' ⁹⁷²

Utility model registration G 7o 24 579.5 Peter Hubertus Maria de Vlam

Reinforcement insert in Pora

or the like. for a body made of fiber-reinforced plastic

The innovation "concerns a reinforcement insert for one Body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, over two or melir full or almost full, locally attached to one another Layers of reinforcement fibers comprised of soft layers at least one of essentially unidirectional fibers "consists.

Such a Yerstär ^ angseirilage, ösren Pas & rn p.3. are formed by glass fibers or carbon fibers united by threads or filaments, \ -: there is a strengthening effect on the combination of the strengthening effect of one layer, see 3. the unidirectional strength öex atis in wes borrowed from the fibers running in one direction, from the strengthening effect of the other layer, the s, 3. by an isotropic üGLies "arbitrarily oriented 3 'ase. m geoüdet," is a result -% vira of extending in viesentlichen in a Biehtung 7erstäxfco22g the first layer; a in Querrielstung this JRich- su injng veriaxafende StsrkekxGnponente added 3 ± it is. ; often esraiinsciit in öen 5allea, in which the yer—

strengthening power of a body made of plastic in a particular Direction must be very large, even in this particular one Direction deviating directions certain requirements: must meet. This state can both when arranging a reinforcement insert in the shape of a loosening up a reinforcement insert on a mandrel.

One has already tried the different layers of such a Reinforcement insert by means of a separate material, e.g. B. an adhesive made of synthetic resin, locally to each other staple. A disadvantage of this design is that such Stitch a small number of fiber filaments to each layer binds, so that the inner cohesion of the various layers is lost too quickly. On the other hand, one leaves This type of stitching is not locally coplanar, shifting the reinforcement layers that are attached to one another to one another, so that a stiff reinforcement insert that is difficult to deform is achieved.

A reinforcement insert consisting of fiber layers attached to one another has also been used, in which the attachment of the layers is brought about by mechanical processing as in the known needle felt with local interlocking of the Schiclitex fibers. As a result, however, the fibers are locally "damaged _5, which leads to a weakening of the reinforcement XtIiLTtJ ₃ while the adhesive property of the fibers at this point z; a2 * goes, whereby the plastic component of a body to be honored is insufficient, or poorly to UEs verse ^ fearkungsfasern adhere. in addition, such a ¥ is erstärkungseinlage allow too little coplanäre shift decr reinforcing layers against one another and thereby be iawsr st handle.

Fire lies; the task underlying to eliminate these disadvantages unü one reinforcement insert of the type mentioned; zn that can be produced in a relatively simple manner.

Peter Hubertus Maria de Vlar G 7 ο 24 579.3

can be provided a good warranty ,, \ nneren cohesion of the fibers or filaments of zusainr.engshefteten layers with a "Sufficient copläniüren displacement connecting these layers to each other and a good adhesion plastic nut

To solve this problem, renewal fluids are required in the event of a ^ reinforcement of the type mentioned at the beginning, the layers by means of stapling threads which pierce the surface of these layers completely In a photo of one or more separate threads Stitches pinned to one another, the stitches preferably being connected to one part of the reinforcing fibers unclear in one layer, are not connected to one another.

It is indeed a single-layer reinforcement system made of glass fibers running essentially in a lease known to be connected by Fadensticha cüteinasder are. Such a single-layer reinforcement insert can Reinforcement forces only in one direction, i.e. the direction of the glass fibers. It is therefore for the initially The requirements mentioned are unsuitable for the separation of the reinforcing forces in different directions. Also revealed With a single-layer reinforcement insert, there are no difficulties with regard to a suitable connection to take coplanar displacements into account between additional reinforcement layers.

In contrast, the x? Ird erflxidungsgerüss a reinforcing insert geschafxen _s ehrschlchtlger at r ^ training and daslx the ϊ-SglIehkeit the Abstirsting the Verstärkiings-

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forces in different directions a sufficient elasticity and coplanar shifting possibilities for the layers Has. In spite of this, there is a permanent connection between see the individual layers secured.

