EP3394420A1 - Magnetventil für ein kraftstoffeinspritzventil, verfahren zum betreiben des magnetventils und kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem solchen magnetventil - Google Patents
Magnetventil für ein kraftstoffeinspritzventil, verfahren zum betreiben des magnetventils und kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem solchen magnetventilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3394420A1 EP3394420A1 EP16798522.5A EP16798522A EP3394420A1 EP 3394420 A1 EP3394420 A1 EP 3394420A1 EP 16798522 A EP16798522 A EP 16798522A EP 3394420 A1 EP3394420 A1 EP 3394420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solenoid valve
- armature
- electromagnet
- valve
- longitudinal axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2065—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit the control being related to the coil temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/26—Fuel-injection apparatus with elastically deformable elements other than coil springs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
- H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F2007/1661—Electromagnets or actuators with anti-stick disc
Definitions
- Solenoid valve for a fuel injection valve Method for operating the solenoid valve and fuel injection valve with such a solenoid valve
- the invention relates to a solenoid valve for a fuel injection valve, a method for operating such a solenoid valve and a fuel injection valve with such a solenoid valve, wherein the fuel injection valve is preferably used for introducing fuel under high pressure into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- Fuel injection valves with a solenoid valve for controlling the fuel injection are known from the prior art, for example from DE 10 2007 052 753 AI.
- the compressed fuel is supplied to the fuel injection valve and introduced here through injection openings in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel is finely atomized due to the high fuel pressure.
- the opening and closing of these injection openings is controlled by means of a nozzle needle, which is arranged longitudinally movable within the fuel injection valve.
- the movements of the nozzle needle is servohydraulic by the fuel pressure is varied in a control chamber by means of a solenoid valve, wherein a closing force is exerted on the nozzle needle by the pressure in the control chamber.
- the solenoid valve in this case comprises a magnet armature, which cooperates with an electromagnet and by the force of the electromagnet against the force of a closing spring is movable. Due to the longitudinal movement of the armature is a Abschtrerites, a so-called flow restrictor, up and controlled, so that fuel can flow from the control room in a low pressure chamber, whereby the pressure in the control room is lowered. Accordingly, the pressure in the control room builds up again when the solenoid valve is closed.
- the magnetic valve comprises the armature, wherein the armature forms an armature plate, which is formed substantially flat and facing the electromagnet.
- a residual air disc is provided between the anchor plate and the electromagnet.
- the residual air gap disk is located at the outer edge of the anchor plate, while the closing spring, which acts on the magnet armature in the direction of its closing position, acts on the magnet armature in the center of the anchor plate.
- Closing spring of the anchor plate slightly bent, since the closing spring acts on the anchor plate away from the magnet with a force.
- the so caused deflection of the anchor plate is about one micron in the known solenoid valves.
- the solenoid valve is at a low temperature because it is, for example, immersed as part of a fuel injection valve with low temperature fuel. If the fuel injection valve is now put into operation, fuel flows from the control chamber through an outlet throttle into the low-pressure chamber when the solenoid valve is open. The highly compressed fuel is thereby relaxed and warms up strongly, which leads first of all to a warming of the magnet armature. The armature then expands, while the remaining components of the fuel injection valve, in particular the outer housing elements of the solenoid valve, still have a low temperature. Due to the thermal expansion of the armature, the maximum stroke of the solenoid valve is lowered by up to 8 ⁇ , which lasts until the solenoid valve has reached a uniform temperature.
- a reduced stroke of the solenoid valve can lead to altered flow characteristics at the outlet throttle, that is, the pressure reduction within the control chamber through the not fully open flow area in the solenoid valve is not as fast as necessary to achieve the same switching dynamics of the fuel injection valve as with cold injector or when this has reached its operating temperature. This can lead to irregularities during the warm-up phase and thus to irregular injections.
- the solenoid valve according to the invention has the advantage that the reduced opening stroke is compensated for partial heating of the components and thus a uniform opening cross-section can be achieved at all temperatures.
