EP3399529A1 - Electromagnetic adjustment device - Google Patents
Electromagnetic adjustment device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3399529A1 EP3399529A1 EP18180022.8A EP18180022A EP3399529A1 EP 3399529 A1 EP3399529 A1 EP 3399529A1 EP 18180022 A EP18180022 A EP 18180022A EP 3399529 A1 EP3399529 A1 EP 3399529A1
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- Prior art keywords
- unit
- armature
- air gap
- profile section
- axial direction
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of the main claim.
- Such a device is for example as an electromagnetic valve device of the DE 198 48 919 A1 known.
- a (stationary) coil unit moves a radially symmetrically guided inside the coil armature unit and opens or closes a valve seat for the fluid to be controlled.
- the armature unit (having a cylindrical armature body) moves relative to a stationary core unit, which is part of the magnetic circuit and influences the movement behavior, in particular a magnetic armature force of the armature unit, by its design.
- the device for influencing the movement behavior or force curve of the armature movement referred to in the prior art in the transition region between the (movable) armature unit and the (stationary) core unit has a so-called control cone area (control area) which extends along the axial direction in a region of the armature Ankerhubes (namely the area immediately after the release of the armature unit of the core unit) affects the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit between the armature unit, core unit and the other magnetic circuit elements involved.
- control area control cone area
- control cone area By suitable design of this control area (control cone area), such as a specification of an effective axial overlap, so can the movement behavior of the armature unit, in particular a course of the magnetic force along the movement stroke (Bewegungshubwegs) specifically influence, strengthen or weaken comparatively or pointwise.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a generic electromagnetic actuator with respect to their operating and wear behavior, in particular to reduce adverse transverse or normal forces that promote tilting of the armature unit, and so in the context of an axially overlapping control area systems to combine favorable magnetic movement behavior and energy optimization with protection against undesired wear due to adverse friction.
- control area (control cone area) between the armature unit and the core unit is set up by configuring the (magnetic) flow-effective cross sections of the first or second profile section such that in the usual operating current for the coil unit causing the armature unit to move Flow and force compensation in the nature of a regulatory effect is achieved.
- the profile sections are configured such that in the case of a tilting or a deflection in a first region of the associated (radial) air gap, the increased transverse force (normal force) is compensated for by the fact that, for an associated magnetic flux (corresponding to the shortened air gap). Flooding) a magnetic resistance in this area increases.
- the profile sections are designed with respect to their flow-effective material cross-section so that it comes in a corresponding tilted state of the armature unit in the (radial) narrow region of the air gap through the resulting increased saturation saturation, thus creating a flux-effective magnetic resistance, which then This leads to the fact that the magnetic flux is displaced or displaced into other areas of the air gap (back). This then has a directly the adverse normal or lateral force reducing effect, with the advantageous result of lower friction, correspondingly lower energy consumption and reduced wear.
- the principle according to the invention results in the usual, movement-typical operating currents for the coil unit, an effective displacement of the lateral force-promoting magnetic flux from the region of the shortest air gap is carried out in other areas, since the magnetic saturation effect - corresponding compensatory - offers a higher magnetic resistance.
- the inventive principle can be realized by suitable design of the profile sections, which then, adapted to be expected in typical operating conditions flooding, are designed so that these targeted at radially minimized air gap experience magnetic flux-resistance increase by magnetic saturation.
- first or second profile section a tooth or cam shape with suitably conical angles of inclination, which in the case of the advantageous radially symmetrical design arise correspondingly as an annular projection (or cooperate with a correspondingly adapted annular groove).
- first or second profile section a tooth or cam shape with suitably conical angles of inclination, which in the case of the advantageous radially symmetrical design arise correspondingly as an annular projection (or cooperate with a correspondingly adapted annular groove).
- about flat cone angle inherently have the advantage of lower transverse forces, but at the same time so that an effective axial coverage area is smaller.
- an embodiment has been found to be a so-called inner cone.
- a narrow conical ring (as the second profile section) of the core unit which tends to saturate magnetically due to its flux-effective cross-sectional configuration, dips into an inner annular shoulder (cone shoulder) at the front end of the armature unit. Due to the narrow cone-shaped annular shoulder, the associated armature section reacts sensitively to changes in the magnetic flux and, in accordance with the above-described mechanism of action, generates compensating (righting) magnetic forces which counteract the disadvantageous armature skew.
- the present invention is suitable in a favorable manner as for the realization of valve devices, more preferably pneumatic valve devices, but is not limited to this field of application. Rather, the advantage of the present invention can be used favorably in all forms of implementation of electromagnetic actuators, in which - caused by design or play - tilting or deflecting the armature unit in an armature guide causes adverse friction or wear and used anyway to influence the magnetic force curve Profile elements in the control area (control cone area) can be dimensioned and used for realizing the invention advantageous compensation behavior.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the application context of the present invention; shown is a structurally otherwise known 2/2-way valve, which finds use in the automotive sector and is provided in cooperation between the anchor unit and cone unit with a cone control.
- a housing 10 which carries a held on a bobbin 12 stationary winding 14.
- an armature guide tube 16 receiving arrangement is along an axis of movement 18, an armature unit 20th guided, which has a cylindrical outer contour, against the force of a compression spring 22 is supported by a stationary core portion 24 in the axial direction and, opposite the core portion 24, a valve rubber insert 26, which for closing a valve seat 28, in response to an axial Movement of the armature unit 20, is formed.
- the valve effect arises between a supply connection 30 and a working connection 32.
- the anchor unit 20 is provided on the shell side in an otherwise known manner by means of a PTFE or MoS 2 sliding coating; a sliding foil for the storage of the anchor unit does not exist.