In order to be able to guarantee these desired properties according to the invention the lock stitches z.3. Chain stitches or double stitches tepps ta ehe be, which e.g. shake his Hähvorrlcht-H »g or a zigzag sewing device are made. In particular Cases 5 it is recommended according to the invention, that the lock stitches and / or the connecting threads νοίη one Are material that after hardening of the plastic component of a body to be reinforced forms a whole with this plastic component.

For the sake of completeness it is pointed out that cass what is proposed is one consisting of several layers of tissue Manufacture reinforcement insert by placing the different layers of tissue to be connected to each other separately, but at the same time and in mutually parallel planes and an auxiliary warp or weft thread is woven with which the various lOhicrvtesi connects with each other. However, this Technil-c is limited to the production of a reinforcement insert consisting of layers of fabric, because mats or fleeces are made of reinforcing fibers

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do not allow themselves to be processed. In addition, this technology requires a very complicated weave and a special loom - the use of quilts suggested by the iieueruüg proposed use of quilts made on a jersey or tricot line is not included of speech Zuäes performs the Anxendonr of Yerstärkungsgesseben to such vJellexifora the reinforcing surfaces that a reinforcing insert thus produced has a significantly lower gain value as a consisting of flat layers of reinforcing fibers Verstärkungseinlage- Moreover, there is per se in Ge "ebeeiniajen the risk that ¹ ^ connect the Kunststoffkoiaponente under Irruek NIIT R & meet the notched at the crossing points or C'jrchschnitöeii. Finally, the innovation creates the possibility of designing the reinforcement insert in such a way that it also has such a degree of sifting at right angles to the main plane of the reinforcing fibers that are attached to one another. that a body made of plastic reinforced with such a reinforcement layer also has a considerable degree of insolubility in the last-mentioned sighting.

2u this? Purpose it is now proposed that the part of the bath that extends perpendicularly or vertically to the plane of the stapled together made of reinforcing fibers, the one. these layers are stitched together, £ .u £ .erstb'riCur-ÄTsfaserr. "lit consists of a volume which is at least" / 2C part of the volume of the strings attached to one another by this otich. of the stapled layers is - ~ urer. d ^ cse Ilassnahae a nit such reinforce- k * £ ^ £ e le Zelz + Sörper reinforced plastic except the dui-ch £ Z u ~ .a r. s uiig more of the adjacent stitched fibrous layers generated :. Understanding of the pressure in the level of these strata, to which one; e have considerable pressure stiffness and impact resistance. I- fr ^ rr 2ci £; t that the shear strength of the reinforcement _{seir.la f} ; e ir the Il & upt plane of the same by adding this,; ': ε:.'. ·. ~ ^Γ . considerable increase.

The firing is χτπ following by means of some examples which the innovation, but is not limited, with reference

on oils 7 · ρ · ΐ rih "nmn ~ Tushc ^ -r- described-

They represent:

j? 5, g- 1 selieaauiscli., a braaf sees one of the novelties »" veir— Strengthens the hig insert, which is made up of a layer of iron that is paral-lel mutually extending jxliideiri made of fiberglass filaiaeiilieii and eii-ezj by means of straight stitches made as I Siiiclien on this Sc2b1c2i "s attached fiberglass ^ vl ± es oesteirfc,

2i.g. 2 elsenTalls scieziat; isc2i, eise SraoTslciit a further neaerungsgasässen reinforcing insert, which is made from * 5- «ei isit-" teis zigzag-Se "tteBs1iiciieii on a i so" crcpi reile TTLies voaericiXen scais beies "enb own schicsi; mutually parallel reinforcement needles are ordered, each extending in to the ¥ ersiÄrkungsoiindeliL of the other layers perpendicular SiciiiJung,

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the line III-IU in

? ig. 4- a section - _ft -ie in Fig. 3 of a reinforcing insert, which is made of a siifctels chain stitches z-ftischen two nonwovens attached ScMciat from in a Mchtung parti Sasercünäeln ordered,

Jiig- 5 sciieaatic, one, three, by means of a zigzag-I »oppelstK> psticissii atireiriö2ider fortified £> cliicliten Reinforcement bundle,