- the solenoid valve has a longitudinal axis and a movable along this longitudinal axis magnet armature, which cooperates with an electromagnet, wherein the magnet armature forms an armature plate, which is arranged opposite to the electromagnet.
- a residual air gap disc is disposed between the electromagnet and the anchor plate, which prevents a direct concern of the anchor plate on the electromagnet, the anchor plate comes with its outer edge to the residual air gap disk to the plant.
- a closing spring which acts on the magnet armature with a closing force in the direction of a valve seat, wherein the closing spring acts on the armature plate near its longitudinal axis and can be opened or closed by the interaction of the magnet armature with the valve seat, a flow cross-section for a fluid.
- a weakening zone is formed within the anchor plate, so that the flexibility of the anchor plate is increased. Due to the formation of the weakening zone of the anchor plate in Beaufschla tion with the closing spring is bent more than is the case with the known spring plates. The deflection of the anchor plate corresponds approximately to the amount by which the armature extends due to its thermal expansion during operation and thus normally reduces the stroke of the solenoid valve.
- the force of the electromagnet can be increased, so that the interior of the anchor plate is tightened more than is necessary to open the solenoid valve and to overcome the closing spring force.
- the force of the closing spring is thus partially compensated by the increased magnetic force, so that the interior of the armature is raised and the spring plate assumes a nearly flat shape.
- the total lift of the solenoid valve is increased again and brought to the level that was present before the partial heating. Warms up in the course of operation, the entire solenoid valve and thus the other components, the energization of the solenoid when opening the solenoid valve herunterge down and the armature opens as in cold injector.
- the closing spring is designed as a helical compression spring whose longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the magnet armature.
- the magnet armature has a longitudinal bore whose longitudinal axis forms the longitudinal axis of the magnet armature.
- the weakening zone is formed by a circumferential annular groove, which is formed on the electromagnet surface facing the anchor plate.
- the weakening zone can also be formed by a circumferential annular groove which is formed on the surface facing away from the electromagnet of the anchor plate, wherein it can also be provided that an annular groove is formed on both sides. ever according to the depth and shape of the annular groove can be adjusted so the weakening zone, without affecting the stability of the anchor plate as a whole.
- the residual air gap disc is formed as a flat annular disc. As a result, it is easy to set the minimum distance, which the anchor plate can assume from the electromagnet, via the thickness of the residual air gap disk.
- the solenoid valve is operated in such a way that a first coil current is passed through the electromagnet at a low temperature, whereby a magnetic force is generated which exceeds that necessary for moving the magnet armature and overcoming the force of the closing spring Measure goes out.
- the coil current for opening the solenoid valve is lowered relative to the first coil current. Due to the two different coil currents for opening the solenoid valve in the cold and in the warm state, the stroke of the solenoid valve can be kept constant because of the deflection of the armature or the anchor plate, which can be adjusted by the coil current, the stroke of the solenoid can be adjusted ,
- a solenoid valve according to the invention is provided in a fuel injection valve, which serves to inject fuel under high pressure into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the fuel injection valve has a pressure chamber which can be filled with fuel at high pressure, in which a longitudinally movable nozzle needle is arranged, which cooperates with a nozzle seat for opening and closing at least one injection opening, wherein the nozzle needle delimits a control chamber with its front side facing away from the nozzle seat, in which an alternating pressure is adjustable by the control chamber with a trained in the housing low pressure space over the
- Control valve is connectable.
- the control valve is designed as a solenoid valve according to the invention. drawing
- the drawing shows a solenoid valve according to the invention and a fuel injector according to the invention. Show it
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an inventive fuel injection valve with a solenoid valve according to the invention as a control valve
- Figure 2 is an enlargement of Figure 1 in the region of the solenoid valve
- Figure 3 is a separate illustration of the armature to illustrate the mechanical deflection.
- the fuel injection valve 1 shows a fuel injection valve according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section, wherein the fuel injection valve comprises a solenoid valve according to the invention.