- the armature unit 20 moves along the longitudinal axis of movement 18 in the vertical direction (Z in Fig. 3 ).
- the orthogonal to this axis directions X, Y are drawn accordingly.
- a control range (control cone area) in the magnetic transition between the core unit 24 and the partially hollow cylindrical armature unit 20 is in the enlarged, half-longitudinal view of the Fig. 1 illustrates, wherein, in the immediate comparison, the embodiment of Fig. 4 shows a not optimized in the context of the invention and advantageous control range.
- the core portion has an annular protrusion 34 extending from the engagement-side end surface of the core unit 24, which is provided inwardly toward the axis 18 relative to an inner annular shoulder 36 of the associated engagement-side end portion of the armature unit 20.
- both the outward flank of the annular projection 34 and the inward flank of the annular groove 36, relative to the longitudinal axis 18, are a cone angle of approximately eight.
- FIG ° inclined (where in Angle between 3 ° and 40 °, preferably between 5 ° and 20 °, more preferably between 7 ° and 15 °, as favorable and have been preferred).
- these cone angles are configured identically, so that in the case of a central position of the armature unit (ie untilted, in contrast to the illustration of FIG Fig. 2 ) the flank angles match.
- the integrally abutting, ring-shaped and conical projection 34 is now configured such that at a typical operating current through the coil unit 12, 14 (or a flux occurring in the transition region to the armature unit, in particular in the vertical air gap 40), then saturation occurs when this air gap (40 'in Fig. 2 ) in the left-hand area becomes very narrow, thereby increasing the magnetic flux in this area and the associated portion of the projection 34, which then, due to the comparatively narrow ring diameter, here the saturation takes priority.
- this advantageously leads to a magnetic flux being increased over the local air gap area 40 "in the (radially) opposite, right-hand region, due to which saturation in the left-hand region of the annular projection 34 displaces or displaces magnetic flux outside this region.
- Fig. 4 how effectively the adverse lateral force can be reduced;
- Table 1 are derived from a three-dimensional simulation with anchor slanting using the positions A to H in Fig. 2 , It can be seen that a reduction of the armature transverse force of approx. 30% or an upright magnetic force (positive sign) can be achieved (with armature inclination in the direction of the X axis), both with a short and relatively long armature stroke (FIG. 0.15 mm or 0.8 mm), in direct comparison of the cone designs of Fig. 1 relative to the comparative example of Fig. 4 ,
- the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment shown, but there are numerous ways and possibilities, in the context of the present invention, the control area by appropriate profiling of form the cone-side and the armature-side end portion. It can be about the contour of the Fig. 2 (Ring projection on the core side is radially inward) are reversed, as well as a correspondingly optimized for fast magnetic saturation profiling on the armature side (or both sides) may be present.
- an end-coat side, outer circumferential annular shoulder 50 has been found to be advantageous, as this could additionally reduce adverse friction on the surrounding anchor guide.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung mit
einer relativ zu einer stationären Kerneinheit (24) und als Reaktion auf eine Bestromung einer Spuleneinheit (14) mit einem Betriebsstrom in einer axialen Richtung (18) um einen Bewegungshub bewegbaren Ankereinheit (20),
die axial einends mit der Kerneinheit magnetisch über einen zumindest teilweise entlang des Bewegungshubes axial überlappenden Steuerbereich zusammenwirkt,
der als Abschnitt der Ankereinheit einen ersten Poloabschnitt (34, 44) und als Abschnitt der Kerneinheit einen zweiten Profilabschnitt (36, 46) mit einem zwischen diesen gebildeten, eine Ausdehnung senkrecht zur axialen Richtung ausbildenden Luftspalt (40) aufweist, wobei,
ein für einen über den Luftspalt fließenden Magnetfluss der Bestromung mit dem Betriebsstrom flusswirksamer Querschnitt des ersten und des zweiten Profilabschnitts so ausgestaltet ist, dass als Reaktion auf eine durch ein Verkippen und/oder Auslenken der Ankereinheit aus der axialen Richtung bewirkte Verkürzung der Luftspaltausdehnung ein magnetischer Flusswiderstand des ersten und/oder zweiten Profilabschnitts im Bereich der Verkürzung ansteigt, insbesondere eine magnetische Sättigung erfährt, und eine dem Verkippen bzw. Auslenken entgegengerichtete Kraft auf die Ankereinheit wirkt,
wobei die einen zylindrischen Ankerkörper aufweisende Ankereinheit keine Stößelführung oder Stößellagerung aufweist und/oder mantelseitig ohne Folienmittel, insbesondere ohne eine Gleitfolie, gelagert ist.