Mg. 6 a Lelmitt riacii öer linie Vl-VI ia? Ia. 2 _t

? ig. 7 a Lcimitt as in the ifig- 5 to 6 Eis-er put together in a different way Verstarkongsezulage - ^ aen der firing,

schatic, a view of a new reinforcement insert, which consists of an isotropic glass fiber mat, on which by means of a zigzag Loppelsteppstirher: before. Verbaltsisaässig strong glass thread one first layer of mutually parallel fiberglass threads and a second one, arranged as a double layer always intersecting at the same angle

fiber threads are pinned and

5ig- 9 also sehematic and in a larger scale, a section to ö.ei: line 1Z-1Z in Fig. 8-

The reinforcing insert shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 consists iai - essentially made of two layers of fiberglass.

Ii The first layer consists of a number of

ill gender, parallel fiber optic bundles Λ that

ζ- B. each include about thirty untwisted glass fiber threads, each consisting of several hundreds of _{glass fiber filaments 4} Å with a diameter of 5 to 20 a.

The composition of the glass fiber bundle is not shown in detail in the drawing. Furthermore, the bundles Λ actually form an almost closed flat layer, but to clarify the firing, they are often shown as lying at a certain distance from one another and somewhat round.

It is evident that the reinforcement bundles 1 have an in Fig. 1 have horizontally extending reinforcement effect. In the transverse direction, i.e. H. in the vertical direction in FIG the bundle i does not contribute to the reinforcement.

W The second layer consists of a fleece 2 of any direction Fibers, such as glass fibers or asbestos fibers, which are not shown separately in the drawing.

In the case of a purely arbitrary course of the fibers, the fleece 2 has a so-called isotropic reinforcement character; H. thatö the reinforcement effect does not essentially run in a specific class, as in the first layer, but on all sides symmetrical. It is evident that the combination of the two layers will have a reinforcing effect, which is true has its greatest thickness in the longitudinal direction of the bundle 1, but also in Pdch-

tion has a certain strength. This is e.g. B. of importance when winding a splint consisting of parallel fiberglass threads onto a mandrel, except that of these Threads supplied, radially extending reinforcement at the same time a certain extending in the axial direction of the dome reinforcement it is asked for-

The control creates a reinforcement insert formed from this combination of the two layers, which can be handled as a whole and preserves the original properties of the fibers of the two layers, e.g. B. what their properties, refer to § | Stapling plastic, as far as is concerned, leaves unchanged. For this purpose, the layers, in the form of the bundles 1 on your part and the fleece 2 on the other, are locally attached to one another by means of stitching threads piercing the surface of the layers, in the form of chain stitches 3 known per se. These consist of a thread, which in each stitch 3 ^ surrounds both a bundle Λ of glass fiber threads and a part of the fleece 2 -

In the reinforcement insert according to FIGS. 2 and 6, two layers of intersecting fiber bundles 1 are g-ftstitched onto a third layer consisting of a non-woven fabric 2 by means of zigzag chain stitches 3 'which also consist of one thread. These zigzag stitches 3 'locally permit a co- φ planar shift of the cuff layers i relative to the fleece layer 2, so that a reinforcement insert is obtained which, despite the fact that it is made up of three layers, has a fairly large flexibility.

The reinforcing insert according to FIG. 4 also consists of three ocbichten fastened on top of one another by means of chain stitches 3 ', of which the inner from the Ltichen 3 'locally to form fiber bundles 1 combined fiber threads and the two outer ones isotropic nonwovens 2 exist.

To achieve the possibility of a certain copian shift from Paserbiindein one layer opposite the door

Fiber bundling of a different layer or opposite a fleece or a reinforcing fabric, so that a reinforcing insert • n with a kind of "inner flexibility" is achieved, besides always from a thread or a group of parallel ones There are also zigzag chain stitches made up of two threads or groups of parallel threads consisting of zigzag lock stitches The so-called upper thread, which is arranged at an angle to the main directions of a reinforcement layer, always spans one or more fiber bundles or fiber shells of a layer, in the same way as

JFig. 5 and 7 show reinforcement inserts according to the innovation, in which such zigzag stitches 3 "are used, each consisting of an upper thread 3" and a lower thread 3-5 ".