- the fuel injection valve 1 has a housing 2 with a longitudinal axis 3, which comprises a magnetic body 6, a holding body 4 and a nozzle body 5, which are clamped liquid-tight against each other via a tensioning device, not shown in the drawing.
- a pressure chamber 9 is formed which can be filled with fuel at high pressure via a high-pressure fuel port 11.
- a high-pressure bore 10 is formed in the holding body 4, which opens into the high-pressure chamber 9, through which the compressed fuel flows into the region of a nozzle seat 17, which is formed at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body 5.
- a piston-shaped nozzle needle 15 is arranged longitudinally displaceable having at its combustion chamber end a sealing surface 16 with which the nozzle needle 15 with the nozzle seat 17 for opening and closing at least one injection port 18 cooperates, at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body. 5 is trained. If the nozzle needle 15 in contact with the nozzle seat 17, the injection openings 8 are closed against the pressure chamber 9, while 15 lifted from the valve seat 17 nozzle needle fuel from the pressure chamber 9 can flow to the injection openings 8 and through it into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the nozzle seat 17 facing away from the pressure chamber 9 is closed by a valve member 12 which is fixed by a clamping screw 14 within the holding body 4 stationary.
- the valve piece 12 has a blind bore 26, which receives the nozzle seat facing away from the end of the nozzle needle 15, wherein a control chamber 22 is limited by the nozzle seat facing away from the end of the nozzle needle 15 and the blind bore 26 within the valve piece 12, which connected via an inlet throttle 20 to the pressure chamber 9 is.
- a drainage bore 24 is formed in the valve piece 12, in which an outlet throttle 25 is formed which opens into an outlet space 31, which is formed in the nozzle seat facing end region of the holding body 4.
- the low-pressure chamber 35 is connected via a Abiaufbohrung 37 with a return system in which a low fuel pressure prevails, so that in the low-pressure chamber 35 is always applied a low fuel pressure.
- a control valve 30 is arranged, which is designed as an electromagnetic control valve and which has an electromagnet 44, wherein the electromagnet 44 comprises a magnetic core 45 having a recess 47 and a magnetic coil 46 disposed therein.
- the electromagnet 44 is arranged in the magnetic body 6, which forms the combustion chamber facing end of the housing 2 and is clamped by a clamping nut 7 against the holding body 4.
- the control valve 30 further comprises a magnetic armature 40, which forms a substantially flat anchor plate 140, which is arranged opposite to the electromagnet 44.
- the armature 40 further has a bore 48 in which a valve pin 34 is arranged, on which the magnet armature 40 is longitudinally movably guided.
- the magnet armature 40 is also guided in a sleeve-shaped extension 112 of the valve member 12 on its outer side, wherein an outlet space 31 is limited by the sleeve-shaped extension 112, which is connected via the outlet throttle 25 and the Abiaufbohrung 24 with the control chamber 22.
- the armature 42 also cooperates with an annular valve seat 42 which is formed in the valve piece 12, so that the drain chamber 31 is connectable to the low pressure chamber 35 when the armature 40 is pulled away from the valve seat 42 by the electromagnet 44.
- a closing spring 50 which is arranged surrounding the valve pin 34 within the magnetic core 45, in the direction of the valve seat 42 with a closing force.
- the operation of the fuel injector is as follows: At the beginning of the injection of the solenoid 44 is energized, and the closing spring 50 presses the armature 40 against the valve seat 42. Thus, the drain chamber 31 is hydraulically separated from the low pressure chamber 35, wherein in the control chamber 22, a high fuel pressure is present, which presses the nozzle needle 15 against the nozzle seat 17 and thus closes the injection openings 18. If an injection takes place, then the electromagnet 44 is energized, which causes a magnetic force on the armature 40, which pulls it in the direction of the electromagnet 44. The armature 40 then moves away from the valve seat 42 until it comes into contact with the throttle plate 52.