The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator with
a armature unit (20) movable relative to a stationary core unit (24) and in response to energizing a coil unit (14) with an operating current in an axial direction (18) about a movement stroke;
which interacts axially at one end with the core unit magnetically via a control region axially overlapping at least partially along the movement stroke,
comprising as a portion of the anchor unit a first Polo section (34, 44) and as a portion of the core unit a second profile section (36, 46) having an air gap formed between them, an extension perpendicular to the axial direction (40), wherein
a flux flux-effective cross-section of the first and second profile section is designed for a magnetic flux flowing through the air gap, such that a magnetic flow resistance is produced in response to shortening of the air gap expansion caused by tilting and / or deflecting the armature unit from the axial direction of the first and / or second profile section increases in the region of shortening, in particular experiences magnetic saturation, and a force acting on the anchor unit acts counter to tilting or deflection,
wherein the armature unit comprising a cylindrical armature body has no tappet guide or ram bearing and / or is mounted on the shell side without foil means, in particular without a sliding foil.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of the main claim.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise als Elektromagnet-Ventilvorrichtung aus der
Entlang der axialen Richtung bewegt sich dabei die (i.w. einen zylindrischen Ankerkörper aufweisende) Ankereinheit relativ zu einer stationären Kerneinheit, welche Teil des magnetischen Kreises ist und durch seine Ausgestaltung das Bewegungsverhalten, insbesondere eine magnetische Ankerkraft der Ankereinheit, beeinflusst. Konkret zeigt die zum Stand der Technik genannte Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung des Bewegungsverhaltens bzw. Kraftverlaufs der Ankerbewegung im Übergangsbereich zwischen der (bewegbaren) Ankereinheit und der (stationären) Kerneinheit einen sogenannten Steuerkonus-Bereich (Steuerbereich), welcher entlang der axialen Richtung in einem Bereich des Ankerhubes (nämlich dem Bereich unmittelbar nach dem Lösen der Ankereinheit von der Kerneinheit) den Magnetfluss im magnetischen Kreis zwischen Ankereinheit, Kerneinheit und den weiteren beteiligten magnetischen Kreiselementen beeinflusst.Along the axial direction, the armature unit (having a cylindrical armature body) moves relative to a stationary core unit, which is part of the magnetic circuit and influences the movement behavior, in particular a magnetic armature force of the armature unit, by its design. Specifically, the device for influencing the movement behavior or force curve of the armature movement referred to in the prior art in the transition region between the (movable) armature unit and the (stationary) core unit has a so-called control cone area (control area) which extends along the axial direction in a region of the armature Ankerhubes (namely the area immediately after the release of the armature unit of the core unit) affects the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit between the armature unit, core unit and the other magnetic circuit elements involved.
Der aus der
Durch geeignete Ausgestaltung dieses Steuerbereichs (Steuerkonus-Bereichs), etwa eine Vorgabe einer effektiven axialen Überlappung, lässt sich so das Bewegungsverhalten der Ankereinheit, insbesondere ein Verlauf der Magnetkraft entlang des Bewegungshubes (Bewegungshubwegs) gezielt beeinflussen, etwa vergleichsmäßigen oder punktuell verstärken oder abschwächen.By suitable design of this control area (control cone area), such as a specification of an effective axial overlap, so can the movement behavior of the armature unit, in particular a course of the magnetic force along the movement stroke (Bewegungshubwegs) specifically influence, strengthen or weaken comparatively or pointwise.
Allerdings bringt die als bekannt vorauszusetzende axiale Überlappung von Ankereinheit und Steuereinheit im Steuerbereich auch potentielle Nachteile, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verschleiß- bzw. Lebensdauereigenschaften von derart ausgestalteten elektromagnetischen Stellvorrichtungen. So entsteht nämlich durch die axiale Überlappung der den Steuerbereich ausbildenden Profilabschnitte auf Anker- bzw. Kernseite, neben dem für die Ankerbewegung wichtigen axialen magnetischen Flussverlauf, auch eine Radialkomponente (bzw. Normalkomponente zur axialen Richtung) des magnetischen Flussverlaufs, durch den zwischen einander gegenüberstehenden Wänden der Profilabschnitte gebildeten Luftspalt. Dieser (bei radialsymmetrischen Anordnungen radiale) Magnetkraftanteil bewirkt nachteilige magnetische Querkräfte, welche sich in der Praxis bzw. insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit häufigen Bewegungszyklen bzw. langen Betriebszeiten nachteilig auswirken. So würde zwar, bei exakter fluchtender Ausrichtung von Anker und Kern zueinander, die jeweilige durch den radialen Magnetkraftanteil erzeugte Querkraft im Zentrum aufgehoben werden und so eine Kompensation bewirken. In der Fertigungs- und Betriebspraxis lässt sich dies jedoch nicht erreichen. Vielmehr ist der Effekt zu beobachten, dass die (notwendigerweise mit einem radialen Spiel gelagerte) Ankereinheit innerhalb einer umgebenden Führung (im Rahmen des vorhandenen Spiels) zum Verkippen neigt, wobei ein derartiger Effekt etwa zusätzlich verstärkt wird durch nicht ganz mittig an die Ankereinheit angreifende Druckfedern oder dergleichen Einflüsse, ferner spielen Fertigungstoleranzen und andere Effekte eine Rolle.However, the axial overlap of armature unit and control unit in the control area, which is to be presupposed as known, also brings potential disadvantages, in particular with regard to the wear or service life characteristics of electromagnetic actuators designed in this way. Thus, by the axial overlapping of the control region forming profile sections on anchor or core side, in addition to the important for the armature movement axial magnetic flux, also a radial component (or normal component to the axial direction) of the magnetic flux profile, by the wall between facing each other the profile sections formed air gap. This magnetic force component (which is radial in the case of radially symmetrical arrangements) causes disadvantageous magnetic transverse forces, which have a disadvantageous effect in practice or in particular in connection with frequent movement cycles or long operating times. Thus, with exact alignment of armature and core to each other, the respective lateral force generated by the radial magnetic force component would be canceled in the center and thus cause a compensation. However, this can not be achieved in manufacturing and operating practice. Rather, the effect is observed that the (necessarily mounted with a radial clearance) anchor unit within a surrounding guide (im Frame of the existing game) tends to tilt, with such an effect is further enhanced by not quite the center of the anchor unit acting compression springs or the like influences, also play manufacturing tolerances and other effects a role.