In the reinforcing insert according to FIG. 5, there are three layers of reinforcing fibers attached to each other. From the stitches 3 "see bundles 1 combined fiber threads of the two outer ones Rails all run parallel to one another, while the fiber threads the bundle 1 of the inner layer perpendicular to the the former run- 2 upper thread $ _ "and the lower one loader. 3- "have approximately the same voltage, so the Points, v: o the threads intertwine, roughly in half The amount of the "reinforcement deposit" achieved in this way.

In the reinforcement insert according to FIG. 7, two layers of intersecting raserMmoieln Ί stittels also consist of an upper .Faden 3 _a ^{w 1211} O of a lower thread 5κ ^Μ existing. Zigzag - Lopp el stepp stäciiea 5 ¹ * quilted between two nonwovens. In aiesea irall the lower thread is 3-r. ¹¹ not drawn to within the valve insert, because otherwise relatively large holes would arise in the lower fiber fleece 2.

Zs jiirc still waiting Linge- ^ iesen- cas.s in the drawing ■ oteppfäcen always vn outside the fiber bundles herusi go. lües is ceutliehkeitsrialber done- In practice, the step-

However, threads in Verartig any way pass through 'UEE reinforcing yarn ₅ that this can be seen not so long as a separate bundle.

^ In the above, the material of the threads from which the stitches are made is not mentioned. This material can be of any kind. that at least a part of the relevant threads is made of a material which, after the hardening of the plastic component of a plastic body to be reinforced, forms a whole with this plastic component. B. the lower thread J ^ "of the applied zack stitches are made of polyvinyl chloride, so that the threads and daait the stitches 3" in a body to be reinforced, which is made of an unsaturated polyester resin, lose their cohesion and no further forces on the F - ^ exercise its bundles or other fibers.

On the other hand, it may also be desirable, as the innovation also suggests, to design the reinforcing insert in such a way that a plastic body reinforced with the same has a greater thickness, e.g. B. receives a greater compressive strength or impact resistance. For this purpose, reference is made to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the drawing. The reinforcement insert shown in these figures consists of three layers of glass fiber threads, which locally have the bundle structure i, 1 ^T or 1 "(see ELg- 9)" because in this case they have 2 zigzag stitches 3 "on a so tropical glass fiber mat an upper thread 3- " όώ-Ö. a lower thread jk" are quilted-

The fiber optic bundles 1, 1 'and 1 "are through the stitches 3 "and only in place of the same bsuisnrt odex * formed because the stitches 3 "always aas the bundle, as it were a practically closed layer of fiberglass. a

7024573-4.1.73

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The bundles are then also, practically exclusively, local recognizable by the stitches 3 ".

On the glass fiber mat 2, which consists of a large number of glass fiber threads hooked into short pieces and running in any direction, there is a layer of glass fiber threads parallel to one another. This layer has the arrangement of the stitches 3 "locally on a Bundelstruktur, but for clarity is shown because all in the form of bundles in 1 1 ^'1 XG 8 Over this layer is a double ckt arranged -.! _Ί the closed of two T ei! Layers of fiberglass threads, which always run parallel to each other within their own sublayer, but per sublayer; both the glass threads of the other sublayer and the glass threads of the first layer cross with the bundle structure 1. The two sublayers; Arrangement of the stitches 3 "locally on the glass fiber bundle structure 1 'and 1" and each have approximately half the thickness of the layer with the bundle structure 1, as can be seen from Pig-9 (cf., the height of the bundle 1' ujict 1 " with the height of the bundle i). Although, as already noted, the locally manifesting bundles 1 of the lower layer of parallel glass fiber threads are shown everywhere in FIG The direction of the glass fiber threads belonging to these two partial strands is shown schematically in Fig. Δ only by a large line of sight, xig. 9, which shows a? Section; through a view of the zigzag sticks used; τ, -rohl the bundle 1 ' and 1 ".

Due to the combination of the various reinforcement effects of the reinforcement layers used in the reinforcement insert described here, the reinforcement insert has an almost tropical strengthening effect within the plane of the drawing, ie. an approximately circular distribution of the reinforcement, so that the tensile strength of a reinforced with this insert body CNS plastic "a flattened, or about

elliptical course, despite the fact that grossenteiis Layers of glass fiber threads always running in one direction are used.