- the entire solenoid valve is at a low temperature level, as is the fuel in the fuel injector. Escapes the highly compressed fuel now by opening the solenoid valve from the control chamber 22, the stored mechanical energy is released, which is reflected in a strong heating of the streamed fuel. This heats up the magnet armature 40, which is extended by the thermal expansion and thereby reduces the maximum lift of the magnet armature, typically by about 8 ⁇ m. However, in the case of the present inventive solenoid valve, this can be compensated for by increasing the current supply of the solenoid valve 44 beyond the level necessary for opening the control valve, so that a force also acts in the interior of the electromagnet.
- the force of the closing spring 50 is thus suppressed and the deflection of the anchor plate 140, as shown in Figure 2a, at least partially compensated.
- the maximum stroke of the armature 40 increases again and to the original value. If, during the further operation of the solenoid valve, the remaining components also gradually warm up and assume the same temperature as the magnet armature 40, the maximum lift of the magnet armature 40 thereby increases again. In order to keep the stroke of the magnet armature 40 constant, the energization of the electromagnet 44 is now reduced.
- the spring plate 140 then again shows the deflection shown in Figure 3.
- the weakening zone 55 can, as shown in FIG. 3, be formed by a first annular groove 56 and a second annular groove 57. However, it is also possible to produce the weakened zone 55 in another way, for example by bores distributed over the circumference, which penetrate the anchor plate 140 or by another mechanical weakening of the anchor plate 140 in this region.
- the weakening zone 52 should preferably be placed in the region of the coil window in order to minimize the loss of magnetic force as a result of the change in the magnet armature geometry.
- the coil window is the region of the magnetic core 45 in which an opening facing the magnet armature 40 is formed by the recess 47.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015226499.8A DE102015226499A1 (de) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | Magnetventil für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil, Verfahren zum Betreiben des Magnetventils und Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem solchen Magnetventil |
| PCT/EP2016/078375 WO2017108297A1 (de) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-11-22 | Magnetventil für ein kraftstoffeinspritzventil, verfahren zum betreiben des magnetventils und kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem solchen magnetventil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3394420A1 true EP3394420A1 (de) | 2018-10-31 |
| EP3394420B1 EP3394420B1 (de) | 2020-05-06 |
Family
ID=57354383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16798522.5A Active EP3394420B1 (de) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-11-22 | Magnetventil für ein kraftstoffeinspritzventil, verfahren zum betreiben des magnetventils und kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem solchen magnetventil |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3394420B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20180094093A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015226499A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017108297A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016225768A1 (de) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftstoffinjektors |
| DE102018116485A1 (de) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Samson Aktiengesellschaft | System zum ausgleichen einer durch thermische belastung einhergehende abmessungsänderung an einer stellarmatur, stellungsregelungssystem, verfahren zum ausgleichen einer durch thermische belastung einhergehende abmessungsänderung an einer stellarmatur und stellarmatur |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2936853A1 (de) * | 1979-09-12 | 1981-04-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares ventil |
| DE29713167U1 (de) * | 1997-07-24 | 1998-11-19 | FEV Motorentechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 52078 Aachen | Elektromagnetischer Aktuator mit elastisch verformbarem Anker |
| DE10141945A1 (de) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-20 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Elektromagnetischer Aktor zur Betätigung eines Brennkraftmaschinen-Hubventils |
| DE102007016252A1 (de) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Magnetventil |
| DE102007052753A1 (de) | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor mit optimiertem Absteuerstoß |
| DE102008042265A1 (de) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Einspritzventils |
| DE102009001706A1 (de) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Restluftspaltscheibe |
| DE102014209384A1 (de) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ventil mit einem magnetischen Aktor |
-
2015
- 2015-12-22 DE DE102015226499.8A patent/DE102015226499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-11-22 WO PCT/EP2016/078375 patent/WO2017108297A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-11-22 EP EP16798522.5A patent/EP3394420B1/de active Active
- 2016-11-22 KR KR1020187020487A patent/KR20180094093A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017108297A1 (de) | 2017-06-29 |
| DE102015226499A1 (de) | 2017-06-22 |
| KR20180094093A (ko) | 2018-08-22 |
| EP3394420B1 (de) | 2020-05-06 |
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