Eine derartige, im Rahmen der Spielpassung schräg in der Ankerführung stehende Ankereinheit (in der Art einer diametralen Zwei-Punkt-Auflage an jeweiligen Innenpositionen der Ankerführung) führt dann zunächst dazu, dass Kerneinheit und Ankereinheit (und mithin die den Steuerbereich ausbildenden Profilabschnitte) nicht mehr exakt fluchten, sich damit in Umfangsrichtung verschieden große radiale Luftspalte (genauer: Abschnitte eines umlaufenden Luftspalts) einstellen.Such, in the context of the clearance fit obliquely in the anchor guide anchor unit (in the manner of a diametrical two-point support at respective inner positions of the armature guide) then leads first to the core unit and armature unit (and thus the control area forming profile sections) no longer exactly aligned, thus set in the circumferential direction different sized radial air gaps (more precisely: sections of a circumferential air gap).
Bei Bestromung der Spuleneinheit und dadurch bewirkter magnetischer Durchflutung im Steuerbereich entstehen in den verschieden breiten Luftspaltpositionen entsprechend ungleich hohe magnetische Querkräfte: Kleine radiale Luftspalte erzeugen relativ hohe magnetische Querkräfte, entsprechend große radiale Luftspaltabschnitte kleine magnetische Querkräfte. Diese kompensieren sich dann in radialer Richtung nicht mehr, so dass eine resultierende (radiale) Querkraft in Richtung des kleinsten Luftspalts entsteht.Upon energization of the coil unit and thereby effected magnetic flux in the control area correspondingly unequal high magnetic transverse forces arise in the different width air gap positions: Small radial air gaps generate relatively high magnetic transverse forces, correspondingly large radial air gap sections small magnetic transverse forces. These then no longer compensate each other in the radial direction, so that a resulting (radial) transverse force arises in the direction of the smallest air gap.
Dies wirkt auf die (mit Spiel gelagerte) Ankereinheit als Normalkraft und erzeugt entsprechend den Reibwerten des tribologischen Systems aus Ankereinheit (bzw. einer auf der Ankereinheit vorgesehenen Anker-Gleitbeschichtung) sowie der Ankerführung nachteilige Haft- und Gleitreibkräfte.This acts on the (with game stored) armature unit as a normal force and generated according to the friction coefficients of the tribological system of anchor unit (or provided on the anchor unit anchor sliding coating) and the anchor guide disadvantageous adhesive and Gleitreibkräfte.
Diese wirken sich zunächst negativ auf die Kräftebilanz des Magneten aus und führen zu einem (unnötig) vergrößerten Magnetkraftbedarf, mithin größerem Magnetbauraum.These initially have a negative effect on the balance of forces of the magnet and lead to an (unnecessarily) increased magnetic force requirement, and thus a larger magnetic space.
Bei elektromagnetischen Schaltvorrichtungen mit hoher Lebensdaueranforderung (typischerweise mehr als 100 Millionen Schaltzyklen) erzeugen die beschriebenen hohen magnetischen Querkräfte (Normalkräfte) zusätzlich eine nachteilig hohe Flächenpressung auf die Reibpartner und beschleunigen dadurch deren tribologischen Verschleiß. Besonders gravierend ist dies etwa bei Pneumatik-Stellanwendungen (wie etwa einem Pneumatikventil), da hier keine Schmierung od. dgl. verschleißmindernd wirken kann.In electromagnetic switching devices with a high lifetime requirement (typically more than 100 million switching cycles), the described high magnetic transverse forces (normal forces) generate In addition, a disadvantageous high surface pressure on the friction partners and thereby accelerate their tribological wear. This is particularly serious, for example, in pneumatic actuating applications (such as a pneumatic valve), since no lubrication or the like can have a wear-reducing effect.
Konsequenz ist gerade bei in der Baugröße sowie im Energieverbrauch optimierten Systemen mit Steuerkonus-Bereich ein vorzeitiges Ausfallen, insbesondere wenn die Ankereinheit in ansonsten bekannter Weise mit Gleitbeschichtungen aus PTFE oder MoS2 versehen ist und keine (selbst aber wiederum aufwändige) Gleitfolie zur Führung des Ankers verwendet wird.The consequence is a premature failure, especially in systems with control cone area optimized in size and in energy consumption, especially if the armature unit is provided with sliding coatings of PTFE or MoS 2 in an otherwise known manner and no (itself expensive) sliding foil for guiding the armature is used.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine gattungsgemäße elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung im Hinblick auf ihr Betriebs- sowie Verschleißverhalten zu verbessern, insbesondere nachteilige Quer- bzw. Normalkräfte, die ein Verkippen der Ankereinheit befördern, zu vermindern, und so im Rahmen der einen axial überlappenden Steuerbereich aufweisenden Systeme günstiges magnetisches Bewegungsverhalten und Energieoptimierung mit Schutz gegen unerwünschten Verschleiß durch nachteilige Reibung zu kombinieren.Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a generic electromagnetic actuator with respect to their operating and wear behavior, in particular to reduce adverse transverse or normal forces that promote tilting of the armature unit, and so in the context of an axially overlapping control area systems to combine favorable magnetic movement behavior and energy optimization with protection against undesired wear due to adverse friction.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst; unabhängiger Schutz im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch die Verwendung nach dem Patentanspruch 8 sowie das Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 9 beansprucht. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved by the electromagnetic actuator with the features of the main claim; independent protection in the context of the present invention is claimed by the use according to claim 8 and the method according to claim 9. Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