In order to ensure that such a body made of plastic in the main plane of the reinforcing insert the vertical direction has a significant amount of pressure or ochiagfestigKeit, the ZickzacksticLe in this case to the formation of l ^a, an upper thread 3 "glass ax of such a thickness sawn ntutzt, that in the reinforcement insert assembled in this way there are a large number of columns of glass extending vertically to the main surfaces of the same - these are in
in this case formed by the two vertical parts of the upper thread 3 "of a stitch which is tied in the form of a loop ta the lower i'aden J-" located below the mat 2.

The upper thread 3 ″ is chosen so strong that such a

el

Glass column always has a volume of at least 5 % 6th volume
which has reinforcing fibers stitched together. To make it clearer, it should be said that in all those in which the lock stitches are exclusively used to locally attach different reinforcing layers of the reinforcement to one another, in general, a quilting thread will be used, the yolusea of which is as small as possible and
2. B. 1 5 & von des YoIu-: ea the von einsss stitch susansengelialtenea ¥ ersiÄ2 £ ungsfasen-. Ss makes sense, cass in
cases in which a body part to be reinforced made of plastic has a very high compressive strength and impact resistance oesitsen nut. * the relative volume of the ixt normal collation durcs. the ¥ βιν
Reinforcement insert gocen Terstr'rlui ^ if ^ rerr: your, i ^ senduiig
eir.es stronger or multiple. ^ teppfscer-s or Vergrörsertu-g the number is>: ar.dter Stiebe to Cter the number, which is a good EoftiL, ^ cex layers srnilnsclit, erhöiit β ground, can-

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-rei ^ ls £ e τ it eriZiirezT 'ic2mcf "es-i £ ^: ei.1; in the el ζ ei. ez ± .tlzer. becomes.

x the Iieusruig sine gsäief * t; ei.ei * Vei ^ starkai-gsscl-i ell's en i.v .- ". e: .e ^ ce · -ritärk.! i ^ £ seizila £ e, the aui" lILh— or Zie £ zackLJüi- ". rr.-_ c: .zui_rer- her-kfc-alicher kind produced as eir. Whole auTgeälciieit, transport! ez-t ujac. can be stored and darcii

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pure line 5cra ge ^ raci "" isrerden kan ^, z- B- duren Aui ¹ - z- £ anf ei.x.ei- Doth or -anorcnuss: in a matrix-

Protection against:

Claims (4)

t S chut ζ claims Λ - Reinforcement insert for a body made of fiber-reinforced plastic «comprising two or more full or nearly full, locally attached layers of reinforcement kungsiasern, of multiple marriages layers at least one from im | consists essentially of fibers running in one direction, I characterized in that the layers by means of these j Layers of fully piercing tack in ports from 1 eix.5s or several separate! threads (e.g. 3 ~ "■>3κ") ^De ~ 1 au j standing stitches (5, 3 ', 3 ") are pinned together-] 2. Reinforcement insert according to claim 1, characterized in that that the stitches through threads that form part of the reinforcing fibers enclose its layer, connected to each other sand. 3- reinforcement insert according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the stitches are straight or zigzag chain stitches (3 ') are- 4. "reinforcement insert according to claim i and 2, characterized in that that the stitches are straight or zig-zagged Lopipelsteppsticiie (3 ") are- y ~ reinforcement insert according to claim 1 ,, 2 ader 3> characterized in that at least some of the stitches and / or the connecting threads consist of elneia material that, after hardening of the KuE, ststoxfko =: component of the synthetic substance to be reinforced The whole is made with these plastic component texts. according to one or more of claims 4, a & ätx £ dk gekeijözeicliriet, that the perpendicular or iss wesentlidien perpendicular to the Eberxe of the compose ! end layers of reinforcing fibers extending part (eg. p 3 ") G-ss Fedens. the one hand, these cchichten EoTeinande ^ stapled ijticii (J" forms), AUC Verstärkungsfesem -nit eiüem Yolunien is that mir.desten £ 1/20 leil c.es Vclimens dex " Affected by this Ltich. i / er ± atentan'rtcJ.t