In erfindungsgemäß vorteilhafter Weise ist der Steuerbereich (Steuerkonus-Bereich) zwischen der Ankereinheit und der Kerneinheit durch Ausgestaltung der (magnetisch) flusswirksamen Querschnitte des ersten bzw. zweiten Profilabschnitts so eingerichtet, dass bei dem üblichen, das Bewegen der Ankereinheit bewirkenden Betriebsstrom für die Spuleneinheit eine Fluss- und Kraftkompensation in der Art einer Regelungswirkung erreicht wird. Genauer gesagt sind erfindungsgemäß die Profilabschnitte so ausgestaltet, dass im Fall eines Verkippens bzw. einer Auslenkung in einem ersten Bereich des zugehörigen (radialen) Luftspalts die erhöhte Querkraft (Normalkraft) dadurch kompensiert wird, dass für einen zugehörigen, entsprechend dem verkürzten Luftspalt erhöhten magnetischen Fluss (Durchflutung) ein magnetischer Widerstand in diesem Bereich ansteigt. Typischerweise sind dabei die Profilabschnitte im Hinblick auf ihren flusswirksamen Materialquerschnitt so ausgestaltet, dass es in einem entsprechend verkippten Zustand der Ankereinheit im (radialen) Schmalbereich des Luftspalts durch die dort entstehende erhöhte Durchflutung zu einer Sättigung kommt, somit ein flusswirksamer magnetischer Widerstand entsteht, welcher dann dazu führt, dass die magnetische Durchflutung in andere Bereiche des Luftspalts (zurück) verdrängt bzw. verlagert wird. Dies hat dann einen unmittelbar die nachteilige Normal- bzw. Querkraft reduzierende Wirkung, mit der vorteilhaften Folge geringerer Reibung, entsprechend geringeren Energieverbrauchs und verminderten Verschleißes.In an advantageous manner according to the invention, the control area (control cone area) between the armature unit and the core unit is set up by configuring the (magnetic) flow-effective cross sections of the first or second profile section such that in the usual operating current for the coil unit causing the armature unit to move Flow and force compensation in the nature of a regulatory effect is achieved. More accurate According to the invention, the profile sections are configured such that in the case of a tilting or a deflection in a first region of the associated (radial) air gap, the increased transverse force (normal force) is compensated for by the fact that, for an associated magnetic flux (corresponding to the shortened air gap). Flooding) a magnetic resistance in this area increases. Typically, the profile sections are designed with respect to their flow-effective material cross-section so that it comes in a corresponding tilted state of the armature unit in the (radial) narrow region of the air gap through the resulting increased saturation saturation, thus creating a flux-effective magnetic resistance, which then This leads to the fact that the magnetic flux is displaced or displaced into other areas of the air gap (back). This then has a directly the adverse normal or lateral force reducing effect, with the advantageous result of lower friction, correspondingly lower energy consumption and reduced wear.
Im Rahmen der bevorzugt einzusetzenden radialsymmetrischen Systeme (d.h. eine Ankereinheit ist innerhalb einer diese umgebenden Spuleneinheit geführt, wobei stirnseitig Ankereinheit sowie Kerneinheit die jeweiligen Profilabschnitte in Form von umlaufenden Erhöhungen bzw. Vertiefungen ausbilden) führt das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip dazu, dass bei den üblichen, bewegungstypischen Betriebsströmen für die Spuleneinheit eine wirksame Verlagerung des Querkraft-fördernden Magnetflusses aus dem Bereich des kürzesten Luftspalts in andere Bereiche erfolgt, da die magnetische Sättigungswirkung - entsprechend kompensatorisch - einen höheren magnetischen Widerstand anbietet.In the context of the preferably radially symmetrical systems to be used (ie, an armature unit is guided within a surrounding coil unit, the armature unit and core unit forming the respective profile sections in the form of circumferential elevations or depressions), the principle according to the invention results in the usual, movement-typical operating currents for the coil unit, an effective displacement of the lateral force-promoting magnetic flux from the region of the shortest air gap is carried out in other areas, since the magnetic saturation effect - corresponding compensatory - offers a higher magnetic resistance.
Damit lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip durch geeignete Ausgestaltung der Profilabschnitte realisieren, welche dann, angepasst an eine in typischen Betriebszuständen zu erwartende Durchflutung, so ausgestaltet werden, dass diese bei radial gegenüberstehendem minimiertem Luftspalt gezielt eine magnetische Fluss-Widerstandserhöhung durch magnetische Sättigung erfahren.Thus, the inventive principle can be realized by suitable design of the profile sections, which then, adapted to be expected in typical operating conditions flooding, are designed so that these targeted at radially minimized air gap experience magnetic flux-resistance increase by magnetic saturation.
Damit bietet es sich an, dem ersten bzw. zweiten Profilabschnitt längsschnittlich eine Zahn- bzw. Nockenform mit geeignet konischen Neigungswinkeln zu geben, welche bei der vorteilhaften radialsymmetrischen Ausbildung entsprechend als Ringvorsprung entstehen (bzw. mit einer entsprechend angepassten Ringnut zusammenwirken). Hier ist dann entsprechend einem jeweiligen Erfordernis zu optimieren, wobei etwa flache Konuswinkel den Vorteil inhärent niedrigerer Querkräfte besitzen, gleichzeitig jedoch damit auch ein wirksamer axialer Überdeckungsbereich kleiner wird.It thus makes sense to give the first or second profile section a tooth or cam shape with suitably conical angles of inclination, which in the case of the advantageous radially symmetrical design arise correspondingly as an annular projection (or cooperate with a correspondingly adapted annular groove). Here is then to optimize according to a respective requirement, with about flat cone angle inherently have the advantage of lower transverse forces, but at the same time so that an effective axial coverage area is smaller.
Generell ist es zudem vorteilhaft, jeweilige Konuswinkel von relativ zur Mittelachse geneigt vorgesehenen Wandabschnitten der Profilabschnitte so auszugestalten, dass diese (bezogen auf eine unverkippte bzw. nicht ausgelenkte Mittelstellung der Ankereinheit) zueinander parallel verlaufen, also denselben Winkel aufweisen (bzw., im Rahmen von Fertigungstoleranzen, einen Maximalwinkel von typischerweise 5° als Differenz nicht überschreiten).In general, it is also advantageous to configure respective cone angles of wall sections of the profile sections which are inclined relative to the central axis such that they (in relation to an undeflected or undeflected middle position of the anchor unit) run parallel to one another, ie have the same angle (or, in the context of FIG Manufacturing tolerances, do not exceed a maximum angle of typically 5 ° as the difference).
Besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Ausführung als sogenannter Innenkonus herausgestellt. Ein schmaler Konusring (als zweiter Profilabschnitt) der Kerneinheit, welcher durch seine flusswirksame Querschnittsgestaltung tendenziell bei geringerer magnetischer Durchflutung in die magnetische Sättigung geht, taucht in einen innenliegenden Ringabsatz (Konusabsatz) am stirnseitigen Ende der Ankereinheit ein. Durch den schmalen konusförmigen Ringabsatz reagiert der zugehörige Ankerabschnitt sensibel auf Änderungen in der magnetischen Durchflutung und erzeugt gemäß dem vorbeschriebenen Wirkmechanismus kompensierende (aufrichtende) Magnetkräfte, welche der nachteiligen Ankerschrägstellung entgegenwirken.Particularly advantageous, an embodiment has been found to be a so-called inner cone. A narrow conical ring (as the second profile section) of the core unit, which tends to saturate magnetically due to its flux-effective cross-sectional configuration, dips into an inner annular shoulder (cone shoulder) at the front end of the armature unit. Due to the narrow cone-shaped annular shoulder, the associated armature section reacts sensitively to changes in the magnetic flux and, in accordance with the above-described mechanism of action, generates compensating (righting) magnetic forces which counteract the disadvantageous armature skew.
Im Ergebnis wird durch die vorliegende Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise nachteilige Reibung zwischen Ankereinheit und Ankerführung reduziert, damit Energie- und Magnetkraft optimiert, und Verschleiß entgegengewirkt.As a result, disadvantageous friction between the armature unit and the armature guide is advantageously reduced by the present invention, thus optimizing energy and magnetic force, and counteracting wear.
Insbesondere ist es für die praktische Realisierung vorteilhaft, mit (herkömmlichen) PTFE oder MoS2 - Gleitbeschichtungen hohe Lebensdaueranforderungen an elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtungen, etwa Ventilvorrichtungen, zu realisieren, welche den Bereich von 100 Millionen Schaltzyklen oder mehr erreichen, ohne dass es gesonderter, zusätzlich aufwändiger Maßnahmen bedarf. So ist es insbesondere im Rahmen der Erfindung vorteilhaft und weiterbildungsgemäß nützlich, dass die (zylindrische) Ankereinheit mantelseitig nicht in einer Gleitfolie zum Realisieren einer sogenannten Gleitfolien-Lagerung geführt werden muss. Nicht nur wird der zusätzliche bauteiletechnische und fertigungstechnische Aufwand vermindert (das Verwenden einer derartigen Gleitfolie erzeugt auch in der Montage zusätzlichen Aufwand), auch wird wirksam vermieden, dass durch eine Gleitfolie (bzw. die Dicke derselben) der parasitäre Luftspalt im Jochbereich der Magnetvorrichtung unnötig vergrößert wird, was wiederum den Nachteil eines schlechteren magnetischen Wirkungsgrades hätte.In particular, it is advantageous for practical implementation to realize (with conventional PTFE) or MoS 2 sliding coatings high service life requirements for electromagnetic actuating devices, such as valve devices, which reach the range of 100 million switching cycles or more, without requiring separate, additional expensive measures requirement. Thus, it is particularly advantageous in the context of the invention and further useful according to the development that the (cylindrical) armature unit does not have to be guided on the shell side in a sliding foil for realizing a so-called sliding foil bearing. Not only is the additional component engineering and manufacturing expense reduced (the use of such a sliding produces additional effort during assembly), is also effectively avoided that unnecessarily increased by a sliding film (or the thickness thereof) of the parasitic air gap in the yoke region of the magnetic device which in turn would have the disadvantage of a poorer magnetic efficiency.
Damit eignet sich die vorliegende Erfindung in günstiger Weise etwa zur Realisierung von Ventilvorrichtungen, weiter bevorzugt Pneumatik-Ventilvorrichtungen, ist jedoch nicht auf dieses Anwendungsgebiet beschränkt. Vielmehr lässt sich der Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung günstig bei sämtlichen Realisierungsformen von elektromagnetischen Stellvorrichtungen nutzen, bei welchen - konstruktions- bzw. spielbedingt - ein Verkippen bzw. Auslenken der Ankereinheit in einer Ankerführung nachteilige Reibung bzw. Verschleiß bewirkt und ohnehin zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Kraftverlaufs verwendete Profilelemente im Steuerbereich (Steuerkonus-Bereich) zur Realisierung des erfindungsgemäß vorteilhaften Kompensationsverhaltens dimensioniert und eingesetzt werden können.Thus, the present invention is suitable in a favorable manner as for the realization of valve devices, more preferably pneumatic valve devices, but is not limited to this field of application. Rather, the advantage of the present invention can be used favorably in all forms of implementation of electromagnetic actuators, in which - caused by design or play - tilting or deflecting the armature unit in an armature guide causes adverse friction or wear and used anyway to influence the magnetic force curve Profile elements in the control area (control cone area) can be dimensioned and used for realizing the invention advantageous compensation behavior.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Figuren; diese zeigen in
- Fig. 1:
- einen schematischen hälftigen Längsschnitt durch die wesentlichen magnetischen Funktionskomponenten der elektromagnetischen Stellvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Realisierungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2:
- eine Detailansicht des Steuerbereichs mit den einander gegenüberstehenden Profilabschnitten der Ankereinheit bzw. der Kerneinheit sowie eingezeichneten Messpunkten für eine Simulation;
- Fig. 3:
- eine Längsschnittansicht durch ein 2/2-Wegeventil, realisiert durch eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung zum Verdeutlichen des Einsatzkontexts der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 4:
- eine hälftige Längsschnittansicht analog
Fig. 1 zum Verdeutlichen einer gegenüber der Realisierung derFig. 1 nachteiligen Ausgestaltung der Profilabschnitte des Steuerbereichs und - Fig. 5:
- ein Vergleichsdiagramm in Form einer Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie des Ausführungsbeispiels der
Fig. 1 relativ zum Vergleichsbeispiel derFig. 4 .
- Fig. 1:
- a schematic half-longitudinal section through the essential magnetic functional components of the electromagnetic actuator according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 2:
- a detailed view of the control area with the opposing profile sections of the anchor unit or the core unit and marked measuring points for a simulation;
- 3:
- a longitudinal sectional view through a 2/2-way valve, realized by an electromagnetic actuator for illustrating the operational context of the present invention;
- 4:
- a half-longitudinal view analog
Fig. 1 to clarify a relation to the realization of theFig. 1 disadvantageous embodiment of the profile sections of the control area and - Fig. 5:
- a comparison diagram in the form of a force-displacement characteristic of the embodiment of the
Fig. 1 relative to the comparative example ofFig. 4 ,
Die
Genauer gesagt zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Als Reaktion auf eine Bestromung der Wicklung 14 bewegt sich die Ankereinheit 20 entlang der Bewegungslängsachse 18 in vertikaler Richtung (Z in
Ein Steuerbereich (Steuerkonus-Bereich) im magnetischen Übergang zwischen der Kerneinheit 24 und der abschnittsweise hohlzylindrischen Ankereinheit 20 ist in der vergrößerten, hälftigen Längsschnittansicht der
Konkret weist in der bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der
Wie die Ausschnittsvergrößerung der
Erfindungsgemäß vorteilhaft ist nunmehr der einstückig ansitzende, ring- und konusförmige Vorsprung 34 so ausgestaltet, dass bei einem typischen Betriebsstrom durch die Spuleneinheit 12, 14 (bzw. einer dadurch im Übergangsbereich zur Ankereinheit, insbesondere im vertikalen Luftspalt 40 auftretenden Durchflutung), eine Sättigung dann eintritt, wenn dieser Luftspalt (40' in
Das Ergebnis ist eine kompensierende Kraftwirkung entlang eines Pfeils 42 (
Im Zusammenhang mit der
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die gezeigte konkrete Ausgestaltung beschränkt, vielmehr gibt es zahlreiche Wege und Möglichkeiten, im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung den Steuerbereich durch geeignete Profilierung des konusseitigen sowie des ankerseitigen Endabschnitts auszubilden. Dabei kann etwa die Kontur der
Claims (9)
einer relativ zu einer stationären Kerneinheit (24) und als Reaktion auf eine Bestromung einer Spuleneinheit (14) mit einem Betriebsstrom in einer axialen Richtung (18) um einen Bewegungshub bewegbaren Ankereinheit (20),
die axial einends mit der Kerneinheit magnetisch über einen zumindest teilweise entlang des Bewegungshubes axial überlappenden Steuerbereich zusammenwirkt,
der als Abschnitt der Ankereinheit einen ersten Poloabschnitt (34, 44) und als Abschnitt der Kerneinheit einen zweiten Profilabschnitt (36, 46) mit einem zwischen diesen gebildeten, eine Ausdehnung senkrecht zur axialen Richtung ausbildenden Luftspalt (40) aufweist, wobei,
ein für einen über den Luftspalt fließenden Magnetfluss der Bestromung mit dem Betriebsstrom flusswirksamer Querschnitt des ersten und des zweiten Profilabschnitts so ausgestaltet ist, dass als Reaktion auf eine durch ein Verkippen und/oder Auslenken der Ankereinheit aus der axialen Richtung bewirkte Verkürzung der Luftspaltausdehnung ein magnetischer Flusswiderstand des ersten und/oder zweiten Profilabschnitts im Bereich der Verkürzung ansteigt, insbesondere eine magnetische Sättigung erfährt, und eine dem Verkippen bzw. Auslenken entgegengerichtete Kraft auf die Ankereinheit wirkt
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die einen zylindrischen Ankerkörper aufweisende Ankereinheit keine Stößelführung oder Stößellagerung aufweist und/oder mantelseitig ohne Folienmittel, insbesondere ohne eine Gleitfolie, gelagert ist.Electromagnetic actuator with
a armature unit (20) movable relative to a stationary core unit (24) and in response to energizing a coil unit (14) with an operating current in an axial direction (18) about a movement stroke;
which interacts axially at one end with the core unit magnetically via a control region axially overlapping at least partially along the movement stroke,
comprising as a portion of the anchor unit a first Polo section (34, 44) and as a portion of the core unit a second profile section (36, 46) having an air gap formed between them, an extension perpendicular to the axial direction (40), wherein
a flux flux-effective cross-section of the first and second profile section is designed for a magnetic flux flowing through the air gap, such that a magnetic flow resistance is produced in response to shortening of the air gap expansion caused by tilting and / or deflecting the armature unit from the axial direction of the first and / or second profile section increases in the region of the shortening, in particular undergoes a magnetic saturation, and a force opposing the tilting or deflection acts on the anchor unit
characterized in that
the armature unit having a cylindrical armature body has no tappet guide or ram bearing and / or is mounted on the shell side without film means, in particular without a sliding foil.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Ankereinheit und die Kerneinheit radialsymmetrisch um eine entlang der axialen Richtung verlaufende Mittelachse ausgebildet sind und der erste und/oder der zweite Profilabschnitt bevorzugt einstückig aus einem Anker- bzw. Kernkörper ansitzen und radial umlaufend ausgebildet sind,
wobei der radial zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Profilabschnitt umlaufende Luftspalt durch das Verkippen bzw. Auslenken die Verkürzung in einem ersten Luftspaltbereich und eine Erweiterung in einem, bezogen auf die Mittelachse, gegenüberliegenden Luftspaltbereich erfährt.Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the armature unit and the core unit are designed to be radially symmetrical about a central axis running along the axial direction, and the first and / or the second profile section are preferably integrally formed from an armature or core body and are designed to run radially around,
wherein the air gap circulating radially between the first and the second profile section undergoes shortening in a first air gap area due to the tilting or deflection and an expansion in an air gap area opposite the center axis.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der erste und/oder der zweite Profilabschnitt längsschnittlich eine Zahn- und/oder Nockenform aufweisen, die bei radialsymmetrischer Ausbildung der Anker- und der Kerneinheit als axialer Ringvorsprung ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the first and / or the second profile section have a longitudinally tooth and / or cam shape, which is formed in the case of radially symmetrical design of the armature and the core unit as an axial annular projection.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der erste und der zweite Profilabschnitt den Luftspalt durch konusförmig zur axialen Richtung geneigte Wandabschnitte begrenzen.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the first and the second profile section delimit the air gap by wall sections inclined in a cone shape to the axial direction.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein Konuswinkel der Wandabschnitte des ersten bzw. des zweiten Profilabschnitts so ausgebildet ist, dass bei unverkippter bzw. nicht ausgelenkter Mittelstellung der Ankereinheit die Wandabschnitte zueinander parallel verlaufen und/oder ein zwischen den Wandabschnitten gebildeter Winkel < 5°, bevorzugt kleiner < 3°, beträgt.Device according to claim 4,
characterized in that
a cone angle of the wall portions of the first and the second profile section is formed so that in unschwippter or not deflected middle position of the anchor unit, the wall sections parallel to each other and / or formed between the wall sections angle <5 °, preferably less <3 ° ,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
einer der Profilabschnitte als radial umlaufender, längsschnittlich konusförmiger Ringvorsprung ausgebildet ist, der mit dem als radial umlaufend D/r, konusförmig G/r Ringnut und/oder Ringabsatz ausgebildeten anderen Profilabschnitt zusammenwirkt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
one of the profile sections is designed as a radially encircling, longitudinally cone-shaped annular projection, with the radial encircling D / r, conical G / r ring groove and / or annular shoulder formed formed other profile section cooperates.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Ankereinheit zum Ausbilden des ersten Profilabschnitts einen konusförmigen, innenliegenden Ringabsatz aufweist und mantelseitig in Richtung auf die Kerneinheit einen umlaufenden weiteren Ringabsatz ausbildet.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the anchor unit for forming the first profile section has a cone-shaped, inner annular shoulder and on the shell side forms a circumferential further annular shoulder in the direction of the core unit.
gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte:
characterized by the steps:
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102010048808A DE102010048808A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | Electromagnetic actuator |
EP11833885.4A EP2630647B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Electromagnetic actuating apparatus |
PCT/EP2011/068380 WO2012052528A2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Electromagnetic actuating apparatus |
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EP11833885.4A Division EP2630647B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Electromagnetic actuating apparatus |
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EP18180022.8A Active EP3399529B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Electromagnetic adjustment device |
EP18180013.7A Active EP3401936B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Electromagnetic adjustment device |
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DE102014222504A1 (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | valve means |
JP7023737B2 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2022-02-22 | 株式会社鷺宮製作所 | Solenoid valve and refrigeration cycle system |
EP3758028B1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2023-02-15 | Otis Elevator Company | Actuator |
CN114258577A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-03-29 | 谐波传动系统有限公司 | Push-pull solenoid |
DE102020132351A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-09 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator device, solenoid valve and method for operating the electromagnetic actuator device |
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2011
- 2011-10-20 EP EP11833885.4A patent/EP2630647B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-20 EP EP18180022.8A patent/EP3399529B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-20 WO PCT/EP2011/068380 patent/WO2012052528A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-10-20 EP EP18180013.7A patent/EP3401936B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-20 US US13/880,543 patent/US9236175B2/en active Active
- 2011-10-20 CN CN201180061065.1A patent/CN103282979B/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010048808A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US20130265125A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
EP3401936B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
EP2630647B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP2630647A2 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
CN103282979B (en) | 2016-10-12 |
EP3399529B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
EP3401936A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
WO2012052528A2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
CN103282979A (en) | 2013-09-04 |
WO2012052528A3 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
US9236175B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
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